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Greaves RF. LC-MS/MS random access automation - a game changer for the 24/7 clinical laboratory. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1249-1251. [PMID: 38711415 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2024-0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronda F Greaves
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatric, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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2
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Couce ML, Bóveda MD, Castiñeiras DE, Vázquez-Mosquera ME, Barbosa-Gouveia S, De Castro MJ, Iglesias-Rodríguez AJ, Colón C, Cocho JA, Sánchez P. A newborn Screening Programme for Inborn errors of metabolism in Galicia: 22 years of evaluation and follow-up. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:202. [PMID: 38760795 PMCID: PMC11102203 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03204-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a notable lack of harmonisation in newborn screening (NBS) programmes worldwide. The Galician programme for early detection of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) was one of the first NBS programmes in Europe to incorporate mass spectrometry (July 2000). This programme currently screens for 26 IEMs in dried blood and urine samples collected 24-72 h after birth. RESULTS In its 22-year history, this programme has analysed samples from 440,723 neonates and identified 326 cases of IEM with a prevalence of 1:1351. The most prevalent IEMs were hyperphenylalaninaemia (n = 118), followed by medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD, n = 26), galactosaemia (n = 20), and cystinurias (n = 43). Sixty-one false positives and 18 conditions related to maternal pathologies were detected. Urine samples have been identified as a useful secondary sample to reduce the rate of false positives and identify new defects. There were 5 false negatives. The overall positive value was 84.23%. The fatality rate over a median of 12.1 years of follow-up was 2.76%. The intelligence quotient of patients was normal in 95.7% of cases, and school performance was largely optimal, with pedagogic special needs assistance required in < 10% of cases. Clinical onset of disease preceded diagnosis in 4% of cases. The age at which first NBS report is performed was reduced by 4 days since 2021. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the benefits of collecting urine samples, reduce NBS reporting time and expanding the number of IEMs included in NBS programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Couce
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela University, CIBERER, RICORS, MetabERN, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - María-Dolores Bóveda
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela University, CIBERER, RICORS, MetabERN, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Daisy E Castiñeiras
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela University, CIBERER, RICORS, MetabERN, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María-Eugenia Vázquez-Mosquera
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela University, CIBERER, RICORS, MetabERN, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Sofía Barbosa-Gouveia
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela University, CIBERER, RICORS, MetabERN, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María-José De Castro
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela University, CIBERER, RICORS, MetabERN, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Agustin J Iglesias-Rodríguez
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela University, CIBERER, RICORS, MetabERN, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Colón
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela University, CIBERER, RICORS, MetabERN, A Coruña, Spain
| | - José A Cocho
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela University, CIBERER, RICORS, MetabERN, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Paula Sánchez
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela University, CIBERER, RICORS, MetabERN, A Coruña, Spain
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Son A, Kim W, Lee W, Park J, Kim H. Applicability of selected reaction monitoring for precise screening tests. Expert Rev Proteomics 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38697802 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2024.2350975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The proactive identification of diseases through screening tests has long been endorsed as a means to preempt symptomatic onset. However, such screening endeavors are fraught with complications, such as diagnostic inaccuracies, procedural risks, and patient unease during examinations. These challenges are amplified when screenings for multiple diseases are administered concurrently. Selected Reaction Monitoring (SRM) offers a unique advantage, allowing for the high-throughput quantification of hundreds of analytes with minimal interferences. AREAS COVERED Our research posits that SRM-based assays, traditionally tailored for single-disease biomarker profiling, can be repurposed for multi-disease screening. This innovative approach has the potential to substantially alleviate time, labor, and cost demands on healthcare systems and patients alike. Nonetheless, there are formidable methodological hurdles to overcome. These include difficulties in detecting low-abundance proteins and the risk of model overfitting due to the multiple functionalities of single proteins across different disease spectrums - issues especially pertinent in blood-based assays where detection sensitivity is constrained. As we move forward, technological strides in sample preparation, online extraction, throughput, and automation are expected to ameliorate these limitations. EXPERT OPINION The maturation of mass spectrometry's integration into clinical laboratories appears imminent, positioning it as an invaluable asset for delivering highly sensitive, reproducible, and precise diagnostic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahrum Son
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Woojin Kim
- Department of Bio-AI convergence Chungnam National University,Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- Department of Bio-AI convergence Chungnam National University,Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jongham Park
- Department of Bio-AI convergence Chungnam National University,Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Kim
- Department of Bio-AI convergence Chungnam National University,Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Convergent Bioscience and Informatics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- SCICS, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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4
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Deja S, Fletcher JA, Kim CW, Kucejova B, Fu X, Mizerska M, Villegas M, Pudelko-Malik N, Browder N, Inigo-Vollmer M, Menezes CJ, Mishra P, Berglund ED, Browning JD, Thyfault JP, Young JD, Horton JD, Burgess SC. Hepatic malonyl-CoA synthesis restrains gluconeogenesis by suppressing fat oxidation, pyruvate carboxylation, and amino acid availability. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1088-1104.e12. [PMID: 38447582 PMCID: PMC11081827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) promotes prandial liver metabolism by producing malonyl-CoA, a substrate for de novo lipogenesis and an inhibitor of CPT-1-mediated fat oxidation. We report that inhibition of ACC also produces unexpected secondary effects on metabolism. Liver-specific double ACC1/2 knockout (LDKO) or pharmacologic inhibition of ACC increased anaplerosis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, and gluconeogenesis by activating hepatic CPT-1 and pyruvate carboxylase flux in the fed state. Fasting should have marginalized the role of ACC, but LDKO mice maintained elevated TCA cycle intermediates and preserved glycemia during fasting. These effects were accompanied by a compensatory induction of proteolysis and increased amino acid supply for gluconeogenesis, which was offset by increased protein synthesis during feeding. Such adaptations may be related to Nrf2 activity, which was induced by ACC inhibition and correlated with fasting amino acids. The findings reveal unexpected roles for malonyl-CoA synthesis in liver and provide insight into the broader effects of pharmacologic ACC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislaw Deja
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Justin A Fletcher
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Chai-Wan Kim
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Blanka Kucejova
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Monika Mizerska
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Morgan Villegas
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Natalia Pudelko-Malik
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nicholas Browder
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Melissa Inigo-Vollmer
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Cameron J Menezes
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Eric D Berglund
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Browning
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA
| | - John P Thyfault
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Internal Medicine and KU Diabetes Institute, Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jamey D Young
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jay D Horton
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA.
| | - Shawn C Burgess
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9046, USA.
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Shen G, Li W, Zhang Y, Chen L. Next-generation sequencing based newborn screening and comparative analysis with MS/MS. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:230. [PMID: 38561707 PMCID: PMC10985934 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newborn screening (NBS), such as tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), may yield false positive/negative results. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has the potential to provide increased data output, efficiencies, and applications. This study aimed to analyze the types and distribution of pathogenic gene mutations in newborns in Huzhou, Zhejiang province, China and explore the applicability of NGS and MS/MS in NBS. METHODS Blood spot samples from 1263 newborns were collected. NGS was employed to screen for pathogenic variants in 542 disease-causing genes, and detected variants were validated using Sanger sequencing. Simultaneously, 26 inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) were screened using MS/MS. Positive or suspicious samples identified through MS/MS were cross-referenced with the results of NGS. RESULTS Among all newborns, 328 had no gene mutations detected. NGS revealed at least one gene mutation in 935 newborns, with a mutation rate of 74.0%. The top 5 genes were FLG, GJB2, UGT1A1, USH2A, and DUOX2. According to American College of Medical Genetics guidelines, gene mutations in 260 cases were classified as pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation, with a positive rate of 20.6%. The top 5 genes were UGT1A1, FLG, GJB2, MEFV, and G6PD. MS/MS identified 18 positive or suspicious samples for IMD and 1245 negative samples. Verification of these cases by NGS results showed no pathogenic mutations, resulting in a false positive rate of 1.4% (18/1263). CONCLUSION NBS using NGS technology broadened the range of diseases screened, and enhanced the accuracy of diagnoses in comparison to MS/MS for screening IMD. Combining NGS and biochemical screening would improve the efficiency of current NBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guosong Shen
- Medical Laboratory Center, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China.
| | - Wenwen Li
- Medical Laboratory Center, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Medical Laboratory Center, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, China
| | - Lyuyan Chen
- Institut for Neuroscience, Technical University of Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
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Millington DS. How mass spectrometry revolutionized newborn screening. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2024; 32:1-10. [PMID: 38333514 PMCID: PMC10847993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This article offers a personal account of a remarkable journey spanning over 30 years of applied mass spectrometry in a clinical setting. It begins with the author's inspiration from a clinician's story of rescuing a child from near death with a revolutionary therapeutic intervention. Motivated by this experience, the author delved into the field of chemistry and mass spectrometry to solve an analytical challenge. The breakthrough came with the development of the first front-line diagnostic test performed by MS/MS, which focused on analyzing acylcarnitines to detect and diagnose inherited disorders related to fatty acid and branched-chain amino acid catabolism. Building upon this success, the author expanded the application of the method to dried blood spots, incorporating additional analytical components such as essential amino acids. The result was a groundbreaking multiplex assay capable of screening newborns for more than 30 inherited metabolic conditions with just one test. This novel approach laid the foundation for a targeted metabolomics platform that facilitated the identification of new animal models of metabolic disease through screening the offspring of genetically modified adults. The development and utilization of MS/MS with UPLC has led to the creation of new assays for biomarkers of metabolic disease, benefiting both the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of these conditions. The article provides compelling examples from the author's laboratory, highlighting the value and vast applications of these methods in the field of metabolic disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Millington
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Durham, NC, USA
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7
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Hernandez N, Lokhnygina Y, Ramaker ME, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer MJ, Crawford ML, Grant RP, Hsia DS, Jain N, Bain JR, Armstrong S, Newgard CB, Freemark M, Gumus Balikcioglu P. Sex Differences in Branched-chain Amino Acid and Tryptophan Metabolism and Pathogenesis of Youth-onset Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1345-e1358. [PMID: 38066593 PMCID: PMC10940256 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin resistance is associated with elevations in plasma branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). BCAAs compete with aromatic amino acids including tryptophan for uptake into β cells. To explore relationships between BCAAs and tryptophan metabolism, adiposity, and glucose tolerance, we compared urine metabolites in overweight/obese youth with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with those in nondiabetic overweight/obese and lean youth. METHODS Metabolites were measured in 24-hour and first-morning urine samples of 56 nondiabetic adolescents with overweight/obesity, 42 adolescents with T2D, and 43 lean controls, aged 12 to 21 years. Group differences were assessed by Kruskal Wallis or ANOVA. RESULTS Groups were comparable for age, pubertal status, and ethnicity. Youth with T2D were predominantly female and had highest percent body fat. BCAAs, branched-chain ketoacids (BCKAs), tryptophan, and kynurenine were higher in urine of subjects with T2D. There were no differences between lean controls and nondiabetic youth with overweight/obesity. T2D was associated with diversion of tryptophan from the serotonin to the kynurenine pathway, with higher urinary kynurenine/serotonin ratio and lower serotonin/tryptophan and 5-HIAA/kynurenine ratios. Urinary BCAAs, BCKAs, tryptophan, and ratios reflecting diversion to the kynurenine pathway correlated positively with metrics of body fat and hemoglobin A1c. Increases in these metabolites in the obese T2D group were more pronounced and statistically significant only in adolescent girls. CONCLUSION Increases in urinary BCAAs and BCKAs in adolescent females with T2D are accompanied by diversion of tryptophan metabolism from the serotonin to the kynurenine pathway. These adaptations associate with higher risks of T2D in obese adolescent females than adolescent males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Hernandez
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yuliya Lokhnygina
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Megan Elizabeth Ramaker
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DMPI), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DMPI), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DMPI), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Matthew L Crawford
- Department of Research and Development, LabCorp, Burlington, NC 27215, USA
| | - Russell P Grant
- Department of Research and Development, LabCorp, Burlington, NC 27215, USA
| | - Daniel S Hsia
- Clinical Trials Unit, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Nina Jain
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - James R Bain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DMPI), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sarah Armstrong
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DMPI), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael Freemark
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DMPI), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Pinar Gumus Balikcioglu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute (DMPI), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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Bush LW, Levy HL. Past as Prologue: Predicting Potential Psychosocial-Ethical Burdens of Positive Newborn Screens as Conditions Propagate. Int J Neonatal Screen 2024; 10:12. [PMID: 38390976 PMCID: PMC10885124 DOI: 10.3390/ijns10010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We look to the past as prologue for guidance in predicting and circumventing potential psychosocial-ethical challenges, including those that may influence the attachment process for some parents. We consider the evolution of bioethics and developmental psychology as they intersect with newborn screening while exploring potential implications of positive findings, be they false positives, true positives, or secondary as well as incidental findings. We reflect on navigating the complex landscape that may be significantly impacted by variable phenotypes, the age of onset, and uncertain prognoses, mindful of the diagnostic odyssey continuum. We explore select facets of ethical and psychological challenges encountered with positive newborn screening findings by highlighting enduring debates to improve the policy process in public health and medicine. We believe substantive empirical research is needed, including long-term follow-up, routine prenatal assessment of tolerance for uncertainties, and especially innovative methodologies to better evaluate potential psychological distress that may be present in some at-risk individuals during the perinatal period preceding and following reports of positive findings. Mitigation strategies building on lessons learned from NBS and clinical follow-up should be implemented and studied. We conclude by pondering why we remain far afield from providing these services. Research directed towards understanding the implications of positive NBS findings will further reduce the burdens on families and care providers alike and should lead to improved communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn W. Bush
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Center for Bioethics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Harvey L. Levy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Luo H, Wang J, Chen J, Yi H, Yang X, Peng Y, Ni L, Yang YQ, Zhang XM, Huang H. Prevalence of inherited metabolic disorders among newborns in Zhuzhou, a southern city in China. Front Genet 2024; 15:1197151. [PMID: 38380423 PMCID: PMC10877023 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1197151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Defective enzymes, cofactors, or transporters of metabolic pathways cause inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs), a group of genetic disorders. Several IMDs have serious consequences for the affected neonates. Newborn screening for IMDs is conducted by measuring specific metabolites between 3 and 7 days of life. Herein, we analyzed the incidence, spectrum, and genetic characteristics of IMDs in newborns in the Zhuzhou area. Methods: Tandem mass spectrometry was conducted on 90,829 newborns who were admitted to the Women and Children Healthcare Hospital of Zhuzhou and requested for screening for IMDs. These newborns were subsequently subjected to next-generation sequencing and further validated using Sanger sequencing. Results: 30 IMDs cases were found in 90,829 cases of newborns screened for IMDs, and the overall incidence was 1/3,027. The incidence of amino acid, organic acid, fatty acid oxidation and urea cycle disorders were 1/8,257, 1/18,165, 1/7,569, and 1/45,414, respectively. Additionally, 9 cases of maternal IMDs were found in our study, and unreported gene mutations of 3 cases IMDs were identified. Conclusion: Our data indicated that IMDs are never uncommon in zhuzhou, meanwhile, we also found that primary carnitine deficiency was the only disorder of fatty acid oxidation in Zhuzhou, and the incidence (1/7,569) was higher than the national level, organic acid metabolic diseases are mostly inherited. Therefore, our study has clarified the disease spectrum and genetic backgrounds, contributing to the treatment and prenatal genetic counseling of these disorders in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunjin Luo
- Women and Children Healthcare Hospital of Zhuzhou, Zhuzhou, Hunan, China
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Chen Y, Yang Y, Zeng Y, Lin Q, Zhao P, Mao B, Qiu X, Huang T, Xu L, Zhu W. Newborn Screening of 6 Lysosomal Storage Disorders by Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023:99228231219336. [PMID: 38135922 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231219336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to screen 6 lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) in neonates using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and establish cutoff values for these LSDs with 3000 dried blood spots (DBS) samples. Cutoff values for α-L-iduronidase (IDUA), α-galactosidase (GLA), acid beta glucosidase (ABG), β-galactocerebrosidase (GALC), acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), and acid alpha glucosidase (GAA) were as follows: GLA, > 2.06 μmol/L·h; ABG, > 1.78 μmol/L·h; ASM, > 0.99 μmol/L·h; IDUA, > 1.33 μmol/L·h; GALC, > 0.84 μmol/L·h; and GAA, > 2.06 μmol/L·h. There were 30 positives in initial MS/MS screening test, and 15 samples were still positive with repeat testing. Their parents/guardians were recontacted and DBS samples were collected again for test. Only 1 child showed abnormal GAA enzyme activity after recontacting process, and was diagnosed with Pompe disease after genetic screening. Eventually, cutoff values of 6 specific enzyme activities were established and MS/MS is effective for early LSDs screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Physical and Chemical Analysis, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yinglin Zeng
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingying Lin
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peiran Zhao
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Mao
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Qiu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- Department of Data Information, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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11
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Upadia J, Noh G, Lefante JJ, Andersson HC. Biochemical and molecular characteristics among infants with abnormal newborn screen for very-long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency: A single center experience. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2023; 37:101002. [PMID: 37671074 PMCID: PMC10475501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2023.101002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To define the biochemical and molecular characteristics and diagnostic outcomes of a large US cohort of VLCAD deficiency positive cases as detected by newborn screening (NBS) with MS:MS. This relatively common disorder of fatty acid oxidation is screened for in every state in America and often results in extensive testing of multiple samples to arrive at a diagnostic conclusion. Materials and methods We compared NBS dried blood spot (DBS) acylcarnitine profile (ACP) C14, C14:1, C14:2, C14:1/C12:1 ratio and plasma C14, C14:1, C14:2, C14:1/C12:1, C14:1/C16 and C14:1/C2 ratios among true positive and false positive cases. Results of VLCAD enzyme analysis, molecular testing and fibroblast fatty acid oxidation probe assay were analyzed. Results The presence of compound heterozygous or homozygous pathogenic variants, along with elevations of C14, C14:1 and C14:1/C12:1 ratio, identified 19 VLCAD deficiency cases. All were asymptomatic at most recent follow-up visits. The C14:1/C12:1 ratio in NBS-DBS ACP and plasma acylcarnitine profiles at follow-up (follow-up plasma ACP), is the most useful marker to differentiate between true and false positive cases. Among all cases with molecular analysis data available, approximately 56.7% had a single pathogenic mutation. Lymphocyte enzyme analysis (n = 61) was uninformative in 23% of cases studied. Conclusion VLCAD deficiency NBS by MS:MS is highly effective at identifying asymptomatic affected infants. Our cohort showed that elevation of C14:1/C12:1, in both NBS DBS and plasma ACP, was informative in discriminating affected from unaffected individuals and contributes to improve the accuracy of confirmatory testing of infants with presumptive positive for VLCAD deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jariya Upadia
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Grace Noh
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - John J. Lefante
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Hans C. Andersson
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
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12
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Park KC, Crump NT, Louwman N, Krywawych S, Cheong YJ, Vendrell I, Gill EK, Gunadasa-Rohling M, Ford KL, Hauton D, Fournier M, Pires E, Watson L, Roseman G, Holder J, Koschinski A, Carnicer R, Curtis MK, Zaccolo M, Hulikova A, Fischer R, Kramer HB, McCullagh JSO, Trefely S, Milne TA, Swietach P. Disrupted propionate metabolism evokes transcriptional changes in the heart by increasing histone acetylation and propionylation. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2023; 2:1221-1245. [PMID: 38500966 PMCID: PMC7615744 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Propiogenic substrates and gut bacteria produce propionate, a post-translational protein modifier. In this study, we used a mouse model of propionic acidaemia (PA) to study how disturbances to propionate metabolism result in histone modifications and changes to gene expression that affect cardiac function. Plasma propionate surrogates were raised in PA mice, but female hearts manifested more profound changes in acyl-CoAs, histone propionylation and acetylation, and transcription. These resulted in moderate diastolic dysfunction with raised diastolic Ca2+, expanded end-systolic ventricular volume and reduced stroke volume. Propionate was traced to histone H3 propionylation and caused increased acetylation genome-wide, including at promoters of Pde9a and Mme, genes related to contractile dysfunction through downscaled cGMP signaling. The less severe phenotype in male hearts correlated with β-alanine buildup. Raising β-alanine in cultured myocytes treated with propionate reduced propionyl-CoA levels, indicating a mechanistic relationship. Thus, we linked perturbed propionate metabolism to epigenetic changes that impact cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chan Park
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas T. Crump
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Present Address: Hugh and Josseline Langmuir Centre for Myeloma Research, Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Niamh Louwman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steve Krywawych
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Yuen Jian Cheong
- Epigenetics & Signalling Programmes, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iolanda Vendrell
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor K. Gill
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Kerrie L. Ford
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Hauton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Lydia Watson
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gerald Roseman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Holder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andreas Koschinski
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ricardo Carnicer
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M. Kate Curtis
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alzbeta Hulikova
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Chinese Academy for Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Holger B. Kramer
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sophie Trefely
- Epigenetics & Signalling Programmes, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas A. Milne
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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Maier EM, Mütze U, Janzen N, Steuerwald U, Nennstiel U, Odenwald B, Schuhmann E, Lotz-Havla AS, Weiss KJ, Hammersen J, Weigel C, Thimm E, Grünert SC, Hennermann JB, Freisinger P, Krämer J, Das AM, Illsinger S, Gramer G, Fang-Hoffmann J, Garbade SF, Okun JG, Hoffmann GF, Kölker S, Röschinger W. Collaborative evaluation study on 18 candidate diseases for newborn screening in 1.77 million samples. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:1043-1062. [PMID: 37603033 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Analytical and therapeutic innovations led to a continuous but variable extension of newborn screening (NBS) programmes worldwide. Every extension requires a careful evaluation of feasibility, diagnostic (process) quality and possible health benefits to balance benefits and limitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of 18 candidate diseases for inclusion in NBS programmes. Utilising tandem mass spectrometry as well as establishing specific diagnostic pathways with second-tier analyses, three German NBS centres designed and conducted an evaluation study for 18 candidate diseases, all of them inherited metabolic diseases. In total, 1 777 264 NBS samples were analysed. Overall, 441 positive NBS results were reported resulting in 68 confirmed diagnoses, 373 false-positive cases and an estimated cumulative prevalence of approximately 1 in 26 000 newborns. The positive predictive value ranged from 0.07 (carnitine transporter defect) to 0.67 (HMG-CoA lyase deficiency). Three individuals were missed and 14 individuals (21%) developed symptoms before the positive NBS results were reported. The majority of tested candidate diseases were found to be suitable for inclusion in NBS programmes, while multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, isolated methylmalonic acidurias, propionic acidemia and malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency showed some and carnitine transporter defect significant limitations. Evaluation studies are an important tool to assess the potential benefits and limitations of expanding NBS programmes to new diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M Maier
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Mütze
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils Janzen
- Screening-Labor Hanover, Hanover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Centre for Children and Adolescents, Kinder- und Jugendkrankenhaus Auf der Bult, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Uta Nennstiel
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Birgit Odenwald
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | | | - Amelie S Lotz-Havla
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina J Weiss
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Hammersen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Corina Weigel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva Thimm
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sarah C Grünert
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julia B Hennermann
- Villa Metabolica, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mainz University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter Freisinger
- Children's Hospital Reutlingen, Klinikum am Steinenberg, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Krämer
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical School, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anibh M Das
- Hanover Medical School, Clinic for Pediatric Kidney-Liver- and Metabolic Diseases, Hanover, Germany
| | - Sabine Illsinger
- Hanover Medical School, Clinic for Pediatric Kidney-Liver- and Metabolic Diseases, Hanover, Germany
| | - Gwendolyn Gramer
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Children's Hospital, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Junmin Fang-Hoffmann
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven F Garbade
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen G Okun
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg F Hoffmann
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wulf Röschinger
- Laboratory Becker MVZ GbR, Newborn Screening Unit, Munich, Germany
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14
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Zhang J, Sun M, Elmaidomy AH, Youssif KA, Zaki AMM, Hassan Kamal H, Sayed AM, Abdelmohsen UR. Emerging trends and applications of metabolomics in food science and nutrition. Food Funct 2023; 14:9050-9082. [PMID: 37740352 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01770b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The study of all chemical processes involving metabolites is known as metabolomics. It has been developed into an essential tool in several disciplines, such as the study of plant physiology, drug development, human diseases, and nutrition. The field of food science, diagnostic biomarker research, etiological analysis in the field of medical therapy, and raw material quality, processing, and safety have all benefited from the use of metabolomics recently. Food metabolomics includes the use of metabolomics in food production, processing, and human diets. As a result of changing consumer habits and the rising of food industries all over the world, there is a remarkable increase in interest in food quality and safety. It requires the employment of various technologies for the food supply chain, processing of food, and even plant breeding. This can be achieved by understanding the metabolome of food, including its biochemistry and composition. Additionally, Food metabolomics can be used to determine the similarities and differences across crop kinds, as an indicator for tracking the process of ripening to increase crops' shelf life and attractiveness, and identifying metabolites linked to pathways responsible for postharvest disorders. Moreover, nutritional metabolomics is used to investigate the connection between diet and human health through detection of certain biomarkers. This review assessed and compiled literature on food metabolomics research with an emphasis on metabolite extraction, detection, and data processing as well as its applications to the study of food nutrition, food-based illness, and phytochemical analysis. Several studies have been published on the applications of metabolomics in food but further research concerning the use of standard reproducible procedures must be done. The results published showed promising uses in the food industry in many areas such as food production, processing, and human diets. Finally, metabolome-wide association studies (MWASs) could also be a useful predictor to detect the connection between certain diseases and low molecular weight biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Mingna Sun
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Abeer H Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Khayrya A Youssif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Saleheya El Gadida University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adham M M Zaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hossam Hassan Kamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62513 Beni-Suef, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Almaaqal University, 61014 Basra, Iraq
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
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15
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Issa J, Lodewyckx P, Blasco H, Benz‐de‐Bretagne I, Labarthe F, Lefort B. Increased acylcarnitines in infant heart failure indicate fatty acid oxidation inhibition: towards therapeutic options? ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:3114-3122. [PMID: 37614055 PMCID: PMC10567663 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure in adults is characterized by reduction of long-chain fatty acid oxidation in favour of carbohydrate metabolism. This adaptive phenomenon becomes maladaptive because energy conversion decreases and lipid toxic derivatives known to impair cardiac function are accumulating. No data are available concerning metabolic modification in heart failure in children. METHODS AND RESULTS In order to evaluate the fatty acid oxidation in children suffering from heart failure, acylcarnitine profiles on dried blood spots were obtained from children under 16 years old with dilated cardiomyopathy and clinical heart failure (DCM-HF) and control children. Nine children were included in the DCM-HF group and eight in the control group. Acylcarnitine profiles revealed a significant 3.1-fold increase of total acylcarnitines (sum of C3 to C18 acylcarnitine species) in DCM-HF children compared with controls. This result persisted considering the sum of long-chain acylcarnitines (sum of C14 to C18 species), medium-chain acylcarnitines (sum of C8 to C12 species), and short-chain acylcarnitines (sum of C3 to C6 species), respectively, 2.0-, 2.6-, and 1.9-fold increase compared with the control group. A significant linear correlation was found between left ventricular dilatation or ejection fraction and acylcarnitines accumulation. Finally, acylcarnitine ratio C16OH/C16 and C18OH/C18 enhanced in the DCM-HF group, suggesting a diminution of the long-chain hydroxyl acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest down-regulation of fatty acid oxidation in children with heart failure. Such lipidomic alteration could worsen heart function and may suggest considering a metabolic treatment of heart failure in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Issa
- Institut des Cardiopathies Congénitales de Tours, Hôpital Gatien de ClochevilleCHU Tours49 Boulevard BérangerTours37000France
- Université François RabelaisToursFrance
| | - Pierre Lodewyckx
- Institut des Cardiopathies Congénitales de Tours, Hôpital Gatien de ClochevilleCHU Tours49 Boulevard BérangerTours37000France
- Université François RabelaisToursFrance
| | - Hélène Blasco
- Université François RabelaisToursFrance
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie MoléculaireCHU ToursToursFrance
| | | | - François Labarthe
- Université François RabelaisToursFrance
- Département de PédiatrieCHU de ToursToursFrance
- INSERM UMR 1069ToursFrance
| | - Bruno Lefort
- Institut des Cardiopathies Congénitales de Tours, Hôpital Gatien de ClochevilleCHU Tours49 Boulevard BérangerTours37000France
- Université François RabelaisToursFrance
- INSERM UMR 1069ToursFrance
- FHU PreciCareToursFrance
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16
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Vianey-Saban C, Guffon N, Fouilhoux A, Acquaviva C. Fifty years of research on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders: The remaining challenges. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:848-873. [PMID: 37530674 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the identification of the first disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects (FAOD) in 1973, more than 20 defects have been identified. Although there are some differences, most FAOD have similar clinical signs, which are mainly due to energy depletion and toxicity of accumulated metabolites. However, some of them have an unusual clinical phenotype or specific clinical signs. This manuscript focuses on what we have learnt so far on the pathophysiology of these disorders, which present with clinical signs that are not typical of categorical FAOD. It also highlights that some disorders have not yet been identified and tries to make assumptions to explain why. It also deals with new treatments under consideration in FAOD, including triheptanoin and similar anaplerotic substrates, ketone body treatments, RNA and gene therapy approaches. Finally, it suggests challenges for the diagnosis of FAOD in the coming years, both for symptomatic patients and for those diagnosed through newborn screening. The ultimate goal would be to identify all the patients born with FAOD and ensure for them the best possible quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Vianey-Saban
- Biochemical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Metabolic Inborn Errors of Metabolism Unit, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Nathalie Guffon
- National Reference Centre for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Alain Fouilhoux
- National Reference Centre for Hereditary Metabolic Diseases, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Cécile Acquaviva
- Biochemical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Metabolic Inborn Errors of Metabolism Unit, Groupement Hospitalier Est, CHU de Lyon, Bron, France
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17
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Caglayan M, Gonel A, Tayman C, Cakir U, Koyuncu I, Temiz E, Sert Y. Investigation of the effect of vitamin K1 prophylaxis on newborn screenings tests in newborns. J Med Biochem 2023; 42:376-382. [PMID: 37814616 PMCID: PMC10560507 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-40162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Routine screening for hereditary disorders in newborns includes screening for treatable metabolic and endocrine disorders, such as biotidinase deficiency, galactosemia, maple syrup urine disease, hypothyroidism, and cystic fibrosis. Incorrect test results may be encountered due to the use of vitamin K1. To investigate the interference effect of vitamin K1 on neonatal screening tests and to raise awareness of erroneous measurements. Methods Heel blood samples were taken from 25 newborns born in a neonatal intensive care unit. Dry blood C0, C2, C3, C4, C4DC, C5:1, C5OH, C5DC, C6, C6DC, C8, C8:1, C8DC, C10, C10:1, C10DC, C12, C14, C14:1, C14:2, C16, C16:1, C18, C18:1, C18:2, C18:OH, methylglutaryl, valine, leucine/isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, argininosuccinic acid, aspartate, alanine, arginine, citrulline, glycine, ornithine, and glutamate tests were studied using the tandem mass spectrometry (MS) method. The results of the heel blood samples obtained before and after the application of vitamin K1 (Phyto menadione) were compared. Results In two studies conducted with in vitro and in vivo tests, C0, C2, C3, C4, C4DC, C5, C5OH, C6, C8, C10, C10:1, C14, C16, C16:1, C18, C18:1, methylglutaryl, phenylalanine, argininosuccinic acid, tyrosine, aspartate, arginine, citrulline, glycine, and glutamine were all significantly elevated (p < 0.05). Conclusions Heel blood samples may yield false results due to vitamin K1 administration. In the case of doubtful results, a new sample should be taken and the measurement should be repeated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Caglayan
- Health Science University, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ataman Gonel
- Hasan Kalyoncu University, Faculty of Health Science, Medical Park Gaziantep Hastanesi, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Tayman
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Cakir
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Harran University, Medicine Faculty, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ebru Temiz
- Harran University, Health Services Vocational School, Program of Medical Promotion and Marketing, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Sert
- Ankara City Hospital, Department of Gynecology Obstetrics, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Rousseau AF, Dongier A, Colson C, Minguet P, Defraigne JO, Minguet G, Misset B, Boemer F. Serum Acylcarnitines Profile in Critically Ill Survivors According to Illness Severity and ICU Length of Stay: An Observational Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102392. [PMID: 37242275 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The acylcarnitine (AC) profile has been shown to be altered in survivors of a prolonged stay in intensive care unit (ICU), with higher short-chain derivates compared to reference ranges. The present study aimed at describing the AC profile of patients surviving a short ICU stay versus patients surviving a >7-day multiple organ dysfunction. Patients discharged from ICU after an elective and non-complicated cardiac surgery (CS) were recruited. For each CS, one to two adults, matched for gender and age, were recruited among patients enrolled in our post-ICU follow-up program after an ICU stay ≥7 days (PS). In both groups, the AC profile was determined during the week following ICU discharge. A total of 50 CS patients (SAPS II 23 (18-27)) survived an ICU stay of 2 (2-3) days and were matched to 85 PS patients (SAPS II 36 (28-51), p < 0.001) who survived an ICU stay of 11 (8-15.5) days. No carnitine deficiency was observed in either group. Their total AC/C0 ratio was similar: 0.355 (0.268-0.415) and 0.358 (0.289-0.417), respectively (p = 0.391). A ratio >0.4 representing a disturbed mitochondrial metabolism was observed in 26/85 (30.6%) PS patients and in 15/50 (30%) CS patients (p > 0.999). The long-chain ACs were elevated in both groups, with a greater increase in the CS group. The short-chain ACs were higher in the PS group: 1.520 (1.178-1.974) vs. 1.185 (0.932-1.895) μmol/L (p < 0.001). The role of the AC profile as potential marker of catabolism and/or mitochondrial dysfunction during the critical illness trajectory should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Françoise Rousseau
- Intensive Care Department and Burn Centre, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- GIGA-Research, GIGA-I3 Thematic Unit, Inflammation and Enhanced Rehabilitation Laboratory (Intensive Care), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Alice Dongier
- Intensive Care Department and Burn Centre, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Camille Colson
- Intensive Care Department and Burn Centre, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pauline Minguet
- Intensive Care Department and Burn Centre, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Olivier Defraigne
- Cardiovascular Surgery Department, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Grégory Minguet
- GIGA-Research, GIGA-I3 Thematic Unit, Inflammation and Enhanced Rehabilitation Laboratory (Intensive Care), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Anesthesiology Department, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Benoit Misset
- Intensive Care Department and Burn Centre, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - François Boemer
- Biochemical Genetics Lab, Department of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Liège, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Appelberg K, Sörensen L, Zetterström RH, Henriksson M, Wedell A, Levin LÅ. Cost-Effectiveness of Newborn Screening for Phenylketonuria and Congenital Hypothyroidism. J Pediatr 2023; 256:38-43.e3. [PMID: 36495999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2022.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term costs and health effects of the Swedish newborn screening program for classic phenylketonuria (PKU) alone and in combination with congenital hypothyroidism compared with no screening. STUDY DESIGN A decision-analytic model was developed to estimate and compare the long-term (80 years) costs and health effects of newborn screening for PKU and congenital hypothyroidism. Data were obtained from the literature and translated to Swedish conditions. A societal perspective was taken, including costs falling on health care providers, municipal care and services, as well as production loss due to morbidity. RESULTS Screening 100 000 newborns for PKU resulted in 73 gained quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) compared with no screening. When adding congenital hypothyroidism, the number of gained QALYs was 232 compared with PKU alone, adding up to a total of 305 QALYs gained. Corresponding cost estimates were $80.8, $70.3, and $10.05 million USD for no screening, PKU screening, and PKU plus congenital hypothyroidism screening, respectively, indicating that screening for PKU plus congenital hypothyroidism was more effective and less costly compared with the other strategies. The majority of cost savings with PKU plus congenital hypothyroidism screening was due to reductions in productivity losses and municipal care and services costs. CONCLUSION The Swedish newborn screening program for PKU and congenital hypothyroidism saves substantial costs for society while generating additional QALYs, emphasizing the importance of public investments in early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa Appelberg
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Lene Sörensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf H Zetterström
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Wedell
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars-Åke Levin
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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20
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Meiouet F, El Kabbaj S, Abilkassem R, Boemer F. Moroccan Experience of Targeted Screening for Inborn Errors of Metabolism by Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:227-236. [PMID: 36976725 PMCID: PMC10058188 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expanded newborn screening using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), such as organic acidemias (OAs), fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs), and amino acid disorders (AAs), is increasingly popular but has not yet been introduced in Africa. With this study, we aim to establish the disease spectrum and frequency of inborn errors of OAs, FAODs, and AAs in Morocco. METHODS Selective screening was performed among infants and children suspected to be affected with IEM between 2016 and 2021. Amino acids and acylcarnitines spotted on filter paper were analyzed using MS/MS. RESULTS Out of 1178 patients with a clinical suspicion, 137 (11.62%) were diagnosed with IEM, of which 121 (88.3%) patients suffered from amino acids disorders, 11 (8%) were affected by FAOD, and 5 (3.7%) by an OA. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that various types of IEM are also present in Morocco. Furthermore, MS/MS is an indispensable tool for early diagnosis and management of this group of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faïza Meiouet
- Laboratoire de Recherche et d'Analyses Médicales de la Gendarmerie Royale, Avenue Ibn Sina, Agdal, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Sâad El Kabbaj
- Laboratoire de Recherche et d'Analyses Médicales de la Gendarmerie Royale, Avenue Ibn Sina, Agdal, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Rachid Abilkassem
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Militaire d'Instruction Mohamed V, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - François Boemer
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Génétique, Centre de Maladies Métaboliques, CHU Sart-Tilman, CHU Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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21
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Vockley J, Aartsma-Rus A, Cohen JL, Cowsert LM, Howell RR, Yu TW, Wasserstein MP, Defay T. Whole-genome sequencing holds the key to the success of gene-targeted therapies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2023; 193:19-29. [PMID: 36453229 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Rare genetic disorders affect as many as 3%-5% of all babies born. Approximately 10,000 such disorders have been identified or hypothesized to exist. Treatment is supportive except in a limited number of instances where specific therapies exist. Development of new therapies has been hampered by at least two major factors: difficulty in diagnosing diseases early enough to enable treatment before irreversible damage occurs, and the high cost of developing new drugs and getting them approved by regulatory agencies. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) techniques have become exponentially less expensive and more rapid since the beginning of the human genome project, such that return of clinical data can now be achieved in days rather than years and at a cost that is comparable to other less expansive genetic testing. Thus, it is likely that WGS will ultimately become a mainstream, first-tier NBS technique at least for those disorders without appropriate high-throughput functional tests. However, there are likely to be several steps in the evolution to this end. The clinical implications of these advances are profound but highlight the bottlenecks in drug development that still limit transition to treatments. This article summarizes discussions arising from a recent National Institute of Health conference on nucleic acid therapy, with a focus on the impact of WGS in the identification of diagnosis and treatment of rare genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lex M Cowsert
- National Phenylketonuria Alliance, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - R Rodney Howell
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Timothy W Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa P Wasserstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Defay
- Alexion AstraZeneca Rare Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Perrone S, Grassi F, Caporilli C, Boscarino G, Carbone G, Petrolini C, Gambini LM, Di Peri A, Moretti S, Buonocore G, Esposito SMR. Brain Damage in Preterm and Full-Term Neonates: Serum Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis and Intervention. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020309. [PMID: 36829868 PMCID: PMC9952571 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Brain is vulnerable to numerous insults that can act in the pre-, peri-, and post-natal period. There is growing evidence that demonstrate how oxidative stress (OS) could represent the final common pathway of all these insults. Fetuses and newborns are particularly vulnerable to OS due to their inability to active the antioxidant defenses. Specific molecules involved in OS could be measured in biologic fluids as early biomarkers of neonatal brain injury with an essential role in neuroprotection. Although S-100B seems to be the most studied biomarker, its use in clinical practice is limited by the complexity of brain damage etiopathogenesis and the time of blood sampling in relation to the brain injury. Reliable early specific serum markers are currently lacking in clinical practice. It is essential to determine if there are specific biomarkers that can help caregivers to monitor the progression of the disease in order to active an early neuroprotective strategy. We aimed to describe, in an educational review, the actual evidence on serum biomarkers for the early identification of newborns at a high risk of neurological diseases. To move the biomarkers from the bench to the bedside, the assays must be not only be of a high sensitivity but suitable for the very rapid processing and return of the results for the clinical practice to act on. For the best prognosis, more studies should focus on the association of these biomarkers to the type and severity of perinatal brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafina Perrone
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Federica Grassi
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Caporilli
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Boscarino
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Carbone
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, University of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Petrolini
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Lucia Maria Gambini
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Peri
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Sabrina Moretti
- Neonatology Unit, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Buonocore
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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23
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Plumb RS, Gethings LA, Rainville PD, Isaac G, Trengove R, King AM, Wilson ID. Advances in high throughput LC/MS based metabolomics: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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24
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Ding S, Han L. Newborn screening for genetic disorders: Current status and prospects for the future. Pediatr Investig 2022; 6:291-298. [PMID: 36582269 PMCID: PMC9789938 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) is a public health service aimed at identifying infants with severe genetic disorders, thus providing effective treatment early enough to prevent or ameliorate the onset of symptoms. Current NBS uses biochemical analysis of dried blood spots, predominately with time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay and tandem mass spectrometry, which produces some false positives and false negatives. The application of enzymatic activity-based testing technology provides a reliable screening method for some disorders. Genetic testing is now commonly used for secondary or confirmatory testing after a positive result in some NBS programs. Recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a robust tool that enables large panels of genes to be scanned together rapidly. Rapid advances in NGS emphasize the potential for genomic sequencing to improve NBS programs. However, some challenges still remain and require solution before this is applied for population screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ding
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lianshu Han
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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25
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Mütze U, Mengler K, Boy N, Gleich F, Opladen T, Garbade SF, Kölker S. How longitudinal observational studies can guide screening strategy for rare diseases. J Inherit Metab Dis 2022; 45:889-901. [PMID: 35488475 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) is an important secondary prevention program, aiming to shift the paradigm of medicine to the pre-clinical stage of a disease. Starting more than 50 years ago, technical advances, such as tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), paved the way to a continuous extension of NBS programs. However, formal evidence of the long-term clinical benefits in large cohorts and cost-effectiveness of extended NBS programs is still scarce. Although published studies confirmed important benefits of NBS programs, it also unraveled a significant number of limitations. These include an incompletely understood natural history and phenotypic diversity of some screened diseases, unreliable early and precise prediction of individual disease severity, uncertainty about case definition, risk stratification, and indication to treat, resulting in a diagnostic and treatment dilemma in individuals with ambiguous screening and confirmatory test results. Interoperable patient registries are multi-purpose tools that could help to close the current knowledge gaps and to inform further optimization of NBS strategy. Standing at the edge of introducing high throughput genetic technologies to NBS programs with the opportunity to massively extend NBS programs and with the risk of aggravating current limitations of NBS programs, it seems overdue to include mandatory long-term follow-up of NBS cohorts into the list of screening principles and to build an international collaborative framework that enables data collection and exchange in a protected environment, integrating the perspectives of patients, families, and the society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Mütze
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Mengler
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolas Boy
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Gleich
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Opladen
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven F Garbade
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kölker
- Division of Child Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Yu M, Xu J, Song X, Du J. Cost-effectiveness analysis of newborn screening by tandem mass spectrometry in Shenzhen, China: value and affordability of new screening technology. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:1039. [PMID: 35971172 PMCID: PMC9376130 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08394-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Newborn screening (NBS) can prevent inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs), which may cause long-term disability and even death in newborns. However, in China, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) screening has just started. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of NBS using MS/MS in Shenzhen under the nationally recommended program, as well as evaluate the value and affordability of introducing this new screening technology. Methods A Markov model was built to estimate the cost and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of different screening programs. We compared PKU screening using traditional immunofluorescence (IF) with the other 11 IEMs not screened and all 12 IEMs screened using MS/MS, and the programs detecting different numbers of IEMs chosen from the national recommended program were also compared. A sensitivity analysis and budget impact analysis (BIA) were performed. Results The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of detecting all 12 IEMs in the national program is 277,823 RMB per QALY, below three times per capita GDP in Shenzhen. MS/MS screening in Shenzhen can be cost-effective only if at least three diseases (PKU, PCD and MMA) are covered and when the screening program covers five diseases (PKU, PCD, MMA, MSUD, IVA), the ICER closely approaches its critical threshold. The BIA indicated the implementation cost of the national program to be around 490 million RMB over 10 years and showed no difference in budget between programs detecting different numbers of IEMs. Conclusions We conclude that the newborn screening using MS/MS in Shenzhen is cost-effective, and the budget affordable for the Shenzhen government. Two concepts for selecting the IEMs to be detected are also presented. One is to choose the most cost-effective screening programs detecting highest number of IEMs to achieve a minimal ICER. The other considers the curability and affordability of the disease as the basis of healthcare decisions to screen suitable IEMs, achieving an ICER under the threshold and close to the minimum value. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-08394-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingren Yu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Xu
- School of Medicine and Health Management, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,Hubei Provincial Research Center for Health Technology Assessment, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaohong Song
- Department of Family Development and Maternal and Child Health, Shenzhen Municipal Health Commission, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayue Du
- Department of Science and Education, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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27
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Ruoppolo M, Malvagia S, Boenzi S, Carducci C, Dionisi-Vici C, Teofoli F, Burlina A, Angeloni A, Aronica T, Bordugo A, Bucci I, Camilot M, Carbone MT, Cardinali R, Carducci C, Cassanello M, Castana C, Cazzorla C, Ciatti R, Ferrari S, Frisso G, Funghini S, Furlan F, Gasperini S, Gragnaniello V, Guzzetti C, La Marca G, La Spina L, Lorè T, Meli C, Messina M, Morrone A, Nardecchia F, Ortolano R, Parenti G, Pavanello E, Pieragostino D, Pillai S, Porta F, Righetti F, Rossi C, Rovelli V, Salina A, Santoro L, Sauro P, Schiaffino MC, Simonetti S, Vincenzi M, Tarsi E, Uccheddu AP. Expanded Newborn Screening in Italy Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Two Years of National Experience. Int J Neonatal Screen 2022; 8:ijns8030047. [PMID: 35997437 PMCID: PMC9397032 DOI: 10.3390/ijns8030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) for inborn errors of metabolism is one of the most advanced tools for secondary prevention in medicine, as it allows early diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation. The expanded newborn screening was introduced in Italy between 2016 and 2017 (Law 167/2016; DM 13 October 2016; DPCM 12-1-2017). A total of 1,586,578 infants born in Italy were screened between January 2017 and December 2020. For this survey, we collected data from 15 Italian screening laboratories, focusing on the metabolic disorders identified by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) based analysis between January 2019 and December 2020. Aminoacidemias were the most common inborn errors in Italy, and an equal percentage was observed in detecting organic acidemias and mitochondrial fatty acids beta-oxidation defects. Second-tier tests are widely used in most laboratories to reduce false positives. For example, second-tier tests for methylmalonic acid and homocysteine considerably improved the screening of CblC without increasing unnecessary recalls. Finally, the newborn screening allowed us to identify conditions that are mainly secondary to a maternal deficiency. We describe the goals reached since the introduction of the screening in Italy by exchanging knowledge and experiences among the laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Malvagia
- Newborn Screening, Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology Lab, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Boenzi
- Division of Metabolic Disease, Bambino Gesù Childrens Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Carducci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Dionisi-Vici
- Division of Metabolic Disease, Bambino Gesù Childrens Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Teofoli
- Department of Mother and Child, The Regional Center for Neonatal Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Inherited Congenital Metabolic and Endocrinological Diseases, AOUI, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Antonio Angeloni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bordugo
- Inherited Metabolic Disease Unit, Pediatric Department, AOUI, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Ines Bucci
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) and Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Camilot
- Department of Mother and Child, The Regional Center for Neonatal Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Inherited Congenital Metabolic and Endocrinological Diseases, AOUI, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Cardinali
- U.O.S.D. Screening Neonatale e Patologia Clinica AOU Policlinico Consorziale Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXII Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Carducci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Cassanello
- LABSIEM (Laboratory for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism), Pediatric Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Cazzorla
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Renzo Ciatti
- Centro Screening Neonatale Regione Marche, U.O.C. Neuropsichiatria Infantile—A.O. Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Simona Ferrari
- UO Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Funghini
- Newborn Screening, Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology Lab, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Furlan
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pediatria Alta Intensità di Cura, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vincenza Gragnaniello
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Guzzetti
- SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico “A. Cao”, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo La Marca
- Newborn Screening, Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology Lab, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Luisa La Spina
- Laboratorio Screening Neonatale—Clinica Pediatrica AOU Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Tania Lorè
- U.O.S.D. Screening Neonatale e Patologia Clinica AOU Policlinico Consorziale Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXII Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Concetta Meli
- Laboratorio Screening Neonatale—Clinica Pediatrica AOU Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - MariaAnna Messina
- Laboratorio Screening Neonatale—Clinica Pediatrica AOU Policlinico “G. Rodolico-San Marco”, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Amelia Morrone
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Neurometabolic Diseases, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Nardecchia
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze Umane—Unità di Neuropsichiatria Infantile Università Roma Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Ortolano
- UO Pediatria, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Enza Pavanello
- SS Screening Prenatale e Neonatale, SC Biochimica Clinica, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) and Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Pillai
- SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico “A. Cao”, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesco Porta
- SC Pediatria-Malattie Metaboliche, Ospedale Infantile Regina Margherita AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Righetti
- Centro Laboratoristico Regionale di Riferimento Screening Neonatale e Malattie Endocrino-Metaboliche UO Pediatria IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Rossi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST) and Department of Psychological, Health and Territory Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovelli
- Clinical Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, University of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Salina
- LABSIEM (Laboratory for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism), Pediatric Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Pina Sauro
- SS Screening Prenatale e Neonatale, SC Biochimica Clinica, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Simonetta Simonetti
- U.O.S.D. Screening Neonatale e Patologia Clinica AOU Policlinico Consorziale Ospedale Pediatrico Giovanni XXII Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Vincenzi
- Department of Mother and Child, The Regional Center for Neonatal Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Inherited Congenital Metabolic and Endocrinological Diseases, AOUI, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tarsi
- Centro Screening Neonatale Regione Marche, U.O.C. Neuropsichiatria Infantile—A.O. Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Uccheddu
- SSD Endocrinologia Pediatrica e Centro Screening Neonatale, Ospedale Pediatrico Microcitemico “A. Cao”, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
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The Progress and Future of US Newborn Screening. Int J Neonatal Screen 2022; 8:ijns8030041. [PMID: 35892471 PMCID: PMC9326622 DOI: 10.3390/ijns8030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in newborn screening (NBS) has been driven for 60 years by developments in science and technology, growing consumer advocacy, the actions of providers involved in the care of rare disease patients, and by federal and State government funding and policies. With the current explosion of clinical trials of treatments for rare diseases, the pressure for expansion has grown, and concerns about the capacity for improvement and growth are being expressed. Genome and exome sequencing (GS/ES) have now opened more opportunities for early identification and disease prevention at all points in the lifespan. The greatest challenge facing NBS stems from the conditions most amenable to screening, and new treatment development is that we are screening for rare genetic diseases. In addition, understanding the spectrum of severity requires vast amounts of population and genomic data. We propose recommendations on improving the NBS system and addressing specific demands to grow its capacity by: better defining the criteria by which screening targets are established; financing the NBS system's responsiveness to opportunities for expansion, including engagement and funding from stakeholders; creating a national quality assurance, data, IT, and communications infrastructure; and improving intra-governmental communications. While our recommendations may be specific to the United States, the underlying issues should be considered when working to improve NBS programs globally.
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Yost RA. Why tandem mass spectrometry for trace analysis: Concepts of tandem analytical techniques. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9310. [PMID: 35384102 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, typically in combination with a gas or liquid chromatograph (GC/MS/MS and LC/MS/MS), is perhaps the most iconic example today of a tandem analytical instrument. Here I present the concepts of tandem or hyphenated techniques for trace analysis (that is, the detection and/or quantitation of one or more analytes present in a mixture at low levels). METHODS This tutorial presents the principles of tandem trace analytical techniques such as GC/MS/MS and LC/MS/MS, including the capabilities and requirements for such tandem techniques, the role of sensitivity and selectivity in tandem techniques, ways to assess the "informing power" of these techniques, and a comparison of tandem techniques with individual techniques at high resolution. These points are illustrated with several examples of trace analysis using tandem analytical techniques. RESULTS Several characteristics of the triple quadrupole have made it the "laboratory workhorse" for trace analysis, including the remarkable efficiency of the low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) process in a radiofrequency (RF)-only multipole collision cell, the ease of computer control, and the capability for rapid scanning, rapid switching from mass to mass, and high transmission efficiency, enabling a wide variety of MS/MS scans. The efficiency of selected reaction monitoring means that triple quadrupoles dominate MS/MS for detection and quantitation of targeted compounds. CONCLUSIONS This special issue addresses the intriguing question of how the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer progressed from "bleeding edge" to "the laboratory workhorse" over the last 40 years. This tutorial on the principles of tandem trace analytical techniques provides perspectives and insights into answering that question and should help educate the novice and stimulate the sophisticate.
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Altered Serum Acylcarnitines Profile after a Prolonged Stay in Intensive Care. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051122. [PMID: 35268097 PMCID: PMC8912811 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A stay in intensive care unit (ICU) exposes patients to a risk of carnitine deficiency. Moreover, acylated derivates of carnitine (acylcarnitines, AC) are biomarkers for metabolic mitochondrial dysfunction that have been linked to post-ICU disorders. This study aimed to describe the AC profile of survivors of a prolonged ICU stay (≥7 days). Survivors enrolled in our post-ICU clinic between September 2020 and July 2021 were included. Blood analysis was routinely performed during the days after ICU discharge, focusing on metabolic markers and including AC profile. Serum AC concentrations were determined by LC-MS/MS and were compared to the reference ranges (RR) established from serum samples of 50 non-hospitalized Belgian adults aged from 18 to 81 years. A total 162 patients (65.4% males, age 67 (58.7−73) years) survived an ICU stay of 9.7 (7.1−19.3) days and were evaluated 5 (3−8) days after discharge. Their AC profile was significantly different compared to RR, mostly in terms of short chain AC: the sum of C3, C4 and C5 derivates reached 1.36 (0.98−1.99) and 0.86 (0.66−0.99) µmol/L respectively (p < 0.001). Free carnitine (C0) concentration of survivors (46.06 (35.04−56.35) µmol/L) was similar to RR (43.64 (36.43−52.96) µmol/L) (p = 0.55). C0 below percentile 2.5 of RR was observed in 6/162 (3.7%) survivors. Their total AC/C0 ratio was 0.33 (0.22−0.42). A ratio above 0.4 was observed in 45/162 (27.8%) patients. In ICU survivors, carnitine deficiency was rare, but AC profile was altered and AC/C0 ratio was abnormal in more than 25%. The value of AC profile as a marker of post-ICU dysmetabolism needs further investigations.
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Martín‐Rivada Á, Palomino Pérez L, Ruiz‐Sala P, Navarrete R, Cambra Conejero A, Quijada Fraile P, Moráis López A, Belanger‐Quintana A, Martín‐Hernández E, Bellusci M, Cañedo Villaroya E, Chumillas Calzada S, García Silva MT, Bergua Martínez A, Stanescu S, Martínez‐Pardo Casanova M, Ruano MLF, Ugarte M, Pérez B, Pedrón‐Giner C. Diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism within the expanded newborn screening in the Madrid region. JIMD Rep 2022; 63:146-161. [PMID: 35281663 PMCID: PMC8898721 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the results of our experience in the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) since the Expanded Newborn Screening was implemented in our Region. Dried blood samples were collected 48 h after birth. Amino acids and acylcarnitines were quantitated by mass spectrometry (MS)/MS. Newborns with alterations were referred to the clinical centers for follow‐up. Biochemical and molecular genetic studies for confirmation of a disease were performed. In the period 2011 to 2019, 592 822 children were screened: 902 of them were referred for abnormal results. An IEM was confirmed in 222 (1/2670): aminoacidopathies: 89 hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) (51 benign HPA, 32 phenylketonuria, 4 DNAJC12 defect, and 2 primapterinuria), 6 hypermethioninemia, 3 tyrosinemia type 1 (TYR‐1), 1 TYR‐3, 4 maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), 2 branched‐chain amino acid transferase 2 deficiency, 2 homocystinuria, 1 cystinuria, 2 ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, 2 citrullinemia type I (CTLN1); FAO defects: 43 medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), 13 very long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, 2 long‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHADD), 1 multiple acyl‐coA dehydrogenation deficiency, 11 systemic primary carnitine deficiency, 2 carnitine palmitoyltransferase type 2 (CPT‐II) deficiency, 1 CPT‐I deficiency; organic acidurias: 12 glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA‐1), 4 methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), 7 MMA including combined cases with homocystinuria (MMAHC), 6 propionic acidemia (PA), 7 3‐methylcrotonyl‐CoA carboxylase, 1 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA lyase deficiency lyase deficiency. Only 19 infants (8.5%) were symptomatic at newborn screening result (1 LCHADD, 5 PA, 1 CPT‐II deficiency, 1 MMA, 3 MMAHC, 2 MSUD, 2 OTC deficiency, 1 CTLN1, 1 MCADD, 2 TYR‐1). No false negative cases were identified. Genetic diagnosis was conclusive in all biochemically confirmed cases, except for two infants with HPA, identifying pathogenic variants in 32 different genes. The conditions with the highest incidence were HPA (1/6661) and MCAD deficiencies (1/13 787).
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Martín‐Rivada
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Madrid Spain
| | - Laura Palomino Pérez
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Madrid Spain
| | - Pedro Ruiz‐Sala
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, CIBERER Madrid Spain
| | - Rosa Navarrete
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, CIBERER Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Cambra Conejero
- Laboratorio de Cribado Neonatal de la Comunidad de Madrid Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain
| | - Pilar Quijada Fraile
- Unidad de Enfermedades Mitocondriales‐Metabólicas Hereditarias Centro de Referencia Nacional (CSUR) y Europeo (MetabERN) en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Moráis López
- Unidad de Nutrición Infantil y Enfermedades Metabólicas Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid Spain
| | - Amaya Belanger‐Quintana
- Centro de Referencia Nacional (CSUR) en Enfermedades Metabólicas Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Martín‐Hernández
- Unidad de Enfermedades Mitocondriales‐Metabólicas Hereditarias Centro de Referencia Nacional (CSUR) y Europeo (MetabERN) en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain
| | - Marcello Bellusci
- Unidad de Enfermedades Mitocondriales‐Metabólicas Hereditarias Centro de Referencia Nacional (CSUR) y Europeo (MetabERN) en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain
| | - Elvira Cañedo Villaroya
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Madrid Spain
| | - Silvia Chumillas Calzada
- Unidad de Enfermedades Mitocondriales‐Metabólicas Hereditarias Centro de Referencia Nacional (CSUR) y Europeo (MetabERN) en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain
| | - María Teresa García Silva
- Unidad de Enfermedades Mitocondriales‐Metabólicas Hereditarias Centro de Referencia Nacional (CSUR) y Europeo (MetabERN) en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Madrid Spain
| | - Ana Bergua Martínez
- Unidad de Nutrición Infantil y Enfermedades Metabólicas Hospital Universitario La Paz Madrid Spain
| | - Sinziana Stanescu
- Centro de Referencia Nacional (CSUR) en Enfermedades Metabólicas Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal Madrid Spain
| | | | - Miguel L. F. Ruano
- Laboratorio de Cribado Neonatal de la Comunidad de Madrid Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Madrid Spain
| | - Magdalena Ugarte
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, CIBERER Madrid Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPAZ, CIBERER Madrid Spain
| | - Consuelo Pedrón‐Giner
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús Madrid Spain
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Wilson S, Steele S, Adeli K. Innovative technological advancements in laboratory medicine: Predicting the lab of the future. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.2011413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan Wilson
- Clinical Biochemistry, Pediatric Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shannon Steele
- Clinical Biochemistry, Pediatric Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Khosrow Adeli
- Clinical Biochemistry, Pediatric Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Al-Bari AA. Current Scenario and Future Direction of Newborn Screening and Management Program for Phenylketonuria in Bangladesh. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2326-4594-jiems-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Balci MC, Karaca M, Ergul Y, Omeroglu RE, Demirkol M, Gokcay GF. Cardiologic evaluation of Turkish mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e15317. [PMID: 36331231 DOI: 10.1111/ped.15317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs) cause impairment in energy metabolism and can lead to a spectrum of cardiac pathologies including cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias. The frequency of underlying cardiac pathologies and the response to recommended treatment in FAODs was investigated. METHODS Sixty-eight children (35 males, 33 females) with the diagnosis of a FAOD were included in the study. Cardiac function was evaluated with 12-lead standard electrocardiography, echocardiography, and 24 h Holter monitoring. RESULTS Forty-five patients (66%) were diagnosed after disease symptoms developed and 23 patients (34%) were diagnosed in the pre-symptomatic period. Among symptomatic patients (n: 45), cardiovascular findings were detected in 18 (40%) patients, including cardiomyopathy in 14 (31.1%) and conduction abnormalities in 4 (8.8%) patients. Cardiac symptoms were more frequently detected in primary systemic carnitine deficiency (57.1%). Patients with multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiencies also had an increased frequency of cardiac symptoms. Patients with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I deficiencies had a lower prevalence of cardiac symptoms both during admission and during clinical follow up. Cardiomyopathy resolved completely in 8/14 (57%) patients and partially in 2/14 (14.3%) patients with treatment. Two patients with cardiomyopathy died in the newborn period; cardiomyopathy persisted in 1 (7.1%) patient with very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. CONCLUSION Early diagnosis, treatment and follow up made a significant contribution to the improvement of cardiac symptoms of patients with FAODs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Cihan Balci
- Division of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Medical Faculty Children's Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meryem Karaca
- Division of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Medical Faculty Children's Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yakup Ergul
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty Children's Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Eker Omeroglu
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty Children's Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mubeccel Demirkol
- Division of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Medical Faculty Children's Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulden Fatma Gokcay
- Division of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Medical Faculty Children's Hospital, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Rare Diseases, Institute of Child Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Fully Automated Quantitative Measurement of Serum Organic Acids via LC-MS/MS for the Diagnosis of Organic Acidemias: Establishment of an Automation System and a Proof-of-Concept Validation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122195. [PMID: 34943431 PMCID: PMC8700112 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been widely used to analyze hundreds of organic acids in urine to provide a diagnostic basis for organic acidemia. However, it is difficult to operate in clinical laboratories on a daily basis due to sample pretreatment processing. Therefore, we aimed to develop a fully automated system for quantifying serum organic acids using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The pretreatment CLAM-2030 device was connected to an LC-MS/MS system for processing serum under optimized conditions, which included derivatizing serum organic acids using 3-Nitrophenylhydrazine. The derivatized organic acids were separated on a reverse-phase Sceptor HD-C column and detected using negative-ion electrospray ionization multiple reaction monitoring MS. The automated pretreatment-LC-MS/MS system processed serum in less than 1 h and analyzed 19 serum organic acids, which are used to detect organic acidemias. The system exhibited high quantitative sensitivity ranging from approximately 2 to 100 µM with a measurement reproducibility of 10.4% CV. Moreover, a proof-of-concept validation of the system was performed using sera from patients with propionic acidemia (n = 5), methylmalonic acidemia (n = 2), and 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria (n = 1). The levels of marker organic acids specific to each disease were significantly elevated in the sera of the patients compared to those in control samples. The automated pretreatment-LC-MS/MS system can be used as a rapid in-hospital system to measure organic acid levels in serum for the diagnosis of organic acidemias.
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NeoSeq: a new method of genomic sequencing for newborn screening. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:481. [PMID: 34794485 PMCID: PMC8600711 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the clinical application of NeoSeq in newborn screening. Methods Based on the results obtained from traditional newborn screening (NBS) with tandem mass spectrometry (TMS), three cohorts were recruited into the present study: 36 true positive cases (TPC), 60 false-positive cases (FPC), and 100 negative cases. The dried blood spots of the infants were analyzed with NeoSeq, which is based on multiplex PCR amplicon sequencing. Results Overall, the sensitivity of NeoSeq was 55.6% (20/36) in the detection of TPC. NeoSeq detected disease-related genes in 20 of 36 TPC infants, while it could not identify these genes in eight children. Five cases (3.1%) with disease risk were additionally found in the FPC and NC cohorts. There was a significant difference in the diagnostic time between the two methods—10 days for NeoSeq vs. 43 days for traditional NBS. Conclusions NeoSeq is an economic genomic screening test for newborn screening. It can detect most inborn errors of metabolism, reduce the rate of false positive results, shorten the porting cycles, and reduce the screening cost. However, it is still necessary to further optimize the panel design and add more clinically relevant genomic variants to increase its sensitivity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-021-02116-5.
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Sen K, Harmon J, Gropman AL. Select Ethical Aspects of Next-Generation Sequencing Tests for Newborn Screening and Diagnostic Evaluation of Critically Ill Newborns. Int J Neonatal Screen 2021; 7:ijns7040076. [PMID: 34842609 PMCID: PMC8628939 DOI: 10.3390/ijns7040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we analyze medical and select ethical aspects of the increasing use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) based tests in newborn medicine. In the last five years, there have been several studies exploring the role of rapid exome sequencing (ES) and genome sequencing (GS) in critically ill newborns. While the advantages include a high diagnostic yield with potential changes in interventions, there have been ethical dilemmas surrounding consent, information about adult-onset diseases and resolution of variants of uncertain significance. Another active area of research includes a cohort of studies funded under Newborn Sequencing in Genomic Medicine and Public Health pertaining to the use of ES and GS in newborn screening (NBS). While these techniques may allow for screening for several genetic disorders that do not have a detectable biochemical marker, the high costs and long turnaround times of these tests are barriers in their utilization as public health screening tests. Discordant results between conventional NBS and ES-based NBS, as well as challenges with consent, are other potential pitfalls of this approach. Please see the Bush, Al-Hertani and Bodamer article in this Special Issue for the broader scope and further discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Sen
- Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics, Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA;
| | - Jennifer Harmon
- Rare Disease Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA;
| | - Andrea L. Gropman
- Division of Neurogenetics and Developmental Pediatrics, Center for Neuroscience and Behavioral Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-202-476-3511; Fax: +1-202-476-4336
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Habib A, Azize NAA, Rahman SA, Yakob Y, Suberamaniam V, Nazri MIBA, Abdullah Sani H, Ch'ng GS, Yin LH, Olpin S, Lock-Hock N. Novel mutations associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 deficiencies in Malaysia. Clin Biochem 2021; 98:48-53. [PMID: 34626609 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Carnitine-acylcarnitine Translocase (CACT) deficiency (OMIM 212138) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 2 (CPT2) deficiency (OMIM 60065050) are rare inherited disorders of mitochondrial long chain fatty acid oxidation. The aim of our study is to review the clinical, biochemical and molecular characteristics in children diagnosed with CACT and CPT2 deficiencies in Malaysia. DESIGN AND METHODS This is a retrospective study. We reviewed medical records of six patients diagnosed with CACT and CPT2 deficiencies. They were identified from a selective high-risk screening of 50,579 patients from January 2010 until Jun 2020. RESULTS All six patients had either elevation of the long chain acylcarnitines and/or an elevated (C16 + C18:1)/C2 acylcarnitine ratio. SLC25A20 gene sequencing of patient 1 and 6 showed a homozygous splice site mutation at c.199-10 T > G in intron 2. Two novel mutations at c.109C > T p. (Arg37*) in exon 2 and at c.706C > T p. (Arg236*) in exon 7 of SLC25A20 gene were found in patient 2. Patient 3 and 4 (siblings) exhibited a compound heterozygous mutation at c.638A > G p. (Asp213Gly) and novel mutation c.1073 T > G p. (Leu358Arg) in exon 4 of CPT2 gene. A significant combined prevalence at 0.01% of CACT and CPT2 deficiencies was found in the symptomatic Malaysian patients. CONCLUSIONS The use of the (C16 + C18:1)/C2 acylcarnitine ratio in dried blood spot in our experience improves the diagnostic specificity for CACT/CPT2 deficiencies over long chain acylcarnitine (C16 and C18:1) alone. DNA sequencing for both genes aids in confirming the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anasufiza Habib
- Biochemistry Unit, Specialised Diagnostic Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ministry of Health Malaysia.
| | - Nor Azimah Abdul Azize
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Specialised Diagnostic Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ministry of Health Malaysia
| | - Salina Abd Rahman
- Inborn Errors of Metabolism & Genetics Unit, Nutrition, Metabolic & Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Selangor, Malaysia, Ministry of Health Malaysia
| | - Yusnita Yakob
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Specialised Diagnostic Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ministry of Health Malaysia
| | - Vengadeshwaran Suberamaniam
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Specialised Diagnostic Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ministry of Health Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Irfan Bukhari Ahmad Nazri
- Biochemistry Unit, Specialised Diagnostic Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Health, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ministry of Health Malaysia
| | - Huzaimah Abdullah Sani
- Department of Pathology, Women and Children's Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ministry of Health Malaysia
| | - Gaik-Siew Ch'ng
- Department of Genetic, Penang Hospital, Penang, Malaysia, Ministry of Health Malaysia
| | - Leong Huey Yin
- Department of Genetic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ministry of Health Malaysia
| | - Simon Olpin
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ngu Lock-Hock
- Department of Genetic, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Ministry of Health Malaysia
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Nikam V, Mohammad NS. Tissue-specific DNase I footprint analysis confirms the association of GATAD2B Q470* variant with intellectual disability. J Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-021-01308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bravo-Veyrat S, Hopfgartner G. Mass spectrometry based high-throughput bioanalysis of low molecular weight compounds: are we ready to support personalized medicine? Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:181-192. [PMID: 34424372 PMCID: PMC8748372 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is the gold standard in bioanalysis for the development of quantitative assays to support drug development or therapeutic drug monitoring. High-throughput and low-cost gene sequencing have enabled a paradigm shift from one treatment fits all to personalized medicine (PM). However, gene monitoring provides only partial information about the health state. The full picture requires the combination of gene monitoring with the screening of exogenous compounds, metabolites, lipids, and proteins. This critical review discusses how mass spectrometry–based technologies and approaches including separation sciences, ambient ionization, and ion mobility are/could be used to support high-throughput bioanalysis of endogenous end exogenous low molecular weight compounds. It includes also various biological sample types (from blood to expired air), and various sample preparation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bravo-Veyrat
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Hopfgartner
- Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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McCandless SE, Wright EJ. Mandatory newborn screening in the United States: History, current status, and existential challenges. Birth Defects Res 2021; 112:350-366. [PMID: 32115905 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Beginning in the 1960s, mandatory newborn screening (NBS) of essentially all infants has been a major public health success story. NBS is not just a blood test, rather, it is a complex, integrated system that begins with timely testing, scrupulous follow up of patients, tracking of outcomes, quality improvement of all aspects of the process, and education of providers, staff, and parents. In the past, expansion of NBS programs has been driven by new testing technology, but now is increasingly driven by the development of novel therapeutics and political advocacy. Each state determines how the NBS system will be structured in that state, but there is increasing oversight and support for harmonization at a federal level. Several recent initiatives, together with the increased number of conditions screened and the concomitant increase in burdensome false-positive tests, are creating new scrutiny of NBS systems, and potentially pose an existential risk to the public acceptance of mandatory NBS. The history, current state and challenges for NBS are explored in this issue, with some suggestions as to how to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn E McCandless
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Erica J Wright
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Nakajima D, Ohara O, Kawashima Y. Toward proteome-wide exploration of proteins in dried blood spots using liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2100019. [PMID: 34379369 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling is a method with advantages over conventional blood sampling in relation to collection, cost, storage, and transportation. Such advantages have led to its wide use in newborn screening (NBS). Although target analysis of various biomolecules is conducted in NBS, protein quantification-based NBS is still in its infancy. Thus, it is important to clarify how many proteins could be quantitatively detected in DBS samples using advanced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technologies; a catalog of proteins detectable in DBSs by LC-MS/MS will enable us to judge which causative proteins in genetic diseases can be monitored at the protein level in NBS. In this review, we outline conventional proteome analyses of DBSs with a distinction between target and nontarget approaches. Additionally, we discuss the future perspectives for proteome analysis of DBSs in NBS of genetic diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nakajima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, Japan
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Forny P, Footitt E, Davison JE, Lam A, Woodward CE, Batzios S, Bhate S, Chakrapani A, Cleary M, Gissen P, Grunewald S, Hurst JA, Scott R, Heales S, Jacques TS, Cullup T, Rahman S. Diagnosing Mitochondrial Disorders Remains Challenging in the Omics Era. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e597. [PMID: 34056100 PMCID: PMC8161540 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective We hypothesized that novel investigative pathways are needed to decrease diagnostic odysseys in pediatric mitochondrial disease and sought to determine the utility of clinical exome sequencing in a large cohort with suspected mitochondrial disease and to explore whether any of the traditional indicators of mitochondrial disease predict a confirmed genetic diagnosis. Methods We investigated a cohort of 85 pediatric patients using clinical exome sequencing and compared the results with the outcome of traditional diagnostic tests, including biochemical testing of routine parameters (lactate, alanine, and proline), neuroimaging, and muscle biopsy with histology and respiratory chain enzyme activity studies. Results We established a genetic diagnosis in 36.5% of the cohort and report 20 novel disease-causing variants (1 mitochondrial DNA). Counterintuitively, routine biochemical markers were more predictive of mitochondrial disease than more invasive and elaborate muscle studies. Conclusions We propose using biochemical markers to support the clinical suspicion of mitochondrial disease and then apply first-line clinical exome sequencing to identify a definite diagnosis. Muscle biopsy studies should only be used in clinically urgent situations or to confirm an inconclusive genetic result. Classification of Evidence This is a Class II diagnostic accuracy study showing that the combination of CSF and plasma biochemical tests plus neuroimaging could predict the presence or absence of exome sequencing confirmed mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Forny
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Footitt
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - James E Davison
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Lam
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy E Woodward
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Spyros Batzios
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Bhate
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Anupam Chakrapani
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Maureen Cleary
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Gissen
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Grunewald
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A Hurst
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Scott
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Heales
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S Jacques
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Cullup
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Shamima Rahman
- Mitochondrial Research Group (P.F., S.R.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health; Metabolic Medicine Department (P.F., E.F., J.E.D., S. Batzios, A.C., M.C., P.G., S.G., S.R.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurometabolic Unit (A.L., S.H.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Chemical Pathology (A.L., S.H.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust; Neurogenetics Unit (C.E.W.), National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery; Department of Neurology (S. Bhate), Department of Clinical Genetics (J.A.H., R.S.), North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, DBC Programme (T.S.J.), UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, and London North Genomic Laboratory Hub (T.C.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
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Loeber JG, Platis D, Zetterström RH, Schielen PJCI. [Neonatal screening in Europe revisited: An ISNS-perspective on the current state and developments since 2010]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:441-456. [PMID: 34003089 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal screening (NBS) was initiated in Europe during the 1960s with the screening for phenylketonuria. The panel of screened disorders ("conditions") then gradually expanded, with a boost in the late 1990's with the introduction of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), making it possible to screen for 40-50 conditions in one blood spot. The most recent additions to screening programmes (screening for cystic fibrosis, severe combined immunodeficiency and spinal muscular atrophy) were assisted by or realised through the introduction of molecular genetics techniques. For this survey we collected data from 51 European countries. We report on the developments between 2010 and 2020, and highlight the achievements made during this period. We also identify areas where further progress can be made, mainly by exchanging knowledge and learning from experiences in neighbouring countries. Between 2010 and 2020, most NBS programmes in geographical Europe have matured considerably, both in terms of methodology (modernised) and with regards to the panel of conditions screened (expanded). These developments indicate that more collaboration in Europe through European organisations is gaining momentum. Only by working together can we accomplish the timely detection of newborn infants potentially suffering from one of the many rare diseases and take appropriate actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gerard Loeber
- International Society for Neonatal Screening (ISNS) Office, Bilthoven, Pays-Bas
| | - Dimitris Platis
- Department of Newborn Screening, Institute of Child Health, Athènes, Grèce
| | - Rolf H Zetterström
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disease, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Suède
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Cheillan D. [Main biological tools applied to newborn screening: Landscape and future perspectives]. Med Sci (Paris) 2021; 37:461-467. [PMID: 34003091 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2021062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past fifty years, neonatal screening has become essential in the public health programs of a large number of countries. During all these years, the number of detectable diseases has continued to grow, following the possibilities offered by technical advances in clinical biology. The Guthrie test has enabled the miniaturization of blood sampling, opening up the possibilities of biological screening in the newborn population. Fluorimetry, immunoassay and more recently tandem mass spectrometry have subsequently allowed to detect many treatable disorders. The new developments of next generation sequencing and artificial intelligence may open a new era despite many ethical questions that will arise. This review provides an overview of the biological techniques currently used for neonatal screening and opens up perspectives on the place of new technological developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cheillan
- Service de biochimie et biologie moléculaire - Centre de biologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69500 Bron, France - Commission de biologie - Centre national de coordination du dépistage néonatal, 69500 Bron, France
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Dai X, Lv C, Sun J, Li S. A facile synthesis of isotope labeled acylcarnitines. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2021; 64:217-224. [PMID: 33480078 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Acylcarnitines are a big family of small molecule metabolites with various acyl groups attached to the hydroxyl moiety of l-carnitine. They are good indicators of multiple metabolic disorders. For instance, the newborn screening panel uses flow injection tandem mass spectrometry to analyze more than 30 different acylcarnitines and amino acids extracted from dried blood spots. A facile approach has been developed for the synthesis of isotope labeled acylcarnitines whose mass shift over their unlabeled counterparts can be any number in the range of 3 to 12 Da. This strategy makes it more convenient to provide authentic internal standards for acylcarnitines profiling analyses, thereby expanding their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Dai
- Department of Public Security Administration, Nanjing Forest Police College, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Department of Research and Development, Nanjing Apollomics Biotech, Inc., Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Department of Research and Development, Nanjing Apollomics Biotech, Inc., Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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47
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Loeber JG, Platis D, Zetterström RH, Almashanu S, Boemer F, Bonham JR, Borde P, Brincat I, Cheillan D, Dekkers E, Dimitrov D, Fingerhut R, Franzson L, Groselj U, Hougaard D, Knapkova M, Kocova M, Kotori V, Kozich V, Kremezna A, Kurkijärvi R, La Marca G, Mikelsaar R, Milenkovic T, Mitkin V, Moldovanu F, Ceglarek U, O'Grady L, Oltarzewski M, Pettersen RD, Ramadza D, Salimbayeva D, Samardzic M, Shamsiddinova M, Songailiené J, Szatmari I, Tabatadze N, Tezel B, Toromanovic A, Tovmasyan I, Usurelu N, Vevere P, Vilarinho L, Vogazianos M, Yahyaoui R, Zeyda M, Schielen PCJI. Neonatal Screening in Europe Revisited: An ISNS Perspective on the Current State and Developments Since 2010. Int J Neonatal Screen 2021; 7:ijns7010015. [PMID: 33808002 PMCID: PMC8006225 DOI: 10.3390/ijns7010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal screening (NBS) was initiated in Europe during the 1960s with the screening for phenylketonuria. The panel of screened disorders ("conditions") then gradually expanded, with a boost in the late 1990s with the introduction of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), making it possible to screen for 40-50 conditions using a single blood spot. The most recent additions to screening programmes (screening for cystic fibrosis, severe combined immunodeficiency and spinal muscular atrophy) were assisted by or realised through the introduction of molecular technologies. For this survey, we collected data from 51 European countries. We report the developments between 2010 and 2020 and highlight the achievements reached with the progress made in this period. We also identify areas where further progress can be made, mainly by exchanging knowledge and learning from experiences in neighbouring countries. Between 2010 and 2020, most NBS programmes in geographical Europe matured considerably, both in terms of methodology (modernised) and with regard to the panel of conditions screened (expanded). These developments indicate that more collaboration in Europe through European organisations is gaining momentum. We can only accomplish the timely detection of newborn infants potentially suffering from one of the many rare diseases and take appropriate action by working together.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gerard Loeber
- International Society for Neonatal Screening (ISNS) Office, 3721CK Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitris Platis
- Department of Newborn Screening, Institute of Child Health, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Rolf H Zetterström
- Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, SE-17 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shlomo Almashanu
- Newborn Screening Laboratories, Tel-HaShomer, 52621 Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - James R Bonham
- Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield S10 2TH, UK
| | - Patricia Borde
- Laboratoire National de Santé, 3555 Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Ian Brincat
- Mater Dei Hospital, Tal-Qroqq Msida, MSD2090 Msida, Malta
| | | | - Eugenie Dekkers
- Centre for Population Research, National Institue for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dobry Dimitrov
- National Genetic Laboratory, Hospital Maichin Dom, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ralph Fingerhut
- Neonatal Screening Laboratory, Children's Hospital, CH-8032 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Leifur Franzson
- Department Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Landspitali, Reykjavik 108, Iceland
| | - Urh Groselj
- University Children's Hospital, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Maria Knapkova
- Newborn Screening Centre, Banska Bystrica 97401, Slovakia
| | | | - Vjosa Kotori
- University Clinical Centre, Pristina 10000, Kosovo
| | - Viktor Kozich
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Charles University-First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague 12808, Czech Republic
| | | | - Riikka Kurkijärvi
- Newborn Screening Centre, Turku University Hospital, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Ruth Mikelsaar
- Medical Faculty, University of Tartu, 50411 Tart, Estonia
| | - Tatjana Milenkovic
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia, Belgrade 11070, Serbia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rolf D Pettersen
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Danijela Ramadza
- University Hospital Medical Centre Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damilya Salimbayeva
- Republican Scientific Centre for Gynaecology and Perinatology, Almaty 050020, Kazakhstan
| | - Mira Samardzic
- Institute for Sick Children, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro
| | | | | | | | - Nazi Tabatadze
- NeugoGenetic and Metabolic Center, Tbilisi 0194, Georgia
| | - Basak Tezel
- Child and Adolescent Health Department, 06430 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alma Toromanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinical Centre, Tuzla 75000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Natalia Usurelu
- National Centre Health and Reproductive & Medical Genetics, 2062 Chisinau, Moldova
| | | | | | | | - Raquel Yahyaoui
- Málaga Regional University Hospital. Institute of Biomedical Research IBIMA, 29011 Málaga, Spain
| | - Maximilian Zeyda
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter C J I Schielen
- International Society for Neonatal Screening (ISNS) Office, 3721CK Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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48
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Woerner AC, Gallagher RC, Vockley J, Adhikari AN. The Use of Whole Genome and Exome Sequencing for Newborn Screening: Challenges and Opportunities for Population Health. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:663752. [PMID: 34350142 PMCID: PMC8326411 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.663752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) is a population-based program with a goal of reducing the burden of disease for conditions with significant clinical impact on neonates. Screening tests were originally developed and implemented one at a time, but newer methods have allowed the use of multiplex technologies to expand additions more rapidly to standard panels. Recent improvements in next-generation sequencing are also evolving rapidly from first focusing on individual genes, then panels, and finally all genes as encompassed by whole exome and genome sequencing. The intersection of these two technologies brings the revolutionary possibility of identifying all genetic disorders in newborns, allowing implementation of therapies at the optimum time regardless of symptoms. This article reviews the history of newborn screening and early studies examining the use of whole genome and exome sequencing as a screening tool. Lessons learned from these studies are discussed, along with technical, ethical, and societal challenges to broad implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey C Woerner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Renata C Gallagher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jerry Vockley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Aashish N Adhikari
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Artificial Intelligence Lab, Illumina Inc, Foster City, CA, United States
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49
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Koracin V, Mlinaric M, Baric I, Brincat I, Djordjevic M, Drole Torkar A, Fumic K, Kocova M, Milenkovic T, Moldovanu F, Mulliqi Kotori V, Nanu MI, Remec ZI, Repic Lampret B, Platis D, Savov A, Samardzic M, Suzic B, Szatmari I, Toromanovic A, Zerjav Tansek M, Battelino T, Groselj U. Current Status of Newborn Screening in Southeastern Europe. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:648939. [PMID: 34026686 PMCID: PMC8138576 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.648939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant part of Southeastern Europe (with a population of 76 million) has newborn screening (NBS) programs non-harmonized with developed European countries. Initial survey was conducted in 2013/2014 among 11 countries from the region (Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH), Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia) to assess the main characteristics of their NBS programs and their future plans. Their cumulative population at that time was ~52,5 million. At that time, none of the countries had an expanded NBS program, while phenylketonuria screening was not introduced in four and congenital hypothyroidism in three of 11 countries. We repeated the survey in 2020 inviting the same 11 countries, adding Cyprus, Greece, Hungary, and Malta (due to their geographical position in the wider region). The aims were to assess the current state, to evaluate the change in the period, and to identify the main obstacles impacting the implementation of expanded NBS and/or reaching a wider population. Responses were collected from 12 countries (BIH-Federation of BIH, BIH-Republic of Srpska, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Hungary, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia) with a population of 68.5 million. The results of the survey showed that the regional situation regarding NBS only modestly improved in this period. All of the surveyed countries except Kosovo screened for at least congenital hypothyroidism, while phenylketonuria was not screened in four of 12 countries. Croatia and Slovenia implemented an expanded NBS program using tandem mass spectrometry from the time of last survey. In conclusion, the current status of NBS programs in Southeastern Europe is very variable and is still underdeveloped (or even non-existent) in some of the countries. We suggest establishing an international task-force to assist with implementation and harmonization of basic NBS services where needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matej Mlinaric
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivo Baric
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb and University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Maja Djordjevic
- Department of Metabolism and Clinical Genetics, Institute for Mother and Child Health Care of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Drole Torkar
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ksenija Fumic
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirjana Kocova
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetics, University Pediatric Clinic, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Tatjana Milenkovic
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Institute for Mother and Child Health Care of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Florentina Moldovanu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Alessandrescu-Rusescu, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Michaela Iuliana Nanu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Institute for Mother and Child Health, Alessandrescu-Rusescu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ziga Iztok Remec
- Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbka Repic Lampret
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Clinical Institute for Special Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dimitrios Platis
- Department of Neonatal Screening, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexey Savov
- National Genetic Laboratory, University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mira Samardzic
- Institute for Sick Children, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Biljana Suzic
- Children Hospital Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Alma Toromanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinical Center, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mojca Zerjav Tansek
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urh Groselj
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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50
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van Rijt WJ, Schielen PCJI, Özer Y, Bijsterveld K, van der Sluijs FH, Derks TGJ, Heiner-Fokkema MR. Instability of Acylcarnitines in Stored Dried Blood Spots: The Impact on Retrospective Analysis of Biomarkers for Inborn Errors of Metabolism. Int J Neonatal Screen 2020; 6:ijns6040083. [PMID: 33147805 PMCID: PMC7712882 DOI: 10.3390/ijns6040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stored dried blood spots (DBS) can provide valuable samples for the retrospective diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism, and for validation studies for newborn blood spot screening programs. Acylcarnitine species are subject to degradation upon long-term storage at room temperature, but limited data are available on the stability in original samples and the impact on acylcarnitine ratios. We analysed complete acylcarnitine profiles by flow-injection tandem mass spectrometry in 598 anonymous DBS stored from 2013 to 2017, at +4 °C during the first year and thereafter at room temperature. The concentrations of C2-, C3-, C4-, C5-, C6-, C8-, C10:1-, C10-, C12:1-, C12-, C14:1-, C14-, C16:1-, C16-, C18:2-, C18:1-, C18-, C5OH+C4DC-, C18:1OH-, and C16DC-carnitine decreased significantly, whereas a positive trend was found for free carnitine. Only the C4/C8-, C8/C10-, C14:1/C10- and C14:1/C16-carnitine ratios appeared robust for the metabolite instability. The metabolite instability may provoke the wrong interpretation of test results in the case of retrospective studies and risk the inaccurate estimation of cut-off targets in validation studies when only stored control DBS are used. We recommend including control DBS in diagnostic, retrospective cohort studies, and, for validation studies, we recommend using fresh samples and repeatedly re-evaluating cut-off targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn J. van Rijt
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (W.J.v.R.); (T.G.J.D.)
| | - Peter C. J. I. Schielen
- Reference Laboratory for Neonatal Screening, Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, 3721 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Yasemin Özer
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (Y.Ö.); (K.B.); (F.H.v.d.S.)
| | - Klaas Bijsterveld
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (Y.Ö.); (K.B.); (F.H.v.d.S.)
| | - Fjodor H. van der Sluijs
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (Y.Ö.); (K.B.); (F.H.v.d.S.)
| | - Terry G. J. Derks
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (W.J.v.R.); (T.G.J.D.)
| | - M. Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands; (Y.Ö.); (K.B.); (F.H.v.d.S.)
- Correspondence:
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