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Erez I, Serbester U. Effects of prenatal fish oil supplementation on the development and performance of female kids after weaning. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0310220. [PMID: 39259754 PMCID: PMC11389935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the influence of fish oil, an omega-3 fatty acids source, supplemented to diets of goats throughout all stages of gestation on the growth and milk production of weaned female kids. Eighty German Fawn (75%) x Hair (25%) crossbred goats were randomly assigned to treatment (fish oil, FiO group) and control (Rumen protected fat, RPF group) groups during the first half of pregnancy. Subsequently, the FiO group was further allocated into FiO-FiO and FiO-RPF subgroups and RPF group was further divided into RPF-FiO and RPF-RPF subgroups containing 20 goats in each during the second half of pregnancy. The growth and feed intake of 41 female kids (aged 75.1 ± 6.73 days, with a mean live weight of 11.6 ± 3.00 kg) were recorded for a 98 day post-weaning, In the continuation of the study, live weight changes, milk yield and composition of young female goats from mating to the second month of lactation and the growth of female kids until weaning were studied for a total of 210 days. Maternal nutrition slightly influenced the live weight gain of female kids over a 98-day investigation period (p = 0.070). When growth performance was considered, a higher feed conversion efficiency of female offspring was determined in RPF-FiO (5.52) treatment group compare to female kids in other treatment groups (p = 0.086). However, the maternal feeding system significantly affected live weight in the RPF-FiO treatment group during the mating period (P = 0.054). Concerning the feed intake, maternal nutrition significantly affected the feed intake of female kids (p < 0.01) with the highest feed consumption in the FiO-RPF group. The findings of this study have shown that fish oil enriched diet given to goats during gestation improved daily live weight changes and total live weight gain of female kids despite the initial disadvantage after weaning. At mating time, the live weight of young female goats in the RPF-FiO treatment group, which exhibited the highest feed conversion ratio during the 98-day study, was higher than the remaining treatment groups. Maternal nutrition had no effect on milk yield or milk components in young goats during lactation. Young female goats born to dams in the FiO-RPF group showed better performance than the other groups regarding live weight performance of their offspring on 56th day postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Erez
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ugur Serbester
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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Romero-Hidalgo S, Sagaceta-Mejía J, Villalobos-Comparán M, Tejero ME, Domínguez-Pérez M, Jacobo-Albavera L, Posadas-Sánchez R, Vargas-Alarcón G, Posadas-Romero C, Macías-Kauffer L, Vadillo-Ortega F, Contreras-Sieck MA, Acuña-Alonzo V, Barquera R, Macín G, Binia A, Guevara-Chávez JG, Sebastián-Medina L, Menjívar M, Canizales-Quinteros S, Carnevale A, Villarreal-Molina T. Selection scan in Native Americans of Mexico identifies FADS2 rs174616: Evidence of gene-diet interactions affecting lipid levels and Delta-6-desaturase activity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35477. [PMID: 39166092 PMCID: PMC11334880 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Searching for positive selection signals across genomes has identified functional genetic variants responding to environmental change. In Native Americans of Mexico, we used the fixation index (Fst) and population branch statistic (PBS) to identify SNPs suggesting positive selection. The 103 most differentiated SNPs were tested for associations with metabolic traits, the most significant association was FADS2/rs174616 with body mass index (BMI). This variant lies within a linkage disequilibrium (LD) block independent of previously reported FADS selection signals and has not been clearly associated with metabolic phenotypes. We tested this variant in two independent cohorts with cardiometabolic data. In the Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) cohort, the derived allele (T) was associated with increased BMI, lower LDL-C levels and a decreased risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in women. Significant gene-diet interactions affected lipid, apolipoprotein and adiponectin levels with differences according to sex, involving mainly total and complex dietary carbohydrate%. In the Genotype-related Effects of PUFA trial, the derived allele was associated with lower Δ-6 desaturase activity and erythrocyte membrane dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) levels, and with increased Δ-5 desaturase activity and eicosapentaenoic acid levels. This variant interacted with dietary carbohydrate% affecting Δ-6 desaturase activity. Notably, the relationship of DGLA and other erythrocyte membrane LC-PUFA indices with HOMA-IR differed according to rs174616 genotype, which has implications regarding how these indices should be interpreted. In conclusion, this observational study identified rs174616 as a signal suggesting selection in an independent linkage disequilibrium block, was associated with cardiometabolic and erythrocyte measurements of LC-PUFA in two independent Mexican cohorts and showed significant gene-diet interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Romero-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Genómica Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janine Sagaceta-Mejía
- Laboratorio de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - María Elizabeth Tejero
- Laboratorio de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mayra Domínguez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leonor Jacobo-Albavera
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Departmento de Biología Molecular y Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Posadas-Romero
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Macías-Kauffer
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química UNAM e Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vadillo-Ortega
- Unidad de Vinculación de la Facultad de Medicina UNAM en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Víctor Acuña-Alonzo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Barquera
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Germany
- Anthropology (MPI-EVA), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gastón Macín
- Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aristea Binia
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Innovation Park, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jose Guadalupe Guevara-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Leticia Sebastián-Medina
- Laboratorio de Nutrigenética y Nutrigenómica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Menjívar
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química UNAM, Mexico City and Unidad Académica de Ciencias y Tecnología, UNAM-Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad de Genómica de Poblaciones Aplicada a la Salud, Facultad de Química UNAM e Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alessandra Carnevale
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Mendelianas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Teresa Villarreal-Molina
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
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Koza J, Jurgoński A. Partially defatted rather than native poppy seeds beneficially alter lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14171. [PMID: 37644060 PMCID: PMC10465602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Partially defatted poppy seeds, a by-product of poppy oil cold pressing, could be an interesting dietary supplement for obesity management. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of dietary supplementation with a small amount of native or partially defatted poppy seeds on gastrointestinal function and lipid metabolism in rats fed a high-fat diet. The defatted poppy seeds had, among others, lower fat content and higher fibre and protein content than native poppy seeds. The rats fed with a high-fat diet were characterised by severe metabolic disorders, especially in the liver, and poppy seeds were unable to prevent them. However, depending on the seed form, dietary supplementation with poppy seeds differentially affected the microbial and endogenous lipid metabolism in rats. In the distal intestine, both dietary seed forms stimulated microbial acetate production, and the supplementation with partially defatted poppy seeds additionally inhibited isobutyrate and isovalerate formation, which indicates a reduction in putrefaction. Both dietary seed forms increased cholesterol accumulation in the liver. Only dietary supplementation with partially defatted poppy seeds attenuated visceral fat and hepatic triglyceride accumulations and lowered blood triglyceride concentrations, and at the transcriptional level, the inhibition of SREBP-1c, which upregulates genes responsible for de novo lipogenesis, was additionally observed in this organ. In conclusion, a low and regular consumption of partially defatted poppy seeds may be beneficial in managing obesity-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Koza
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Disorders, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ujejskiego 75 Str., 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Adam Jurgoński
- Department of Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells that detect and process environmental signals and communicate them with T cells to bridge innate and adaptive immunity. Immune signals and microenvironmental cues shape the function of DC subsets in different contexts, which is associated with reprogramming of cellular metabolic pathways. In addition to integrating these extracellular cues to meet bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands, cellular metabolism interplays with immune signaling to shape DC-dependent immune responses. Emerging evidence indicates that lipid metabolism serves as a key regulator of DC responses. Here, we summarize the roles of fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism, as well as selective metabolites, in orchestrating the functions of DCs. Specifically, we highlight how different lipid metabolic programs, including de novo fatty acid synthesis, fatty acid β oxidation, lipid storage, and cholesterol efflux, influence DC function in different contexts. Further, we discuss how dysregulation of lipid metabolism shapes DC intracellular signaling and contributes to the impaired DC function in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on key future directions for the regulation of DC biology by lipid metabolism. Insights into the connections between lipid metabolism and DC functional specialization may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan You
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hongbo Chi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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The Impact of Nutrient Intake and Metabolic Wastes during Pregnancy on Offspring Hypertension: Challenges and Future Opportunities. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030418. [PMID: 36984857 PMCID: PMC10052993 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension can have its origin in early life. During pregnancy, many metabolic alterations occur in the mother that have a crucial role in fetal development. In response to maternal insults, fetal programming may occur after metabolic disturbance, resulting in programmed hypertension later in life. Maternal dietary nutrients act as metabolic substrates for various metabolic processes via nutrient-sensing signals. Different nutrient-sensing pathways that detect levels of sugars, amino acids, lipids and energy are integrated during pregnancy, while disturbed nutrient-sensing signals have a role in the developmental programming of hypertension. Metabolism-modulated metabolites and nutrient-sensing signals are promising targets for new drug discovery due to their pathogenic link to hypertension programming. Hence, in this review, we pay particular attention to the maternal nutritional insults and metabolic wastes affecting fetal programming. We then discuss the role of nutrient-sensing signals linking the disturbed metabolism to hypertension programming. This review also summarizes current evidence to give directions for future studies regarding how to prevent hypertension via reprogramming strategies, such as nutritional intervention, targeting nutrient-sensing signals, and reduction of metabolic wastes. Better prevention for hypertension may be possible with the help of novel early-life interventions that target altered metabolism.
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Moon YA. Emerging roles of polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathway in colorectal cancer. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:61-71. [PMID: 36970499 PMCID: PMC10035963 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2189933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of colorectal cancer typically involves the accumulated influences of genetic alterations, medical issues, lifestyle, and diet. Dietary fatty acids appear to affect the tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. Despite conflicting results, the current consensus on the effects of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on colorectal cancer is that low levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, and high levels of arachidonic acid are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Altered levels of arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids can change the levels of prostaglandin E2, which affect the biological activities of cancer cells in multiple stages. Arachidonic acid and other very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids can affect tumorigenesis in prostaglandin E2-independent manners as well, including stabilization of β-catenine, ferroptosis, ROS generation, regulation of transcription factors, and de novo lipogenesis. Recent studies have revealed an association between the activities of enzymes synthesizing very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and tumorigenesis and cancer progression, although the mechanisms are still unknown. In this study, PUFA effects on tumorigenesis, the endogenous very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathway, metabolites of arachidonic acid and their effects on tumorigenesis and progression of CRC, and current knowledge that supports the association of the enzymes involved in the polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis pathway with colorectal cancer tumorigenesis and progression are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ah Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
- Young-Ah Moon Department of Molecular Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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Roberti SL, Gatti CR, Capobianco E, Higa R, Jawerbaum A. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathways in diabetic rat decidua early after implantation: regulation by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids. Reprod Biomed Online 2022; 46:659-672. [PMID: 36863977 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathways and moieties involved in histotrophic nutrition altered in the decidua of diabetic rats? Can diets enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) administered early after implantation prevent these alterations? Can these dietary treatments improve morphological parameters in the fetus, decidua and placenta after placentation? DESIGN Streptozotocin-induced diabetic Albino Wistar rats were fed a standard diet or diets enriched in n3- or n6-PUFAs early after implantation. Decidual samples were collected on day 9 of pregnancy. Fetal, decidual and placental morphological parameters were evaluated on day 14 of pregnancy. RESULTS On gestational day 9, PPARδ levels showed no changes in the diabetic rat decidua compared with controls. In diabetic rat decidua, PPARα levels and the expression of its target genes Aco and Cpt1 had reduced. These alterations were prevented by the n6-PUFA-enriched diet. Levels of PPARγ, the expression of its target gene Fas, lipid droplet number and perilipin 2 and fatty acid binding protein 4 levels increased in the diabetic rat decidua compared with controls. Diets enriched with PUFA prevented PPARγ increase, but not the increased lipid-related PPARγ targets. On gestational day 14, fetal growth, decidual and placental weight reduced in the diabetic group, and alterations prevented by the maternal diets were enriched in PUFAs. CONCLUSION When diabetic rats are fed diets enriched in n3- and n6-PUFAs early after implantation, PPAR pathways, lipid-related genes and proteins, lipid droplets and glycogen content in the decidua are modulated. This influences decidual histotrophic function and later feto-placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lorena Roberti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia Romina Gatti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Evangelina Capobianco
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Higa
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Jawerbaum
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratory of Reproduction and Metabolism, CEFYBO, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Pantzaris MC, Bakirtzis C, Grigoriadis N, Hadjigeorgiou G, Dardiotis E, Loucaides G, Ntzani E, Markozannes G, Omorfos S, Valsasina P, Messina R, Preziosa P, Rocca MA, Patrikios I. Phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Neuroaspis plp10 as an adjuvant treatment for relapsing multiple sclerosis: the MINERAL Study. BMJ Neurol Open 2022; 4:e000334. [PMID: 36353267 PMCID: PMC9639060 DOI: 10.1136/bmjno-2022-000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the effectiveness of Neuroaspis plp10 nutritional supplement when added to interferon (IFN)-β treatment in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Design A 30-month phase III multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Randomisation stratified by centre using a computer-generated procedure with Neuroaspis plp10 versus placebo in 1:1 ratio. The first 6 months were used as both the pre-entry and normalisation period. Setting 3 teaching hospitals in Greece and 1 Neurology Institute in Cyprus. Participants 61 patients with RRMS on IFN-β were randomly assigned to receive Neuroaspis plp10 (n=32) or placebo (n=29), 20 mL, orally, once daily, for 30 months. Intervention Neuroaspis plp10, a cocktail mixture, containing specific PUFA (12 150 mg) and γ-tocopherol (760 mg) versus virgin olive oil (placebo). Main outcome measure The primary end point was the annual relapse rate (ARR) whereas the secondary ones were the rate of sustained progression of disability, as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the brain T2 and gadolinium-enhancing lesions, at 2 years. Results For the intention-to-treat analyses Neuroaspis plp10 significantly reduced the ARR by 80%, (RRR, 0.20; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.45; p=0.0001) and the risk of sustained progression of disability by 73% (HR, 0.27; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.83; p=0.022) versus placebo, at 2 years. The number of T1 gadolinium-enhancing lesions and the number of new/enlarged T2-hyperintense lesions were significantly reduced (p=0.01 and p<0.0001, respectively). Both T1-enhancing and new/enlarging T2-hyperintense lesions were significantly reduced (p=0.05 and p<0.0001, respectively). No significant adverse events were reported. Conclusions Neuroaspis plp10 added to IFN-β was significantly more effective than IFN-β alone in patients with RRMS. Trial registration number ISRCTN06166891.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios C Pantzaris
- Neurology Clinic C, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Christos Bakirtzis
- Department of Neurology Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Department of Neurology Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Hadjigeorgiou
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Neurology, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efthimos Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - George Loucaides
- Neurology Clinic C, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Evangelia Ntzani
- Department of Neurology, Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine (UISM), Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Savvas Omorfos
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Paola Valsasina
- Division of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Research Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Messina
- Division of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Research Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Preziosa
- Division of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Research Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria A Rocca
- Division of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Research Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Division of Neuroscience, Universita Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
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9
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van Eenige R, In Het Panhuis W, Schönke M, Jouffe C, Devilee TH, Siebeler R, Streefland TCM, Sips HCM, Pronk ACM, Vorderman RHP, Mei H, van Klinken JB, van Weeghel M, Uhlenhaut NH, Kersten S, Rensen PCN, Kooijman S. Angiopoietin-like 4 governs diurnal lipoprotein lipase activity in brown adipose tissue. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101497. [PMID: 35413480 PMCID: PMC9048098 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Brown adipose tissue (BAT) burns fatty acids (FAs) to produce heat, and shows diurnal oscillation in glucose and triglyceride (TG)-derived FA-uptake, peaking around wakening. Here we aimed to gain insight in the diurnal regulation of metabolic BAT activity. Methods RNA-sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing, and lipidomics analyses were performed on BAT samples of wild type C57BL/6J mice collected at 3-hour intervals throughout the day. Knockout and overexpression models were used to study causal relationships in diurnal lipid handling by BAT. Results We identified pronounced enrichment of oscillating genes involved in extracellular lipolysis in BAT, accompanied by oscillations of FA and monoacylglycerol content. This coincided with peak lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) expression, and was predicted to be driven by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activity. ChIP-sequencing for PPARγ confirmed oscillation in binding of PPARγ to Lpl. Of the known LPL-modulators, angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) showed the largest diurnal amplitude opposite to Lpl, and both Angptl4 knockout and overexpression attenuated oscillations of LPL activity and TG-derived FA-uptake by BAT. Conclusions Our findings highlight involvement of PPARγ and a crucial role of ANGPTL4 in mediating the diurnal oscillation of TG-derived FA-uptake by BAT, and imply that time of day is essential when targeting LPL activity in BAT to improve metabolic health. The transcriptome and lipidome of brown fat show clusters with distinct circadian phases. The peak in metabolic brown fat activity is defined by activation of lipolytic processes. PPARγ shows oscillating binding to lipolytic genes and may drive diurnal brown fat activity. Genetic modulation of the lipoprotein lipase inhibitor Angptl4 flattens rhythmic activity in brown fat. Time of day should be considered when studying the metabolic benefits of targeting brown fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin van Eenige
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wietse In Het Panhuis
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Schönke
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Céline Jouffe
- Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology (IDE), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas H Devilee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ricky Siebeler
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Trea C M Streefland
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hetty C M Sips
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amanda C M Pronk
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ruben H P Vorderman
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Bert van Klinken
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Core Facility Metabolomics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nina H Uhlenhaut
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Metabolic Programming, Technical University of Munich School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Kooijman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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10
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Abstract
The brain is a highly energy-demanding organ and requires bioenergetic adaptability to balance normal activity with pathophysiological fuelling of spontaneous recurrent seizures, the hallmark feature of the epilepsies. Recurrent or prolonged seizures have long been known to permanently alter neuronal circuitry and to cause excitotoxic injury and aberrant inflammation. Furthermore, pathological changes in bioenergetics and metabolism are considered downstream consequences of epileptic seizures that begin at the synaptic level. However, as we highlight in this Review, evidence is also emerging that primary derangements in cellular or mitochondrial metabolism can result in seizure genesis and lead to spontaneous recurrent seizures. Basic and translational research indicates that the relationships between brain metabolism and epileptic seizures are complex and bidirectional, producing a vicious cycle that compounds the deleterious consequences of seizures. Metabolism-based treatments such as the high-fat, antiseizure ketogenic diet have become mainstream, and metabolic substrates and enzymes have become attractive molecular targets for seizure prevention and recovery. Moreover, given that metabolism is crucial for epigenetic as well as inflammatory changes, the idea that epileptogenesis can be both negatively and positively influenced by metabolic changes is rapidly gaining ground. Here, we review evidence that supports both pathophysiological and therapeutic roles for brain metabolism in epilepsy.
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11
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Arena R, de Medeiros ACL, Secci G, Mancini S, Manuguerra S, Bovera F, Santulli A, Parisi G, Messina CM, Piccolo G. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Honeybee Pollen and Its Supercritical Fluid Extract on Immune Response and Fillet's Quality of Farmed Gilthead Seabream ( Sparus aurata). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060675. [PMID: 35327073 PMCID: PMC8944498 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The awareness of the correlation between administered diet, fish health and products’ quality has led to the increase in the research for innovative and functional feed ingredients. Herein, a plant-derived product rich in bioactive compounds, such as honeybee pollen (HBP), was included as raw (HBP) and as Supercritical Fluid Extracted (SFE) pollen (HBP_SFE) in the diet for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). The experiment was carried out on 90 fish with an average body weight of 294.7 ± 12.8 g, divided into five groups, according to the administration of five diets for 30 days: control diet (CTR); two diets containing HBP at 5% (P5) and at 10% (P10) level of inclusion; two diets containing HBP_SFE, at 0.5% (E0.5) and at 1% (E1) level of inclusion. Their effects were evaluated on 60 specimens (336.2 ± 11.4 g average final body weight) considering the fish growth, the expression of some hepatic genes involved in the inflammatory response (il-1β, il-6 and il-8) through quantitative real-time PCR, and physico-chemical characterization (namely color, texture, water holding capacity, fatty acid profile and lipid peroxidation) of the fish fillets monitored at the beginning (day 0) and after 110 days of storage at −20 °C. The results obtained showed that the treatment with diet E1 determined the up-regulation of il-1β, il-6, and il-8 (p < 0.05); however, this supplementation did not significantly contribute to limiting the oxidative stress. Nevertheless, no detrimental effect on color and the other physical characteristics was observed. These results suggest that a low level of HBP_SFE could be potentially utilized in aquaculture as an immunostimulant more than an antioxidant, but further investigation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Arena
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department of Earth and Sea Sciences-DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (R.A.); (S.M.); (A.S.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Adja Cristina Lira de Medeiros
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry-DAGRI, University of Firenze, Via Delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.C.L.d.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Giulia Secci
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry-DAGRI, University of Firenze, Via Delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.C.L.d.M.); (G.S.)
| | - Simone Mancini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale Delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Simona Manuguerra
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department of Earth and Sea Sciences-DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (R.A.); (S.M.); (A.S.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Fulvia Bovera
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (F.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Andrea Santulli
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department of Earth and Sea Sciences-DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (R.A.); (S.M.); (A.S.); (C.M.M.)
- Institute of Marine Biology, University Consortium of the Province of Trapani, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy
| | - Giuliana Parisi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry-DAGRI, University of Firenze, Via Delle Cascine 5, 50144 Firenze, Italy; (A.C.L.d.M.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-2755590
| | - Concetta Maria Messina
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Department of Earth and Sea Sciences-DiSTeM, University of Palermo, Via Barlotta 4, 91100 Trapani, Italy; (R.A.); (S.M.); (A.S.); (C.M.M.)
| | - Giovanni Piccolo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Delpino 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy; (F.B.); (G.P.)
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12
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Adipose Tissue Dysfunctions in Response to an Obesogenic Diet Are Reduced in Mice after Transgenerational Supplementation with Omega 3 Fatty Acids. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120838. [PMID: 34940596 PMCID: PMC8706165 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by profound alterations in adipose tissue (AT) biology, leading to whole body metabolic disturbances such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. These alterations are related to the development of a local inflammation, fibrosis, hypertrophy of adipocytes, and dysregulation in energy homeostasis, notably in visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Omega 3 (n-3) fatty acids (FA) have been described to possess beneficial effects against obesity-related disorders, including in the AT; however, the long-term effect across generations remains unknown. The current study was conducted to identify if supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) for three generations could protect from the consequences of an obesogenic diet in VAT. Young mice from the third generation of a lineage receiving a daily supplementation (1% of the diet) with fish oil rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or an isocaloric amount of sunflower oil, were fed a high-fat, high-sugar content diet for 4 months. We explore the transcriptomic adaptations in each lineage using DNA microarray in VAT and bioinformatic exploration of biological regulations using online databases. Transgenerational intake of EPA led to a reduced activation of inflammatory processes, perturbation in metabolic homeostasis, cholesterol metabolism, and mitochondrial functions in response to the obesogenic diet as compared to control mice from a control lineage. This suggests that the continuous intake of long chain n-3 PUFA could be preventive in situations of oversupply of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods.
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13
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Dietary and supplemental long-chain omega-3 fatty acids as moderators of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:589-604. [PMID: 34392394 PMCID: PMC8854294 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02655-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Purpose There is an ever-growing body of literature examining the relationship between dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3 PUFAs) and cerebral structure and function throughout life. In light of this, the use of ω3 PUFAs, namely, long-chain (LC) ω3 PUFAs (i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), as a therapeutic strategy to mitigate cognitive impairment, and progression to Alzheimer’s disease is an attractive prospect. This review aims to summarise evidence reported by observational studies and clinical trials that investigated the role of LC ω3 PUFAs against cognition impairment and future risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Methods Studies were identified in PubMed and Scopus using the search terms “omega-3 fatty acids”, “Alzheimer’s disease” and “cognition”, along with common variants. Inclusion criteria included observational or randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with all participants aged ≥ 50 years that reported on the association between LC ω3 PUFAs and cognitive function or biological markers indicative of cognitive function linked to Alzheimer’s disease. Results Evidence from 33 studies suggests that dietary and supplemental LC ω3 PUFAs have a protective effect against cognitive impairment. Synaptic plasticity, neuronal membrane fluidity, neuroinflammation, and changes in expression of genes linked to cognitive decline have been identified as potential targets of LC ω3 PUFAs. The protective effects LC ω3 PUFAs on cognitive function and reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease were supported by both observational studies and RCTs, with RCTs suggesting a more pronounced effect in individuals with early and mild cognitive impairment. Conclusion The findings of this review suggest that individuals consuming higher amounts of LC ω3 PUFAs are less likely to develop cognitive impairment and that, as a preventative strategy against Alzheimer’s disease, it is most effective when dietary LC ω3 PUFAs are consumed prior to or in the early stages of cognitive decline. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-021-02655-4.
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14
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Gąsiorkiewicz BM, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Piska K, Pękala E. Autophagy modulating agents as chemosensitizers for cisplatin therapy in cancer. Invest New Drugs 2020; 39:538-563. [PMID: 33159673 PMCID: PMC7960624 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although cisplatin is one of the most common antineoplastic drug, its successful utilisation in cancer treatment is limited by the drug resistance. Multiple attempts have been made to find potential cisplatin chemosensitisers which would overcome cancer cells resistance thus improving antineoplastic efficacy. Autophagy modulation has become an important area of interest regarding the aforementioned topic. Autophagy is a highly conservative cellular self-digestive process implicated in response to multiple environmental stressors. The high basal level of autophagy is a common phenomenon in cisplatin-resistant cancer cells which is thought to grant survival benefit. However current evidence supports the role of autophagy in either promoting or limiting carcinogenesis depending on the context. This encourages the search of substances modulating the process to alleviate cisplatin resistance. Such a strategy encompasses not only simple autophagy inhibition but also harnessing the process to induce autophagy-dependent cell death. In this paper, we briefly describe the mechanism of cisplatin resistance with a special emphasis on autophagy and we give an extensive literature review of potential substances with cisplatin chemosensitising properties related to autophagy modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Mateusz Gąsiorkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Piska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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15
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Acharya P, Uppin V, Zarei M, Talahalli RR. Role of n-3 Fatty Acids on Bile Acid Metabolism and Transport in Dyslipidemia: A Review. Lipids 2020; 56:125-139. [PMID: 33074554 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dietary n-3 fatty acids, especially of marine origin, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), have always been lauded for their profound effects on regulating the risk factors for major metabolic disorders. Yet, their consumption rate is poor compared to n-6 fatty acids [linoleic acid (18:2n-6)], which are predominantly consumed. Hence, the skewed n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio may have a bearing on the risk factors of various diseases, including dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia and other lifestyle diseases associated with it, such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, are a growing concern in both developed and developing countries. A common strategy for addressing dyslipidemia involves bile acid (BA) sequestration, to interrupt the enterohepatic circulation of BA, resulting in the modulation of lipid absorption in the intestine, thereby normalizing the levels of circulating lipids. The BA homeostasis is under the tight control of hepatic and enteric BA transporters. Many investigations have reported the effects of dietary constituents, including certain fatty acids on the reabsorption and transport of BA. However, a critical review of the effects of n-3 fatty acids on BA metabolism and transport is not available. The present review attempts to explore certain unmapped facets of the n-3 fatty acids on BA metabolism and transport in dyslipidemia, and their interplay with biological processes involving lipid rafts and gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Acharya
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, KRS Road, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Vinayak Uppin
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, KRS Road, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Mehrdad Zarei
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, KRS Road, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
| | - Ramaprasad R Talahalli
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, KRS Road, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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16
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Danesi F, Larsen BD, Di Nunzio M, Nielsen R, de Biase D, Valli V, Mandrup S, Bordoni A. Co-Administration of Propionate or Protocatechuic Acid Does Not Affect DHA-Specific Transcriptional Effects on Lipid Metabolism in Cultured Hepatic Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102952. [PMID: 32993128 PMCID: PMC7599819 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) are collectively recognized triglyceride-lowering agents, and their preventive action is likely mediated by changes in gene expression. However, as most studies employ fish oil, which contains a mixture of n-3 LC-PUFAs, the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-specific transcriptional effects on lipid metabolism are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to further elucidate the DHA-induced transcriptional effects on lipid metabolism in the liver, and to investigate the effects of co-administration with other bioactive compounds having effects on lipid metabolism. To this purpose, HepG2 cells were treated for 6 or 24 h with DHA, the short-chain fatty acid propionate (PRO), and protocatechuic acid (PCA), the main human metabolite of cyanidin-glucosides. Following supplementation, we mapped the global transcriptional changes. PRO and PCA alone had a very slight effect on the transcriptome; on the contrary, supplementation of DHA highly repressed the steroid and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, this transcriptional modulation being not affected by co-supplementation. Our results confirm that DHA effect on lipid metabolism are mediated at least in part by modulation of the expression of specific genes. PRO and PCA could contribute to counteracting dyslipidemia through other mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Danesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (F.D.); (M.D.N.); (V.V.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Agri-food Industrial Research (CIRI Agrifood), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Bjørk D. Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Syddansk Universitet, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; (B.D.L.); (R.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Mattia Di Nunzio
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (F.D.); (M.D.N.); (V.V.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Agri-food Industrial Research (CIRI Agrifood), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Ronni Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Syddansk Universitet, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; (B.D.L.); (R.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Dario de Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Veronica Valli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (F.D.); (M.D.N.); (V.V.)
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Syddansk Universitet, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; (B.D.L.); (R.N.); (S.M.)
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy; (F.D.); (M.D.N.); (V.V.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Agri-food Industrial Research (CIRI Agrifood), University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0547-338955
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17
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DGLA from the Microalga Lobosphaera Incsa P127 Modulates Inflammatory Response, Inhibits iNOS Expression and Alleviates NO Secretion in RAW264.7 Murine Macrophages. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092892. [PMID: 32971852 PMCID: PMC7551185 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae have been considered as a renewable source of nutritional, cosmetic and pharmaceutical compounds. The ability to produce health-beneficial long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) is of high interest. LC-PUFA and their metabolic lipid mediators, modulate key inflammatory pathways in numerous models. In particular, the metabolism of arachidonic acid under inflammatory challenge influences the immune reactivity of macrophages. However, less is known about another omega-6 LC-PUFA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), which exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activities, which contrast with its delta-5 desaturase product, arachidonic acid (ARA). In this work, we examined whether administrating DGLA would modulate the inflammatory response in the RAW264.7 murine macrophage cell line. DGLA was applied for 24 h in the forms of carboxylic (free) acid, ethyl ester, and ethyl esters obtained from the DGLA-accumulating delta-5 desaturase mutant strain P127 of the green microalga Lobosphaera incisa. DGLA induced a dose-dependent increase in the RAW264.7 cells’ basal secretion of the prostaglandin PGE1. Upon bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimuli, the enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), was affected little by DGLA, while interleukin 6 (IL-6), nitric oxide, and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased significantly. DGLA administered at 100 µM in all forms attenuated the LPS-induced expression of the key inflammatory genes in a concerted manner, in particular iNOS, IL-6, and LxR, in the form of free acid. PGE1 was the major prostaglandin detected in DGLA-supplemented culture supernatants, whose production prevailed over ARA-derived PGE2 and PGD2, which were less affected by LPS-stimulation compared with the vehicle control. An overall pattern of change indicated DGLA’s induced alleviation of the inflammatory state. Finally, our results indicate that microalgae-derived, DGLA-enriched ethyl esters (30%) exhibited similar activities to DGLA ethyl esters, strengthening the potential of this microalga as a potent source of this rare anti-inflammatory fatty acid.
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18
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Jaladanki CK, He Y, Zhao LN, Maurer-Stroh S, Loo LH, Song H, Fan H. Virtual screening of potentially endocrine-disrupting chemicals against nuclear receptors and its application to identify PPARγ-bound fatty acids. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:355-374. [PMID: 32909075 PMCID: PMC7811525 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are key regulators of energy homeostasis, body development, and sexual reproduction. Xenobiotics binding to NRs may disrupt natural hormonal systems and induce undesired adverse effects in the body. However, many chemicals of concerns have limited or no experimental data on their potential or lack-of-potential endocrine-disrupting effects. Here, we propose a virtual screening method based on molecular docking for predicting potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that bind to NRs. For 12 NRs, we systematically analyzed how multiple crystal structures can be used to distinguish actives and inactives found in previous high-throughput experiments. Our method is based on (i) consensus docking scores from multiple structures at a single functional state (agonist-bound or antagonist-bound), (ii) multiple functional states (agonist-bound and antagonist-bound), and (iii) multiple pockets (orthosteric site and alternative sites) of these NRs. We found that the consensus enrichment from multiple structures is better than or comparable to the best enrichment from a single structure. The discriminating power of this consensus strategy was further enhanced by a chemical similarity-weighted scoring scheme, yielding better or comparable enrichment for all studied NRs. Applying this optimized method, we screened 252 fatty acids against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and successfully identified 3 previously unknown fatty acids with Kd = 100-250 μM including two furan fatty acids: furannonanoic acid (FNA) and furanundecanoic acid (FUA), and one cyclopropane fatty acid: phytomonic acid (PTA). These results suggested that the proposed method can be used to rapidly screen and prioritize potential EDCs for further experimental evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya K Jaladanki
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix No. 07-01, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
- Toxicity Mode-of-Action Discovery (ToxMAD) Platform, Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety Programme, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Yang He
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Li Na Zhao
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix No. 07-01, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix No. 07-01, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
- Toxicity Mode-of-Action Discovery (ToxMAD) Platform, Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety Programme, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Lit-Hsin Loo
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix No. 07-01, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
- Toxicity Mode-of-Action Discovery (ToxMAD) Platform, Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety Programme, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Haiwei Song
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix No. 07-01, Singapore, 138671, Singapore.
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Bae S, Kim MK, Kim HS, Moon YA. Arachidonic acid induces ER stress and apoptosis in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2020; 24:260-266. [PMID: 33209199 PMCID: PMC7646553 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2020.1813805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have important functions in biological systems. The beneficial effects of dietary PUFAs against inflammatory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders have been shown. Studies using cancer cells have presented the anti-tumorigenic effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 PUFA, while arachidonic acid (AA), an n-6 PUFA, has been shown to elicit both pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects. In the current study, the anti-tumorigenic effects of AA were evaluated in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Upon adding AA in the media, more than 90% of HT-29 cells died, while the MCF7 cells showed good proliferation. AA inhibited the expression of SREBP-1 and its target genes that encode enzymes involved in fatty acid synthesis. As HT-29 cells contained lower basal levels of fatty acid synthase, a target gene of SREBP-1, than that in MCF7 cells, the inhibitory effects of AA on the fatty acid synthase levels in HT-29 cells were much stronger than those in MCF-7 cells. When oleic acid (OA), a monounsaturated fatty acid that can be synthesized endogenously, was added along with AA, the HT-29 cells were able to proliferate. These results suggested that HT-29 cells could not synthesize enough fatty acids for cell division in the presence of AA because of the suppression of lipogenesis. HT-29 cells may incorporate more AA into their membrane phospholipids to proliferate, which resulted in ER stress, thereby inducing apoptosis. AA could be used as an anti-tumorigenic agent against cancer cells in which the basal fatty acid synthase levels are low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijeong Bae
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of New Drug Development, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hong Seok Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Ah Moon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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Li J, Wang J, Hou S, Huang Y, Chen H, Sun Z, Chen D. Exposure to bisphenol analogues interrupts growth, proliferation, and fatty acid compositions of protozoa Tetrahymena thermophila. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 395:122643. [PMID: 32334280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A number of bisphenol A (BPA) analogues are increasingly used as its industrial alternatives. However, their effects on aquatic organisms at both individual and population levels have not been well understood. In this study, effects of five bisphenol analogues (i.e., BPA, BPAF, BPB, BPE and BPS) were investigated by using the unicellular eukaryote Tetrahymena thermophila as a model organism. All of them inhibited individual growth and population proliferation at a concentration of 2.6 μM or 13.0 μM during the 60-h exposure period, with the population suppression capacify ranked as: BPB > BPA ≈ BPAF > BPE > BPS. These analogues also exhibited chemical-specific disruption of fatty acid profiles in single-cell eukaryotes and the transcriptional levels of enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism/biosynthesis. For example, exposure to BPA and BPE significantly increased the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids, contrary to the desaturation effects exhibited by BPAF and BPB. Overall, our results clearly indicated that these bisphenol analogues could pose chemical-specific effects on low-trophic level aquatic organisms, particularly disruption of endogenous metabolic balances. Selected analogues (i.e., BPB and BPAF) could result in effects similar to or even greater than that of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Sen Hou
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hexia Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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21
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Bewicz-Binkowska D, Zgorzynska E, Dziedzic B, Walczewska A. Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Inhibits FADS2 Expression in Astrocytes but Increases Survival of Neurons Co-cultured with DHA-enriched Astrocytes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2020; 8:232-240. [PMID: 32489952 PMCID: PMC7241842 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.8.3.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the most abundant n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3PUFA) in the brain, has attracted great importance for a variety of neuronal functions such as signal transduction through plasma membranes, neuronal plasticity, and neuroprotection. Astrocytes that provide structural, functional, and metabolic support for neurons, express ∆6- desaturase encoded by FADS2 gene that can be, next to the plasma DHA pool, additional source of DHA in the brain. Furthermore, the genetic variations of FADS gene cluster has been found in children with developmental disorders, and are associated with cognitive functions. Since, the regulation of DHA biosynthesis in astrocytes remains poorly studied the aim of this study was to determine the effect of palmitic acid (PA), α-linolenic acid (ALA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on the transcription of FADS2 gene in astrocytes and survival of neurons challenged with oxidative compounds after co-culture with astrocytes exposed to DHA. The lipid profile in cell membranes after incubation with fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography, and FADS2 expression was analyzed using real-time PCR. The viability of neurons cocultured with PUFA-enriched astrocytes was investigated by flow cytometry after staining cells with annexin V-FITC and PI. The results showed that DHA suppressed (P <0.01), PA stimulated (P <0.01), while ALA did not change the FADS2 gene expression after 24 h incubation of astrocytes with fatty acids. Although FADS2 mRNA was down-regulated by DHA, its level in astrocytic membranes significantly increased (P <0.01). Astrocytes with DHA-enriched membrane phospholipids markedly enhanced neuronal resistance to cytotoxic compounds and neuronal survival. These results suggest that beneficial effects of supplementation with n-3 PUFA in Alzheimer disease and in psychiatric disorders is caused, in part, by increased efficacy of DHA-enriched astrocytes to protect neurons under adverse conditions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilia Zgorzynska
- Department of Cell-to-Cell Communication, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Dziedzic
- Department of Cell-to-Cell Communication, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Walczewska
- Department of Cell-to-Cell Communication, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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22
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Sakae Y, Oikawa A, Sugiura Y, Mita M, Nakamura S, Nishimura T, Suematsu M, Tanaka M. Starvation causes female-to-male sex reversal through lipid metabolism in the teleost fish, medaka ( Olyzias latipes). Biol Open 2020; 9:9/4/bio050054. [PMID: 32265199 PMCID: PMC7132775 DOI: 10.1242/bio.050054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The teleost fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes), employs the XX/XY genetic sex determination system. We show here that the phenotypic sex of medaka is affected by changes in lipid metabolism. Medaka larvae subjected to 5 days of starvation underwent female-to-male sex reversal. Metabolomic and RT-qPCR analyses indicated that pantothenate metabolism was suppressed by starvation. Consistently, inhibiting the pantothenate metabolic pathway caused sex reversal. The final metabolite in this pathway is coenzyme A, an essential factor for lipogenesis. Inhibiting fatty acid synthesis, the first step of lipogenesis, also caused sex reversal. The expression of dmrt1, a critical gene for male development, was suppressed by starvation, and a dmrt1 (Δ13) mutant did not show sex reversal under starvation. Collectively, these results indicate that fatty acid synthesis is involved in female-to-male sex reversal through ectopic expression of male gene dmrt1 under starvation. Summary: We investigated the effects of starvation on sex differentiation in medaka. Starvation caused female-to-male sex reversal through pantothenate metabolism, fatty acid synthesis and dmrt1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Sakae
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics for Reproduction, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Akira Oikawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Metabolomics Research Group, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Mita
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nishimura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Makoto Suematsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan .,Laboratory of Molecular Genetics for Reproduction, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan.,SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
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23
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Maternal diets enriched in olive oil regulate lipid metabolism and levels of PPARs and their coactivators in the fetal liver in a rat model of gestational diabetes mellitus. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 78:108334. [PMID: 32004928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In a rat model of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) programmed in the offspring of neonatal streptozotocin-induced (nSTZ) diabetic rats, lipids are accumulated in the fetal liver in a sex-dependent way. Here, we evaluated whether maternal diets enriched in olive oil in rats that will develop GDM ameliorate lipid metabolic impairments in the fetal livers. Pregnant offspring of control and nSTZ diabetic rats (F0) were fed a 6% olive oil-supplemented diet throughout the F1 gestation. We evaluated maternal metabolic parameters as well as lipid content, expression of lipid metabolizing enzymes and protein expression of PLIN2, PPARs and PPAR coactivators in the fetal livers. The offspring of nSTZ diabetic rats developed GDM regardless of the maternal treatment. Hypertriglyceridemia in GDM rats was prevented by the olive oil-enriched maternal treatment. In the livers of male fetuses of GDM rats, the maternal olive oil-supplemented diet prevented lipid overaccumulation and prevented the increase in PPARγ and PPARδ levels. In the livers of female fetuses of GDM rats, the maternal olive oil supplementation prevented the increase in PPARδ levels and the reduction in PGC1α levels, but did not prevent the reduced lipid content. Control and GDM rats showed a reduction of lipid metabolic enzymes in the fetal livers, which was associated with reduced levels of the PPAR coactivators PGC-1α and SRC-1 in males and of SRC-1 in females. These results suggest powerful effects of a maternal olive oil-supplemented diet in the fetal liver, possibly providing benefits in the fetuses and offspring from GDM rats.
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24
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Ganguli G, Mukherjee U, Sonawane A. Peroxisomes and Oxidative Stress: Their Implications in the Modulation of Cellular Immunity During Mycobacterial Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1121. [PMID: 31258517 PMCID: PMC6587667 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Host redox dependent physiological responses play crucial roles in the determination of mycobacterial infection process. Mtb explores oxygen rich lung microenvironments to initiate infection process, however, later on the bacilli adapt to oxygen depleted conditions and become non-replicative and unresponsive toward anti-TB drugs to enter in the latency stage. Mtb is equipped with various sensory mechanisms and a battery of pro- and anti-oxidant enzymes to protect themselves from the host oxidative stress mechanisms. After host cell invasion, mycobacteria induces the expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) to generate superoxide radicals (O 2 - ), which are then converted to more toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and subsequently reduced to water by catalase. However, the metabolic cascades and their key regulators associated with cellular redox homeostasis are poorly understood. Phagocytosed mycobacteria en route through different subcellular organelles, where the local environment generated during infection determines the outcome of disease. For a long time, mitochondria were considered as the key player in the redox regulation, however, accumulating evidences report vital role for peroxisomes in the maintenance of cellular redox equilibrium in eukaryotic cells. Deletion of peroxisome-associated peroxin genes impaired detoxification of reactive oxygen species and peroxisome turnover post-infection, thereby leading to altered synthesis of transcription factors, various cell-signaling cascades in favor of the bacilli. This review focuses on how mycobacteria would utilize host peroxisomes to alter redox balance and metabolic regulatory mechanisms to support infection process. Here, we discuss implications of peroxisome biogenesis in the modulation of host responses against mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Ganguli
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT (deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Utsav Mukherjee
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT (deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT (deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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25
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Abstract
Some food bioactives potentially exert anti-obesity effects. Anthocyanins (ACN), catechins, β-glucan (BG) and n-3 long chain PUFA (LCPUFA) are among the most promising candidates and have been considered as a strategy for the development of functional foods counteracting body weight gain. At present, clinical trials, reviews and meta-analyses addressing anti-obesity effects of various bioactives or bioactive-rich foods show contradictory results. Abdominal obesity is an important criterion for metabolic syndrome (MetS) diagnosis along with glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Food bioactives are supposed to exert beneficial effects on these parameters, therefore representing alternative therapy approaches for the treatment of MetS. This review summarises outcomes on MetS biomarkers in recent clinical trials supplementing ACN, catechins, BG and n-3 LCPUFA, focusing mainly on anti-obesity effects. Overall, it is clear that the level of evidence for the effectiveness varies not only among the different bioactives but also among the different putative health benefits suggested for the same bioactive. Limited evidence may be due to the low number of controlled intervention trials or to inconsistencies in trial design, i.e. duration, dose and/or the method of bioactive supplementation (extracts, supplements, rich or enriched food). At present, the question 'Are bioactives effective in weight management and prevention of metabolic syndrome?' remains inconclusive. Thus, a common effort to harmonise the study design of intervention trials focusing on the most promising bioactive molecules is urgently needed to strengthen the evidence of their potential in the treatment of obesity, MetS and related diseases.
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26
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Armand M, Bernard JY, Forhan A, Heude B, Charles MA, Annesi-Maesano I, Bernard JY, Botton J, Charles MA, Dargent-Molina P, de Lauzon-Guillain B, Ducimetière P, De Agostini M, Foliguet B, Forhan A, Fritel X, Germa A, Goua V, Hankard R, Heude B, Kaminski M, Larroque B, Lelong N, Lepeule J, Magnin G, Marchand L, Nabet C, Pierre F, Slama R, Saurel-Cubizolles MJ, Schweitzer M, Thiebaugeorges O. Maternal nutritional determinants of colostrum fatty acids in the EDEN mother-child cohort. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:2127-2136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Kim KP, Jeon S, Kim MJ, Cho Y. Borage oil restores acidic skin pH by up-regulating the activity or expression of filaggrin and enzymes involved in epidermal lactate, free fatty acid, and acidic free amino acid metabolism in essential fatty acid-deficient Guinea pigs. Nutr Res 2018; 58:26-35. [PMID: 30340812 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Borage oil (BO) reverses a disrupted epidermal lipid barrier and hyperproliferation in essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). However, little is known about its effect on skin pH, which is maintained by epidermal lactate, free fatty acids (FFAs), and free amino acids (FAAs) which is generated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2), or filaggrin degradation with peptidylarginine deiminase-3 (PADI3). We hypothesized that BO restores skin pH by regulating epidermal lactate, FFA metabolism, or FAA metabolism in EFAD. To test this hypothesis, EFAD was induced in guinea pigs by a hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO) diet for 8 weeks, followed by 2 weeks of a BO diet (group HCO + BO). As controls, groups HCO and BO were fed HCO or BO diets for 10 weeks. In group HCO + BO, skin pH, which was less acidic in group HCO, was restored; and epidermal lactate and total FFAs, including palmitate, stearate, linoleate, arachidate, behenate, and lignocerate, were higher than in group HCO. LDH and sPLA2 (mainly the PLA2G2F isoform) activities and protein expressions were similar between groups HCO + BO and BO. Epidermal acidic FAAs, as well as filaggrin and PADI3 protein and mRNA expressions were higher in group HCO + BO than in group HCO. Oleate, total FAAs including other FAAs, and LDH and sPLA2 mRNA expressions were not altered between groups HCO and HCO + BO. Basic FAAs were not altered among groups. Dietary BO restored acidic skin pH and increased epidermal levels of lactate, most FFAs, and acidic FAAs by up-regulating LDH, sPLA2, filaggrin, and PADI3 activities as well as protein or mRNA expressions in EFAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Pyo Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghun Jeon
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ju Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhi Cho
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Jin A, Shi XC, Liu Y, Sun J, Ji H. Docosahexaenoic acid induces PPARγ-dependent preadipocytes apoptosis in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 266:211-219. [PMID: 29782840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) plays an important role in decreasing lipid accumulation by inducing apoptosis of the adipocytes in grass carp. However, the mechanism involved remains unclear. DHA has been reported as the natural ligand of PPARγ. The present study aimed to assess whether PPARγ mediates the pro-apoptotic effects by DHA. Adipocytes of grass carp were cultured until 2 days post-confluence and were treated with DHA at various concentrations-0, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μmol/L for 24 h and at 200 μmol/L for various time periods (0, 12, 24, and 48 h, respectively). Besides, the adipocytes were exposed to 200 μM DHA and PPARγ antagonist or inhibitor of certain key enzymes of apoptosis, following which the expression levels of key genes of the cell apoptotic and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways were detected. We found that DHA induced apoptosis of grass carp adipocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). In addition, DHA treatment significantly increased the protein and gene expression levels of PPARγ (P < 0.05), but the PPARγ antagonist significantly abolished this effect and the DHA pro-apoptotic effect (P < 0.05). Moreover, treatment with caspase 9 inhibitor significantly attenuated the DHA-induced preadipocytes apoptosis effects, while treatment with caspase 8 inhibitor showed no influence. These observations suggest that the DHA-induced apoptosis in adipocytes might be mediated by PPARγ and via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chen Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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29
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Dziedzic B, Bewicz-Binkowska D, Zgorzynska E, Stulczewski D, Wieteska L, Kaza B, Walczewska A. DHA upregulates FADS2 expression in primary cortical astrocytes exposed to vitamin A. Physiol Res 2018; 67:663-668. [PMID: 29750879 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The fads2 gene encoding delta6-desaturase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the LCPUFA biosynthesis is expressed in astrocytes. Dietary fatty acids, which cross the blood-brain barrier, may regulate the transcription of lipogenic enzymes through activation of transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The PPARs form the transcription complex with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) that are activated by 9-cis retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A (VA). The study examines whether challenge of astrocytes with VA, prior 24-h treatment with palmitic acid (PA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has the effect on the FADS2 expression. RT-qPCR showed that in astrocytes not challenged with VA, PA increased fads2 gene expression and DHA decreased it. However, in VA-primed astrocytes, PA doubled the FADS2 mRNA levels, while DHA increased fads2 gene expression, oppositely to non-primed cells. Furthermore, similar changes were seen in VA-primed astrocytes with regard to delta6-desaturase protein levels following PA and DHA treatment. ALA did not have any effect on the FADS2 mRNA and protein levels in either VA-primed or non-primed astrocytes. These findings indicate that in the presence of vitamin A, DHA upregulates fads2 gene expression in astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dziedzic
- Department of Cell-to-Cell Communication, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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30
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Maktoobian Baharanchi E, Moradi Sarabi M, Naghibalhossaini F. Effects of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on DNA Methylation and the Expression of DNMT3b and PPARα Genes in Rats. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2018; 10:214-219. [PMID: 30555653 PMCID: PMC6252034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested a protective role for Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) against cancer, cardiovascular, and other diseases. To provide new insights into the in vivo effects of PUFA on gene expression, the effects of dietary PUFA on DNMT3b and PPARα gene expression and global DNA methylation were investigated in selected rat tissues. METHODS Thirty sprague-dawley rats were allotted into 3 dietary groups of ten animals each, received experimental diets containing PUFAs every day by gavages for 12 weeks as follows: control group fed a normal diet and water; n-3 PUFAs group received 300 mg/kg/day n-3 PUFAs supplementation; mixed-PUFAs group received 300 mg/kg/day of a mixture of n-3, -6, -9 PUFAs supplementations. The expressions of DNMT3b and PPARα genes were quantitated using real-time RT-PCR. The genome-wide 5-methylcytosine contents in rat tissues were determined by ELISA method. RESULTS The average expression of the DNMT3b mRNA was 50% lower in the colon and liver of rats fed the n-3- or mixed-PUFAs supplemented diet than control group (p=0.00). However, PPARα expression was significantly upregulated both in the colon and liver of PUFAs-supplemented rats (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed in the blood, colon, and liver DNA methylation levels between PUFAs-supplemented and control animals. CONCLUSION The results indicate that dietary PUFAs could modulate the expressions of PPARα and DNMT3b genes in various rat tissues. The findings of this study provide additional insights into the in vivo mechanism of PUFA-mediated regulation of gene expression and could provide an opportunity to develop personalized diets for related disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mostafa Moradi Sarabi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fakhraddin Naghibalhossaini
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Autoimmune Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Corresponding author: Fakhraddin Naghibalhossaini, Ph.D., Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, Tel: +98 71 32303029, Fax: +98 71 32303029, E-mail:
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31
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Kopp R, Martínez IO, Legradi J, Legler J. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals perturbs lipid metabolism and circadian rhythms. J Environ Sci (China) 2017; 62:133-137. [PMID: 29289284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that exposure to environmental chemicals can contribute to the etiology of obesity by inappropriately stimulating adipogenesis as well as perturbing lipid metabolism and energy balance. One potential mechanism by which chemical exposure can influence lipid metabolism is through disturbance of circadian rhythms, endogenously-driven cycles of roughly 24hr in length that coordinate biochemical, physiological, and behavioral processes in all organisms. Here we show for the first time that exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), including the pesticide tributyltin, two commercial flame retardants, and a UV-filter chemical found in sunscreens, can perturb both circadian clocks and lipid metabolism in vertebrates. Exposure of developing zebrafish to EDCs affects core clock activity and leads to a remarkable increase in lipid accumulation that is reminiscent of the effects observed for longdaysin, a known disruptor of circadian rhythms. Our data reveal a novel obesogenic mechanism of action for environmental chemicals, an observation which warrants further research. Because circadian clocks regulate a wide variety of physiological processes, identification of environmental chemicals capable of perturbing these systems may provide important insights into the development of environmentally-induced metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate Kopp
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, 1081, HV, The Netherlands.
| | - Irene Ozáez Martínez
- Biology and Environmental Toxicology Group, Faculty of Sciences, National Distance Education University, 28015 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Legradi
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, 1081, HV, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette Legler
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, 1081, HV, The Netherlands; Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
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32
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Botchlett R, Woo SL, Liu M, Pei Y, Guo X, Li H, Wu C. Nutritional approaches for managing obesity-associated metabolic diseases. J Endocrinol 2017; 233:R145-R171. [PMID: 28400405 PMCID: PMC5511693 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an ongoing pandemic and serves as a causal factor of a wide spectrum of metabolic diseases including diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. Much evidence has demonstrated that nutrient overload/overnutrition initiates or exacerbates inflammatory responses in tissues/organs involved in the regulation of systemic metabolic homeostasis. This obesity-associated inflammation is usually at a low-grade and viewed as metabolic inflammation. When it exists continuously, inflammation inappropriately alters metabolic pathways and impairs insulin signaling cascades in peripheral tissues/organs such as adipose tissue, the liver and skeletal muscles, resulting in local fat deposition and insulin resistance and systemic metabolic dysregulation. In addition, inflammatory mediators, e.g., proinflammatory cytokines, and excessive nutrients, e.g., glucose and fatty acids, act together to aggravate local insulin resistance and form a vicious cycle to further disturb the local metabolic pathways and exacerbate systemic metabolic dysregulation. Owing to the critical role of nutrient metabolism in controlling the initiation and progression of inflammation and insulin resistance, nutritional approaches have been implicated as effective tools for managing obesity and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Based on the mounting evidence generated from both basic and clinical research, nutritional approaches are commonly used for suppressing inflammation, improving insulin sensitivity, and/or decreasing fat deposition. Consequently, the combined effects are responsible for improvement of systemic insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Botchlett
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Pinnacle Clinical ResearchLive Oak, USA
| | - Shih-Lung Woo
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Mengyang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Ya Pei
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
- Baylor College of MedicineHouston, USA
| | - Honggui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceTexas A&M University, College Station, USA
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Fiala M, Kooij G, Wagner K, Hammock B, Pellegrini M. Modulation of innate immunity of patients with Alzheimer's disease by omega-3 fatty acids. FASEB J 2017; 31:3229-3239. [PMID: 28420693 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700065r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system of patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is deregulated with highly increased or decreased transcription of inflammatory genes and consistently depressed phagocytosis of amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ) by monocytes and macrophages. Current immune therapies target single mechanisms in the adaptive immune system but not innate immunity. Here, we summarize recent advances in therapy by ω-3, ω-6, and epoxy fatty acids; specialized proresolving mediators; and vitamin D3 that have proven immune effects and emerging cognitive effects in patients with MCI. The hypothesis of this approach is that macrophages of normal participants, but not those of patients with Alzheimer's disease and MCI, possess effective phagocytosis for Aβ and protect homeostasis of the brain and, furthermore, that defective MCI macrophages recover phagocytic function via ω-3. Recent studies of fish-derived ω-3 supplementation in patients with MCI have shown polarization of Apoε3/ε3 patients' macrophages to an intermediate M1-M2 phenotype that is optimal for Aβ phagocytosis and the stabilization of cognitive decline. Therefore, accumulating preclinical and preliminary clinical evidence indicates that ω-3 supplementation should be tested in a randomized controlled clinical trial and that the analysis should involve the apolipoprotein E genotype and intervening conditions during trial.-Fiala, M., Kooij, G., Wagner, K., Hammock, B., Pellegrini, M. Modulation of innate immunity of patients with Alzheimer's disease by omega-3 fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Fiala
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA;
| | - Gijs Kooij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Medical Center, Multiple Sclerosis Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Wagner
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Yang H, Xiao L, Wang N. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α ligands and modulators from dietary compounds: Types, screening methods and functions. J Diabetes 2017; 9:341-352. [PMID: 27863018 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) plays a key role in lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis and a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases. Natural dietary compounds, including nutrients and phytochemicals, are PPARα ligands or modulators. High-throughput screening assays have been developed to screen for PPARα ligands and modulators in our diet. In the present review, we discuss recent advances in our knowledge of PPARα, including its structure, function, and ligand and modulator screening assays, and summarize the different types of dietary PPARα ligands and modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nanping Wang
- The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Di Nunzio M, Valli V, Bordoni A. PUFA and oxidative stress. Differential modulation of the cell response by DHA. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:834-43. [PMID: 27353954 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1201790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although an increased dietary intake of long-chain n-3 PUFA is considered an effective preventive strategy, a theoretical concern related to the possible increase of lipid peroxidation induced by a PUFA-rich diet still remains a problem. In this study, the effects of different PUFA (linoleic, α-linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid) on cytotoxicity, lipid oxidation, and modulation of antioxidant defenses were evaluated in HepG2 cells submitted to an oxidative stress (H2O2). Results clearly evidenced that all supplemented PUFA, but DHA, enhanced cell susceptibility to H2O2. Overall, our results underline that PUFA cannot be considered as a single category but as individual compounds, and research on mechanisms of action and preventive effects should deal with the individual fatty acids, particularly in the case of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Di Nunzio
- a Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research , University of Bologna , Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Veronica Valli
- b Department of Agri-Food Science and Technology , University of Bologna , Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Alessandra Bordoni
- a Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agri-Food Research , University of Bologna , Cesena (FC), Italy ;,b Department of Agri-Food Science and Technology , University of Bologna , Cesena (FC), Italy
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Heras-Sandoval D, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Pérez-Rojas JM. Role of docosahexaenoic acid in the modulation of glial cells in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:61. [PMID: 26965310 PMCID: PMC4787218 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 (ω-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) relevant for brain function. It has largely been explored as a potential candidate to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Clinical evidence favors a role for DHA in the improvement of cognition in very early stages of the AD. In response to stress or damage, DHA generates oxygenated derivatives called docosanoids that can activate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). In conjunction with activated retinoid X receptors (RXR), PPARγ modulates inflammation, cell survival, and lipid metabolism. As an early event in AD, inflammation is associated with an excess of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) that contributes to neural insult. Glial cells are recognized to be actively involved during AD, and their dysfunction is associated with the early appearance of this pathology. These cells give support to neurons, remove amyloid β peptides from the brain, and modulate inflammation. Since DHA can modulate glial cell activity, the present work reviews the evidence about this modulation as well as the effect of docosanoids on neuroinflammation and in some AD models. The evidence supports PPARγ as a preferred target for gene modulation. The effective use of DHA and/or its derivatives in a subgroup of people at risk of developing AD is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Heras-Sandoval
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, DF, México.,Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Tlalpan 14080, Apartado Postal 22026, México, DF, México
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México, DF, México
| | - Jazmin M Pérez-Rojas
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Av. San Fernando #22, Tlalpan 14080, Apartado Postal 22026, México, DF, México.
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Meher AP, Wadhwani N, Randhir K, Mehendale S, Wagh G, Joshi SR. Placental DHA and mRNA levels of PPARγ and LXRα and their relationship to birth weight. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:767-774. [PMID: 27578106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A very large number of fatty acids play wide range of physiological roles in cellular growth and function in placental as well as fetal growth. However, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in addition to its critical role in cellular membranes, is known to act as a ligand for several nuclear receptors and regulates the activity of transcription factor families like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, liver X receptor (LXR), retinoid X receptor (RXR), and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP). These transcription factors and DHA are known to regulate the placental and fetal growth and development. OBJECTIVE The objective of the present study was to examine the fatty acids and transcription factors in the placenta of women delivering low birth weight (LBW) babies. METHODS The present study examines the fatty acid and mRNA levels of various transcription factors in the placentae of women delivering normal birth weight (NBW) (n = 38) and women delivering LBW (n = 36). Placental fatty acids were analyzed using gas chromatography. Placental mRNA levels of PPARα, PPARγ, SREBP-1c, LXRα, RXRα, and RXRγ were examined using quantitative real time PCR. RESULT Placental DHA levels and mRNA levels of placental PPARγ and LXRα were lower (P < .05 for all) in women delivering LBW babies. There was a positive association of placental PPARγ mRNA levels and placental DHA levels with baby weight (P < .05 for both). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that lower placental DHA and transcription factors may have a vital role in the etiology of LBW babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya P Meher
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Nisha Wadhwani
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Karuna Randhir
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Savita Mehendale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Girija Wagh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bharati Medical College and Hospital, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India
| | - Sadhana R Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, India.
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Corder KR, DeMoranville KJ, Russell DE, Huss JM, Schaeffer PJ. Annual life-stage regulation of lipid metabolism and storage and association with PPARs in the migrant species Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis). J Exp Biol 2016; 219:3391-3398. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.141408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The annual cycle of a migrating bird involves metabolically distinct stages of substantial fatty acid storage and periods of increased fatty acid mobilization and utilization, and thus requires a great deal of phenotypic flexibility. Specific mechanisms directing stage transitions of lipid metabolism in migrants are largely unknown. This study characterized the role of the nuclear receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), in migratory adiposity of the Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis). Catbirds increased adipose storage during spring and fall migration and showed increased rates of basal lipolysis during migration and tropical overwintering. Expression of the PPAR target genes involved in fat uptake and storage, FABPpm and PLIN3, increased during pre-migratory fattening. We found significant correlation between PPARγ and target gene expression in adipose but little evidence that PPARα expression levels drive metabolic regulation in liver during the migratory cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely R. Corder
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford OH, 45056 USA
- Current address: Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR 97331, USA
| | - Kristen J. DeMoranville
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford OH, 45056 USA
- Current address: Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | | | - Janice M. Huss
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research, Division of Cellular and Molecular Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte CA, 91010, USA
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Arachidonic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Metabolism in Juvenile Atlantic Salmon as Affected by Water Temperature. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143622. [PMID: 26599513 PMCID: PMC4658193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmons raised in aquaculture farms around the world are increasingly subjected to sub-optimal environmental conditions, such as high water temperatures during summer seasons. Aerobic scope increases and lipid metabolism changes are known plasticity responses of fish for a better acclimation to high water temperature. The present study aimed at investigating the effect of high water temperature on the regulation of fatty acid metabolism in juvenile Atlantic salmon fed different dietary ARA/EPA ratios (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6/ eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3), with particular focus on apparent in vivo enzyme activities and gene expression of lipid metabolism pathways. Three experimental diets were formulated to be identical, except for the ratio EPA/ARA, and fed to triplicate groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) kept either at 10°C or 20°C. Results showed that fatty acid metabolic utilisation, and likely also their dietary requirements for optimal performance, can be affected by changes in their relative levels and by environmental temperature in Atlantic salmon. Thus, the increase in temperature, independently from dietary treatment, had a significant effect on the β-oxidation of a fatty acid including EPA, as observed by the apparent in vivo enzyme activity and mRNA expression of pparα -transcription factor in lipid metabolism, including β-oxidation genes- and cpt1 -key enzyme responsible for the movement of LC-PUFA from the cytosol into the mitochondria for β-oxidation-, were both increased at the higher water temperature. An interesting interaction was observed in the transcription and in vivo enzyme activity of Δ5fad-time-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway of EPA and ARA. Such, at lower temperature, the highest mRNA expression and enzyme activity was recorded in fish with limited supply of dietary EPA, whereas at higher temperature these were recorded in fish with limited ARA supply. In consideration that fish at higher water temperature recorded a significantly increased feed intake, these results clearly suggested that at high, sub-optimal water temperature, fish metabolism attempted to increment its overall ARA status -the most bioactive LC-PUFA participating in the inflammatory response- by modulating the metabolic fate of dietary ARA (expressed as % of net intake), reducing its β-oxidation and favouring synthesis and deposition. This correlates also with results from other recent studies showing that both immune- and stress- responses in fish are up regulated in fish held at high temperatures. This is a novel and fundamental information that warrants industry and scientific attention, in consideration of the imminent increase in water temperatures, continuous expansion of aquaculture operations, resources utilisation in aquafeed and much needed seasonal/adaptive nutritional strategies.
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Kabaran S, Besler HT. Do fatty acids affect fetal programming? JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2015; 33:14. [PMID: 26825664 PMCID: PMC5025983 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-015-0018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study discussed the primary and regulatory roles of fatty acids, and investigated the affects of fatty acids on metabolic programming. METHODS Review of the literature was carried out on three electronic databases to assess the roles of fatty acids in metabolic programming. All abstracts and full-text articles were examined, and the most relevant articles were selected for screening and inclusion in this review. RESULTS The mother's nutritional environment during fetal period has important effects on long term health. Fatty acids play a primary role in growth and development. Alterations in fatty acid intake in the fetal period may increase the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders in later life. Maternal fatty acid intakes during pregnancy and lactation are passed to the fetus and the newborn via the placenta and breast milk, respectively. Imbalances in fatty acid intake during the fetal period change the fatty acid composition of membrane phospholipids, which can cause structural and functional problems in cells. Additionally, the metabolic and neuroendocrine environments of the fetus and the newborn play key roles in the regulation of energy balance. CONCLUSIONS Imbalances in fatty acid intake during pregnancy and lactation may result in permanent changes in appetite control, neuroendocrine function and energy metabolism in the fetus, leading to metabolic programming. Further studies are needed to determine the role of fatty acid intake in metabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seray Kabaran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, T.R. North Cyprus via Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - H Tanju Besler
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Samanpazarı/Ankara, Turkey
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Ruf T, Arnold W. Daily and Seasonal Rhythms in Human Mucosa Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition. J Biol Rhythms 2015; 30:331-41. [DOI: 10.1177/0748730415588190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) can exert important physiological effects: for example, as precursors of eicosanoids, as signaling molecules, and, in particular, as parts of phospholipids, the major constituents of cell membranes. Animals can remodel cell membranes in terms of their FA composition in response to environmental conditions, and even endothermic mammals exhibit seasonal cycles in the FA makeup of membranes. Previous evidence pointed to the existence of both seasonal and daily cycles in phospholipid composition of human cell membranes. Therefore, we used a noninvasive method to collect human mucosa cells over 1 year in 20 healthy subjects, and we determined seasonal and daily rhythmicity of phospholipid FA content. Our results show that significant daily rhythms were detectable in 11 of 13 FAs and were largely synchronous among subjects. Also, these daily rhythms showed stable phase relationships between different FAs within subjects. In contrast, yearly rhythms in phospholipid FA content were statistically significant in only ~50% of subjects and were asynchronous between subjects. These results support the view that while human physiology is still dominated by geophysical sunrise and sunset, resulting in strong daily cycles, seasonal rhythms are less well defined, at least in Western societies. We suggest that the main physiological function underlying rhythms in cell membrane composition is the regulation of the activity of transmembrane proteins, such as ion pumps, which can be strongly affected by the fatty acyl chains of phospholipids in the surrounding membrane bilayer. Hence, among a multitude of other functions, cycles in membrane FA composition may be involved in generating the daily rhythm of metabolic rate. Rhythms in certain membrane FAs, namely polyunsaturated and monounsaturated FAs that are known to affect health, could be also involved in daily and seasonal rhythms of diseases and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ruf
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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A metabolomic study of the PPARδ agonist GW501516 for enhancing running endurance in Kunming mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9884. [PMID: 25943561 PMCID: PMC4421799 DOI: 10.1038/srep09884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise can increase peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ (PPARδ) expression in skeletal muscle. PPARδ regulates muscle metabolism and reprograms muscle fibre types to enhance running endurance. This study utilized metabolomic profiling to examine the effects of GW501516, a PPARδ agonist, on running endurance in mice. While training alone increased the exhaustive running performance, GW501516 treatment enhanced running endurance and the proportion of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-positive muscle fibres in both trained and untrained mice. Furthermore, increased levels of intermediate metabolites and key enzymes in fatty acid oxidation pathways were observed following training and/or treatment. Training alone increased serum inositol, glucogenic amino acids, and branch chain amino acids. However, GW501516 increased serum galactose and β-hydroxybutyrate, independent of training. Additionally, GW501516 alone raised serum unsaturated fatty acid levels, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, but levels increased even more when combined with training. These findings suggest that mechanisms behind enhanced running capacity are not identical for GW501516 and training. Training increases energy availability by promoting catabolism of proteins, and gluconeogenesis, whereas GW501516 enhances specific consumption of fatty acids and reducing glucose utilization.
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Arnold W, Giroud S, Valencak TG, Ruf T. Ecophysiology of Omega Fatty Acids: A Lid for Every Jar. Physiology (Bethesda) 2015; 30:232-40. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00047.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega fatty acids affect various physiological functions, such as locomotion, cardiac function, and thermogenesis. We highlight evidence from animal models that points to pathways by which specific omega fatty acids exert differential effects. We suggest that optimizing the omega fatty acid composition of tissues involves trade-offs between costs and benefits of specific fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvain Giroud
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Teresa G. Valencak
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Ruf
- Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
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Soukup T. Effects of long-term thyroid hormone level alterations, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and statin administration in rats. Physiol Res 2014; 63:S119-31. [PMID: 24564652 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) play multiple roles in the organism and alterations of their levels can result in many pathological changes. Currently, we use hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rats as "models of a diseased organism" and analyze whether n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) administration can ameliorate TH-induced pathophysiological changes. We investigate myosin heavy chain composition, calsequestrin levels, changes in cardiac tissue remodeling and cell-to-cell communication, expression of protein kinases, mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress markers and cell death, changes in serum lipid levels, activities of key enzymes of thyroid hormone metabolism, activity of acetylcholine esterase and membrane anisotropy, as well as mobile behavior and thermal sensitivity. Additionally we also mention our pilot experiments dealing with the effect of statin administration on skeletal muscles and sensory functions. As THs and n-3 PUFA possess multiple sites of potential action, we hope that our complex research will contribute to a better understanding of their actions, which can be useful in the treatment of different pathophysiological events including cardiac insufficiency in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Soukup
- Department of Functional Morphology, Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Pierce BJ, McWilliams SR. The Fat of the Matter: How Dietary Fatty Acids Can Affect Exercise Performance. Integr Comp Biol 2014; 54:903-12. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icu098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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46
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Casanova E, Baselga-Escudero L, Ribas-Latre A, Cedó L, Arola-Arnal A, Pinent M, Bladé C, Arola L, Salvadó MJ. Chronic intake of proanthocyanidins and docosahexaenoic acid improves skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in diet-obese rats. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:1003-10. [PMID: 25011388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic. The cafeteria diet (CD) induces obesity and oxidative-stress-associated insulin resistance. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols are dietary compounds that are intensively studied as products that can reduce the health complications related to obesity. We evaluate the effects of 21 days of supplementation with grape seed proanthocyanidins extract (GSPE), docosahexaenoic-rich oil (DHA-OR) or both compounds (GSPE+DHA-OR) on skeletal muscle metabolism in diet-obese rats. The supplementation with different treatments did not reduce body weight, although all groups used more fat as fuel, particularly when both products were coadministered; muscle β-oxidation was activated, the mitochondrial functionality and oxidative capacity were higher, and fatty acid uptake gene expressions were up-regulated. In addition to these outcomes shared by all treatments, GSPE reduced insulin resistance and improved muscle status. Both treatments increased 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, which was consistent with higher plasma adiponectin levels. Moreover, AMPK activation by DHA-OR was also correlated with an up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (Pparα). GSPE+DHA-OR, in addition to activating AMPK and enhancing fatty acid oxidation, increased the muscle gene expression of uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2). In conclusion, GSPE+DHA-OR induced modifications that improved muscle status and could counterbalance the deleterious effects of obesity, and such modifications are mediated, at least in part, through the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Casanova
- Grup de Nutrigenomica, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laura Baselga-Escudero
- Grup de Nutrigenomica, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aleix Ribas-Latre
- Grup de Nutrigenomica, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lídia Cedó
- Grup de Nutrigenomica, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Grup de Nutrigenomica, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Pinent
- Grup de Nutrigenomica, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Grup de Nutrigenomica, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Grup de Nutrigenomica, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Josepa Salvadó
- Grup de Nutrigenomica, Departament de Bioquimica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescel·lades, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
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Meher A, Joshi A, Joshi S. Differential regulation of hepatic transcription factors in the Wistar rat offspring born to dams fed folic acid, vitamin B12 deficient diets and supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90209. [PMID: 24587285 PMCID: PMC3938654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional status of the mother is known to influence various metabolic adaptations required for optimal fetal development. These may be mediated by transcription factors like peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), which are activated by long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The objective of the current study was to examine the expression of different hepatic transcription factors and the levels of global methylation in the liver of the offspring born to dams fed micronutrient deficient (folic acid and vitamin B12) diets and supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids. Female rats were divided into five groups (n = 8/group) as follows; control, folic acid deficient (FD), vitamin B12 deficient (BD) and omega-3 fatty acid supplemented groups (FDO and BDO). Diets were given starting from pre-conception and continued throughout pregnancy and lactation. Pups were dissected at the end of lactation. Liver tissues were removed; snap frozen and stored at −80°C. Maternal micronutrients deficiency resulted in lower (p<0.05) levels of pup liver docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) as compared to the control group. Pup liver PPARα and PPARγ expression was lower (p<0.05) in the BD group although there were no differences in the expression of SREBP-1c, LXRα and RXRα expression. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to this group normalized (p<0.05) levels of both PPARα and PPARγ but reduced (p<0.05) SREBP-1c, LXRα and RXRα expression. There was no change in any of the transcription factors in the pup liver in the FD group. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to this group reduced (p<0.05) PPARα, SREBP-1c and RXRα expression. Pup liver global methylation levels were higher (p<0.01) in both the micronutrients deficient groups and could be normalized (p<0.05) by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. Our novel findings suggest a role for omega-3 fatty acids in the one carbon cycle in influencing the hepatic expression of transcription factors in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya Meher
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asmita Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadhana Joshi
- Department of Nutritional Medicine, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Association between erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and biomarkers of dyslipidemia in the EPIC-Potsdam study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:517-25. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Transcriptional regulation of Δ6-desaturase by peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor δ agonist in human pancreatic cancer cells: role of MEK/ERK1/2 pathway. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:607524. [PMID: 24294133 PMCID: PMC3832962 DOI: 10.1155/2013/607524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Δ6-desaturase (Δ6D), also known as fatty acid desaturase 2, is a regulatory enzyme in de novo fatty acid synthesis, which has been linked to obesity and diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) agonist and MEK/ERK1/2-dependent pathway on the expression of Δ6D in human pancreatic carcinoma cell line PANC-1. PANC-1 cells cultured in RPMI-1640 were exposed to the commonly used ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor PD98059 and PPARδ agonist GW0742. Changes in mRNA and protein expression of Δ6D were then determined using real-time RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The expression of Δ6D (P < 0.01) increased following treatment with PPARδ agonist both at mRNA and protein levels, whereas no significant change was observed after treatment with MEK/ERK1/2 pathway inhibitor. It was also found that the increase in the expression of Δ6D in response to GW0742 was significantly inhibited by PD98059 (>40%, P < 0.05) or EGF receptor-selective inhibitor AG1478 (>25%, P < 0.05) pretreatment. PPARδ and MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways affect differentially the expression of Δ6D in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, there may be an inhibitory crosstalk between these two regulatory pathways on the mRNA expression of Δ6D and subsequently on Δ6D protein expression.
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López-Saiz CM, Suárez-Jiménez GM, Plascencia-Jatomea M, Burgos-Hernández A. Shrimp lipids: a source of cancer chemopreventive compounds. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:3926-50. [PMID: 24135910 PMCID: PMC3826143 DOI: 10.3390/md11103926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Shrimp is one of the most popular seafoods worldwide, and its lipids have been studied for biological activity in both, muscle and exoskeleton. Free fatty acids, triglycerides, carotenoids, and other lipids integrate this fraction, and some of these compounds have been reported with cancer chemopreventive activities. Carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids have been extensively studied for chemopreventive properties, in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Their mechanisms of action depend on the lipid chemical structure and include antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-mutagenic, and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. The purpose of this review is to lay groundwork for future research about the properties of the lipid fraction of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen-María López-Saiz
- Department of Research and Food Science Graduate Program, University of Sonora, Apartado Postal 1658, Hermosillo, Sonora 83000, Mexico.
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