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Thorne CA, Grey AC, Lim JC, Donaldson PJ. The Synergistic Effects of Polyol Pathway-Induced Oxidative and Osmotic Stress in the Aetiology of Diabetic Cataracts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9042. [PMID: 39201727 PMCID: PMC11354722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cataracts are the world's leading cause of blindness, and diabetes is the second leading risk factor for cataracts after old age. Despite this, no preventative treatment exists for cataracts. The altered metabolism of excess glucose during hyperglycaemia is known to be the underlying cause of diabetic cataractogenesis, resulting in localised disruptions to fibre cell morphology and cell swelling in the outer cortex of the lens. In rat models of diabetic cataracts, this damage has been shown to result from osmotic stress and oxidative stress due to the accumulation of intracellular sorbitol, the depletion of NADPH which is used to regenerate glutathione, and the generation of fructose metabolites via the polyol pathway. However, differences in lens physiology and the metabolism of glucose in the lenses of different species have prevented the translation of successful treatments in animal models into effective treatments in humans. Here, we review the stresses that arise from hyperglycaemic glucose metabolism and link these to the regionally distinct metabolic and physiological adaptations in the lens that are vulnerable to these stressors, highlighting the evidence that chronic oxidative stress together with osmotic stress underlies the aetiology of human diabetic cortical cataracts. With this information, we also highlight fundamental gaps in the knowledge that could help to inform new avenues of research if effective anti-diabetic cataract therapies are to be developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A. Thorne
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.A.T.); (A.C.G.); (P.J.D.)
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Angus C. Grey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.A.T.); (A.C.G.); (P.J.D.)
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Julie C. Lim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.A.T.); (A.C.G.); (P.J.D.)
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Paul J. Donaldson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.A.T.); (A.C.G.); (P.J.D.)
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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Giustarini D, Milzani A, Dalle-Donne I, Rossi R. How to Increase Cellular Glutathione. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051094. [PMID: 37237960 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) has special antioxidant properties due to its high intracellular concentration, ubiquity, and high reactivity towards electrophiles of the sulfhydryl group of its cysteine moiety. In most diseases where oxidative stress is thought to play a pathogenic role, GSH concentration is significantly reduced, making cells more susceptible to oxidative damage. Therefore, there is a growing interest in determining the best method(s) to increase cellular glutathione for both disease prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the major strategies for successfully increasing cellular GSH stores. These include GSH itself, its derivatives, NRf-2 activators, cysteine prodrugs, foods, and special diets. The possible mechanisms by which these molecules can act as GSH boosters, their related pharmacokinetic issues, and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Mastronikolis S, Kagkelaris K, Pagkalou M, Tsiambas E, Plotas P, Georgakopoulos CD. Antioxidant Defense and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: An Updated Review. MEDICAL SCIENCES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 10:medsci10040068. [PMID: 36548003 PMCID: PMC9785126 DOI: 10.3390/medsci10040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) affects the anterior ocular tissues, rendering them susceptible to several eye diseases. On the other hand, protection of the eye from harmful factors is achieved by unique defense mechanisms, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. The imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants could be the cause of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEXS), a condition of defective extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. A systematic English-language literature review was conducted from May 2022 to June 2022. The main antioxidant enzymes protecting the eye from reactive oxygen species (ROS) are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which catalyze the reduction of specific types of ROS. Similarly, non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamins A, E and C, carotenoids and glutathione (GSH) are involved in removing ROS from the cells. PEXS is a genetic disease, however, environmental and dietary factors also influence its development. Additionally, many OS products disrupting the ECM remodeling process and modifying the antioxidative defense status could lead to PEXS. This review discusses the antioxidative defense of the eye in association with PEXS, and the intricate link between OS and PEXS. Understanding the pathways of PEXS evolution, and developing new methods to reduce OS, are crucial to control and treat this disease. However, further studies are required to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of PEXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Mastronikolis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Department of Neurosurgery, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough TS4 3BW, UK
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (P.P.)
| | | | - Marina Pagkalou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Plotas
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (P.P.)
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Przeor M. Some Common Medicinal Plants with Antidiabetic Activity, Known and Available in Europe (A Mini-Review). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15010065. [PMID: 35056122 PMCID: PMC8778315 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease that affected 9.3% of adults worldwide in 2019. Its co-occurrence is suspected to increase mortality from COVID-19. The treatment of diabetes is mainly based on the long-term use of pharmacological agents, often expensive and causing unpleasant side effects. There is an alarming increase in the number of pharmaceuticals taken in Europe. The aim of this paper is to concisely collect information concerning the few antidiabetic or hypoglycaemic raw plant materials that are present in the consciousness of Europeans and relatively easily accessible to them on the market and sometimes even grown on European plantations. The following raw materials are discussed in this mini-review: Morus alba L., Cinnamomum zeylanicum J.Presl, Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Phaseolus vulgaris L., Zingiber officinale Rosc., and Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer in terms of scientifically tested antidiabetic activity and the presence of characteristic biologically active compounds and their specific properties, including antioxidant properties. The characteristics of these raw materials are based on in vitro as well as in vivo studies: on animals and in clinical studies. In addition, for each plant, the possibility to use certain morphological elements in the light of EFSA legislation is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Przeor
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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Hsiao LW, Tsay GJ, Mong MC, Liu WH, Yin MC. Aqueous extract prepared from steamed red amaranth (Amaranthus gangeticus L.) leaves protected human lens cells against high glucose induced glycative and oxidative stress. J Food Sci 2021; 86:3686-3697. [PMID: 34250604 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HLE-B3 cell line, a human lens epithelial cell line, was used to examine the anti-glycative and anti-oxidative protection of aqueous extract prepared from steamed red amaranth leaves against high glucose induced injury. Phytochemical profile of this aqueous extract was analyzed. HLE-B3 cells were pretreated by this aqueous extract at 0.25%, 0.5%, or 1%, and followed by high glucose treatment. Results showed that the content of phenolic acids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and triterpenoids in this aqueous extract was in the range of 1,107-2,861 mg/100 g dry weight. High glucose decreased cells viability and suppressed Bcl-2 mRNA expression. This aqueous extract pretreatments raised 11-42% cell survival and upregulated 20-47% Bcl-2 mRNA expression. High glucose reduced Na+ -K+ ATPase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). This aqueous extract raised 27-40% Na+ -K+ ATPase activity, and 18-51% MMP. High glucose stimulated the generation of total advanced glycative endproducts (AGEs), methylglyoxal, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This aqueous extract pretreatments lowered total AGEs, methylglyoxal, and ROS levels in the range of 0.38-1.17 folds, 1.7-4.9 nmol/mg protein, and 0.35-1.06 relative fluorescence unit/mg protein. High glucose upregulated mRNA expression of aldose reductase, nuclear factor kappa B, and p38. This aqueous extract pretreatments decreased mRNA expression of these factors in the range of 75-159%, 57-151%, and 54-166%. High glucose downregulated mRNA expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This aqueous extract pretreatments increased 12-38% Nrf2 mRNA expression. These results suggested that this aqueous extract might be a potent nutritional supplement to prevent diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Hsiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Bing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Gregory J Tsay
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chin Mong
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hu Liu
- Department of Nutritional Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chin Yin
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Cheng Y, Sibusiso L, Hou L, Jiang H, Chen P, Zhang X, Wu M, Tong H. Sargassum fusiforme fucoidan modifies the gut microbiota during alleviation of streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:1162-1170. [PMID: 30974142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a complicated endocrine and metabolic disorder, which has become an epidemic health issue worldwide. Fucoidan is extensively distributed in the brown algae and several marine invertebrates exhibiting diverse biological activities. In the present study, the physicochemical property of Sargassum fusiforme fucoidan (SFF) and its effects on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and gut microbiota were investigated. Diabetes mice not only showed abnormal blood glucose, but also accompanied by multiple symptoms, such as gradual emaciation, decreased body weight, increased food and water intake. Compared with diabetic mice after 6-week treatment, administration of SFF significantly decreased the fasting blood glucose, diet and water intake. Furthermore, SFF attenuated the pathological change in the heart and liver, improved the liver function, and suppressed oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Simultaneously, SFF significantly altered the gut microbiota in the faeces of diabetic mice, decreased the relative abundances of the diabetes-related intestinal bacteria, which is a potential mechanism for relieving the symptoms of diabetes. Therefore, SFF might be considered as one of the promising complementary and alternative medicines for the management of diabetes mellitus in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Luthuli Sibusiso
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lingfeng Hou
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Huijing Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Peichao Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Nita M, Grzybowski A. The Role of the Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in the Pathomechanism of the Age-Related Ocular Diseases and Other Pathologies of the Anterior and Posterior Eye Segments in Adults. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3164734. [PMID: 26881021 PMCID: PMC4736974 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3164734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 833] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS) form under normal physiological conditions and may have both beneficial and harmful role. We search the literature and current knowledge in the aspect of ROS participation in the pathogenesis of anterior and posterior eye segment diseases in adults. ROS take part in the pathogenesis of keratoconus, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, and granular corneal dystrophy type 2, stimulating apoptosis of corneal cells. ROS play a role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma stimulating apoptotic and inflammatory pathways on the level of the trabecular meshwork and promoting retinal ganglion cells apoptosis and glial dysfunction in the posterior eye segment. ROS play a role in the pathogenesis of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy and traumatic optic neuropathy. ROS induce apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells. ROS promote apoptosis of vascular and neuronal cells and stimulate inflammation and pathological angiogenesis in the course of diabetic retinopathy. ROS are associated with the pathophysiological parainflammation and autophagy process in the course of the age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Nita
- Domestic and Specialized Medicine Centre “Dilmed”, Ulica Bohaterów Monte Cassino 3, 40-231 Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznan City Hospital, Ulica Szwajcarska 3, 61-285 Poznań, Poland
- Chair of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, University of Warmia and Mazury, Ulica Żołnierska 14 C, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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Macharia M, Kengne AP, Blackhurst DM, Erasmus RT, Matsha TE. The impact of chronic untreated hyperglycaemia on the long-term stability of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and antioxidant status in human sera. J Clin Pathol 2013; 67:55-9. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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9
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Hashim Z, Zarina S. Osmotic stress induced oxidative damage: possible mechanism of cataract formation in diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2012; 26:275-9. [PMID: 22609218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia causes increased level of reactive oxygen species which is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes associated complications including cataract. In diabetic cataractous lens, over production of free radicals and decreased capacity of antioxidant defense system are the major contributors to oxidative damage by polyol pathway and advanced glycation end products. The current study focused on analysis of factors associated with osmotic imbalance and oxidative stress in aging and diabetic human cataractous lenses. We examined activities of polyol pathway enzymes, G6PD and glutathione system in lenses from subjects suffering from cataract due to aging and diabetes. We observed elevated activities of aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase while G6PD and glutathione system enzyme activities were found to be lower in cataractous subjects suffering from diabetes. The findings from the current study support the premise that osmotic imbalance, AGEs formation and oxidative stress contribute synergistically to the development of lens opacity in hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Hashim
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
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D’Cruz SC, Jubendradass R, Jayakanthan M, Rani SJA, Mathur PP. Bisphenol A impairs insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis and decreases steroidogenesis in rat testis: An in vivo and in silico study. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:1124-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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D’Cruz SC, Jubendradass R, Mathur PP. Bisphenol A Induces Oxidative Stress and Decreases Levels of Insulin Receptor Substrate 2 and Glucose Transporter 8 in Rat Testis. Reprod Sci 2011; 19:163-72. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719111415547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shereen C. D’Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - R. Jubendradass
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
| | - Premendu P. Mathur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
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Babizhayev MA. Biomarkers and special features of oxidative stress in the anterior segment of the eye linked to lens cataract and the trabecular meshwork injury in primary open-angle glaucoma: challenges of dual combination therapy with N-acetylcarnosine lubricant eye d. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 26:86-117. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.00969.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Babizhayev MA. Mitochondria induce oxidative stress, generation of reactive oxygen species and redox state unbalance of the eye lens leading to human cataract formation: disruption of redox lens organization by phospholipid hydroperoxides as a common basis for cataract disease. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:183-206. [PMID: 21381059 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aging eye appears to be at considerable risk from oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) is one of the mechanisms of cataractogenesis, initiated by enhanced promotion of oxygen free radicals in the eye fluids and tissues and impaired enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses of the crystalline lens. The present study proposes that mitochondria are one of the major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mammalian and human lens epithelial cells and that therapies that protect mitochondria in lens epithelial cells from damage and reduce damaging ROS generation may potentially ameliorate the effects of free radical-induced oxidation that occur in aging ocular tissues and in human cataract diseases. It has been found that rather than complete removal of oxidants by the high levels of protective enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, lipid peroxidases in transparent lenses, the lens conversely, possess a balance between peroxidants and antioxidants in a way that normal lens tends to generate oxidants diffusing from lenticular tissues, shifting the redox status of the lens to become more oxidizing during both morphogenesis and aging. Release of the oxidants (O(2)(-)·, H(2)O(2) , OH·, and lipid hydroperoxides) by the intact lenses in the absence of respiratory inhibitors indicates that these metabolites are normal physiological products inversely related to the lens life-span potential (maturity of cataract) generated through the metal-ion catalyzed redox-coupled pro-oxidant activation of the lens reductants (ascorbic acid, glutathione). The membrane-bound phospholipid (PL) hydroperoxides escape detoxification by the lens enzymatic reduction. The lens cells containing these species would be vulnerable to peroxidative attack which trigger the PL hydroperoxide-dependent chain propagation of LPO and other damages in membrane (lipid and protein alterations). The increased concentrations of primary LPO products (diene conjugates, lipid hydroperoxides) and end fluorescent LPO products were detected in the lipid moiety of the aqueous humor samples obtained from patients with cataract as compared to normal donors. Since LPO is clinically important in many of the pathological effects and aging, new therapeutic modalities, such as patented N-acetylcarnosine prodrug lubricant eye drops, should treat the incessant infliction of damage to the lens cells and biomolecules by reactive lipid peroxides and oxygen species and "refashion" the affected lens membranes in the lack of important metabolic detoxification of PL peroxides. Combined in ophthalmic formulations with N-acetylcarnosine, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants are promising to become investigated as a potential tool for treating a number of ROS-related ocular diseases, including human cataracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Babizhayev
- Innovative Vision Products, Inc., County of New Castle, Delaware, USA.
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Wu HP, Hsu CJ, Cheng TJ, Guo YL. N-acetylcysteine attenuates noise-induced permanent hearing loss in diabetic rats. Hear Res 2010; 267:71-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2010.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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15
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Sharma N, Garg V, Paul A. Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidative potential of Prosopis cineraria bark. Indian J Clin Biochem 2010; 25:193-200. [PMID: 23105909 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-010-0035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Alloxan administration in male Swiss albino mice, induced diabetes by increasing blood glucose concentration and reducing hepatic glycogen content as compared to normal control group. Besides, serum lipid profile parameters such as total-cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were also elevated, whereas, the level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was reduced significantly (P<0.05) in diabetic mice. Treatment of diabetic animals with crude ethanolic extract of bark of Prosopis cineraria (P. cineraria) for 45 days, significantly lowered blood glucose level, elevated hepatic glycogen content and maintained body weight and lipid-profile parameters towards near normal range. Declined activity of antioxidant enzymes and concentration of non-enzymatic antioxidants were also normalized by drug treatment, thereby reducing the oxidative damage in the tissues of diabetic animals and hence indicating the anti-diabetic and antioxidant efficacy of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, 304022 India
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with a 5-fold higher prevalence of cataracts, which remains a major cause of blindness in the world. Typical diabetic cataracts contain cortical and/or posterior subcapsular opacities. Adult onset diabetic cataracts also often contain nuclear opacities. Mechanisms of diabetic cataractogenesis have been studied in less detail than those of other diabetic complications. Both animal and human studies support important contribution of increased aldose reductase activity. Surgical extraction is the only cure of diabetic cataract today. An improved understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms, together with finding effective therapeutic agents, remain highest priority for diabetic cataract-related research and pharmaceutical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina G Obrosova
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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Bassirat M, Khalil Z. Short- and long-term modulation of microvascular responses in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by glycosylated products. J Diabetes Complications 2010; 24:64-72. [PMID: 19027327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2007] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the role of early and late glycation products in modulating inflammation in early diabetes. MATERIALS Sprague-Dawley rats (130-170 g) were injected with streptozotocin (75 mg/kg, ip) and treated with daily aminoguanidine (AG, 25 mg/kg, ip) or vehicle for 2 or 4 weeks. METHODS The base of a vacuum-induced blister raised on the hind paw was perfused with substance P (SP, 1 microM) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 100 microM). Changes in blood flow and plasma extravasation (PE) were measured. Amadori (1 mg/ml), advanced glycation end products (AGEs, 10 mg/ml), and anti-RAGE IgG (antibody against AGE receptors, 100 microg/ml) were individually perfused prior to SP. RESULTS In diabetic rats, responses to SNP and SP were reduced by 60% and 70%, respectively (P<.05). Amadori increased responses to SNP by 50% and 90% and to SP by 70% and 80% in control and diabetic rats, respectively (both P<.05). SP responses were significantly increased after anti-RAGE IgG (70%) or AG treatments (175%) with PE responses normalized. CONCLUSION Amadori and anti-AGE agents enhance peripheral vascular responses in diabetes and may ameliorate microvascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bassirat
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Victoria, Australia.
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