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Samokhin A. Spectral skewing in gas chromatography–mass spectrometry: Misconceptions and realities. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1576:113-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sacks CD, Stumpo KA. Gold nanoparticles for enhanced ionization and fragmentation of biomolecules using LDI-MS. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:1070-1077. [PMID: 30107051 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
New applications for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry are presented here. This work expands on previous biomolecule studies and introduces carbohydrates, steroids, bile acids, and other small molecules as a focus. Broad trends in ionization are observed, and specifically of interest are new species that have not previously been reported from AuNPs (e.g., [M + Au]+ ). Interesting fragmentation effects have been observed for diphenhydramine, including similarity to electron impact mass spectra and possible radical driven reactions, providing insight into the mechanism of ionization when using AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody D Sacks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, 18510, USA
| | - Katherine A Stumpo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA, 18510, USA
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Nkhalambayausi Chirwa EM, Mampholo CT, Fayemiwo OM, Bezza FA. Biosurfactant assisted recovery of the C 5-C 11 hydrocarbon fraction from oily sludge using biosurfactant producing consortium culture of bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 196:261-269. [PMID: 28288360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A biosurfactant producing culture of bacteria was isolated from an automobile engine oil dump site which was later used as an inoculum in batch and continuous flow oil recovery from oily sludge. Initially, an emulsion of oily sludge was prepared by mixing 5% m/v solids: 21% v/v bituminous sludge: 77% v/v water. The isolated cultures were added to vessels with stable emulsions to facilitate the separation of oil droplets from the sludge matrix. In batches with live cultures, up to 35% oil recovery was achieved after incubation for 10 days. Further investigations were conducted in a semi-continuous feed, fed-batch plug flow reactor (FB-PFR) system. Up to 99.7% was achieved in the FB-PFR after operation for 10 days, much higher than the recovery achieved in the pure batch systems where only 35% oil was recovered after incubation for 10 days. The improved performance in the FB-PFR was attributed to differential separation of particles under variable velocity along the reactor. The culture in the reactor was predominated by Klebsiellae, Enterobacteriaceae and Bacilli throughout the experiment. A crude biosurfactant produced by the cultures was partially purified and analyzed using the liquid chromatograph coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) which showed that the molecular structure of the biosurfactant produced closely matched the structure of lipopeptides identified in earlier studies. This process is aimed at recovering useful oil from oily waste sludge with the added advantage of degrading aromatic organic impurities in the oil to produce a cleaner oil product. The further advantage of the FB-PFR system was that, the bacteria discharged together with effluent sludge residue further degraded chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the treated sludge thereby reducing the polluting potential of the final disposed sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chidinyane T Mampholo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | | | - Fisseha A Bezza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Caster WO. A critical evaluation of the gas chromatographic technique for identification ad determination of fatty acid esters, with particular reference to the use of analog and digital computer methods. METHODS OF BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 2006; 17:135-88. [PMID: 4893469 DOI: 10.1002/9780470110355.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
Mass spectrometric analysis of organic compounds was in the early 1950s done mostly for quantitative determination of petroleum products. The use of the mass spectrometer for qualitative analysis of solid organic material samples was shown by O'Neil & Wier (1951) and since then a continuous increase in mass spectrometric studies of different classes of organic compounds has been noted. After the gas chromatograph was developed by James & Martin (1952) the quantitative analysis of complex mixtures of organic compounds was possible and after a few years the gas chromatographic method was considered as routine. The first connection of a gas chromatograph (GC) to a mass spectrometer (MS) was made by Holmes & Morell (1957). They studied gases using a splitter system where only a small part or less than 1% of the effluent from a packed column was transferred to the ion source of the mass spectrometer. The next step in GC—MS development was made by Gohlke (1959), who studied compounds of low molecular weight using capillary column directly connected to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This was possible due to the fact that the carrier gas flow rate could be limited to about 1 ml/min. To avoid the sample loss resulting from using a packed column with the splitter system a jet molecular separator was constructed as an interphase between the packed column and a mass spectrometer with magnetic sector analyser (Ryhage, 1964). Mixtures of fatty acids and of hydrocarbons with a molecular weight of up to about 420 were studied. In this study spectra were taken at irregular intervals.
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Biros FJ. Recent applications of mass spectrometry and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to pesticide residue analysis. RESIDUE REVIEWS 1971; 40:1-63. [PMID: 4942428 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8476-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Shafer H, VandenHeuvel WJ, Ormond R, Kuehl FA, Wolf FJ. Characterization of phosphonomycin by microchromatographic and related techniques. J Chromatogr A 1970; 52:111-7. [PMID: 5474892 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)96550-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Schaad RE. [Chromatography of (carcinogenic) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons]. CHROMATOGRAPHIC REVIEWS 1970; 13:61-82. [PMID: 5499655 DOI: 10.1016/0009-5907(70)80006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Vandenheuvel WJ, Smith JL, Putter I, Cohen JS. Gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of deuterium-containing amino acids as their trimethylsilyl derivatives. J Chromatogr A 1970; 50:405-12. [PMID: 5449456 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)97965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Vandenheuvel WJA, Keller JS, Veening H, Willeford BR. Gas-Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Some Arene Tricarbonylchromium Complexes. ANAL LETT 1970. [DOI: 10.1080/00032717008058558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Vandenheuvel WJ, Cohen JS. Gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of carbon-13 enriched amino acids as trimethylsilyl derivatives. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 208:251-9. [PMID: 5420975 DOI: 10.1016/0304-4165(70)90243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Bartle KD, Bergstedt L, Novotný M, Widmark G. Tobacco chemistry. II. Analysis of the gas phase of tobacco smoke by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1969; 45:256-63. [PMID: 5359126 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)86208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Lawson AM, Leemans FA, McCloskey JA. Oxygen-18 exchange reactions in steroidal ketones. Determination of relative rates of incorporation by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Steroids 1969; 14:603-15. [PMID: 5356917 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-128x(69)80050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Studies on the Mechanism of the Enzymatic Conversion of Δ8-Cholesten-3β-ol to Δ7-Cholesten-3β-ol. J Biol Chem 1969. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)94363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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VandenHeuvel WJ, Kuron GW. Adventitious trimethylsilylation during combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1968; 38:532-4. [PMID: 5705520 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(68)85083-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Weaver N, Johnston NC, Benjamin R, Law JH. Novel fatty acids from the royal jelly of honeybees (Apis mellifera, L.). Lipids 1968; 3:535-8. [PMID: 17805809 DOI: 10.1007/bf02530898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/1968] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Three new compounds isolated from the royal jelly of honeybees (Apis mellifera, L.) have been identified as 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid, 3-hydroxydecanoic acid and a dextrorotatory isomer of 3,10-dihydroxydecanoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Weaver
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, Illinois
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Draffan GH, Stillwell RN, McCloskey JA. Electron impact-induced rearrangement of trimethylsilyl groups in long chain compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1968. [DOI: 10.1002/oms.1210010508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Brooks CJ, Horning EC, Young JS. Characterization of sterols by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl ethers. Lipids 1968; 3:391-402. [PMID: 17805817 DOI: 10.1007/bf02531277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/1968] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The utility of combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the analysis and characterization of sterols has been explored. Methylene unit (MU) values and principal mass spectrometric data are presented for trimethylsilyl ethers of 28 sterols, including the major natural sterols. The diagnostic value of the fragmentation of trimethylsilyl ethers of Delta(5)-3 beta-hydroxysteroids has been confirmed. Characteristic fragmentations of Delta(4)-3 beta-trimethylsilyloxysteroids, and of Delta(5,7)-3 beta-trimethylsilyloxysteroids were also found. Location of side-chain hydroxyl groups is facilitated by the alpha-cleavages typical of the trimethylsilyl ethers. Fragmentations of saturated sterols, and of Delta(7), Delta(8(9)) and Delta((14)) stenols, are less influenced by trimethylsilyl ether formation, but the derivatives still afford satisfactory mass spectra. The combination of gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric information allows positive identification of any of the sterols examined, whereas application of either technique alone may give inconclusive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Brooks
- Institute for Lipid Research, Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Duffield A, Craig J, Kray L. Electron impact promoted fragmentation of some phenothiazine derivatives. Tetrahedron 1968. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(68)88188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Identification et dosage quantitatif de traces par le couplage chromatographe-spectromètre de masse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1968. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00503280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Horning EC, Brooks CJ, Vanden Heuvel WJ. Gas phase analytical methods for the study of steroids. ADVANCES IN LIPID RESEARCH 1968; 6:273-392. [PMID: 4886232 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4831-9942-9.50014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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32
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McCloskey JA, Law JH. Ring location in cyclopropane fatty acid esters by a mass spectrometric method. Lipids 1967; 2:225-30. [PMID: 17805771 DOI: 10.1007/bf02532560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/1966] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ring location in cyclopropane fatty acid esters is accomplished simply and unequivocally with submilligram samples. The technique involves reductive ring opening with platinum catalyst and hydrogen in glacial acetic acid, to give a mixture of branched-chain and straight-chain acid esters. The sample is analyzed with a combination gas chrmatograph-mass spectrometer. Examination of the spectra obtained from the mixture of branched-chain acid esters permits assignment of the position of the methyl groups, and hence of the ring in the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A McCloskey
- Institute for Lipid Research, Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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