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Currim F, Tanwar R, Brown-Leung JM, Paranjape N, Liu J, Sanders LH, Doorn JA, Cannon JR. Selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity modulated by inherent cell-type specific neurobiology. Neurotoxicology 2024; 103:266-287. [PMID: 38964509 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Hallmark features of PD pathology are the formation of Lewy bodies in neuromelanin-containing dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and the subsequent irreversible death of these neurons. Although genetic risk factors have been identified, around 90 % of PD cases are sporadic and likely caused by environmental exposures and gene-environment interaction. Mechanistic studies have identified a variety of chemical PD risk factors. PD neuropathology occurs throughout the brain and peripheral nervous system, but it is the loss of DAergic neurons in the SNpc that produce many of the cardinal motor symptoms. Toxicology studies have found specifically the DAergic neuron population of the SNpc exhibit heightened sensitivity to highly variable chemical insults (both in terms of chemical structure and mechanism of neurotoxic action). Thus, it has become clear that the inherent neurobiology of nigral DAergic neurons likely underlies much of this neurotoxic response to broad insults. This review focuses on inherent neurobiology of nigral DAergic neurons and how such neurobiology impacts the primary mechanism of neurotoxicity. While interactions with a variety of other cell types are important in disease pathogenesis, understanding how inherent DAergic biology contributes to selective sensitivity and primary mechanisms of neurotoxicity is critical to advancing the field. Specifically, key biological features of DAergic neurons that increase neurotoxicant susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatema Currim
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA
| | - Reeya Tanwar
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA
| | - Josephine M Brown-Leung
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA
| | - Neha Paranjape
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jennifer Liu
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Laurie H Sanders
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Center for Neurodegeneration and Neurotherapeutics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jonathan A Doorn
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jason R Cannon
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA; Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47901, USA.
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2
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Tai MDS, Gamiz-Arco G, Martinez A. Dopamine synthesis and transport: current and novel therapeutics for parkinsonisms. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1275-1291. [PMID: 38813865 DOI: 10.1042/bst20231061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Parkinsonism is the primary type of movement disorder in adults, encompassing a set of clinical symptoms, including rigidity, tremors, dystonia, bradykinesia, and postural instability. These symptoms are primarily caused by a deficiency in dopamine (DA), an essential neurotransmitter in the brain. Currently, the DA precursor levodopa (synthetic L-DOPA) is the standard medication to treat DA deficiency, but it only addresses symptoms rather than provides a cure. In this review, we provide an overview of disorders associated with DA dysregulation and deficiency, particularly Parkinson's disease and rare inherited disorders leading predominantly to dystonia and/or parkinsonism, even in childhood. Although levodopa is relatively effective for the management of motor dysfunctions, it is less effective for severe forms of parkinsonism and is also associated with side effects and a loss of efficacy over time. We present ongoing efforts to reinforce the effect of levodopa and to develop innovative therapies that target the underlying pathogenic mechanisms affecting DA synthesis and transport, increasing neurotransmission through disease-modifying approaches, such as cell-based therapies, nucleic acid- and protein-based biologics, and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gloria Gamiz-Arco
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Aurora Martinez
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5009 Bergen, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Translational Research in Parkinson's Disease, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
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3
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Bucher ML, Dicent J, Duarte Hospital C, Miller GW. Neurotoxicology of dopamine: Victim or assailant? Neurotoxicology 2024; 103:175-188. [PMID: 38857676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Since the identification of dopamine as a neurotransmitter in the mid-20th century, investigators have examined the regulation of dopamine homeostasis at a basic biological level and in human disorders. Genetic animal models that manipulate the expression of proteins involved in dopamine homeostasis have provided key insight into the consequences of dysregulated dopamine. As a result, we have come to understand the potential of dopamine to act as an endogenous neurotoxin through the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive metabolites that can damage cellular macromolecules. Endogenous factors, such as genetic variation and subcellular processes, and exogenous factors, such as environmental exposures, have been identified as contributors to the dysregulation of dopamine homeostasis. Given the variety of dysregulating factors that impact dopamine homeostasis and the potential for dopamine itself to contribute to further cellular dysfunction, dopamine can be viewed as both the victim and an assailant of neurotoxicity. Parkinson's disease has emerged as the exemplar case study of dopamine dysregulation due to the genetic and environmental factors known to contribute to disease risk, and due to the evidence of dysregulated dopamine as a pathologic and pathogenic feature of the disease. This review, inspired by the talk, "Dopamine in Durham: location, location, location" presented by Dr. Miller for the Jacob Hooisma Memorial Lecture at the International Neurotoxicology Association meeting in 2023, offers a primer on dopamine toxicity covering endogenous and exogenous factors that disrupt dopamine homeostasis and the actions of dopamine as an endogenous neurotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Bucher
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jocelyn Dicent
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carolina Duarte Hospital
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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4
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Bucher ML, Dunn AR, Bradner JM, Egerton KS, Burkett JP, Johnson MA, Miller GW. Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C enhances vesicular storage of dopamine and counters dopaminergic toxicity. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2483-2501. [PMID: 38532289 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra exist in a persistent state of vulnerability resulting from high baseline oxidative stress, high-energy demand, and broad unmyelinated axonal arborisations. Impairments in the storage of dopamine compound this stress because of cytosolic reactions that transform the vital neurotransmitter into an endogenous neurotoxicant, and this toxicity is thought to contribute to the dopamine neuron degeneration that occurs Parkinson's disease. We have previously identified synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C (SV2C) as a modifier of vesicular dopamine function, demonstrating that genetic ablation of SV2C in mice results in decreased dopamine content and evoked dopamine release in the striatum. Here, we adapted a previously published in vitro assay utilising false fluorescent neurotransmitter 206 (FFN206) to visualise how SV2C regulates vesicular dopamine dynamics and determined that SV2C promotes the uptake and retention of FFN206 within vesicles. In addition, we present data indicating that SV2C enhances the retention of dopamine in the vesicular compartment with radiolabelled dopamine in vesicles isolated from immortalised cells and from mouse brain. Further, we demonstrate that SV2C enhances the ability of vesicles to store the neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and that genetic ablation of SV2C results in enhanced 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced vulnerability in mice. Together, these findings suggest that SV2C functions to enhance vesicular storage of dopamine and neurotoxicants and helps maintain the integrity of dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Bucher
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Amy R Dunn
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, USA
| | - Joshua M Bradner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- AbbVie CRC, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristen Stout Egerton
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Education and Health Sciences, North Central College, Naperville, Illinois, USA
| | - James P Burkett
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Michelle A Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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5
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Shaff N, Erhardt E, Nitschke S, Julio K, Wertz C, Vakhtin A, Caprihan A, Suarez‐Cedeno G, Deligtisch A, Richardson SP, Mayer AR, Ryman SG. Comparison of automated and manual quantification methods for neuromelanin-sensitive MRI in Parkinson's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26544. [PMID: 38041476 PMCID: PMC10789205 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging quantitative analysis methods have provided promising biomarkers that can noninvasively quantify degeneration of the substantia nigra in patients with Parkinson's disease. However, there is a need to systematically evaluate the performance of manual and automated quantification approaches. We evaluate whether spatial, signal-intensity, or subject specific abnormality measures using either atlas based or manually traced identification of the substantia nigra better differentiate patients with Parkinson's disease from healthy controls using logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristics. Inference was performed using bootstrap analyses to calculate 95% confidence interval bounds. Pairwise comparisons were performed by generating 10,000 permutations, refitting the models, and calculating a paired difference between metrics. Thirty-one patients with Parkinson's disease and 22 healthy controls were included in the analyses. Signal intensity measures significantly outperformed spatial and subject specific abnormality measures, with the top performers exhibiting excellent ability to differentiate patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls (balanced accuracy = 0.89; area under the curve = 0.81; sensitivity =0.86; and specificity = 0.83). Atlas identified substantia nigra metrics performed significantly better than manual tracing metrics. These results provide clear support for the use of automated signal intensity metrics and additional recommendations. Future work is necessary to evaluate whether the same metrics can best differentiate atypical parkinsonism, perform similarly in de novo and mid-stage cohorts, and serve as longitudinal monitoring biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Erhardt
- Department of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | | | - Kayla Julio
- The Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | | | | | | | - Gerson Suarez‐Cedeno
- Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Amanda Deligtisch
- Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Sarah Pirio Richardson
- Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
- New Mexico VA Health Care SystemAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | | | - Sephira G. Ryman
- The Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
- Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, Department of NeurologyUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
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6
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Zhou ZD, Yi LX, Wang DQ, Lim TM, Tan EK. Role of dopamine in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:44. [PMID: 37718439 PMCID: PMC10506345 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and decreased dopamine (DA) content in the substantia nigra pars compacta in PD brains. DA is the neurotransmitter of dopaminergic neurons. Accumulating evidence suggests that DA interacts with environmental and genetic factors to contribute to PD pathophysiology. Disturbances of DA synthesis, storage, transportation and metabolism have been shown to promote neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in various PD models. DA is unstable and can undergo oxidation and metabolism to produce multiple reactive and toxic by-products, including reactive oxygen species, DA quinones, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. Here we summarize and highlight recent discoveries on DA-linked pathophysiologic pathways, and discuss the potential protective and therapeutic strategies to mitigate the complications associated with DA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Dong Zhou
- National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.
- Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Ling Xiao Yi
- National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore
| | - Dennis Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Tit Meng Lim
- Department of Biological Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
| | - Eng King Tan
- National Neuroscience Institute of Singapore, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore, 308433, Singapore.
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
- Signature Research Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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7
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Domenicale C, Magnabosco S, Morari M. Modeling Parkinson's disease in LRRK2 rodents. Neuronal Signal 2023; 7:NS20220040. [PMID: 37601008 PMCID: PMC10432857 DOI: 10.1042/ns20220040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are associated with familial and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Sporadic PD and LRRK2 PD share main clinical and neuropathological features, namely hypokinesia, degeneration of nigro-striatal dopamine neurons and α-synuclein aggregates in the form of Lewy bodies. Animals harboring the most common LRRK2 mutations, i.e. p.G2019S and p.R1441C/G, have been generated to replicate the parkinsonian phenotype and investigate the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Disappointingly, however, LRRK2 rodents did not consistently phenocopy hypokinesia and nigro-striatal degeneration, or showed Lewy body-like aggregates. Instead, LRRK2 rodents manifested non-motor signs and dysregulated transmission at dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic synapses that are reminiscent of behavioral and functional network changes observed in the prodromal phase of the disease. LRRK2 rodents also manifested greater susceptibility to different parkinsonian toxins or stressors when subjected to dual-hit or multiple-hit protocols, confirming LRRK2 mutations as genetic risk factors. In conclusion, LRRK2 rodents represent a unique tool to identify the molecular mechanisms through which LRRK2 modulates the course and clinical presentations of PD and to study the interplay between genetic, intrinsic and environmental protective/risk factors in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Domenicale
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Magnabosco
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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8
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Liu Q, Wang P, Liu C, Xue F, Wang Q, Chen Y, Hou R, Chen T. An investigation of neuromelanin distribution in substantia nigra and locus coeruleus in patients with Parkinson's disease using neuromelanin-sensitive MRI. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:301. [PMID: 37580712 PMCID: PMC10424360 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of neuromelanin in the midbrain is known in Parkinson's disease(PD), which can now be directly detected by neuromelanin-sensitive MRI(NM-MRI). This case-control study was to investigate the distribution of neuromelanin in the substantia nigra(SN) and the locus coeruleus(LC) using NM-MRI technique and evaluate its potential as a diagnostic marker for PD. 10 early PD patients(H&Y stage I, II), 11 progressive PD patients(H&Y stage III-V), and 10 healthy controls matched in age and gender were recruited. All participants completed clinical and psychometric assessments as well as NM-MRI scans. Neuromelanin signal intensities in SN and LC were measured by contrast-to-noise ratios(CNRs) derived from NM-MRI scans. There were significant decreases of CNRs in SNpc(including anterior, central, and posterior) and LC in PD patients compared to controls. There were also significant differences of CNR between the left and right sides. CNR in LC had a negative correlation with the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale(NMSS) score in PD patients(|R|=0.49), whereas CNR in SNpc did not correlate with Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS) score(|R|<0.3). The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves revealed that the CNR in LC had a high diagnostic specificity of 90.1% in progressive patients. This study provides new evidence for the asymmetric distribution of neuromelanin in SN and the LC of patients with PD. The neuromelanin loss is bilateral and more predominately in LC than that in SN. This distinct neuromelanin distribution pattern may offer a potential diagnostic marker and a potential neuropharmacological intervention target for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chenghe Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuqing Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruihua Hou
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Teng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China.
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9
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Bucher ML, Dunn AR, Bradner JM, Egerton KS, Burkett JP, Johnson MA, Miller GW. Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C enhances vesicular storage of dopamine and counters dopaminergic toxicity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.26.546143. [PMID: 37425736 PMCID: PMC10326994 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.26.546143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra exist in a persistent state of vulnerability resulting from high baseline oxidative stress, high energy demand, and broad unmyelinated axonal arborizations. Impairments in the storage of dopamine compound this stress due to cytosolic reactions that transform the vital neurotransmitter into an endogenous neurotoxicant, and this toxicity is thought to contribute to the dopamine neuron degeneration that occurs Parkinson's disease. We have previously identified synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C (SV2C) as a modifier of vesicular dopamine function, demonstrating that genetic ablation of SV2C in mice results in decreased dopamine content and evoked dopamine release in the striatum. Here, we adapted a previously published in vitro assay utilizing false fluorescent neurotransmitter 206 (FFN206) to visualize how SV2C regulates vesicular dopamine dynamics and determined that SV2C promotes the uptake and retention of FFN206 within vesicles. In addition, we present data indicating that SV2C enhances the retention of dopamine in the vesicular compartment with radiolabeled dopamine in vesicles isolated from immortalized cells and from mouse brain. Further, we demonstrate that SV2C enhances the ability of vesicles to store the neurotoxicant 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and that genetic ablation of SV2C results in enhanced 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced vulnerability in mice. Together, these findings suggest that SV2C functions to enhance vesicular storage of dopamine and neurotoxicants, and helps maintain the integrity of dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Bucher
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Amy R Dunn
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Joshua M Bradner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Kristen Stout Egerton
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - James P Burkett
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michelle A Johnson
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10031, USA
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10
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Regulating Optoelectronics of Carbon Dots with Redox-active Dopamine. TALANTA OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
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11
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Haider A, Elghazawy NH, Dawood A, Gebhard C, Wichmann T, Sippl W, Hoener M, Arenas E, Liang SH. Translational molecular imaging and drug development in Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:11. [PMID: 36759912 PMCID: PMC9912681 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects elderly people and constitutes a major source of disability worldwide. Notably, the neuropathological hallmarks of PD include nigrostriatal loss and the formation of intracellular inclusion bodies containing misfolded α-synuclein protein aggregates. Cardinal motor symptoms, which include tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia, can effectively be managed with dopaminergic therapy for years following symptom onset. Nonetheless, patients ultimately develop symptoms that no longer fully respond to dopaminergic treatment. Attempts to discover disease-modifying agents have increasingly been supported by translational molecular imaging concepts, targeting the most prominent pathological hallmark of PD, α-synuclein accumulation, as well as other molecular pathways that contribute to the pathophysiology of PD. Indeed, molecular imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can be leveraged to study parkinsonism not only in animal models but also in living patients. For instance, mitochondrial dysfunction can be assessed with probes that target the mitochondrial complex I (MC-I), while nigrostriatal degeneration is typically evaluated with probes designed to non-invasively quantify dopaminergic nerve loss. In addition to dopaminergic imaging, serotonin transporter and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor probes are increasingly used as research tools to better understand the complexity of neurotransmitter dysregulation in PD. Non-invasive quantification of neuroinflammatory processes is mainly conducted by targeting the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) on activated microglia using established imaging agents. Despite the overwhelming involvement of the brain and brainstem, the pathophysiology of PD is not restricted to the central nervous system (CNS). In fact, PD also affects various peripheral organs such as the heart and gastrointestinal tract - primarily via autonomic dysfunction. As such, research into peripheral biomarkers has taken advantage of cardiac autonomic denervation in PD, allowing the differential diagnosis between PD and multiple system atrophy with probes that visualize sympathetic nerve terminals in the myocardium. Further, α-synuclein has recently gained attention as a potential peripheral biomarker in PD. This review discusses breakthrough discoveries that have led to the contemporary molecular concepts of PD pathophysiology and how they can be harnessed to develop effective imaging probes and therapeutic agents. Further, we will shed light on potential future trends, thereby focusing on potential novel diagnostic tracers and disease-modifying therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Nehal H. Elghazawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al-Tagamoa Al-Khames, Cairo, 11835 Egypt
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al-Tagamoa Al-Khames, Cairo, 11835 Egypt
| | - Alyaa Dawood
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al-Tagamoa Al-Khames, Cairo, 11835 Egypt
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al-Tagamoa Al-Khames, Cairo, 11835 Egypt
| | - Catherine Gebhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wichmann
- Department of Neurology/School of Medicine, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, W.-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Marius Hoener
- Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Karolinska Institutet, MBB, Molecular Neurobiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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12
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Channer B, Matt SM, Nickoloff-Bybel EA, Pappa V, Agarwal Y, Wickman J, Gaskill PJ. Dopamine, Immunity, and Disease. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:62-158. [PMID: 36757901 PMCID: PMC9832385 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine is a key factor in central nervous system (CNS) function, regulating many processes including reward, movement, and cognition. Dopamine also regulates critical functions in peripheral organs, such as blood pressure, renal activity, and intestinal motility. Beyond these functions, a growing body of evidence indicates that dopamine is an important immunoregulatory factor. Most types of immune cells express dopamine receptors and other dopaminergic proteins, and many immune cells take up, produce, store, and/or release dopamine, suggesting that dopaminergic immunomodulation is important for immune function. Targeting these pathways could be a promising avenue for the treatment of inflammation and disease, but despite increasing research in this area, data on the specific effects of dopamine on many immune cells and disease processes remain inconsistent and poorly understood. Therefore, this review integrates the current knowledge of the role of dopamine in immune cell function and inflammatory signaling across systems. We also discuss the current understanding of dopaminergic regulation of immune signaling in the CNS and peripheral tissues, highlighting the role of dopaminergic immunomodulation in diseases such as Parkinson's disease, several neuropsychiatric conditions, neurologic human immunodeficiency virus, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and others. Careful consideration is given to the influence of experimental design on results, and we note a number of areas in need of further research. Overall, this review integrates our knowledge of dopaminergic immunology at the cellular, tissue, and disease level and prompts the development of therapeutics and strategies targeted toward ameliorating disease through dopaminergic regulation of immunity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Canonically, dopamine is recognized as a neurotransmitter involved in the regulation of movement, cognition, and reward. However, dopamine also acts as an immune modulator in the central nervous system and periphery. This review comprehensively assesses the current knowledge of dopaminergic immunomodulation and the role of dopamine in disease pathogenesis at the cellular and tissue level. This will provide broad access to this information across fields, identify areas in need of further investigation, and drive the development of dopaminergic therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breana Channer
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Stephanie M Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Emily A Nickoloff-Bybel
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Yash Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Jason Wickman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
| | - Peter J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (B.C., S.M.M., E.A.N-B., Y.A., J.W., P.J.G.); and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (V.P.)
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13
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Gaskill PJ, Khoshbouei H. Dopamine and norepinephrine are embracing their immune side and so should we. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 77:102626. [PMID: 36058009 PMCID: PMC10481402 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
While the history of neuroimmunology is long, the explicit study of neuroimmune communication, and particularly the role of catecholamines in neuroimmunity, is still emerging. Recent studies have shown that catecholamines, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine, are central to multiple complex mechanisms regulating immune function. These studies show that catecholamines can be released from both the nervous system and directly from immune cells, mediating both autocrine and paracrine signaling. This commentary highlights the importance of catecholaminergic immunomodulation and discusses new considerations needed to study the role of catecholamines in immune homeostasis to best leverage their contribution to disease processes for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Habibeh Khoshbouei
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA. https://twitter.com/Khoshbouei_lab
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14
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Interactions of dopamine, iron, and alpha-synuclein linked to dopaminergic neuron vulnerability in Parkinson's disease and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 175:105920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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15
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Gordon J, Lockard G, Monsour M, Alayli A, Choudhary H, Borlongan CV. Sequestration of Inflammation in Parkinson's Disease via Stem Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710138. [PMID: 36077534 PMCID: PMC9456021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Insidious and progressive, this disorder is secondary to the gradual loss of dopaminergic signaling and worsening neuroinflammation, affecting patients’ motor capabilities. Gold standard treatment includes exogenous dopamine therapy in the form of levodopa–carbidopa, or surgical intervention with a deep brain stimulator to the subcortical basal ganglia. Unfortunately, these therapies may ironically exacerbate the already pro-inflammatory environment. An alternative approach may involve cell-based therapies. Cell-based therapies, whether endogenous or exogenous, often have anti-inflammatory properties. Alternative strategies, such as exercise and diet modifications, also appear to play a significant role in facilitating endogenous and exogenous stem cells to induce an anti-inflammatory response, and thus are of unique interest to neuroinflammatory conditions including Parkinson’s disease. Treating patients with current gold standard therapeutics and adding adjuvant stem cell therapy, alongside the aforementioned lifestyle modifications, may ideally sequester inflammation and thus halt neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah Gordon
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Gavin Lockard
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Molly Monsour
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Adam Alayli
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Hassan Choudhary
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Munzuroğlu M, Danışman B, Akçay G, Yelli İ, Aslan M, Derin N. Effects Of Biotin Deficiency On Short Term Memory: The Role Of Glutamate, Glutamic Acid, Dopamine And Protein Kinase A. Brain Res 2022; 1792:148031. [PMID: 35901964 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient dietary biotin intake, biotinidase deficiency, drug-biotin interactions can cause biotin deficiency which may result in central nervous system dysfunctions. We hypothesized that biotin deficiency could disrupt learning and memory functions by altering glutamate, glutamine, dopamine levels and protein kinase A (PKA) activity in the hippocampus. Sixteen female and 4 male Wistar rats were mated and females were separated into 4 groups. Three pups were selected from each mother and a total of 48 pups were divided into the following experimental groups. NN group, normal diet in the prenatal and postnatal period. NB group, normal diet in the prenatal and a biotin-deficient diet in the postnatal period. BN group: biotin-deficient diet in the prenatal and a normal diet in the postnatal period, BB group: biotin-deficient diet in both the prenatal and postnatal period. Open Field, Y-Maze, Object Location, and Novel Object Recognition Tests were performed in all groups and rats were sacrificed. Glutamine, glutamate, dopamine levels and PKA activity were analyzed in the hippocampus. In the open field test, distance and velocity values of NB, BN and BB groups were decreased with respect to the NN group. Learning and memory functions of NB, BN and BB groups were found to be impaired in behavioral tests. Dopamine levels and PKA activity were also decreased in all rat pups fed with a biotin deficient diet. In conclusion, we demonstrated that biotin deficiency deteriorates short-term memory and locomotor activity. This impairment may relate to decreased dopamine levels and PKA activity in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Munzuroğlu
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070,Turkey
| | - Betül Danışman
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Güven Akçay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Çorum 19040, Turkey
| | - İhsan Yelli
- Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Mutay Aslan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Narin Derin
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070,Turkey.
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17
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Du Y, Choi S, Pilski A, Graves SM. Differential vulnerability of locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe neurons to chronic methamphetamine-induced degeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:949923. [PMID: 35936499 PMCID: PMC9354074 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.949923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (meth) increases monoamine oxidase (MAO)-dependent mitochondrial stress in axons of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), and ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons. Chronic administration of meth results in SNc degeneration and MAO inhibition is neuroprotective, whereas, the VTA is resistant to degeneration. This differential vulnerability is attributed, at least in part, to the presence of L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent mitochondrial stress in SNc but not VTA dopamine neurons. MAO is also expressed in other monoaminergic neurons such as noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) and serotonergic dorsal raphe (DR) neurons. The impact of meth on mitochondrial stress in LC and DR neurons is unknown. In the current study we used a genetically encoded redox biosensor to investigate meth-induced MAO-dependent mitochondrial stress in LC and DR neurons. Similar to SNc and VTA neurons, meth increased MAO-dependent mitochondrial stress in axonal but not somatic compartments of LC norepinephrine and DR serotonin neurons. Chronic meth administration (5 mg/kg; 28-day) resulted in degeneration of LC neurons and MAO inhibition was neuroprotective whereas DR neurons were resistant to degeneration. Activating L-type Ca2+ channels increased mitochondrial stress in LC but not DR axons and inhibiting L-type Ca2+ channels in vivo with isradipine prevented meth-induced LC degeneration. These data suggest that similar to recent findings in SNc and VTA dopamine neurons, the differential vulnerability between LC and DR neurons can be attributed to the presence of L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent mitochondrial stress. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that both meth-induced MAO- and L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent mitochondrial stress are necessary for chronic meth-induced neurodegeneration.
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18
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Wulf M, Barkovits K, Schork K, Eisenacher M, Riederer P, Gerlach M, Eggers B, Marcus K. Neuromelanin granules of the substantia nigra: proteomic profile provides links to tyrosine hydroxylase, stress granules and lysosomes. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1257-1270. [PMID: 35852604 PMCID: PMC9468065 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractNeuromelanin is a black-brownish pigment, present in so-called neuromelanin granules (NMGs) in the cell bodies of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta. These neurons are lost in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Although it is known that lipids, proteins, and environmental toxins accumulate in NMGs, the function of NMGs has not yet been finally clarified as well as their origin and the synthesis of neuromelanin. We, therefore, isolated NMGs and surrounding SN tissue from control patients by laser microdissection and analyzed the proteomic profile by tandem mass spectrometry. With our improved workflow, we were able to (1) strengthen the regularly reported link between NMGs and lysosomes, (2) detect tyrosine hydroxylase to be highly abundant in NMGs, which may be related to neuromelanin synthesis and (3) indicate a yet undescribed link between stress granules (SGs) and NMGs. Based on our findings, we cautiously hypothesize, that SGs may be the origin of NMGs or form in close proximity to them, potentially due to the oxidative stress caused by neuromelanin-bound metals.
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19
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Marchetti B, Giachino C, Tirolo C, Serapide MF. "Reframing" dopamine signaling at the intersection of glial networks in the aged Parkinsonian brain as innate Nrf2/Wnt driver: Therapeutical implications. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13575. [PMID: 35262262 PMCID: PMC9009237 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) signaling via G protein‐coupled receptors is a multifunctional neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine–immune modulator. The DA nigrostriatal pathway, which controls the motor coordination, progressively degenerates in Parkinson's disease (PD), a most common neurodegenerative disorder (ND) characterized by a selective, age‐dependent loss of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) neurons, where DA itself is a primary source of oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment, intersecting astrocyte and microglial inflammatory networks. Importantly, glia acts as a preferential neuroendocrine–immune DA target, in turn, counter‐modulating inflammatory processes. With a major focus on DA intersection within the astrocyte–microglial inflammatory network in PD vulnerability, we herein first summarize the characteristics of DA signaling systems, the propensity of DA neurons to oxidative stress, and glial inflammatory triggers dictating the vulnerability to PD. Reciprocally, DA modulation of astrocytes and microglial reactivity, coupled to the synergic impact of gene–environment interactions, then constitute a further level of control regulating midbrain DA neuron (mDAn) survival/death. Not surprisingly, within this circuitry, DA converges to modulate nuclear factor erythroid 2‐like 2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of cellular defense against oxidative stress and inflammation, and Wingless (Wnt)/β‐catenin signaling, a key pathway for mDAn neurogenesis, neuroprotection, and immunomodulation, adding to the already complex “signaling puzzle,” a novel actor in mDAn–glial regulatory machinery. Here, we propose an autoregulatory feedback system allowing DA to act as an endogenous Nrf2/Wnt innate modulator and trace the importance of DA receptor agonists applied to the clinic as immune modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Marchetti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC) Pharmacology Section Medical School University of Catania Catania Italy
- OASI Research Institute‐IRCCS, Troina (EN), Italy Troina Italy
| | | | - Cataldo Tirolo
- OASI Research Institute‐IRCCS, Troina (EN), Italy Troina Italy
| | - Maria F. Serapide
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC) Pharmacology Section Medical School University of Catania Catania Italy
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20
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Zhang S, De Leon Rodriguez LM, Li FF, Huang R, Leung IKH, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. A novel tyrosine hyperoxidation enables selective peptide cleavage. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2753-2763. [PMID: 35356671 PMCID: PMC8890263 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06216f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel tyrosine hyperoxidation enabling selective peptide cleavage is reported. The scission of the N-terminal amide bond of tyrosine was achieved with Dess–Martin periodinane under mild conditions, generating a C-terminal peptide fragment bearing the unprecedented hyperoxidized tyrosine motif, 4,5,6,7-tetraoxo-1H-indole-2-carboxamide, along with an intact N-terminal peptide fragment. This reaction proceeds with high site-selectivity for tyrosine and exhibits broad substrate scope for various peptides, including those containing post-translational modifications. More importantly, this oxidative cleavage was successfully applied to enable sequencing of three naturally occurring cyclic peptides, including one depsipeptide and one lipopeptide. The linearized peptides generated from the cleavage reaction significantly simplify cyclic peptide sequencing by MS/MS, thus providing a robust tool to facilitate rapid sequence determination of diverse cyclic peptides containing tyrosine. Furthermore, the highly electrophilic nature of the hyperoxidized tyrosine unit disclosed in this work renders it an important electrophilic target for the selective bioconjugation or synthetic manipulation of peptides containing this unit. A Tyr-selective peptide cleavage was reported using Dess–Martin periodinane. The cleavage generates an unprecedented hyperoxidized tyrosine motif in the C-terminal fragment and showed excellent site-specificity and broad scope for various peptides.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengping Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland 23 Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand .,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland 3A Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | | | - Freda F Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland 23 Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Renjie Huang
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland 23 Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Ivanhoe K H Leung
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland 23 Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland 23 Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand .,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland 3A Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland 23 Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand .,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland 3A Symonds St Auckland 1010 New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland 1142 New Zealand
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21
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Carving the senescent phenotype by the chemical reactivity of catecholamines: An integrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 75:101570. [PMID: 35051644 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecules damaged by covalent modifications produced by chemically reactive metabolites accumulate in the slowly renewable components of living bodies and compromise their functions. Among such metabolites, catecholamines (CA) are unique, compared with the ubiquitous oxygen, ROS, glucose and methylglyoxal, in that their high chemical reactivity is confined to a limited set of cell types, including the dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons and their direct targets, which suffer from CA propensities for autoxidation yielding toxic quinones, and for Pictet-Spengler reactions with carbonyl-containing compounds, which yield mitochondrial toxins. The functions progressively compromised because of that include motor performance, cognition, reward-driven behaviors, emotional tuning, and the neuroendocrine control of reproduction. The phenotypic manifestations of the resulting disorders culminate in such conditions as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, hypertension, sarcopenia, and menopause. The reasons to suspect that CA play some special role in aging accumulated since early 1970-ies. Published reviews address the role of CA hazardousness in the development of specific aging-associated diseases. The present integrative review explores how the bizarre discrepancy between CA hazardousness and biological importance could have emerged in evolution, how much does the chemical reactivity of CA contribute to the senescent phenotype in mammals, and what can be done with it.
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22
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Du Y, Lee YB, Graves SM. Chronic methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration: Differential vulnerability of ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta dopamine neurons. Neuropharmacology 2021; 200:108817. [PMID: 34610287 PMCID: PMC8556701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (meth) increases monoamine oxidase (MAO)-dependent mitochondrial stress in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) axons; chronic administration produces SNc degeneration that is prevented by MAO inhibition suggesting that MAO-dependent axonal mitochondrial stress is a causal factor. To test whether meth similarly increases mitochondrial stress in ventral tegmental area (VTA) axons, we used a genetically encoded redox biosensor to assess mitochondrial stress ex vivo. Meth increased MAO-dependent mitochondrial stress in both SNc and VTA axons. However, despite having the same meth-induced stress as SNc neurons, VTA neurons were resistant to chronic meth-induced degeneration indicating that meth-induced MAO-dependent mitochondrial stress in axons was necessary but not sufficient for degeneration. To determine whether L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent stress differentiates SNc and VTA axons, as reported in the soma, the L-type Ca2+ channel activator Bay K8644 was used. Opening L-type Ca2+ channels increased axonal mitochondrial stress in SNc but not VTA axons. To first determine whether mitochondrial stress was necessary for SNc degeneration, mice were treated with the mitochondrial antioxidant mitoTEMPO. Chronic meth-induced SNc degeneration was prevented by mitoTEMPO thereby confirming the necessity of mitochondrial stress. Similar to results with the antioxidant, both MAO inhibition and L-type Ca2+ channel inhibition also prevented SNc degeneration. Taken together the presented data demonstrate that both MAO- and L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent mitochondrial stress is necessary for chronic meth-induced degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - You Bin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Steven M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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23
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The Positive Role and Mechanism of Herbal Medicine in Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9923331. [PMID: 34567415 PMCID: PMC8457986 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9923331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease, manifested by the progressive functional impairment of the midbrain nigral dopaminergic neurons. Due to the unclear underlying pathogenesis, disease-modifying drugs for PD remain elusive. In Asia, such as in China and India, herbal medicines have been used in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease for thousands of years, which recently attracted considerable attention because of the development of curative drugs for PD. In this review, we first summarized the pathogenic factors of PD including protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, ion accumulation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, and the related recent advances. Secondly, we summarized 32 Chinese herbal medicines (belonging to 24 genera, such as Acanthopanax, Alpinia, and Astragalus), 22 Chinese traditional herbal formulations, and 3 Indian herbal medicines, of which the ethanol/water extraction or main bioactive compounds have been extensively investigated on PD models both in vitro and in vivo. We elaborately provided pictures of the representative herbs and the structural formula of the bioactive components (such as leutheroside B and astragaloside IV) of the herbal medicines. Also, we specified the potential targets of the bioactive compounds or extractions of herbs in view of the signaling pathways such as PI3K, NF-κB, and AMPK which are implicated in oxidative and inflammatory stress in neurons. We consider that this knowledge of herbal medicines or their bioactive components can be favorable for the development of disease-modifying drugs for PD.
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24
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Carmichael K, Sullivan B, Lopez E, Sun L, Cai H. Diverse midbrain dopaminergic neuron subtypes and implications for complex clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease. AGEING AND NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES 2021; 1. [PMID: 34532720 PMCID: PMC8442626 DOI: 10.20517/and.2021.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the most common degenerative movement disorder, is clinically manifested with various motor and non-motor symptoms. Degeneration of midbrain substantia nigra pas compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons (DANs) is generally attributed to the motor syndrome. The underlying neuronal mechanisms of non-motor syndrome are largely unexplored. Besides SNc, midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) DANs also produce and release dopamine and modulate movement, reward, motivation, and memory. Degeneration of VTA DANs also occurs in postmortem brains of PD patients, implying an involvement of VTA DANs in PD-associated non-motor symptoms. However, it remains to be established that there is a distinct segregation of different SNc and VTA DAN subtypes in regulating different motor and non-motor functions, and that different DAN subpopulations are differentially affected by normal ageing or PD. Traditionally, the distinction among different DAN subtypes was mainly based on the location of cell bodies and axon terminals. With the recent advance of single cell RNA sequencing technology, DANs can be readily classified based on unique gene expression profiles. A combination of specific anatomic and molecular markers shows great promise to facilitate the identification of DAN subpopulations corresponding to different behavior modules under normal and disease conditions. In this review, we first summarize the recent progress in characterizing genetically, anatomically, and functionally diverse midbrain DAN subtypes. Then, we provide perspectives on how the preclinical research on the connectivity and functionality of DAN subpopulations improves our current understanding of cell-type and circuit specific mechanisms of the disease, which could be critically informative for designing new mechanistic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Carmichael
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,The Graduate Partnership Program of NIH and Brown University, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Breanna Sullivan
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elena Lopez
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lixin Sun
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenic Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Kim A, Lalonde K, Truesdell A, Gomes Welter P, Brocardo PS, Rosenstock TR, Gil-Mohapel J. New Avenues for the Treatment of Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168363. [PMID: 34445070 PMCID: PMC8394361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG expansion in the HD gene. The disease is characterized by neurodegeneration, particularly in the striatum and cortex. The first symptoms usually appear in mid-life and include cognitive deficits and motor disturbances that progress over time. Despite being a genetic disorder with a known cause, several mechanisms are thought to contribute to neurodegeneration in HD, and numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies have been conducted and are currently underway to test the efficacy of therapeutic approaches targeting some of these mechanisms with varying degrees of success. Although current clinical trials may lead to the identification or refinement of treatments that are likely to improve the quality of life of those living with HD, major efforts continue to be invested at the pre-clinical level, with numerous studies testing novel approaches that show promise as disease-modifying strategies. This review offers a detailed overview of the currently approved treatment options for HD and the clinical trials for this neurodegenerative disorder that are underway and concludes by discussing potential disease-modifying treatments that have shown promise in pre-clinical studies, including increasing neurotropic support, modulating autophagy, epigenetic and genetic manipulations, and the use of nanocarriers and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Kim
- Island Medical Program and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Kathryn Lalonde
- Island Medical Program and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Aaron Truesdell
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Priscilla Gomes Welter
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (P.G.W.); (P.S.B.)
| | - Patricia S. Brocardo
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil; (P.G.W.); (P.S.B.)
| | - Tatiana R. Rosenstock
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Science, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
- Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Island Medical Program and Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada; (A.K.); (K.L.)
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-250-472-4597; Fax: +1-250-472-5505
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Graves SM, Schwarzschild SE, Tai RA, Chen Y, Surmeier DJ. Mitochondrial oxidant stress mediates methamphetamine neurotoxicity in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 156:105409. [PMID: 34082123 PMCID: PMC8686177 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine abuse is associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, it was found that methamphetamine increases mitochondrial oxidant stress in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons by releasing vesicular dopamine (DA) and stimulating mitochondrially-anchored monoamine oxidase (MAO). As mitochondrial oxidant stress is widely thought to be a driver of SNc degeneration in PD, these observations provide a potential explanation for the epidemiological linkage. To test this hypothesis, mice were administered methamphetamine (5 mg/kg) for 28 consecutive days with or without pretreatment with an irreversible MAO inhibitor. Chronic methamphetamine administration resulted in the degeneration of SNc dopaminergic neurons and this insult was blocked by pretreatment with a MAO inhibitor - confirming the linkage between methamphetamine, MAO and SNc degeneration. To determine if shorter bouts of consumption were as damaging, mice were given methamphetamine for two weeks and then studied. Methamphetamine treatment elevated both axonal and somatic mitochondrial oxidant stress in SNc dopaminergic neurons, was associated with a modest but significant increase in firing frequency, and caused degeneration after drug cessation. While axonal stress was sensitive to MAO inhibition, somatic stress was sensitive to Cav1 Ca2+ channel inhibition. Inhibiting either MAO or Cav1 Ca2+ channels after methamphetamine treatment attenuated subsequent SNc degeneration. Our results not only establish a mechanistic link between methamphetamine abuse and PD, they point to pharmacological strategies that could lessen PD risk for patients with a methamphetamine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Sarah E Schwarzschild
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America
| | - Rex A Tai
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America.
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Dorszewska J, Kowalska M, Prendecki M, Piekut T, Kozłowska J, Kozubski W. Oxidative stress factors in Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1383-1391. [PMID: 33318422 PMCID: PMC8284265 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common cause of neurodegeneration. Over the last two decades, various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the etiology of PD. Among these is the oxidant-antioxidant theory, which asserts that local and systemic oxidative damage triggered by reactive oxygen species and other free radicals may promote dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Excessive reactive oxygen species formation, one of the underlying causes of pathology in the course of PD has been evidenced by various studies showing that oxidized macromolecules including lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids accumulate in brain tissues of PD patients. DNA oxidation may produce various lesions in the course of PD. Mutations incurred as a result of DNA oxidation may further enhance reactive oxygen species production in the brains of PD patients, exacerbating neuronal loss due to defects in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, antioxidant depletion, and exposure to toxic oxidized dopamine. The protein products of SNCA, PRKN, PINK1, DJ1, and LRRK2 genes are associated with disrupted oxidoreductive homeostasis in PD. SNCA is the first gene linked with familial PD and is currently known to be affected by six mutations correlated with the disorder: A53T, A30P, E46K, G51D, H50Q and A53E. PRKN encodes Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase which mediates the proteasome degradation of redundant and disordered proteins such as glycosylated α-synuclein. Over 100 mutations have been found among the 12 exons of PRKN. PINK1, a mitochondrial kinase highly expressed in the brain, may undergo loss of function mutations which constitute approximately 1-8% of early onset PD cases. More than 50 PD-promoting mutations have been found in PINK1. Mutations in DJ-1, a neuroprotective protein, are a rare cause of early onset PD and constitute only 1% of cases. Around 20 mutations have been found in DJ1 among PD patients thus far. Mutations in the LRRK2 gene are the most common known cause of familial autosomal dominant PD and sporadic PD. Treatment of PD patients, especially in the advanced stages of the disease, is very difficult. The first step in managing progressive PD is to optimize dopaminergic therapy by increasing the doses of dopamine agonists and L-dopa. The next step is the introduction of advanced therapies, such as deep brain stimulation. Genetic factors may influence the response to L-dopa and deep brain stimulation therapy and the regulation of oxidative stress. Consequently, research into minimally invasive surgical interventions, as well as therapies that target the underlying etiology of PD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Kowalska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Prendecki
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Thomas Piekut
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozłowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Limanaqi F, Busceti CL, Celli R, Biagioni F, Fornai F. Autophagy as a gateway for the effects of methamphetamine: From neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity to psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 204:102112. [PMID: 34171442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a major eukaryotic cell clearing machinery, autophagy grants cell proteostasis, which is key for neurotransmitter release, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal survival. In line with this, besides neuropathological events, autophagy dysfunctions are bound to synaptic alterations that occur in mental disorders, and early on, in neurodegenerative diseases. This is also the case of methamphetamine (METH) abuse, which leads to psychiatric disturbances and neurotoxicity. While consistently altering the autophagy machinery, METH produces behavioral and neurotoxic effects through molecular and biochemical events that can be recapitulated by autophagy blockade. These consist of altered physiological dopamine (DA) release, abnormal stimulation of DA and glutamate receptors, as well as oxidative, excitotoxic, and neuroinflammatory events. Recent molecular insights suggest that METH early impairs the autophagy machinery, though its functional significance remains to be investigated. Here we discuss evidence suggesting that alterations of DA transmission and autophagy are intermingled within a chain of events underlying behavioral alterations and neurodegenerative phenomena produced by METH. Understanding how METH alters the autophagy machinery is expected to provide novel insights into the neurobiology of METH addiction sharing some features with psychiatric disorders and parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126, Pisa, PI, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Celli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma, 55, 56126, Pisa, PI, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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Wengler K, Ashinoff BK, Pueraro E, Cassidy CM, Horga G, Rutherford BR. Association between neuromelanin-sensitive MRI signal and psychomotor slowing in late-life depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1233-1239. [PMID: 32919398 PMCID: PMC8134510 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Late-life depression (LLD) is a prevalent and disabling condition in older adults that is often accompanied by slowed processing and gait speed. These symptoms are related to impaired dopamine function and sometimes remedied by levodopa (L-DOPA). In this study, we recruited 33 older adults with LLD to determine the association between a proxy measure of dopamine function-neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI)-and baseline slowing measured by the Digit Symbol test and a gait speed paradigm. In secondary analyses, we also assessed the ability of NM-MRI to predict L-DOPA treatment response in a subset of these patients (N = 15) who received 3 weeks of L-DOPA. We scanned a further subset of these patients (N = 6) with NM-MRI at baseline and after treatment to preliminarily evaluate the effects of L-DOPA treatment on the NM-MRI signal. We found that lower baseline NM-MRI correlated with slower baseline gait speed (346 of 1807 substantia nigra-ventral tegmental area (SN-VTA) voxels, Pcorrected = 0.038), particularly in the more medial, anterior, and dorsal SN-VTA. Secondary analyses failed to show an association between baseline NM-MRI and treatment-related changes in gait speed, processing speed, or depression severity (all Pcorrected > 0.361); we however found preliminary evidence of increases in the NM-MRI signal 3 weeks post-treatment with L-DOPA compared to baseline (200 of 1807 SN-VTA voxels; Pcorrected = 0.046), although the small sample size of these preliminary analyses warrants caution in their interpretation and future replications. Overall, our findings indicate that NM-MRI is sensitive to variability in gait speed in patients with LLD, suggesting this non-invasive MRI measure may provide a promising marker for dopamine-related psychomotor slowing in geriatric neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Wengler
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon K Ashinoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena Pueraro
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clifford M Cassidy
- The University of Ottawa's Institute of Mental Health Research, affiliated with the Royal, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Guillermo Horga
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Bret R Rutherford
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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30
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Hypoxia, Acidification and Inflammation: Partners in Crime in Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis? IMMUNO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno1020006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Like in other neurodegenerative diseases, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are hallmarks of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Differentiating characteristics of PD include the central role of α-synuclein in the aggregation pathology, a distinct vulnerability of the striato-nigral system with the related motor symptoms, as well as specific mitochondrial deficits. Which molecular alterations cause neurodegeneration and drive PD pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we summarize evidence of the involvement of three interdependent factors in PD and suggest that their interplay is likely a trigger and/or aggravator of PD-related neurodegeneration: hypoxia, acidification and inflammation. We aim to integrate the existing knowledge on the well-established role of inflammation and immunity, the emerging interest in the contribution of hypoxic insults and the rather neglected effects of brain acidification in PD pathogenesis. Their tight association as an important aspect of the disease merits detailed investigation. Consequences of related injuries are discussed in the context of aging and the interaction of different brain cell types, in particular with regard to potential consequences on the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. A special focus is put on the identification of current knowledge gaps and we emphasize the importance of related insights from other research fields, such as cancer research and immunometabolism, for neurodegeneration research. The highlighted interplay of hypoxia, acidification and inflammation is likely also of relevance for other neurodegenerative diseases, despite disease-specific biochemical and metabolic alterations.
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31
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Ostadkarampour M, Putnins EE. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: A Review of Their Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Action. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:676239. [PMID: 33995107 PMCID: PMC8120032 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.676239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases are debilitating, affect patients' quality of life, and are a significant financial burden on health care. Inflammation is regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that are expressed by immune and non-immune cells, and their expression is highly controlled, both spatially and temporally. Their dysregulation is a hallmark of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Significant evidence supports that monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor drugs have anti-inflammatory effects. MAO inhibitors are principally prescribed for the management of a variety of central nervous system (CNS)-associated diseases such as depression, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's; however, they also have anti-inflammatory effects in the CNS and a variety of non-CNS tissues. To bolster support for their development as anti-inflammatories, it is critical to elucidate their mechanism(s) of action. MAO inhibitors decrease the generation of end products such as hydrogen peroxide, aldehyde, and ammonium. They also inhibit biogenic amine degradation, and this increases cellular and pericellular catecholamines in a variety of immune and some non-immune cells. This decrease in end product metabolites and increase in catecholamines can play a significant role in the anti-inflammatory effects of MAO inhibitors. This review examines MAO inhibitor effects on inflammation in a variety of in vitro and in vivo CNS and non-CNS disease models, as well as their anti-inflammatory mechanism(s) of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahyar Ostadkarampour
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Edward E Putnins
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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32
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Leitão R, Guerreiro C, Nunes RG, Gonçalves N, Galati G, Rosário M, Guedes LC, Ferreira JJ, Reimão S. Neuromelanin Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra in Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2021; 9:143-148. [PMID: 32065802 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-190388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder inducing motor, psychiatric changes and cognitive decline, characterized pathologically by striatal atrophy. Pathological changes in the extra-striatal structures, such as the substantia nigra (SN), and abnormalities in pre-synaptic striatal dopamine neurotransmission are also known to occur. Neuromelanin (NM)-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) is an innovative technique that was recently developed allowing the in vivo study of pathological changes in the dopaminergic neurons of the SN. OBJECTIVE To investigate the SN MR signal in HD patients. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study using a specific T1-weighted MR sequence to visualize NM. The areas and signal intensity contrast ratios of the T1 hyperintense SN regions were obtained using a semi-automatic segmentation method. RESULTS A total of 8 HD patients and 12 healthy subjects were evaluated. The SN area was markedly reduced in the HD group compared with the control group (p = 0.02), even after normalization of the SN area with the midbrain area and age correction (p = 0.01). There was a significant reduction in the intensity contrast ratio of the hyperintense SN areas to crus cerebri in HD patients comparing with controls (p = 0.04) after correction for age. CONCLUSIONS NM-sensitive MR techniques were used for the first time to study the SN in HD patients, showing loss of NM in this region, supporting the implication of dopaminergic neuronal changes in disease pathology. Future research needs to be conducted to evaluate the potential of SN area and intensity contrast as biomarkers for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Leitão
- ISR-Lisboa/LARSyS and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carla Guerreiro
- Neurological Imaging Department, Hospital de Santa Maria - CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita G Nunes
- ISR-Lisboa/LARSyS and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nilza Gonçalves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Giulia Galati
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Madalena Rosário
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria - CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leonor Correia Guedes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria - CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,CNS - Campus Neurológico Sénior, Torres Vedras, Portugal.,Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Reimão
- Neurological Imaging Department, Hospital de Santa Maria - CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal.,Imaging University Clinic, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Hor SL, Teoh SL, Lim WL. Plant Polyphenols as Neuroprotective Agents in Parkinson's Disease Targeting Oxidative Stress. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:458-476. [PMID: 31625473 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191017120505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the human midbrain. Various ongoing research studies are competing to understand the pathology of PD and elucidate the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. Current pharmacological treatments primarily focused on improving dopamine metabolism in PD patients, despite the side effects of long-term usage. In recent years, it is recognized that oxidative stress-mediated pathways lead to neurodegeneration in the brain, which is associated with the pathophysiology of PD. The importance of oxidative stress is often less emphasized when developing potential therapeutic approaches. Natural plant antioxidants have been shown to mediate the oxidative stress-induced effects in PD, which has gained considerable attention in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Yet, clinical trials on natural polyphenol compounds are limited, restricting the potential use of these compounds as an alternative treatment for PD. Therefore, this review provides an understanding of the oxidative stress-induced effects in PD by elucidating the underlying events contributing to oxidative stress and explore the potential use of polyphenols in improving the oxidative status in PD. Preclinical findings have supported the potential of polyphenols in providing neuroprotection against oxidative stress-induced toxicity in PD. However, limiting factors, such as safety and bioavailability of polyphenols, warrant further investigations so as to make them the potential target for clinical applications in the treatment and management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet Lee Hor
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Seong Lin Teoh
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
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Lee SH, Han YT, Cha DS. Neuroprotective effect of damaurone D in a C. elegans model of Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2021; 747:135623. [PMID: 33482307 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of damaurone D (DaD), a dihydropyranoaurone compound, on dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. The results showed that DaD treatment could successfully increase the survival rate of the worms under MPP+ exposure. Additionally, DaD protected against the MPP+-induced neurodegeneration in all eight DA neurons of the worms. Similarly, diminished DA neuronal damage was observed in the DaD-fed transgenic mutant overexpressing tyrosine hydroxylase. In addition, the corresponding behavioral impairment induced by MPP+ was strongly improved in the DaD treated worms, implying DaD has protective properties for DA neuronal function. Then, we further investigated the effect of DaD on α-synuclein aggregation, a key pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, DaD reduced the fluorescence signals of transgenic mutants that carried YFP-fused α-synuclein. A similar reduction in expressions of α-synuclein was observed by Western blot. Interestingly, our result from the dot-blot assay demonstrated that the formation of oligomers was significantly attenuated by the DaD treatment. Furthermore, DaD improved the abnormal fat storage and shortened lifespan of the animals with the same genetic background which supports the beneficial action of DaD on the α-synuclein-induced DA neurodegeneration. These results demonstrate that DaD could protect against both chemical- and genetic-induced DA neurodegeneration possibly through the modulation of oxidative stress, DA metabolism, and α-synuclein toxicity. Based on our present findings, we suggest that DaD might have a potential therapeutic role in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Lee
- Department of Food Engineering, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk, 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Taek Han
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Seok Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Jeonbuk, 55338, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Minakaki G, Krainc D, Burbulla LF. The Convergence of Alpha-Synuclein, Mitochondrial, and Lysosomal Pathways in Vulnerability of Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons in Parkinson's Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580634. [PMID: 33381501 PMCID: PMC7767856 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive bradykinesia, rigidity, resting tremor, and gait impairment, as well as a spectrum of non-motor symptoms including autonomic and cognitive dysfunction. The cardinal motor symptoms of PD stem from the loss of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons, and it remains unclear why SN DAergic neurons are preferentially lost in PD. However, recent identification of several genetic PD forms suggests that mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunctions play important roles in the degeneration of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons. In this review, we discuss the interplay of cell-autonomous mechanisms linked to DAergic neuron vulnerability and alpha-synuclein homeostasis. Emerging studies highlight a deleterious feedback cycle, with oxidative stress, altered DA metabolism, dysfunctional lysosomes, and pathological alpha-synuclein species representing key events in the pathogenesis of PD. We also discuss the interactions of alpha-synuclein with toxic DA metabolites, as well as the biochemical links between intracellular iron, calcium, and alpha-synuclein accumulation. We suggest that targeting multiple pathways, rather than individual processes, will be important for developing disease-modifying therapies. In this context, we focus on current translational efforts specifically targeting lysosomal function, as well as oxidative stress via calcium and iron modulation. These efforts could have therapeutic benefits for the broader population of sporadic PD and related synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Minakaki
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lena F Burbulla
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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36
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Fast and enhanced electrochemical sensing of dopamine at cost-effective poly(DL-phenylalanine) based graphite electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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37
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Kaur N, Chugh H, Sakharkar MK, Dhawan U, Chidambaram SB, Chandra R. Neuroinflammation Mechanisms and Phytotherapeutic Intervention: A Systematic Review. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3707-3731. [PMID: 33146995 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is indicated in the pathogenesis of several acute and chronic neurological disorders. Acute lesions in the brain parenchyma induce intense and highly complex neuroinflammatory reactions with similar mechanisms among various disease prototypes. Microglial cells in the CNS sense tissue damage and initiate inflammatory responses. The cellular and humoral constituents of the neuroinflammatory reaction to brain injury contribute significantly to secondary brain damage and neurodegeneration. Inflammatory cascades such as proinflammatory cytokines from invading leukocytes and direct cell-mediated cytotoxicity between lymphocytes and neurons are known to cause "collateral damage" in models of acute brain injury. In addition to degeneration and neuronal cell loss, there are secondary inflammatory mechanisms that modulate neuronal activity and affect neuroinflammation which can even be detected at the behavioral level. Hence, several of health conditions result from these pathogenetic conditions which are underlined by progressive neuronal function loss due to chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. In the first part of this Review, we discuss critical neuroinflammatory mediators and their pathways in detail. In the second part, we review the phytochemicals which are considered as potential therapeutic molecules for treating neurodegenerative diseases with an inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navrinder Kaur
- Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
| | - Heerak Chugh
- Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
| | - Meena K. Sakharkar
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Sasketchwan, Saskatoon S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Uma Dhawan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110075, India
| | - Saravana Babu Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), S.S. Nagar, Mysuru-570015, India
- Centre for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research JSS AHER, Mysuru-570015, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery and Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110007, India
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Cho SJ, Bae YJ, Kim JM, Kim D, Baik SH, Sunwoo L, Choi BS, Kim JH. Diagnostic performance of neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging for patients with Parkinson's disease and factor analysis for its heterogeneity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Radiol 2020; 31:1268-1280. [PMID: 32886201 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-020-07240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic performance of neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging discriminating between patients with Parkinson's disease and normal healthy controls and to identify factors causing heterogeneity influencing the diagnostic performance. METHODS A systematic literature search in the Ovid-MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed for studies reporting the relevant topic before February 17, 2020. The pooled sensitivity and specificity values with their 95% confidence intervals were calculated using bivariate random-effects modeling. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were also performed to determine factors influencing heterogeneity. RESULTS Twelve articles including 403 patients with Parkinson's disease and 298 control participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging showed a pooled sensitivity of 89% (95% confidence interval, 86-92%) and a pooled specificity of 83% (95% confidence interval, 76-88%). In the subgroup and meta-regression analysis, a disease duration longer than 5 and 10 years, comparisons using measured volumes instead of signal intensities, a slice thickness in terms of magnetic resonance imaging parameters of more than 2 mm, and semi-/automated segmentation methods instead of manual segmentation improved the diagnostic performance. CONCLUSION Neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging had a favorable diagnostic performance in discriminating patients with Parkinson's disease from healthy controls. To improve diagnostic accuracy, further investigations directly comparing these heterogeneity-affecting factors and optimizing these parameters are necessary. KEY POINTS • Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI favorably discriminates patients with Parkinson's disease from healthy controls. • Disease duration, parameters used for comparison, magnetic resonance imaging slice thickness, and segmentation methods affected heterogeneity across the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Cho
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82, Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Bae
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82, Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82, Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, 75, Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Baik
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82, Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Leonard Sunwoo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82, Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Se Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82, Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82, Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13620, Republic of Korea
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Kadnikov IA, Voronkov DN, Voronin MV, Seredenin SB. Analysis of Quinone Reductase 2 Implication in Mechanism of Antiparkinsonian Action of Afobazole. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Rea S, Della-Morte D, Pacifici F, Capuani B, Pastore D, Coppola A, Arriga R, Andreadi A, Donadel G, Di Daniele N, Bellia A, Lauro D. Insulin and Exendin-4 Reduced Mutated Huntingtin Accumulation in Neuronal Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:779. [PMID: 32547392 PMCID: PMC7270204 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are more prone to develop cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. A pathological association between an autosomal dominant neurological disorder caused by brain accumulation in mutated huntingtin (mHTT), known as Huntington disease (HD), and DM, has been reported. By using a diabetic mouse model, we previously suggested a central role of the metabolic pathways of HTT, further suggesting the relevance of this protein in the pathology of DM. Furthermore, it has also been reported that intranasal insulin (Ins) administration improved cognitive function in patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer disease, and that exendin-4 (Ex-4) enhanced lifespan and ameliorated glucose homeostasis in a mouse model of HD. Although antioxidant properties have been proposed, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still missing. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the intracellular pathways leading to neuroprotective effect of Ins and Ex-4 hypoglycemic drugs by using an in vitro model of HD, developed by differentiated dopaminergic neurons treated with the pro-oxidant neurotoxic compound 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ohda). Our results showed that 6-ohda increased mHTT expression and reduced HTT phosphorylation at Ser421, a post-translational modification, which protects against mHTT accumulation. Pre-treatment with Ins or Ex-4 reverted the harmful effect induced by 6-ohda by activating AKT1 and SGK1 kinases, and by reducing the phosphatase PP2B. AKT1 and SGK1 are crucial nodes on the Ins activation pathway and powerful antioxidants, while PP2B dephosphorylates HTT contributing to mHTT neurotoxic effect. In conclusion, present results highlight that Ins and Ex-4 may counteract the neurotoxic effect induced by mHTT, opening novel pharmacological therapeutic strategies against neurodegenerative disorders, with the main focus on HD, still considered an orphan illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rea
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, The Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Francesca Pacifici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Capuani
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Pastore
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Coppola
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Arriga
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Donadel
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Bellia
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Soares J, Costa VM, Gaspar H, Santos S, Bastos MDL, Carvalho F, Capela JP. Adverse outcome pathways induced by 3,4-dimethylmethcathinone and 4-methylmethcathinone in differentiated human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2481-2503. [PMID: 32382956 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02761-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cathinones (β-keto amphetamines), widely abused in recreational settings, have been shown similar or even worse toxicological profile than classical amphetamines. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of two β-keto amphetamines [3,4-dimethylmethcathinone (3,4-DMMC) and 4-methylmethcathinone (4-MMC)], was evaluated in differentiated dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells in comparison to methamphetamine (METH). MTT reduction and NR uptake assays revealed that both cathinones and METH induced cytotoxicity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Pre-treatment with trolox (antioxidant) partially prevented the cytotoxicity induced by all tested drugs, while N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC; antioxidant and glutathione precursor) and GBR 12909 (dopamine transporter inhibitor) partially prevented the cytotoxicity induced by cathinones, as evaluated by the MTT reduction assay. Unlike METH, cathinones induced oxidative stress evidenced by the increase on intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and also by the decrease of intracellular glutathione levels. Trolox prevented, partially but significantly, the ROS generation elicited by cathinones, while NAC inhibited it completely. All tested drugs induced mitochondrial dysfunction, since they led to mitochondrial membrane depolarization and to intracellular ATP depletion. Activation of caspase-3, indicative of apoptosis, was seen both for cathinones and METH, and confirmed by annexin V and propidium iodide positive staining. Autophagy was also activated by all drugs tested. Pre-incubation with bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of the vacuolar H+-ATPase, only protected against the cytotoxicity induced by METH, which indicates dissimilar toxicological pathways for the tested drugs. In conclusion, the mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress observed for the tested cathinones may be key factors for their neurotoxicity, but different outcome pathways seem to be involved in the adverse effects, when compared to METH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Soares
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vera Marisa Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Gaspar
- BioISI - Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Susana Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Capela
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- FP-ENAS (Fernando Pessoa Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit), CEBIMED (Biomedical Research Centre), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.
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Wengler K, He X, Abi-Dargham A, Horga G. Reproducibility assessment of neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging protocols for region-of-interest and voxelwise analyses. Neuroimage 2019; 208:116457. [PMID: 31841683 PMCID: PMC7118586 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromelanin-sensitive MRI (NM-MRI) provides a noninvasive measure of the content of neuromelanin (NM), a product of dopamine metabolism that accumulates with age in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra (SN). NM-MRI has been validated as a measure of both dopamine neuron loss, with applications in neurodegenerative disease, and dopamine function, with applications in psychiatric disease. Furthermore, a voxelwise-analysis approach has been validated to resolve substructures, such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA), within midbrain dopaminergic nuclei thought to have distinct anatomical targets and functional roles. NM-MRI is thus a promising tool that could have diverse research and clinical applications to noninvasively interrogate in vivo the dopamine system in neuropsychiatric illness. Although a test-retest reliability study by Langley et al. using the standard NM-MRI protocol recently reported high reliability, a systematic and comprehensive investigation of the performance of the method for various acquisition parameters and preprocessing methods has not been conducted. In particular, most previous studies used relatively thick MRI slices (~3 mm), compared to the typical in-plane resolution (~0.5 mm) and to the height of the SN (~15 mm), to overcome technical limitations such as specific absorption rate and signal-to-noise ratio, at the cost of partial-volume effects. Here, we evaluated the effect of various acquisition and preprocessing parameters on the strength and test-retest reliability of the NM-MRI signal to determine optimized protocols for both region-of-interest (including whole SN-VTA complex and atlas-defined dopaminergic nuclei) and voxelwise measures. Namely, we determined a combination of parameters that optimizes the strength and reliability of the NM-MRI signal, including acquisition time, slice-thickness, spatial-normalization software, and degree of spatial smoothing. Using a newly developed, detailed acquisition protocol, across two scans separated by 13 days on average, we obtained intra-class correlation values indicating excellent reliability and high contrast, which could be achieved with a different set of parameters depending on the measures of interest and experimental constraints such as acquisition time. Based on this, we provide detailed guidelines covering acquisition through analysis and recommendations for performing NM-MRI experiments with high quality and reproducibility. This work provides a foundation for the optimization and standardization of NM-MRI, a promising MRI approach with growing applications throughout clinical and basic neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Wengler
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Guillermo Horga
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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43
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Sousa L, Oliveira MM, Pessôa MTC, Barbosa LA. Iron overload: Effects on cellular biochemistry. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 504:180-189. [PMID: 31790701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for human life. However, it is a pro-oxidant agent capable of reacting with hydrogen peroxide. An iron overload can cause cellular changes, such as damage to the plasma membrane leading to cell death. Effects of iron overload in cellular biochemical processes include modulating membrane enzymes, such as the Na, K-ATPase, impairing the ionic transport and inducing irreversible damage to cellular homeostasis. To avoid such damage, cells have an antioxidant system that acts in an integrated manner to prevent oxidative stress. In addition, the cells contain proteins responsible for iron transport and storage, preventing its reaction with other substances during absorption. Moreover, iron is associated with cellular events coordinated by iron-responsive proteins (IRPs) that regulate several cellular functions, including a process of cell death called ferroptosis. This review will address the biochemical aspects of iron overload at the cellular level and its effects on important cellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilismara Sousa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina M Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio C Pessôa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Leandro A Barbosa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.
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44
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Zupan G, Šuput D, Pirtošek Z, Vovk A. Semi-Automatic Signature-Based Segmentation Method for Quantification of Neuromelanin in Substantia Nigra. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9120335. [PMID: 31766668 PMCID: PMC6956028 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9120335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD), there is a reduction of neuromelanin (NM) in the substantia nigra (SN). Manual quantification of the NM volume in the SN is unpractical and time-consuming; therefore, we aimed to quantify NM in the SN with a novel semi-automatic segmentation method. Twenty patients with PD and twelve healthy subjects (HC) were included in this study. T1-weighted spectral pre-saturation with inversion recovery (SPIR) images were acquired on a 3T scanner. Manual and semi-automatic atlas-free local statistics signature-based segmentations measured the surface and volume of SN, respectively. Midbrain volume (MV) was calculated to normalize the data. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of both methods. PD patients had significantly lower SN mean surface (37.7 ± 8.0 vs. 56.9 ± 6.6 mm2) and volume (235.1 ± 45.4 vs. 382.9 ± 100.5 mm3) than HC. After normalization with MV, the difference remained significant. For surface, sensitivity and specificity were 91.7 and 95 percent, respectively. For volume, sensitivity and specificity were 91.7 and 90 percent, respectively. Manual and semi-automatic segmentation methods of the SN reliably distinguished between PD patients and HC. ROC analysis shows the high sensitivity and specificity of both methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gašper Zupan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (G.Z.); (Z.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Dušan Šuput
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (G.Z.); (Z.P.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-543-7821
| | - Zvezdan Pirtošek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (G.Z.); (Z.P.); (A.V.)
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Zaloška 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Vovk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (G.Z.); (Z.P.); (A.V.)
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Badillo-Ramírez I, Saniger JM, Rivas-Arancibia S. 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine, a neurotoxic endogenous metabolite of dopamine: Implications for Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2019; 129:104514. [PMID: 31369776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide and is characterized for being an idiopathic and multifactorial disease. Extensive research has been conducted to explain the origin of the disease, but it still remains elusive. It is well known that dopamine oxidation, through the endogenous formation of toxic metabolites, is a key process in the activation of a cascade of molecular events that leads to cellular death in the hallmark of PD. Thio-catecholamines, such as 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine, 5-S-glutathionyl-dopamine and derived benzothiazines, are endogenous metabolites formed in the dopamine oxidative degradation pathway. Those metabolites have been shown to be highly toxic to neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, activating molecular mechanisms that ultimately lead to neuronal death. In this review we describe the origin, formation and the toxic effects of 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine and its oxidative derivatives that cause death to dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, we correlate the formation of those metabolites with the neurodegeneration progress in PD. In addition, we present the reported neuroprotective strategies of products that protect against the cellular damage of those thio-catecholamines. Finally, we discuss the advantages in the use of 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine as a potential biomarker for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Badillo-Ramírez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito externo S/N, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito externo S/N, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José M Saniger
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito externo S/N, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Selva Rivas-Arancibia
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito externo S/N, Cd. Universitaria, 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Burbulla LF, Krainc D. The role of dopamine in the pathogenesis of GBA1-linked Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104545. [PMID: 31351996 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying differential vulnerability of substantia nigra dopamine neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains limited, and previous therapeutic efforts targeting rodent nigral neurons have not been successfully translated to humans. However, recent emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell technology has highlighted some fundamental differences between human and rodent midbrain dopamine neurons that may at least in part explain relative resistance of rodent neurons to degeneration in genetic models of PD. Using GBA1-linked PD as an example, we discuss cellular pathways that may predispose human neurons to degeneration in PD, including mitochondrial oxidant stress, elevated intracellular calcium, altered synaptic vesicle endocytosis, accumulation of oxidized dopamine and neuromelanin. Recent studies have suggested that a combination of mitochondrial oxidant stress and accumulation of oxidized dopamine contribute to dysfunction of nigral neurons in various genetic and sporadic forms of PD. We also briefly summarize the development of targeted therapies for GBA1-associated synucleinopathies and highlight that modulation of wild-type GCase activity serves as an important target for the treatment of genetic and idiopathic forms of PD and dementia with Lewy bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena F Burbulla
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Wakamatsu K, Nakao K, Tanaka H, Kitahori Y, Tanaka Y, Ojika M, Ito S. The Oxidative Pathway to Dopamine-Protein Conjugates and Their Pro-Oxidant Activities: Implications for the Neurodegeneration of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102575. [PMID: 31130632 PMCID: PMC6567298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromelanin (NM) is a dark brown pigment found in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) and in norepinephrinergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC). Although NM is thought to be involved in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) because its content decreases in neurodegenerative diseases such as PD, details are still unknown. In this study, we characterized the biosynthetic pathway of the oxidation of dopamine (DA) by tyrosinase in the presence of thiol peptides and proteins using spectroscopic and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods and we assessed the binding of DA via cysteine residues in proteins by oxidation catalyzed by redox-active metal ions. To examine whether the protein-bound DA conjugates exhibit pro-oxidant activities, we measured the depletion of glutathione (GSH) with the concomitant production of hydrogen peroxide. The results suggest that the fate of protein-bound DA conjugates depends on the structural features of the proteins and that DA-protein conjugates produced in the brain possess pro-oxidant activities, which may cause neurodegeneration due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the depletion of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Kenta Nakao
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Hitomi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Yuki Kitahori
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Yui Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Makoto Ojika
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Shosuke Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
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48
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Bruning JM, Wang Y, Oltrabella F, Tian B, Kholodar SA, Liu H, Bhattacharya P, Guo S, Holton JM, Fletterick RJ, Jacobson MP, England PM. Covalent Modification and Regulation of the Nuclear Receptor Nurr1 by a Dopamine Metabolite. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:674-685.e6. [PMID: 30853418 PMCID: PMC7185887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nurr1, a nuclear receptor essential for the development, maintenance, and survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, is a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease, a neurological disorder characterized by the degeneration of these same neurons. Efforts to identify Nurr1 agonists have been hampered by the recognition that it lacks several classic regulatory elements of nuclear receptor function, including the canonical ligand-binding pocket. Here we report that the dopamine metabolite 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) binds directly to and modulates the activity of Nurr1. Using biophysical assays and X-ray crystallography, we show that DHI binds to the ligand-binding domain within a non-canonical pocket, forming a covalent adduct with Cys566. In cultured cells and zebrafish, DHI stimulates Nurr1 activity, including the transcription of target genes underlying dopamine homeostasis. These findings suggest avenues for developing synthetic Nurr1 ligands to ameliorate the symptoms and progression of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Bruning
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Francesca Oltrabella
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Boxue Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Svetlana A Kholodar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Harrison Liu
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Paulomi Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Su Guo
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - James M Holton
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Robert J Fletterick
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Pamela M England
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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49
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Kuskur CM, Swamy BK, Shivakumar K, Jayadevappa H, Sharma S. Poly (sunset yellow) sensor for dopamine: A voltammetric study. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Mingazov ER, Ugryumov MV. Molecular Markers of Dopamine Transport in Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons as an Index of Neurodegeneration and Neuroplasticity. NEUROCHEM J+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s181971241901015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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