Fatty acid amides and anilides, syntheses and antimicrobial properties

Solvent-free one step aminolysis and alcoholysis of low-quality triglycerides using sodium modified CaO nanoparticles as a solid catalyst

Aminolysis of used cotton seed oil derived fatty acid methyl ester (FAMEs).

One step synthesis of fatty acid diethanolamides and methyl esters from triglycerides using sodium doped calcium hydroxide as a nanocrystalline heterogeneous catalyst

A recyclable heterogeneous catalyst based direct aminolysis of vegetable oils.

Influence of the variation of the alkyl chain length of N-alkyl-β-D-glycosylamine derivatives on antifungal properties

Twelve new glucosidic and galactosidic derivatives of N-alkylaminosugars with different alkylamines from 6 to 18 carbons were synthesized and characterized by (1)H and (13)C NMR. Their antifungal activity against the food fungal pathogen Aspergillus niger was evaluated using the radial growth assay. The influence of the variation of the alkyl chain length of N-alkylaminosugars on the mycelium growth was then discussed. Inhibition by the different alkylamines is shown as a biostatic effect rather than a biocidal effect. It was observed that alkylamines keep their antifungal properties after a thermal treatment compatible with food packaging and processing.

Structural characterization and surface-active properties of a new glycolipid biosurfactant, mono-acylated mannosylerythritol lipid, produced from glucose by Pseudozyma antarctica

Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), which are glycolipid biosurfactants produced by Pseudozyma yeasts, show not only excellent interfacial properties but also versatile biochemical actions. In the course of MEL production from glucose as the sole carbon source, P. antarctica was found to produce unknown glycolipids more hydrophilic than conventional "di-acylated MELs," which have two fatty acyl esters on the mannose moiety. Based on a detailed characterization, the most hydrophilic one was identified as 4-O-(3'-O-alka(e)noyl-beta-D: -mannopyranosyl)-D: -erythritol namely, "mono-acylated MEL." The mono-acylated MEL reduced the surface tension of water to 33.8 mN/m at a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 3.6 x 10(-4) M, and its hydrophilic-lipophilic balance was tentatively calculated to be 12.15. The observed CMC was 100-fold higher than that of the MELs hitherto reported. Interestingly, of the yeast strains of the genus Pseudozyma, only P. antarctica and P. parantarctica gave the mono-acylated MEL from glucose, despite a great diversity of di-acylated MEL producers in the genus. These strains produced MELs including the mono-acylated one at a rate of 20-25%. From these results, the new MEL is likely to have great potential for use in oil-in-water-type emulsifiers and washing detergents because of its higher water solubility compared to conventional MELs and will thus contribute to facilitating a broad range of applications for the environmentally advanced surfactants.

Azaanalogues of ebselen as antimicrobial and antiviral agents: synthesis and properties

The different analogues of ebselen-unsubstituted benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one (2a) 2-pyridylbenzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones (2b-h) and 7-azabenzisoselenazol-3(2H)-ones (3a-j) were designed as new selenium-containing antiviral and antimicrobial agents and synthesized. Some of them were found in the antiviral assay in vitro to be strong inhibitors of cythopatic activity of herpes simplex virus type 1--HSV-1 (compounds 2a,b,f,h, 3a-j) and encephalomyocarditis virus--EMCV (compounds 2a,h, 3a-f,k,l). The compounds 2a,h and 3a-e,j were found to have an appreciable activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus) in vitro, some of them inhibited growth of pathogenic yeasts (Candida albicans) (3a,b) and filamentous fungi (3a-e,f).