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Chasovskikh NY, Bobrysheva AA, Chizhik EE. Computer modeling of the peculiarities in the interaction of IL-1 with its receptors in schizophrenia. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2024; 28:332-341. [PMID: 38988763 PMCID: PMC11233830 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-24-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the primary theories regarding the development of schizophrenia revolves around genetics, indicating the involvement of hereditary factors in various processes, including inflammation. Research has demonstrated that inflammatory reactions occurring in microglia can impact the progression of the disease. It has also been established that genetically determined changes in IL-1 can contribute to schizophrenia, thereby confirming the role of the IL-1 gene cluster in disease susceptibility. The aim of this study is a computer-based assessment of the structural interactions of IL-1 proteins with their receptors in schizophrenia. The study utilized the DisGeNET database, enabling the assessment of the reliability of identified IL-1 polymorphisms. Polymorphisms were also sought using NCBI PubMed. The NCBI Protein service was employed to search for and analyze the position of the identified polymorphisms on the chromosome. Structures for modeling were extracted from the Protein Data Bank database. Protein modeling was conducted using the SWISS-MODEL server, and protein interaction modeling was performed using PRISM. Notably, this study represents the first prediction of the interactions of IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL- 1RA proteins, taking into account the presence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with schizophrenia in the sequence of the corresponding genes. The results indicate that the presence of SNP rs315952 in the IL-1RA protein gene, associated with schizophrenia, may lead to a weakening of the IL-1RA binding to receptors, potentially triggering the initiation of the IL-1 signaling pathway by disrupting or weakening the IL-1RA binding to receptors and facilitating the binding of IL-1 to them. Such alterations could potentially lead to a change in the immune response. The data obtained contribute theoretically to the development of ideas about the molecular mechanisms through which hereditary factors in schizophrenia influence the interactions of proteins of the IL-1 family, which play an important role in the processes of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Yu Chasovskikh
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A A Bobrysheva
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
| | - E E Chizhik
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
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2
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Mikhalitskaya EV, Vyalova NM, Ermakov EA, Levchuk LA, Simutkin GG, Bokhan NA, Ivanova SA. Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Cytokine Genes with Depression, Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1460. [PMID: 37510364 PMCID: PMC10379485 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune gene variants are known to be associated with the risk of psychiatric disorders, their clinical manifestations, and their response to therapy. This narrative review summarizes the current literature over the past decade on the association of polymorphic variants of cytokine genes with risk, severity, and response to treatment for severe mental disorders such as bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. A search of literature in databases was carried out using keywords related to depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, inflammation, and cytokines. Gene lists were extracted from publications to identify common genes and pathways for these mental disorders. Associations between polymorphic variants of the IL1B, IL6, and TNFA genes were the most replicated and relevant in depression. Polymorphic variants of the IL1B, IL6, IL6R, IL10, IL17A, and TNFA genes have been associated with schizophrenia. Bipolar disorder has mainly been associated with polymorphic variants of the IL1B gene. Interestingly, the IL6R gene polymorphism (rs2228145) was associated with all three diseases. Some cytokine genes have also been associated with clinical presentation and response to pharmacotherapy. There is also evidence that some specific polymorphic variants may affect the expression of cytokine genes. Thus, the data from this review indicate a link between neuroinflammation and severe mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V Mikhalitskaya
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Natalya M Vyalova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Ermakov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Lyudmila A Levchuk
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - German G Simutkin
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Bokhan
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Ivanova
- Mental Health Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 634014 Tomsk, Russia
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Giffin KA, Lovelock DF, Besheer J. Toll-like receptor 3 neuroimmune signaling and behavior change: A strain comparison between Lewis and Wistar rats. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114200. [PMID: 36334783 PMCID: PMC10123804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There are many unanswered questions about the interaction between the immune system and behavior change, including the contributions of individual differences. The present study modeled individual differences in the immune system by comparing inbred Lewis rats, which have dysregulated stress and immune systems, to their genetically diverse parent strain, Wistar rats. The objective was to examine the consequences of an immune challenge on behavior and neuroimmune signaling in both strains. Peripheral administration of the toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist and viral memetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) induced behavior changes in both strains, reducing locomotor activity and increasing avoidance behavior (time on the dark side of the light-dark box). Furthermore, poly(I:C) induced hyperarousal and increased avoidance behavior more in female Lewis than female Wistar rats. Baseline strain differences were also observed: Lewis rats had higher avoidance behavior and lower startle response than Wistars. Lewis rats also had lower levels of peripheral inflammation, as measured by spleen weight. Finally, poly(I:C) increased expression of genes in the TLR3 pathway, cytokine genes, and CD11b, a gene associated with proinflammatory actions of microglia, in the prelimbic cortex and central amygdala, with greater expression of cytokine genes in male rats. Lewis rats had lower baseline expression of some neuroimmune genes, particularly CD11b. Overall, we found constitutive strain differences in immune profiles and baseline differences in behavior, yet poly(I:C) generally induced similar behavior changes in males while hyperarousal and avoidance behavior were heightened in female Lewis rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joyce Besheer
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Biczo A, Bereczki F, Koch K, Varga PP, Lazary A. Genetic variants of interleukin 1B and 6 are associated with clinical outcome of surgically treated lumbar degenerative disc disease. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:774. [PMID: 35964023 PMCID: PMC9375337 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05711-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successfully surgically treating degenerative disc diseases can be challenging to the spine surgeons, the long-term outcome relies on both the physical and mental status of the patient before and after treatment. Numerous studies underlined the role of inflammatory cytokines - like interleukin 1B and 6 - in the development of chronic diseases such as failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) and major depressive disorder (MDD) which alter the outcome after spinal surgery. Our aim was to evaluate the associations of IL6 and IL1B gene polymorphisms with the long-term outcome of degenerative lumbar spine surgeries. METHODS An international genetical database (GENODISC) was combined with our institute's clinical database to create a large pool with long term follow up data. Altogether 431 patient's data were analysed. Patient reported outcome measures and surgical outcome was investigated in association with IL1B and IL6 SNPs with the help of 'SNPassoc' R genome wide association package. RESULTS Interleukin 1B variants analysis confirmed association with improvement of pain after surgery on individual SNP level and on haplotype level, moreover relationship with patient reported outcome and preoperative level of depression was found on individual SNP level. IL6 variants were associated with preoperative depression, somatization and with subsequent surgery. CONCLUSION Understanding the complexity of spinal surgery patients' long-term well-being is crucial in effectively treating chronic debilitating somatic diseases and the associated mental illnesses. Further studies should investigate more comprehensively the linkage of chronic physical and mental illnesses focusing on their simultaneous treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Biczo
- Semmelweis University School of Ph.D studies, Ulloi street 26, Budapest, 1086, Hungary.,National Center for Spinal Disorders, Kiralyhago street 1, Budapest, 1126, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Bereczki
- Semmelweis University School of Ph.D studies, Ulloi street 26, Budapest, 1086, Hungary.,National Center for Spinal Disorders, Kiralyhago street 1, Budapest, 1126, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Koch
- Semmelweis University School of Ph.D studies, Ulloi street 26, Budapest, 1086, Hungary.,National Center for Spinal Disorders, Kiralyhago street 1, Budapest, 1126, Hungary
| | - Peter Pal Varga
- National Center for Spinal Disorders, Kiralyhago street 1, Budapest, 1126, Hungary
| | | | - Aron Lazary
- National Center for Spinal Disorders, Kiralyhago street 1, Budapest, 1126, Hungary. .,Department of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Semmelweis University, Kiralyhago street 1, Budapest, 1126, Hungary.
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Zakowicz P, Pawlak J, Kapelski P, Wiłkość-Dębczyńska M, Szałkowska A, Twarowska-Hauser J, Rybakowski J, Skibińska M. Genetic association study reveals impact of interleukin 10 polymorphisms on cognitive functions in schizophrenia. Behav Brain Res 2022; 419:113706. [PMID: 34875307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Cognitive deficits are the core factors impacting quality of life among patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. Effective method of treatment for this domain of symptoms remains lacking. Recent evidence suggests the link between impaired cognition and aberrant inflammatory response. Severity of symptoms might be linked to individual genetic predispositions and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding interleukins and their receptors. Current genetic association studies include anti-inflammatory interleukins, such as IL10. Functional polymorphisms of IL10 (rs1800871, rs18008729) have been indicated to affect information processing in schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we analyzed the potential impact of 27 functional SNPs in 8 cytokine genes on cognitive parameters measured by Wisconsin card-sorting test (WCST) in schizophrenia group (n = 150) and healthy controls (n = 152). RESULTS We found significant associations of two functional polymorphisms of IL10 (rs1800871, rs1800872) and WCST results. Allele A carriers in rs1800871 performed significantly better in Percent of Conceptual Level Responses (CLR%). Allele A carriers in rs1800871 and allele T carriers in rs1800872 obtained better results in Completed Categories (CC). The impact of illness duration was observed, with better performance of recent-onset patients. CONCLUSIONS Results of this study indicate that genetic variants of inflammatory response are associated with cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The role of cytokines in schizophrenia need to be investigated in the aspect of pro-/anti-inflammatory imbalance. Altered inflammatory response promote chronic mild inflammation in the brain and aberrant synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Zakowicz
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Children and Adolescent Treatment Center, Zabór, Zielona Góra, Poland.
| | - Joanna Pawlak
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Kapelski
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Szałkowska
- Department of Psychiatry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland
| | | | - Janusz Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maria Skibińska
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Scola L, Giarratana RM, Marinello V, Cancila V, Pisano C, Ruvolo G, Frati G, Lio D, Balistreri CR. Polymorphisms of Pro-Inflammatory IL-6 and IL-1β Cytokines in Ascending Aortic Aneurysms as Genetic Modifiers and Predictive and Prognostic Biomarkers. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070943. [PMID: 34202072 PMCID: PMC8301826 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that polymorphisms involved in immune genes can affect the risk, pathogenesis, and outcome of thoracic ascending aortic aneurysms (TAAA). Here, we explored the potential associations of five functional promoter polymorphisms in interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1B, IL-1A, IL-18, and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)A genes with TAAA. Methods: 144 TAAA patients and 150 age/gender matched controls were typed using KASPar assays. Effects on telomere length and levels of TAAA related histopathological and serological markers were analyzed. Results: Significant associations with TAAA risk were obtained for IL-6 rs1800795G>C and IL-1B rs16944C>T SNPs. In addition, the combined rs1800795C/rs16944T genotype showed a synergic effect on TAAA pathogenesis and outcome. The combined rs1800795C/rs16944T genotype was significantly associated with: (a) higher serum levels of both cytokines and MMP-9 and -2; (b) a significant CD3+CD4+CD8+ CD68+CD20+ cell infiltration in aorta aneurysm tissues; (c) a significant shorter telomere length and alterations in telomerase activity. Finally, it significantly correlated with TAAA aorta tissue alterations, including elastic fragmentation, medial cell apoptosis, cystic medial changes, and MMP-9 levels. Conclusions: the combined rs1800795C/rs16944T genotype appears to modulate TAAA risk, pathogenesis, and outcome, and consequently can represent a potential predictive and prognostic TAAA biomarker for individual management, implementation of innovative treatments, and selection of the more proper surgical timing and approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Scola
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy (R.M.G.); (C.R.B.)
| | - Rosa Maria Giarratana
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy (R.M.G.); (C.R.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Marinello
- Department of Legal and Economic Sciences, University of Enna “Kore”, 94100 Enna, Italy;
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department PROMISE, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Calogera Pisano
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00100 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Giovanni Ruvolo
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, 00100 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy;
- IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Domenico Lio
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy (R.M.G.); (C.R.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Clinical Pathology, Department of Bio-Medicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy (R.M.G.); (C.R.B.)
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Bialek K, Czarny P, Watala C, Synowiec E, Wigner P, Bijak M, Talarowska M, Galecki P, Szemraj J, Sliwinski T. Preliminary Study of the Impact of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms of IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF-α Genes on the Occurrence, Severity and Treatment Effectiveness of the Major Depressive Disorder. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 40:1049-1056. [PMID: 31912349 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the preliminary study was to determine whether the occurrence of certain SNPs of genes encoding IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α is associated with the development of depression. Five polymorphisms were selected: i.e. c.-1560G > C-IL-1β (rs1143623), c. -118 C > T-IL-1β (rs1143627), c.340G > T-IL-1α (rs17561), c.-1211T > C-TNF-α (rs1799964) and c.-488G > A-TNF-α (rs1800629). These were analyzed using TaqMan probes. The genotypes of the analyzed polymorphisms were found to be associated with disease severity and may affect the effectiveness of antidepressant therapy. In addition, the gene-gene analysis confirmed that combined genotypes of investigated SNPs may modulate the risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bialek
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Cezary Watala
- Department of Haemostatic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Synowiec
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paulina Wigner
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Bijak
- Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Talarowska
- Department of Personality and Individual Differences, Institute of Psychology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Galecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
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Das A, Pagliaroli L, Vereczkei A, Kotyuk E, Langstieh B, Demetrovics Z, Barta C. Association of GDNF and CNTNAP2 gene variants with gambling. J Behav Addict 2019; 8:471-478. [PMID: 31446765 PMCID: PMC7044627 DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Some form of gambling can be observed in nearly every society, as the gratification felt upon winning in uncertain conditions is universal. A culturally distinct form of gambling, associated with a traditional sporting event of archery known as "teer," is innate to the province of Meghalaya, India. The objective of this study was to find genetic variants underlying this unique form of behavioral addiction. To better understand game-based gambling, we studied genetic variants related to dopaminergic pathways and other genes previously linked to various psychological disorders. METHODS This study was carried out on a sample of 196 Indo-Aryan adults from Shillong, Meghalaya. Genotyping of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) polymorphisms was carried out using real-time PCR. We further investigated 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms located in the 3' UTR of additional genes of interest using an OpenArray® real-time PCR platform. RESULTS Case-control analysis revealed a significant association between GDNF variant rs2973033 (p = .00864, χ2 = 13.132, df = 2) and contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) variant rs2530311 (p = .0448, χ2 = 13.132, df = 2) with gambling. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Association of the GDNF gene with gambling could be attributed to its involvement in the development and survival of dopaminergic neurons. Our result is in good agreement with previous data indicating the role of GDNF in certain substance addictions. Several rare variants in the CNTNAP2 gene were also implicated in alcohol addiction in a previous study. This pilot study provides further support for the role of GDNF and CNTNAP2 in addiction behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhuti Das
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,Department of Anthropology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India,Indian Council of Medical Research, Regional Medical Research Center, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Luca Pagliaroli
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Vereczkei
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kotyuk
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Adaptation Research Group, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Banrida Langstieh
- Department of Anthropology, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- MTA-ELTE Lendület Adaptation Research Group, Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Barta
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary,Corresponding author: Csaba Barta, MD, PhD; Institute of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 37-47 Tuzolto Street, Budapest, 1094, PO Box 260, Hungary; Phone: +36 1 459 1500 ext. 60137; Fax: +36 1 266 7480; E-mail:
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Effects of interleukin-1beta polymorphisms on brain function and behavior in healthy and psychiatric disease conditions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 37:89-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Interaction Effects of Season of Birth and Cytokine Genes on Schizotypal Traits in the General Population. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2017; 2017:5763094. [PMID: 29464121 PMCID: PMC5804364 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5763094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Literature suggests that the effect of winter birth on vulnerability to schizophrenia might be mediated by increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines due to prenatal infection and its inadequate regulation by anti-inflammatory factors. As the response of the immune system depends on genotype, this study assessed the interaction effects of cytokine genes and season of birth (SOB) on schizotypy measured with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ-74). We searched for associations of IL1B rs16944, IL4 rs2243250, and IL-1RN VNTR polymorphisms, SOB, and their interactions with the SPQ-74 total score in a sample of 278 healthy individuals. A significant effect of the IL4 X SOB interaction was found, p = 0.007 and η2 = 0.028. We confirmed this effect using an extended sample of 373 individuals. Homozygotes CC born in winter showed the highest SPQ total score and differed significantly from winter-born T allele carriers, p = 0.049. This difference was demonstrated for cognitive-perceptual and disorganized but not interpersonal dimensions. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the cytokine genes by SOB interaction can influence variability of schizotypal traits in the general population. The IL4 T allele appeared to have a protective effect against the development of positive and disorganized schizotypal traits in winter-born individuals.
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