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Filip CI, Cătană A, Kutasi E, Roman SA, Militaru MS, Risteiu GA, Dindelengan GC. Breast Cancer Screening and Prophylactic Mastectomy for High-Risk Women in Romania. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:570. [PMID: 38674216 PMCID: PMC11052261 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality within oncology. Risk factors, encompassing genetic and environmental influences, significantly contribute to its prevalence. While germline mutations, notably within the BRCA genes, are commonly associated with heightened breast cancer risk, a spectrum of other variants exists among affected individuals. Diagnosis relies on imaging techniques, biopsies, biomarkers, and genetic testing, facilitating personalised risk assessment through specific scoring systems. Breast cancer screening programs employing mammography and other imaging modalities play a crucial role in early detection and management, leading to improved outcomes for affected individuals. Regular screening enables the identification of suspicious lesions or abnormalities at earlier stages, facilitating timely intervention and potentially reducing mortality rates associated with breast cancer. Genetic mutations guide screening protocols, prophylactic interventions, treatment modalities, and patient prognosis. Prophylactic measures encompass a range of interventions, including chemoprevention, hormonal inhibition, oophorectomy, and mastectomy. Despite their efficacy in mitigating breast cancer incidence, these interventions carry potential side effects and psychological implications, necessitating comprehensive counselling tailored to individual cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu Ioan Filip
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Unit, Emergency District Hospital, 400535 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.F.); (G.C.D.)
- First Surgical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Cătană
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (E.K.); (S.A.R.); (G.A.R.)
- Department of Oncogeneticcs, Institute of Oncology, “Prof. Dr. I. Chiricuță”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Regional Laboratory Cluj-Napoca, Department of Medical Genetics, Regina Maria Health Network, 400363 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eniko Kutasi
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (E.K.); (S.A.R.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Sara Alexia Roman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (E.K.); (S.A.R.); (G.A.R.)
| | - Mariela Sanda Militaru
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (E.K.); (S.A.R.); (G.A.R.)
- Regional Laboratory Cluj-Napoca, Department of Medical Genetics, Regina Maria Health Network, 400363 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Giulia Andreea Risteiu
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.C.); (E.K.); (S.A.R.); (G.A.R.)
| | - George Călin Dindelengan
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Unit, Emergency District Hospital, 400535 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.I.F.); (G.C.D.)
- First Surgical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Toss A, Ponzoni O, Riccò B, Piombino C, Moscetti L, Combi F, Palma E, Papi S, Tenedini E, Tazzioli G, Dominici M, Cortesi L. Management of PALB2-associated breast cancer: A literature review and case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7747. [PMID: 37621724 PMCID: PMC10444947 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants (PV) of the PALB2 tumor suppressor gene are associated with an increased risk of breast, pancreatic, and ovarian cancer. In previous research, PALB2-associated breast cancer showed aggressive clinicopathological phenotypes, particularly triple-negative subtype, and higher mortality regardless of tumor stage, type of chemotherapy nor hormone receptor status. The identification of this germline alteration may have an impact on clinical management of breast cancer (BC) from the surgical approach to the systemic treatment choice. We herein report the case of a patient with a germline PV of PALB2, diagnosed with locally advanced PD-L1 positive triple-negative BC, who progressed after an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-containing regimen and then experienced a pathologic complete response after platinum-based chemotherapy. This case report hints a major role of the germline PALB2 alteration compared to the PD-L1 expression as cancer driver and gives us the opportunity to extensively review and discuss the available literature on the optimal management of PALB2-associated BC. Overall, our case report and review of the literature provide additional evidence that the germline analysis of PALB2 gene should be included in routine genetic testing for predictive purposes and to refine treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Toss
- Department of Oncology and HematologyAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Ornella Ponzoni
- Department of Oncology and HematologyAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly
| | - Beatrice Riccò
- Department of Oncology and HematologyAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly
| | - Claudia Piombino
- Department of Oncology and HematologyAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly
| | - Luca Moscetti
- Department of Oncology and HematologyAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly
| | - Francesca Combi
- Unit of Breast Surgical OncologyAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, International Doctorate School in Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Enza Palma
- Unit of Breast Surgical OncologyAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly
| | - Simona Papi
- Unit of Breast Surgical OncologyAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly
| | - Elena Tenedini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics UnitAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly
| | - Giovanni Tazzioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
- Unit of Breast Surgical OncologyAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Oncology and HematologyAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly
- Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Department of Oncology and HematologyAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ModenaModenaItaly
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3
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Mo JL, Liu JS, Xiao Q, Hong WX, Yin JY, Chen J, Liu ZQ. Association of variations in the Fanconi anemia complementation group and prognosis in Non-small cell lung cancer patients with Platinum-based chemotherapy. Gene 2022; 825:146398. [PMID: 35306114 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the associations between FANC (FANCA, FANCC, FANCE, FANCF, and FANCJ) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with platinum-based chemotherapy. METHODS According to the inclusion criteria, we selected 395 DNA samples from NSCLC patients for genotyping and combined with clinical data for Cox regression analysis and stratification analyses to assess relationships between overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) with SNPs genotypes. RESULTS The results revealed that patients with FANCE rs6907678 TT genotype have a longer OS than TC and CC genotype (Additive model: P = 0.004, HR = 1.696, 95% CI = 1.186-2.425). In stratification analyses, Longer PFS is found in female, age ≤ 55 years old and non-smoking patients with FANCE rs6907678 TT genotype, and patients with TT genotypes were significantly had longer OS in male, age >55 years old, non-smoking, squamous cell carcinoma and stage IV stratification. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrates that patients with FANCE rs6907678 TT genotype are contributed to better prognosis. FANCE rs6907678 may be used as a clinical biomarker for predicting the prognosis of NSCLC patients with platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Luan Mo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, PR China
| | - Jia-Si Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Wen-Xu Hong
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, PR China
| | - Ji-Ye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518020, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410078, PR China.
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4
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Hu WF, Krieger KL, Lagundžin D, Li X, Cheung RS, Taniguchi T, Johnson KR, Bessho T, Monteiro ANA, Woods NT. CTDP1 regulates breast cancer survival and DNA repair through BRCT-specific interactions with FANCI. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:105. [PMID: 31240132 PMCID: PMC6584691 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0185-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 C-terminal domains are found in a specialized group of 23 proteins that function in the DNA damage response to protect genomic integrity. C-terminal domain phosphatase 1 (CTDP1) is the only phosphatase with a BRCA1 C-terminal domain in the human proteome, yet direct participation in the DNA damage response has not been reported. Examination of the CTDP1 BRCA1 C-terminal domain-specific protein interaction network revealed 103 high confidence interactions enriched in DNA damage response proteins, including FANCA and FANCI that are central to the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway necessary for the resolution of DNA interstrand crosslink damage. CTDP1 expression promotes DNA damage-induced FANCA and FANCD2 foci formation and enhances homologous recombination repair efficiency. CTDP1 was found to regulate multiple aspects of FANCI activity, including chromatin localization, interaction with γ-H2AX, and SQ motif phosphorylations. Knockdown of CTDP1 increases MCF-10A sensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslinks and double-strand breaks, but not ultraviolet radiation. In addition, CTDP1 knockdown impairs in vitro and in vivo growth of breast cancer cell lines. These results elucidate the molecular functions of CTDP1 in Fanconi anemia interstrand crosslink repair and identify this protein as a potential target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Feng Hu
- 1Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA.,2Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kimiko L Krieger
- 1Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Dragana Lagundžin
- 1Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA.,3Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Core Facility, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Xueli Li
- 4Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Ronald S Cheung
- 5Divisions of Human Biology and Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Toshiyasu Taniguchi
- 5Divisions of Human Biology and Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.,6Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Keith R Johnson
- 1Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Tadayoshi Bessho
- 1Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
| | - Alvaro N A Monteiro
- 4Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Nicholas T Woods
- 1Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA
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5
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia is an inherited disease characterized by genomic instability, hypersensitivity to DNA cross-linking agents, bone marrow failure, short stature, skeletal abnormalities, and a high relative risk of myeloid leukemia and epithelial malignancies. The 21 Fanconi anemia genes encode proteins involved in multiple nuclear biochemical pathways that effect DNA interstrand crosslink repair. In the past, bone marrow failure was attributed solely to the failure of stem cells to repair DNA. Recently, non-canonical functions of many of the Fanconi anemia proteins have been described, including modulating responses to oxidative stress, viral infection, and inflammation as well as facilitating mitophagic responses and enhancing signals that promote stem cell function and survival. Some of these functions take place in non-nuclear sites and do not depend on the DNA damage response functions of the proteins. Dysfunctions of the canonical and non-canonical pathways that drive stem cell exhaustion and neoplastic clonal selection are reviewed, and the potential therapeutic importance of fully investigating the scope and interdependences of the canonical and non-canonical pathways is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grover Bagby
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Genetics, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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6
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Gammon L, Biddle A, Fazil B, Harper L, Mackenzie IC. Stem cell characteristics of cell sub-populations in cell lines derived from head and neck cancers of Fanconi anemia patients. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 40:143-52. [PMID: 21138479 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00972.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that cancer growth is driven by a sub-population of self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs) and that clinical problems of tumor recurrence after therapy may be related to differential resistance of CSCs to therapeutic elimination. Fanconi anemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with deficiencies of DNA repair and a greatly enhanced risk of hematopoietic malignancies and of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In FA patients, lack of DNA repair complicates therapies acting through DNA damage and alternative approaches, such as targeting signaling pathways associated with stem cell maintenance, might be of particular benefit. To assess effects of FA gene defects on the expression of stem cell properties, CSC patterns in cell lines derived from FA-related and sporadic HNSCC were compared. As for sporadic cell lines, FA cell lines showed colony morphologies associated with stem cell patterns. In all cell lines, cells with strong staining for CD44 (CD44(high) ) showed lower rates of apoptosis and a greater DNA damage induced block in the G2 phase of the cell cycle than CD44(low) cells. Mitomycin C, and UVB increased overall rates of apoptosis for both sporadic and FA cell lines, although FA cells tended to be more sensitive to apoptotic induction. Fluorescence activated cell sorting, immunohistochemistry, and QPCR indicated distinctly different patterns of gene expression of CD44(high) and CD44(low) cells in both sporadic and FA cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Gammon
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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7
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Ciccia A, McDonald N, West SC. Structural and functional relationships of the XPF/MUS81 family of proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 2008; 77:259-87. [PMID: 18518821 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.070306.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Proteins belonging to the XPF/MUS81 family play important roles in the repair of DNA lesions caused by UV-light or DNA cross-linking agents. Most eukaryotes have four family members that assemble into two distinct heterodimeric complexes, XPF-ERCC1 and MUS81-EME1. Each complex contains one catalytic and one noncatalytic subunit and exhibits endonuclease activity with a variety of 3'-flap or fork DNA structures. The catalytic subunits share a characteristic core containing an excision repair cross complementation group 4 (ERCC4) nuclease domain and a tandem helix-hairpin-helix (HhH)(2) domain. Diverged domains are present in the noncatalytic subunits and may be required for substrate targeting. Vertebrates possess two additional family members, FANCM and Fanconi anemia-associated protein 24 kDa (FAAP24), which possess inactive nuclease domains. Instead, FANCM contains a functional Superfamily 2 (SF2) helicase domain that is required for DNA translocation. Determining how these enzymes recognize specific DNA substrates and promote key repair reactions is an important challenge for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ciccia
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Clare Hall Laboratories, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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8
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Rulten SL, Hodder E, Ripley TL, Stephens DN, Mayne LV. Alcohol Induces DNA Damage and the Fanconi Anemia D2 Protein Implicating FANCD2 in the DNA Damage Response Pathways in Brain. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2008; 32:1186-96. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00673.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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AMD3100 synergizes with G-CSF to mobilize repopulating stem cells in Fanconi anemia knockout mice. Exp Hematol 2008; 36:1084-90. [PMID: 18495331 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2008] [Accepted: 03/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a heterogeneous inherited disorder characterized by a progressive bone marrow (BM) failure and susceptibility to myeloid leukemia. Genetic correction using gene-transfer technology is one potential therapy. A major hurdle in applying this technology in FA patients is the inability of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to mobilize sufficient numbers of hematopoietic stem (HSC)/progenitor cells (HPC) from the BM to the peripheral blood. Whether the low number of CD34(+) cells is a result of BM hypoplasia or an inability of G-CSF to adequately mobilize FA HSC/HPC remains incompletely understood. Here we use competitive repopulation of lethally irradiated primary and secondary recipients to show that in two murine models of FA, AMD3100 synergizes with G-CSF resulting in a mobilization of HSC, whereas G-CSF alone fails to mobilize stem cells even in the absence of hypoplasia.
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Grillari J, Katinger H, Voglauer R. Aging and the ubiquitinome: traditional and non-traditional functions of ubiquitin in aging cells and tissues. Exp Gerontol 2006; 41:1067-79. [PMID: 17052881 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2006] [Revised: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/18/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination of endogenous proteins is one of the key regulatory steps of protein degradation followed by regulation of proteasome activity. During the last years evidence has increased that proteasome activity is decreased during the aging process in various model systems and that these changes might be causally related to aging and aging associated diseases. Since in most instances ubiquitination is the primary event in target selection, the system of ubiquitination and deubiquitination might be of similar importance. Furthermore, ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation are not completely congruent, since ubiquitination also confers functions different from giving "the kiss of death" to proteins. Depending on mono- and polyubiquitination and on how ubiquitin chains are linked together, ubiquitination is involved in transcriptional regulation, receptor internalization, DNA repair, and stabilization of protein complexes. This review is therefore the first to summarize the current knowledge regarding the ubiquitinome and the underlying ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes in replicative senescence, tissue aging as well as in segmental progeroid syndromes and to discuss potential causes and consequences for aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.
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11
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Si Y, Ciccone S, Yang FC, Yuan J, Zeng D, Chen S, van de Vrugt HJ, Critser J, Arwert F, Haneline LS, Clapp DW. Continuous in vivo infusion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) enhances engraftment of syngeneic wild-type cells in Fanca-/- and Fancg-/- mice. Blood 2006; 108:4283-7. [PMID: 16946306 PMCID: PMC1895443 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-03-007997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder characterized by bone marrow (BM) failure and cancer susceptibility. Identification of the cDNAs of FA complementation types allows the potential of using gene transfer technology to introduce functional cDNAs as transgenes into autologous stem cells and provide a cure for the BM failure in FA patients. However, strategies to enhance the mobilization, transduction, and engraftment of exogenous stem cells are required to optimize efficacy prior to widespread clinical use. Hypersensitivity of Fancc-/- cells to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a nongenotoxic immune-regulatory cytokine, enhances engraftment of syngeneic wild-type (WT) cells in Fancc-/- mice. However, whether this phenotype is of broad relevance in other FA complementation groups is unresolved. Here we show that primitive and mature myeloid progenitors in Fanca-/- and Fancg-/- mice are hypersensitive to IFN-gamma and that in vivo infusion of IFN-gamma at clinically relevant concentrations was sufficient to allow consistent long-term engraftment of isogenic WT repopulating stem cells. Given that FANCA, FANCC, and FANCG complementation groups account for more than 90% of all FA patients, these data provide evidence that IFN-gamma conditioning may be a useful nongenotoxic strategy for myelopreparation in FA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Si
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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12
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Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare inherited disorder characterized clinically by aplastic anemia, developmental defects, and a susceptibility to cancer. Eleven complementation groups have been identified (FA-A, -B, -C, -D1, -D2, -E, -F, -G, -I, -J, and -L), and the genes responsible for 9 groups (FANCA, B, C, D1, D2, E, F, G, and L) have been cloned. The proteins involved in FA act coordinately in the cellular response to DNA cross-links in a pathway that has been shown to interact physically or functionally with a variety of other proteins involved in DNA repair or cell cycle control, notably BRCA1, Rad51,ATM,ATR, and Nbs1. Considerable advances in the identification and description of proteins involved in FA have been recorded, but the precise biochemical function of the FA pathway remains elusive. As research continues to improve our understanding of FA, insight will be gained into what is a pivotal process in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Collins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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13
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Açikgöz A, Ozden FO, Fisgin T, Açikgöz G, Duru F, Yarali N, Albayrak D. Oral and dental findings in Fanconi's anemia. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2005; 22:531-9. [PMID: 16169820 DOI: 10.1080/08880010591002413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi's anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive pancytopenia and congenital malformation of the skeleton. This study investigated the oral health status of 15 children with Fanconi's anemia, including oral lesions, gingival and periodontal status, and dental abnormalities. All children in the group were found to have a tendency to develop tooth decay and were in need of dental treatment. Two had aggressive periodontitis. In one patient supernumerary teeth were found, while in another teeth were congenitally missing. The increased tendency toward periodontal disease in patients with Fanconi's anemia may be due not only to the anemia, leukopenia, and defective detoxification of oxygen radicals that are characteristic of the disease itself, but also to medications applied during intense immunosuppressive treatment, such as prednisolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydan Açikgöz
- Baskent University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Pagano G, Degan P, d'Ischia M, Kelly FJ, Nobili B, Pallardó FV, Youssoufian H, Zatterale A. Oxidative stress as a multiple effector in Fanconi anaemia clinical phenotype. Eur J Haematol 2005; 75:93-100. [PMID: 16000125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2005.00507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a genetic disease characterised by bone marrow failure with excess risk of myelogenous leukaemia and solid tumours. A widely accepted notion in FA research invokes a deficiency of response to DNA damage as the fundamental basis of the 'crosslinker sensitivity' observed in this disorder. However, such an isolated defect cannot readily account for the full cellular and clinical phenotype, which includes a number of other abnormalities, such as malformations, endocrinopathies, and typical skin spots. An extensive body of evidence pointing toward an involvement of oxidative stress in the FA phenotype includes the following: (i) In vitro and ex vivo abnormalities in a number of redox status endpoints; (ii) the functions of several FA proteins in protecting cells from oxidative stress; (iii) redox-related toxicity mechanisms of the xenobiotics evoking excess toxicity in FA cells. The clinical features in FA and the in vivo abnormalities of redox parameters are here reconsidered in view of the pleiotropic clinical phenotype and known biochemical and molecular links to an in vivo prooxidant state, which causes oxidative damage to biomolecules, resulting in an excessive number of acquired abnormalities that may overwhelm the cellular repair capacity rather than a primary deficiency in DNA repair. FA may thus represent a unique model disease in testing the integration between the acquisition of macromolecular damage as a result of oxidative stress and the ability of the mammalian cell to respond effectively to such damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Centre for Research, Innovation and Technological Transfer in Oncology and Life Sciences, Mercogliano (AV), Italy.
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15
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Freie BW, Ciccone SLM, Li X, Plett PA, Orschell CM, Srour EF, Hanenberg H, Schindler D, Lee SH, Clapp DW. A role for the Fanconi anemia C protein in maintaining the DNA damage-induced G2 checkpoint. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:50986-93. [PMID: 15377654 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m407160200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a complex, heterogeneous genetic disorder composed of at least 11 complementation groups. The FA proteins have recently been found to functionally interact with the cell cycle regulatory proteins ATM and BRCA1; however, the function of the FA proteins in cell cycle control remains incompletely understood. Here we show that the Fanconi anemia complementation group C protein (Fancc) is necessary for proper function of the DNA damage-induced G2/M checkpoint in vitro and in vivo. Despite apparently normal induction of the G2/M checkpoint after ionizing radiation, murine and human cells lacking functional FANCC did not maintain the G2 checkpoint as compared with wild-type cells. The increased rate of mitotic entry seen in Fancc-/-mouse embryo fibroblasts correlated with decreased inhibitory phosphorylation of cdc2 kinase on tyrosine 15. An increased inability to maintain the DNA damage-induced G2 checkpoint was observed in Fancc -/-; Trp53 -/-cells compared with Fancc -/-cells, indicating that Fancc and p53 cooperated to maintain the G2 checkpoint. In contrast, genetic disruption of both Fancc and Atm did not cooperate in the G2 checkpoint. These data indicate that Fancc and p53 in separate pathways converge to regulate the G2 checkpoint. Finally, fibroblasts lacking FANCD2 were found to have a G2 checkpoint phenotype similar to FANCC-deficient cells, indicating that FANCD2, which is activated by the FA complex, was also required to maintain the G2 checkpoint. Because a proper checkpoint function is critical for the maintenance of genomic stability and is intricately related to the function and integrity of the DNA repair process, these data have implications in understanding both the function of FA proteins and the mechanism of genomic instability in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Freie
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the status of zebrafish as a genetic model to study human hematological disorders. Much of our current understanding of the function of genes modulating the process of hematopoietic stem cell generation, specification, and differentiation has come from mutant analysis. Because of the transparency of zebrafish embryos that allows for direct visualization of circulating erythroid cells, mutations affecting zebrafish erythropoiesis were among the first characterized mutants through positional cloning and candidate gene strategies. RECENT FINDINGS New technologies have evolved that allow for generation, detection, and characterization of lineage specific alterations in the hematopoietic system. We will also briefly discuss the applications of several of these technologies such as targeted gene knockdown using antisense morpholinos, small molecule screen, transgenesis, and cell transplantation as related to blood disorders and hematopoietic development. SUMMARY The combination of phenotype-driven forward genetic analyses and innovative technical advances has conferred zebrafish as a powerful genetic model to further dissect the function of hematopoietic genes. Through the use of available resources, the identification of novel genes or novel function for known hematopoietic genes will have important implications for our understanding of human disease pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Shafizadeh
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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17
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Brodeur I, Goulet I, Tremblay CS, Charbonneau C, Delisle MC, Godin C, Huard C, Khandjian EW, Buchwald M, Lévesque G, Carreau M. Regulation of the Fanconi Anemia Group C Protein through Proteolytic Modification. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:4713-20. [PMID: 14625294 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m301291200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the Fanconi anemia group C protein (FANCC) is still unknown, though many studies point to a role in damage response signaling. Unlike other known FA proteins, FANCC is mainly localized to the cytoplasm and is thought to act as a messenger of cellular damage rather than an effector of repair. FANCC has been shown to interact with several cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins and to delay the onset of apoptosis through redox regulation of GSTP1. We investigated the fate and function of FANCC during apoptosis. Here we show that FANCC undergoes proteolytic modification by a caspase into a predominant 47-kDa ubiquitinated protein fragment. Lack of proteolytic modification at the putative cleavage site delays apoptosis but does not affect MMC complementation. These results suggest that FANCC function is regulated through proteolytic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Brodeur
- Unité de Génétique Humaine et Moléculaire, CHUQ-Pavillon St-François d'Assise, Quebec, Quebec G1L 3L5, Canada
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18
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Abstract
Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification in which a small conserved peptide, ubiquitin, is appended to target proteins in the cell, through a series of complex enzymatic reactions. Recently, a particular form of ubiquitination, monoubiquitination, has emerged as a nonproteolytic reversible modification that controls protein function. In this review, we highlight recent findings on monoubiquitination as a signaling-induced modification, controlled, among others, by pathways originating from active receptor tyrosine kinases. Furthermore, we review the major cellular processes controlled by ubiquitin modification, including membrane trafficking, histone function, transcription regulation, DNA repair, and DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sigismund
- IFOM, The FIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
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19
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Pagano G, Youssoufian H. Fanconi anaemia proteins: major roles in cell protection against oxidative damage. Bioessays 2003; 25:589-95. [PMID: 12766948 DOI: 10.1002/bies.10283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a cancer-prone genetic disorder that is characterised by cytogenetic instability and redox abnormalities. Although rare subtypes of FA (B, D1 and D2) have been implicated in DNA repair through links with BRCA1 and BRCA2, such a role has yet to be demonstrated for gene products of the common subtypes. Instead, these products have been strongly implicated in xenobiotic metabolism and redox homeostasis through interactions of FANCC with cytochrome P-450 reductase and with glutathione S-transferase, and of FANCG with cytochrome P-450 2E1, as well as redox-dependent signalling through an interaction between FANCA and Akt kinase. We hypothesise that FA proteins act directly (via FANCC and FANCG) and indirectly (via FANCA, BRCA2 and FANCD2) with the machinery of cellular defence to modulate oxidative stress. The latter interactions may co-ordinate the link between the response to DNA damage and oxidative stress parameters (3, 6-12).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Italian National Cancer Institute, G. Pascale Foundation, Paediatric Oncology Research Centre, via M. Semmola, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
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20
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Tönnies H, Huber S, Kuhl JS, Gerlach A, Ebell W, Neitzel H. Clonal chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells of Fanconi anemia patients: gains of the chromosomal segment 3q26q29 as an adverse risk factor. Blood 2003; 101:3872-4. [PMID: 12511406 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-10-3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a condition that induces susceptibility to bone marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and leukemia. We report on a high incidence of expanding clonal aberrations with partial trisomies and tetrasomies of chromosome 3q in bone marrow cells of 18 of 53 FA patients analyzed, detected by conventional and molecular cytogenetics. To determine the clinical relevance of these findings, we compared the cytogenetic data, the morphologic features of the bone marrow, and the clinical course of these patients with those of 35 FA patients without clonal aberrations of 3q. The 2 groups did not differ significantly with respect to age, sex, or complementation group. There was a significant survival advantage of patients without abnormalities of chromosome 3q. Even more pronounced was the risk assessment of patients with gains of 3q material with respect to the development of morphologic MDS and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Thus, our data from 18 patients with 3q aberrations reveal that gains of 3q are strongly associated with a poor prognosis and represent an adverse risk factor in FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Tönnies
- Institute of Human Genetics, Charité, Campus-Virchow, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA) is a rare cancer-prone syndrome associated with a defect in the repair of DNA cross-links. Six genes involved in FA have been previously cloned and characterised. Now the two remaining subtypes (FA-B and FA-D1) have been shown by Howlett et al. to be associated with mutations in BRCA2 and to express truncated BRCA2 proteins. Their results suggest that the six cloned FA genes are linked with BRCA2 in a common pathway. Here Steve West discusses some of the implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C West
- Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Clare Hall Laboratories, South Mimms, Hertfordshire EN6 3LD, UK.
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Fang S, Lorick KL, Jensen JP, Weissman AM. RING finger ubiquitin protein ligases: implications for tumorigenesis, metastasis and for molecular targets in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2003; 13:5-14. [PMID: 12507552 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-579x(02)00095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Covalent modification of proteins with ubiquitin regulates almost all aspects of eukaryotic cellular function. Ubiquitin protein ligases (E3s) play central regulatory roles in that they provide substrate specificity to this process and therefore, represent attractive molecular targets for disease therapy. We summarize recent advances in our understanding of RING finger and RING finger-related E3s with emphasis on BRCA1 and the tumor autocrine motility factor receptor (gp78), as well as discuss the potential for components of the ubiquitin pathway for proteasomal degradation as molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Fang
- Regulation of Protein Function Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Building 560, Room 22-95, 1050 Boyles Street, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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23
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Abstract
The spectrum of hematological malignancies differs markedly between children and adults. Moreover, diseases such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndrome also demonstrate distinct biologic features and responses to treatment between these populations. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the molecular pathology of acute leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome, emphasizing areas in which studies in pediatric patients are providing unique insights into the hematopoietic malignancies of adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Downing
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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24
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D'Andrea AD, Dahl N, Guinan EC, Shimamura A. Marrow failure. HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2002; 2002:58-72. [PMID: 12446419 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2002.1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes the clinical presentation and molecular basis of two inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, Fanconi anemia (FA), and Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA). It also provides an update on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to bone marrow failure of all types (inherited and acquired) in pediatric patients. In Section I, Dr. Alan D'Andrea reviews the wide range of clinical manifestations of Fanconi anemia. Significant advances have been made in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of FA. On the basis of these advances, new diagnostic assays and treatment options are now available. In Section II, Dr. Niklas Dahl examines the clinical features and molecular pathogenesis of Diamond-Blackfan anemia. The possible links between the RPS19 gene (DBA gene) and the erythropoiesis defect are considered. In Section III, Drs. Eva Guinan and Akiko Shimamura provide an algorithm for the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of children with inherited or acquired aplastic anemia. Through the presentation of a case study of a pediatric patient with bone marrow failure, he provides an overview of the newest tests and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D D'Andrea
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics Oncology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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