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Rong J, Han J, Zhou Y, Wang L, Li C, Wang Y. Process Integration of Production, Purification, and Immobilization of β-Glucosidase by Constructing Glu-linker-ELP-GB System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Rong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Juan Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
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2
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Li Y, Guan L, Liu X, Liu W, Yang J, Zhang X, Wang F, Guo Y, Li H, Li X. Oral immunization with rotavirus VP7-CTB fusion expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana induces antigen-specific IgA and IgG and passive protection in mice. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4866-4874. [PMID: 29805507 PMCID: PMC5952079 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human rotavirus (HRV) is the primary cause of severe gastroenteritis in children. However, there is currently no protective virus for rotavirus available. In the present study, an HRVVP7-cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) fusion protein was expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. To determine the adjuvant effect of HRVVP7-CTB, HRVVP7 without CTB was expressed in the same manner. HRVVP7-CTB accounted for 0.39% of the total soluble protein (TSP) in the transgenic seeds and 52.65 µg/g of HRVVP7 protein was expressed in these seeds. Mice were immunized with TSP from the transformed seeds and produced serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA specifically directed against HRVVP7. Antibody titers were highest in mice orally immunized with the plant-expressed HRVVP7-CTB protein, whereas HRVVP7-CTB-specific IgG neutralized the rotavirus. Suckling pups born from dams immunized with the HRVVP7-CTB fusion protein were protected against challenge with virulent rotavirus. The results of the present study suggest that the HRVVP7-CTB fusion protein produced in A. thaliana may be a rotaviral-specific candidate subunit vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Li
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology College, Jilin 132101, P.R. China
| | - Lili Guan
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Xiuming Liu
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Weican Liu
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Fawei Wang
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Yongxin Guo
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, P.R. China.,College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
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3
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Kim SJ, Kwak HH, Cho SY, Sohn YB, Park SW, Huh R, Kim J, Ko AR, Jin DK. Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Efficacy of a Novel Long-Acting Human Growth Hormone: Fc Fusion Protein. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3759-65. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Kim
- Department
of Pediatrics, Myongji Hospital, Seonam University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Kwak
- Biopharmaceutical
Research Laboratoy, Dong-A Socio Holdings Research Institute, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yoon Cho
- Department
of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bae Sohn
- Department
of Medical Genetics, Ajou University Hospital, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Park
- Department
of Pediatrics, Jeil Hospital, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rimm Huh
- Department
of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsup Kim
- Department
of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-ra Ko
- Clinical
Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Jin
- Department
of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Georgiev IS, Joyce MG, Yang Y, Sastry M, Zhang B, Baxa U, Chen RE, Druz A, Lees CR, Narpala S, Schön A, Van Galen J, Chuang GY, Gorman J, Harned A, Pancera M, Stewart-Jones GBE, Cheng C, Freire E, McDermott AB, Mascola JR, Kwong PD. Single-Chain Soluble BG505.SOSIP gp140 Trimers as Structural and Antigenic Mimics of Mature Closed HIV-1 Env. J Virol 2015; 89:5318-29. [PMID: 25740988 PMCID: PMC4442528 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03451-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Similar to other type I fusion machines, the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) requires proteolytic activation; specifically, cleavage of a gp160 precursor into gp120 and gp41 subunits creates an N-terminal gp41 fusion peptide and permits folding from an immature uncleaved state to a mature closed state. While the atomic-level consequences of cleavage for HIV-1 Env are still being determined, the uncleaved state is antigenically distinct from the mature closed state, and cleavage has been reported to be essential for mimicry of the mature viral spike by soluble versions of Env. Here we report the redesign of a current state-of-the-art soluble Env mimic, BG505.SOSIP, to make it cleavage independent. Specifically, we replaced the furin cleavage site between gp120 and gp41 with Gly-Ser linkers of various lengths. The resultant linked gp120-gp41 constructs, termed single-chain gp140 (sc-gp140), exhibited different levels of structural and antigenic mimicry of the parent cleaved BG505.SOSIP. When constructs were subjected to negative selection to remove subspecies recognized by poorly neutralizing antibodies, trimers of high antigenic mimicry of BG505.SOSIP could be obtained; negative-stain electron microscopy indicated these to resemble the mature closed state. Higher proportions of BG505.SOSIP-trimer mimicry were observed in sc-gp140s with linkers of 6 or more residues, with a linker length of 15 residues exhibiting especially promising traits. Overall, flexible linkages between gp120 and gp41 in BG505.SOSIP can thus substitute for cleavage, and sc-gp140s that closely mimicked the vaccine-preferred mature closed state of Env could be obtained. IMPORTANCE The trimeric HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the sole target of virus-directed neutralizing antibody responses and a primary focus of vaccine design. Soluble mimics of Env have proven challenging to obtain and have been thought to require proteolytic cleavage into two-component subunits, gp120 and gp41, to achieve structural and antigenic mimicry of mature Env spikes on virions. Here we show that replacement of the cleavage site between gp120 and gp41 in a lead soluble gp140 construct, BG505.SOSIP, with flexible linkers can result in molecules that do not require cleavage to fold efficiently into the mature closed state. Our results provide insights into the impact of cleavage on HIV-1 Env folding. In some contexts such as genetic immunization, optimized cleavage-independent soluble gp140 constructs may have utility over the parental BG505.SOSIP, as they would not require furin cleavage to achieve mimicry of mature Env spikes on virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivelin S Georgiev
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M Gordon Joyce
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yongping Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mallika Sastry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Baoshan Zhang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ulrich Baxa
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Rita E Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aliaksandr Druz
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher R Lees
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandeep Narpala
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Arne Schön
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph Van Galen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gwo-Yu Chuang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason Gorman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam Harned
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Marie Pancera
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Guillaume B E Stewart-Jones
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ernesto Freire
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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5
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Flores MV, Hickling TP, Sreckovic S, Fidock MD, Horscroft N, Katragadda M, Savic B, Rawal J, Delpuech-Adams OE, Robas N, Corey T, Nelms L, Lawton M, Marcek J, Stubbs M, Westby M, Ciaramella G. Preclinical studies of PF-04849285, an interferon-α8 fusion protein for the treatment of HCV. Antivir Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.3851/imp2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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6
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Flores MV, Hickling TP, Sreckovic S, Fidock MD, Horscroft N, Katragadda M, Savic B, Rawal J, Delpuech-Adams OE, Robas N, Corey T, Nelms L, Lawton M, Marcek J, Stubbs M, Westby M, Ciaramella G. Preclinical studies of PF-04849285, an interferon-α8 fusion protein for the treatment of HCV. Antivir Ther 2012; 17:869-81. [DOI: 10.3851/imp2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Garnacho C, Serrano D, Muro S. A fibrinogen-derived peptide provides intercellular adhesion molecule-1-specific targeting and intraendothelial transport of polymer nanocarriers in human cell cultures and mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 340:638-47. [PMID: 22160267 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.185579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed on activated endothelium and many other cells, represents a suitable target for delivery of drug nanocarriers (NCs) to disease areas. Numerous works have shown efficient targeting and intracellular transport of ICAM-1-targeted NCs, rendering significant therapeutic potential. This is the case for enzyme delivery for treatment of multitissue lysosomal storage disorders. However, those studies used formulations targeted to ICAM-1 by antibodies (anti-ICAM NCs). This poses an obstacle to preclinical evaluation of long-term treatment of such chronic maladies, caused by immunogenicity of foreign proteins administered to animals, compelling development of alternative strategies. In this work, we used radioisotope tracing, fluorescence and electron microscopy, and in vitro, cell cultures, and mouse models to evaluate polymer nanocarriers targeted to ICAM-1 by a 17-mer linear peptide derived from the ICAM-1-binding sequence of fibrinogen (γ3). Our results show that γ3 NCs target ICAM-1 with efficiency and specificity similar to that of anti-ICAM NCs, determined by using immobilized ICAM-1, native ICAM-1 expressed on endothelial cell cultures, and intravenous administration in mice. Furthermore, γ3 NCs are internalized by cells in culture and in vivo and transported to lysosomes via cell adhesion molecule-mediated endocytosis, without apparent disruption of cell junctions, similar to anti-ICAM counterparts. The degree of conservation of fibrinogen γ3 sequence and its cognate site on ICAM-1 among species (e.g., mouse, chimpanzee, and humans) reflects the interspecies targeting found for γ3 NCs, providing an avenue for exploring the translation of ICAM-1-targeting platforms in the preclinical and, perhaps, future clinical realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Garnacho
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-4450, USA
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8
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Koti M, Nagy E, Kaushik AK. A single point mutation in framework region 3 of heavy chain affects viral neutralization dynamics of single-chain Fv against bovine herpes virus type 1. Vaccine 2011; 29:7905-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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de Virgilio M, Lombardi A, Caliandro R, Fabbrini MS. Ribosome-inactivating proteins: from plant defense to tumor attack. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:2699-737. [PMID: 22069572 PMCID: PMC3153179 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are EC3.2.32.22 N-glycosidases that recognize a universally conserved stem-loop structure in 23S/25S/28S rRNA, depurinating a single adenine (A4324 in rat) and irreversibly blocking protein translation, leading finally to cell death of intoxicated mammalian cells. Ricin, the plant RIP prototype that comprises a catalytic A subunit linked to a galactose-binding lectin B subunit to allow cell surface binding and toxin entry in most mammalian cells, shows a potency in the picomolar range. The most promising way to exploit plant RIPs as weapons against cancer cells is either by designing molecules in which the toxic domains are linked to selective tumor targeting domains or directly delivered as suicide genes for cancer gene therapy. Here, we will provide a comprehensive picture of plant RIPs and discuss successful designs and features of chimeric molecules having therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessio Lombardi
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy;
| | - Rocco Caliandro
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Bari, Italy;
| | - Maria Serena Fabbrini
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy;
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10
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Immunogenicity, toxicology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of growth hormone ligand-receptor fusions. Clin Sci (Lond) 2010; 119:483-91. [PMID: 20597861 DOI: 10.1042/cs20100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental concern for all new biological therapeutics is the possibility of inducing an immune response. We have recently demonstrated that an LR-fusion (ligand-receptor fusion) of growth hormone generates a potent long-acting agonist; however, the immunogenicity and toxicity of these molecules have not been tested. To address these issues, we have designed molecules with low potential as immunogens and undertaken immunogenicity and toxicology studies in Macaca fascicularis and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in rats. Two variants of the LR-fusion, one with a flexible linker (GH-LRv2) and the other without (GH-LRv3), were tested. Comparison was made with native human GH (growth hormone). GH-LRv2 and GH-LRv3 demonstrated similar pharmacokinetics in rats, showing reduced clearance compared with native GH and potent agonist activity with respect to body weight gain in a hypophysectomized rat model. In M. fascicularis, a low level of antibodies to GH-LRv2 was found in one sample, but there was no other evidence of any immunogenic response to the other fusion protein. There were no toxic effects and specifically no changes in histology at injection sites after two repeated administrations. The pharmacokinetic profiles in monkeys confirmed long half-lives for both GH-LRv2 and GH-LRv3 representing exceptionally delayed clearance over rhGH (recombinant human GH). The results suggest that repeated administration of a GH LR-fusion is safe, non-toxic, and the pharmacokinetic profile suggests that two to three weekly administrations is a potential therapeutic regimen for humans.
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11
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Cironi P, Swinburne IA, Silver PA. Enhancement of cell type specificity by quantitative modulation of a chimeric ligand. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:8469-76. [PMID: 18230610 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m708502200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution modulates the quantitative characteristics of protein interactions and often uses combinations of weak interactions to achieve a particular specificity. We addressed how quantitative optimization might be used in the design of multidomain proteins, using a chimera containing epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a cell targeting element and interferon-alpha-2a (IFNalpha-2a) to initiate signal transduction. We first connected EGF and IFNalpha-2a via a linker that allows both ligands to bind to their receptors on a cell surface and then incorporated a series of mutations into the IFNalpha-2a portion that progressively decrease both the on rate and the dissociation constant of the IFNalpha-2a-IFNalpha receptor 2 (IFNAR2) interaction. Using this strategy, we designed chimeric proteins in which the activation of the IFNalpha receptor in HeLa, A431, and engineered Daudi cells depends on the presence of EGF receptor on the same cell. The mutant chimeric proteins also inhibited proliferation of IFNalpha-sensitive cells in an EGF receptor-dependent manner. These results provide insights into the quantitative requirements for specific binding to multisubunit receptors and illustrate the value of a quantitative approach in the design of synthetic-biological constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Cironi
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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12
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Wilkinson IR, Ferrandis E, Artymiuk PJ, Teillot M, Soulard C, Touvay C, Pradhananga SL, Justice S, Wu Z, Leung KC, Strasburger CJ, Sayers JR, Ross RJ. A ligand-receptor fusion of growth hormone forms a dimer and is a potent long-acting agonist. Nat Med 2007; 13:1108-13. [PMID: 17721547 DOI: 10.1038/nm1610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/25/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytokine hormones have a short plasma half-life and require frequent administration. For example, growth hormone replacement involves daily injections. In common with other cytokines, the extracellular domain of the growth hormone receptor circulates as a binding protein, which naturally prolongs the biological half-life of growth hormone. Here we have studied the biological actions of a ligand-receptor fusion of growth hormone and the extracellular domain of its receptor. The genetically engineered ligand-receptor fusion protein was purified from mammalian cell culture. In rats, the ligand-receptor fusion had a 300-times reduced clearance as compared to native growth hormone, and a single injection promoted growth for 10 d, far exceeding the growth seen after administration of native growth hormone. The ligand-receptor fusion forms a reciprocal, head-to-tail dimer that provides a reservoir of inactive hormone similar to the natural reservoir of growth hormone and its binding protein. In conclusion, a ligand-receptor fusion of cytokine to its extracellular receptor generates a potent, long-acting agonist with exceptionally slow absorption and elimination. This approach could be easily applied to other cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R Wilkinson
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
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13
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Bai Y, Shen WC. Improving the Oral Efficacy of Recombinant Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Transferrin Fusion Protein by Spacer Optimization. Pharm Res 2006; 23:2116-21. [PMID: 16952003 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-006-9059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/08/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve the oral efficacy of the recombinant fusion protein containing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and transferrin (Tf) by inserting a linker between the two protein domains. MATERIALS AND METHODS Oligonucleotides encoding flexible and helix-forming peptides were inserted to the recombinant plasmids. The fusion protein without linker insertion was used for comparison. The G-CSF cell-proliferation and Tf receptor-binding activities of the fusion proteins were tested in NFS-60 cells and Caco-2 cells, respectively, and in vivo myelopoietic assay with both subcutaneous and oral administration was performed in BDF1 mice. RESULTS All fusion proteins produced from transfected HEK293 cells were positive in Western-blotting assay with anti-G-CSF and anti-Tf antibodies. Among them, the fusion protein with a long helical (H4-2) linker showed the highest activity in NFS-60 cell proliferation assay, with an EC50 about ten-fold lower than that of the non-linker fusion protein. The fusion protein with H4-2 linker also showed a significantly higher myelopoietic effect when administered either subcutaneously or orally in BDF1 mice. CONCLUSION The insertion of a linker peptide, such as the helix linker H4-2, between G-CSF and Tf domains in the recombinant fusion protein can improve significantly both in vitro and in vivo myelopoietic activity over the non-linker fusion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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14
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Honegger A, Plückthun A. The influence of the buried glutamine or glutamate residue in position 6 on the structure of immunoglobulin variable domains. J Mol Biol 2001; 309:687-99. [PMID: 11397089 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin V(H) domain frameworks can be grouped into four distinct types, depending on the main-chain conformation of framework 1. Based on the analysis of over 200 X-ray structures representing more than 100 non-redundant V(H) domain sequences, we have come to the conclusion that the marked structural variability of the V(H) framework 1 region is caused by three residues: the buried side-chain of H6, which can be either a glutamate or a glutamine residue, the residue in position H7, which may be proline only if H6 is glutamine, and by H9 (H10 according to a new consensus nomenclature), which has to be either glycine or proline if H6 is a glutamate residue. In natural antibodies, these three residues are encoded in combinations that are compatible with each other and with the rest of the structure and therefore will yield functional molecules. However, the degenerate primer mixtures commonly used for PCR cloning of antibody fragments can and frequently do introduce out-of-context mutations to combinations that can lead to severe reduction of stability, production yield and antigen affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Honegger
- Biochemisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, CH-8057, Switzerland
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15
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Honegger A, Plückthun A. Yet another numbering scheme for immunoglobulin variable domains: an automatic modeling and analysis tool. J Mol Biol 2001; 309:657-70. [PMID: 11397087 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.2001.4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A common residue numbering scheme for all immunoglobulin variable domains (immunoglobulin light chain lambda (V(lambda)) and kappa (V(kappa)) variable domains, heavy chain variable domains (V(H)) and T-cell receptor alpha (V(alpha)), beta (V(beta)), gamma (V(gamma)) and delta (V(delta)) variable domains) has been devised. Based on the spatial alignment of known three-dimensional structures of immunoglobulin domains, it places the alignment gaps in a way that minimizes the average deviation from the averaged structure of the aligned domains. This residue numbering scheme was applied to the immunoglobulin variable domain structures in the PDB database to automate the extraction of information on structural variations in homologous positions of the different molecules. A number of methods are presented that allow the automated projection of information derived from individual structures or from the comparison of multi-structure alignments onto a graphical representation of the sequence alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Honegger
- Biochemisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich, CH-8057, Switzerland.
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16
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An Fv catalytic antibody with high glutathione peroxidase activity. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4931(99)00095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Berdichevsky Y, Lamed R, Frenkel D, Gophna U, Bayer EA, Yaron S, Shoham Y, Benhar I. Matrix-assisted refolding of single-chain Fv- cellulose binding domain fusion proteins. Protein Expr Purif 1999; 17:249-59. [PMID: 10545273 DOI: 10.1006/prep.1999.1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe a method for the isolation of recombinant single-chain antibodies in a biologically active form. The single-chain antibodies are fused to a cellulose binding domain as a single-chain protein that accumulates as insoluble inclusion bodies upon expression in Escherichia coli. The inclusion bodies are then solubilized and denatured by an appropriate chaotropic solvent, then reversibly immobilized onto a cellulose matrix via specific interaction of the matrix with the cellulose binding domain (CBD) moiety. The efficient immobilization that minimizes the contact between folding protein molecules, thus preventing their aggregation, is facilitated by the robustness of the Clostridium thermocellum CBD we use. This CBD is unique in retaining its specific cellulose binding capability when solubilized in up to 6 M urea, while the proteins fused to it are fully denatured. Refolding of the fusion proteins is induced by reducing with time the concentration of the denaturing solvent while in contact with the cellulose matrix. The refolded single-chain antibodies in their native state are then recovered by releasing them from the cellulose matrix in high yield of 60% or better, which is threefold or higher than the yield obtained by using published refolding protocols to recover the same scFvs. The described method should have general applicability for the production of many protein-CBD fusions in which the fusion partner is insoluble upon expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Berdichevsky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978, Israel
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Keck PC, Huston JS. Symmetry of Fv architecture is conducive to grafting a second antibody binding site in the Fv region. Biophys J 1996; 71:2002-11. [PMID: 8889174 PMCID: PMC1233666 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(96)79398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular modeling studies on antibody Fv regions have been pursued to design a second antigen-binding site (chi-site) in a chimeric single-chain Fv (chi sFv) species of about 30 kDa. This analysis has uncovered an architectural basis common to many Fv regions that permits grafting a chi-site onto the Fv surface that diametrically opposes the normal combining site. By using molecular graphics analysis, chimeric complementarity-determining regions (chi CDRs) were defined that comprised most of the CDRs from an antibody binding site of interest. The chain directionality of chi CDRs was consistent with that of specific bottom loops of the sFv, which allowed for grafting of chi CDRs with an overall geometry approximating CDRs in the parent combining site. Analysis of 10 different Fv crystal structures indicates that the positions for inserting chi CDRs are very highly conserved, as are the corresponding chi CDR boundaries in the parent binding site. The results of this investigation suggest that it should be possible to generally apply this approach to the development of chimeric bispecific antibody binding site (chi BABS) proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Keck
- Creative BioMolecules, Hopkinton, Massachusetts 01748, USA
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