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Dent MR, Rose JJ, Tejero J, Gladwin MT. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: From Microbes to Therapeutics. Annu Rev Med 2024; 75:337-351. [PMID: 37582490 PMCID: PMC11160397 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-052422-020045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning leads to 50,000-100,000 emergency room visits and 1,500-2,000 deaths each year in the United States alone. Even with treatment, survivors often suffer from long-term cardiac and neurocognitive deficits, highlighting a clear unmet medical need for novel therapeutic strategies that reduce morbidity and mortality associated with CO poisoning. This review examines the prevalence and impact of CO poisoning and pathophysiology in humans and highlights recent advances in therapeutic strategies that accelerate CO clearance and mitigate toxicity. We focus on recent developments of high-affinity molecules that take advantage of the uniquely strong interaction between CO and heme to selectively bind and sequester CO in preclinical models. These scavengers, which employ heme-binding scaffolds ranging from organic small molecules to hemoproteins derived from humans and potentially even microorganisms, show promise as field-deployable antidotes that may rapidly accelerate CO clearance and improve outcomes for survivors of acute CO poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Dent
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
| | - Jason J Rose
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ,
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ,
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Lee J, Kim GJ, Bashir S, Lee E, Ohn SH, Jung KI, Yoo WK. Heterogeneous Diffusion Metrics Patterns in Delayed Encephalopathy After Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Case Report. BRAIN & NEUROREHABILITATION 2023; 16:e34. [PMID: 38047103 PMCID: PMC10689858 DOI: 10.12786/bn.2023.16.e34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed encephalopathy (DE) following acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is characterized by a wide range of neurological symptoms, including akinetic mutism, cognitive impairment, and gait disturbances. Herein, we reported the case of a 61-year-old patient with DE after acute CO poisoning, who displayed heterogeneous patterns of cortical and subcortical structural integrity on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Four distinct patterns of diffusion tensor metrics (fractional anisotropy [FA] and mean diffusivity [MD]) were observed in the patient compared to age-matched controls (a decrease in FA and an increase in MD, a decrease in FA only, an increase in MD only, and an increase in FA and MD). This study revealed heterogeneous patterns of cortical and subcortical damage associated with DE after CO poisoning, contributing to a deeper understanding of the diverse clinical symptoms observed in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Gyu Jin Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Shahid Bashir
- Neuroscience Center, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eunjee Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Suk Hoon Ohn
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Kwang-Ik Jung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Woo-Kyoung Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
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Zhang J, Guo Y, Li W, Li G, Chen Y. The Efficacy of N-Butylphthalide and Dexamethasone Combined with Hyperbaric Oxygen on Delayed Encephalopathy After Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1333-1339. [PMID: 32308366 PMCID: PMC7135188 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s217010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a common health problem among people in many countries, primarily because of its severe clinical effects and high toxicological morbidity and mortality. Acute brain injury and delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) are the most common neurological complications. This study was performed to assess the efficacy of N-butylphthalide (NBP) and dexamethasone (DXM) combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in patients with DEACMP. Patients and Methods A total of 171 patients with DEACMP were recruited and assigned to the combined therapy group (receiving NBP and DXM 5 mg/day plus HBO therapy) or the control group (HBO therapy as monotherapy). Conventional treatments were provided for all patients. The cognition and movement changes in patients were evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale and the Barthel index of activities of daily living (ADL) before and after the treatment at 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year, respectively. Results At 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year after the treatment, the MMSE, MoCA and ADL scores were all significantly higher in the combined therapy group than those in the control group. There were no significant alterations in blood glucose, blood lipids, or liver and kidney function during the whole treatment session. Some patients experienced loss of appetite, mild headache and minor skin irritations. However, these patients recovered by themselves and needed no additional medications or special treatment. Conclusion These results indicated that NBP and DXM combined with HBO for the treatment of DEACMP can significantly improve the cognitive and motor functions of patients and is very safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewen Guo
- Emergency Department, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyao Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yankun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Moon JM, Chun BJ, Cho YS. The predictive value of scores based on peripheral complete blood cell count for long‐term neurological outcome in acute carbon monoxide intoxication. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 124:500-510. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Mi Moon
- Department of Emergency Medicine Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju South Korea
| | - Byeong Jo Chun
- Department of Emergency Medicine Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju South Korea
| | - Yong Soo Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju South Korea
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Zhao N, Liang P, Zhuo X, Su C, Zong X, Guo B, Han D, Yan X, Hu S, Zhang Q, Tie X. After Treatment with Methylene Blue is Effective against Delayed Encephalopathy after Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 122:470-480. [PMID: 29151273 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning (DEACMP) is the most severe and clinically intractable complication that occurs following acute CO poisoning. Unfortunately, the mechanism of DEACMP is still vague. Growing evidence indicates that delayed cerebral damage after CO poisoning is related to oxidative stress, abnormal neuro-inflammation, apoptosis and immune-mediated injury. Our recent report indicated that methylene blue (MB) may be a promising therapeutic agent in the prevention of neuronal cell death and cognitive deficits after transient global cerebral ischaemia (GCI). In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential of MB therapy to ameliorate the signs and symptoms of DEACMP. Rats were exposed to 1000 ppm CO for 40 min. in the first step; CO was then increased to 3000 ppm, which was maintained for another 20 min. The rats were implanted with 7-day release Alzet osmotic mini-pumps subcutaneously under the back skin, which provided MB at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day 1 hr after CO exposure. The results showed that MB significantly suppressed oxidative damage and expression of pro-inflammatory factors, including tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1β. MB treatment also suitably modulated mitochondrial fission and fusion, which is helpful in the preservation of mitochondrial function. Furthermore, MB dramatically attenuated apoptosis and neuronal death. Lastly, behavioural studies revealed that MB treatment preserved spatial learning and memory in the Barnes maze test. Our findings indicated that MB may have protective effects against DEACMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjun Zhao
- Institute of Emergency and Rescue medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China.,The Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Pengchong Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Central Hospital of Baoji City, Baoji, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhuo
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Chenglei Su
- Institute of Emergency and Rescue medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China.,The Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Xuemei Zong
- Institute of Emergency and Rescue medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China.,The Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Bingnan Guo
- Institute of Emergency and Rescue medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China.,The Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Dong Han
- Institute of Emergency and Rescue medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China.,The Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Xianliang Yan
- Institute of Emergency and Rescue medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China.,The Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Shuqun Hu
- Institute of Emergency and Rescue medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China.,The Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xu Tie
- Institute of Emergency and Rescue medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China.,The Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu province, China
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Rose JJ, Wang L, Xu Q, McTiernan CF, Shiva S, Tejero J, Gladwin MT. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Pathogenesis, Management, and Future Directions of Therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 195:596-606. [PMID: 27753502 PMCID: PMC5363978 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201606-1275ci] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning affects 50,000 people a year in the United States. The clinical presentation runs a spectrum, ranging from headache and dizziness to coma and death, with a mortality rate ranging from 1 to 3%. A significant number of patients who survive CO poisoning suffer from long-term neurological and affective sequelae. The neurologic deficits do not necessarily correlate with blood CO levels but likely result from the pleiotropic effects of CO on cellular mitochondrial respiration, cellular energy utilization, inflammation, and free radical generation, especially in the brain and heart. Long-term neurocognitive deficits occur in 15-40% of patients, whereas approximately one-third of moderate to severely poisoned patients exhibit cardiac dysfunction, including arrhythmia, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and myocardial infarction. Imaging studies reveal cerebral white matter hyperintensities, with delayed posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy or diffuse brain atrophy. Management of these patients requires the identification of accompanying drug ingestions, especially in the setting of intentional poisoning, fire-related toxic gas exposures, and inhalational injuries. Conventional therapy is limited to normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen, with no available antidotal therapy. Although hyperbaric oxygen significantly reduces the permanent neurological and affective effects of CO poisoning, a portion of survivors still have substantial morbidity. There has been some early success in therapies targeting the downstream inflammatory and oxidative effects of CO poisoning. New methods to directly target the toxic effect of CO, such as CO scavenging agents, are currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J. Rose
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Ling Wang
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Qinzi Xu
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
| | | | - Sruti Shiva
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical, and
- Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesus Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Mark T. Gladwin
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine
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Xiang W, Xue H, Wang B, Li Y, Zhang J, Jiang C, Liang F, Pang J, Yu L. Combined application of dexamethasone and hyperbaric oxygen therapy yields better efficacy for patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2017; 11:513-519. [PMID: 28260864 PMCID: PMC5330191 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s126569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning (DEACMP) commonly occurs after recovering from acute CO poisoning. This study was performed to assess the efficacy of the combined application of dexamethasone and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in patients with DEACMP. Patients and methods A total of 120 patients with DEACMP were recruited and randomly assigned into the experimental group (receiving dexamethasone 5 mg/day or 10 mg/day plus HBO therapy) and control group (HBO therapy as monotherapy). Meanwhile, the conventional treatments were provided for all the patients. We used the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale to assess the cognitive function, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) to assess the neurological function and the remission rate (RR) to assess the clinical efficacy. Myelin basic protein (MBP) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was also measured. Results After 4 weeks of treatment, compared to the control group, the experimental group had a significantly higher remission rate (P=0.032), a significantly higher average MMSE score (P=0.037) and a significantly lower average NIHSS score (P=0.002). Meanwhile, there was a trend toward better improvement with dexamethasone 10 mg/day, and the level of MBP in the CSF of patients was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.0001). The addition of dexamethasone did not significantly increase the incidence of adverse events. Conclusion These results indicate that the combined application of dexamethasone and HBO therapy could yield better efficacy for patients with DEACMP and should be viewed as a potential new therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuechun Li
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Changchun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Furu Liang
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangxia Pang
- Department of Neurology, Baotou Central Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Lehua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing
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Cakmak G, Severcan M, Zorlu F, Severcan F. Structural and functional damages of whole body ionizing radiation on rat brain homogenate membranes and protective effect of amifostine. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:837-848. [PMID: 27585945 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1230237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of whole body ionizing radiation at a sublethal dose on rat brain homogenate membranes and the protective effects of amifostine on these systems at molecular level. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats, in the absence and presence of amifostine, were whole-body irradiated at a single dose of 8 Gy and decapitated after 24 h. The brain homogenate membranes of these rats were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. RESULTS Ionizing radiation caused a significant increase in the lipid to protein ratio and significant decreases in the ratios of olefinic = CH/lipid, CH2/lipid, carbonyl ester/lipid and CH3/lipid suggesting, respectively, a more excessive decrease in the protein content and the degradation of lipids as a result of lipid peroxidation. In addition, radiation changed the secondary structure of proteins and the status of packing of membrane lipid head groups. Furthermore, it caused a decrease in lipid order and an increase in membrane fluidity. The administration of amifostine before ionizing radiation inhibited all the radiation-induced alterations in brain homogenate membranes. CONCLUSIONS The results revealed that whole body ionizing radiation at a sublethal dose causes significant alterations in the structure, composition and dynamics of brain homogenate membranes and amifostine has a protective effect on these membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulgun Cakmak
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences , Duzce University , Duzce , Turkey
| | - Mete Severcan
- b Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering , Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Faruk Zorlu
- c Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Feride Severcan
- d Department of Biological Sciences , Middle East Technical University , Ankara , Turkey
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Hou X, Ma L, Wu L, Zhang Y, Ge H, Li Z, Gao Y, Zhou Y, Gao C. Diffusion tensor imaging for predicting the clinical outcome of delayed encephalopathy of acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Eur Neurol 2013; 69:275-80. [PMID: 23429164 DOI: 10.1159/000346117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between neuropsychiatric outcomes and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP). METHODS AND MATERIALS 66 patients and 60 healthy controls were included in this study. Median fractional anisotropy (FA) of the white matter (WM) bilaterally was compared between patients and healthy controls. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) was assessed at 4-6 months following DEACMP. The association between the GOS score and FA variables was explored using the Spearman rank correlation. RESULTS The FA values in WM were reduced in patients with DEACMP compared with those in the volunteers. Of the 66 patients, 21 (31.8%) achieved a good outcome (GOS-5), 26 (36.4%) had moderate disability (GOS-4), 14 (21.2%) had severe disability (GOS-3), 5 (7.6%) were in a vegetative state (GOS-2), and none of the patients died (GOS-1). The FA values in the WM in patients with DEACMP correlated significantly with GOS. CONCLUSION DTI may be a valuable tool for assessing the severity of brain injury and may be a predictor of outcome in patients with delayed encephalopathy of acute carbon monoxide poisoning. DTI may be a valuable tool for assessing the severity of tissue injury and may be a predictor of outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Hou
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Amifostine, a radioprotectant agent, protects rat brain tissue lipids against ionizing radiation induced damage: an FTIR microspectroscopic imaging study. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 520:67-73. [PMID: 22402174 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amifostine is the only approved radioprotective agent by FDA for reducing the damaging effects of radiation on healthy tissues. In this study, the protective effect of amifostine against the damaging effects of ionizing radiation on the white matter (WM) and grey matter (GM) regions of the rat brain were investigated at molecular level. Sprague-Dawley rats, which were administered amifostine or not, were whole-body irradiated at a single dose of 800 cGy, decapitated after 24 h and the brain tissues of these rats were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM). The results revealed that the total lipid content and CH(2) groups of lipids decreased significantly and the carbonyl esters, olefinic=CH and CH(3) groups of lipids increased significantly in the WM and GM after exposure to ionizing radiation, which could be interpreted as a result of lipid peroxidation. These changes were more prominent in the WM of the brain. The administration of amifostine before ionizing radiation inhibited the radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in the brain. In addition, this study indicated that FTIRM provides a novel approach for monitoring ionizing radiation induced-lipid peroxidation and obtaining different molecular ratio images can be used as biomarkers to detect lipid peroxidation in biological systems.
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Simsek K, Ozler M, Ucar E, Sadir S, Demirbas S, Uysal B, Ay H. Pressure-related effects of hyperbaric oxygen exposure on oxidation products and antioxidant enzymes in the rat lung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5455/jeim.130111.or.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Turedi S, Cinar O, Kaldirim U, Mentese A, Tatli O, Cevik E, Tuncer SK, Gunduz A, Yamanel L, Karahan SC. Ischemia-modified albumin levels in carbon monoxide poisoning. Am J Emerg Med 2010; 29:675-81. [PMID: 20825881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is an emerging diagnostic biomarker for many ischemic conditions. This study was conducted to investigate whether there is a change in IMA levels in carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning and, if so, the clinical relevance of IMA levels. METHODS This cohort study, performed between November 2008 and April 2009, compared the serum IMA levels of 33 CO-poisoned patients taken at the time of presentation at the emergency department and after 3 hours of treatment and 49 healthy controls. In addition, IMA and carboxyhemoglobin levels were analyzed according to CO poisoning patients' poisoning severity scores. RESULTS Carbon monoxide patients' IMA levels were higher than those of the control group both at time of admission and at the third hour of the treatment, P < .0001. A significant fall was determined in carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb) levels at the end of the third hour of treatment, P < .0001. However, there was no significant difference between the IMA levels measured at admission and at the end of the third hour of treatment (P > .05). There was no significant correlation between IMA and CO-Hb levels in CO-poisoned patients. Also, there was no difference in blood IMA levels in classification according to patients' poisoning severity score and CO-Hb levels. CONCLUSION Results from this pioneering study established a high level of IMA in CO-poisoned patients, suggesting that IMA may also be sensitive to hypoxia. Considering the preliminary nature of this study, the clinical utility of IMA levels in CO poisoning should be further investigated with more comprehensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman Turedi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
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Prieto González EA, Fuchs AG, Sánchez GS. Amifostine (WR2721) confers DNA protection to in vivo cisplatin-treated murine peripheral blood leukocytes. Dose Response 2009; 7:234-46. [PMID: 19809542 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.08-026.prieto] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Amifostine [S-2-3-aminopropyl amino ethyl phosphorotioic acid], a modulator agent for antineoplastic drugs involved in free radicals generation has given controversial results in cisplatin treated leukocytes in vitro. We have evaluated the amifostine protection over leukocytes in vivo, using comet assay. Groups of five OF1 male mice were given one of three doses of amifostine (56, 105 and 200 mg/Kg) after a cisplatin single injection (10 mg/Kg). Serum malonyldialdehyde levels, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were also evaluated. Amifostine showed significant DNA protection (p< 0.01) at the two lower doses evaluated. Malonyldialdehyde decreased in all amifostine treatments with respect to cisplatin while antioxidant enzyme activities remained unchanged. However, DNA migration increased with the highest amifostine dose; in fact highest dose of amifostine did no protect damage caused by cisplatin this result have implications on amifostine treatment schedules in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Prieto González
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Ave. Montes de Oca. No. 745, Buenos Aires Capital, Federal Argentina.
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