1
|
Wu M, Zhang X, Karunaratne S, Lee JH, Lampugnani ER, Selva KJ, Chung AW, Mueller SN, Chinnery HR, Downie LE. Intravital Imaging of the Human Cornea Reveals the Differential Effects of Season on Innate and Adaptive Immune Cell Morphodynamics. Ophthalmology 2024:S0161-6420(24)00273-2. [PMID: 38703795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2024.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Defining how the in vivo immune status of peripheral tissues is shaped by the external environment has remained a technical challenge. We recently developed Functional in vivo confocal microscopy (Fun-IVCM) for dynamic, longitudinal imaging of corneal immune cells in living humans. This study investigated the effect of seasonal-driven environmental factors on the morphodynamic features of human corneal immune cell subsets. DESIGN Longitudinal, observational clinical study. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen healthy participants (aged 18-40 years) attended 2 visits in distinct seasons in Melbourne, Australia (Visit 1, November-December 2021 [spring-summer]; Visit 2, April-June 2022 [autumn-winter]). METHODS Environmental data were collected over each period. Participants underwent ocular surface examinations and corneal Fun-IVCM (Heidelberg Engineering). Corneal scans were acquired at 5.5 ± 1.5-minute intervals for up to 5 time points. Time-lapse Fun-IVCM videos were created to analyze corneal immune cells, comprising epithelial T cells and dendritic cells (DCs), and stromal macrophages. Tear cytokines were analyzed using a multiplex bead-based immunoassay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Difference in the density, morphology, and dynamic parameters of corneal immune cell subsets over the study periods. RESULTS Visit 1 was characterized by higher temperature, lower humidity, and higher air particulate and pollen levels compared with Visit 2. Clinical ocular surface parameters and the density of immune cell subsets were similar across visits. At Visit 1 , corneal epithelial DCs were larger, with a lower dendrite probing speed (0.38 ± 0.21 vs. 0.68 ± 0.33 μm/min; P < 0.001) relative to Visit 2; stromal macrophages were more circular and had less dynamic activity (Visit 1, 7.2 ± 1.9 vs. Visit 2, 10.3 ± 3.7 dancing index; P < 0.001). Corneal T cell morphodynamics were unchanged across periods. Basal tear levels of interleukin 2 and CXCL10 were relatively lower during spring-summer. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies that the in vivo morphodynamics of innate corneal immune cells (DCs, macrophages) are modified by environmental factors, but such effects are not evident for adaptive immune cells (T cells). The cornea is a potential in vivo window to investigate season-dependent environmental influences on the human immune system. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengliang Wu
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Senuri Karunaratne
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edwin R Lampugnani
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kevin J Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Holly R Chinnery
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ibrahim W, An J, Yang Y, Cosgrove KP, Matuskey D. Does seasonal variation affect the neuroimmune system? A retrospective [ 11C]PBR28 PET study in healthy individuals. Neurosci Lett 2024; 828:137766. [PMID: 38583505 PMCID: PMC11073647 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The neuroimmune system performs a wide range of functions in the brain and the central nervous system. The microglial translocator protein (TSPO) has an established role as a cell marker in identification of the neuroimmune system. Previously, human studies have shown TSPO differences in neuropsychiatric disorders. Seasonal variability has also been demonstrated in multiple systems of healthy individuals. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to understand whether seasonal changes affect brain TSPO levels using [11C]PBR28 positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. METHODS 46 healthy subjects (mean age ± SD = 32.5 ± 10); sex (M/F) = 32/14)) underwent PET imaging with [11C]PBR28 in a retrospectively conducted analysis. All PET scans were performed on the HRRT scanner. Volume of distribution (VT) values were generated for cortical and subcortical regions and the cerebellum. Spring/summer months were defined as March to August while fall/winter months were defined as September to February and were compared through 2-tailed t-tests (SciPy library v.1.10.1 and Pinguoin library on Python v.3.8.8). Average daylight hours and temperature in New Haven, CT were obtained online (www.wunderground.com) and compared to VT with Spearman's correlations. RESULTS There were no significant differences observed between the TSPO levels of spring/summer and fall/winter months in the brain (t = 0.52, p = 0.61). Additional analysis on all individual brain regions also indicated non-significance. Likewise, no significant correlations were found between TSPO levels in the whole brain and brain regions against daylight hours (ρ= 0.05, p = 0.74), temperature (ρ = 0.04, p = 0.81), or month (ρ = 0.08, p = 0.60). Controlling TSPO gene polymorphisms and other variables had no significant effect on the outcome. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first human study to investigate seasonal changes in TSPO expression. Our results can be interpreted as the lack of seasonal variability in the neuroimmune system, but important limitations include high interindividual variability, test-retest variability, specificity of the tracer, and a limited sample size. Limitations notwithstanding, our results conclude that TSPO levels in the brain are not impacted by light and temperature changes in different seasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Ibrahim
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeonghyun An
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yanghong Yang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kelly P. Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Neutrophil Functional Heterogeneity and Implications for Viral Infections and Treatments. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081322. [PMID: 35456003 PMCID: PMC9025666 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that neutrophils exert specialized effector functions during infection and inflammation, and that these cells can affect the duration, severity, and outcome of the infection. These functions are related to variations in phenotypes that have implications in immunoregulation during viral infections. Although the complexity of the heterogeneity of neutrophils is still in the process of being uncovered, evidence indicates that they display phenotypes and functions that can assist in viral clearance or augment and amplify the immunopathology of viruses. Therefore, deciphering and understanding neutrophil subsets and their polarization in viral infections is of importance. In this review, the different phenotypes of neutrophils and the roles they play in viral infections are discussed. We also examine the possible ways to target neutrophil subsets during viral infections as potential anti-viral treatments.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lange T, Luebber F, Grasshoff H, Besedovsky L. The contribution of sleep to the neuroendocrine regulation of rhythms in human leukocyte traffic. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:239-254. [PMID: 35041075 PMCID: PMC8901522 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four-hour rhythms in immune parameters and functions are robustly observed phenomena in biomedicine. Here, we summarize the important role of sleep and associated parameters on the neuroendocrine regulation of rhythmic immune cell traffic to different compartments, with a focus on human leukocyte subsets. Blood counts of "stress leukocytes" such as neutrophils, natural killer cells, and highly differentiated cytotoxic T cells present a rhythm with a daytime peak. It is mediated by morning increases in epinephrine, leading to a mobilization of these cells out of the marginal pool into the circulation following a fast, beta2-adrenoceptor-dependent inhibition of adhesive integrin signaling. In contrast, other subsets such as eosinophils and less differentiated T cells are redirected out of the circulation during daytime. This is mediated by stimulation of the glucocorticoid receptor following morning increases in cortisol, which promotes CXCR4-driven leukocyte traffic, presumably to the bone marrow. Hence, these cells show highest numbers in blood at night when cortisol levels are lowest. Sleep adds to these rhythms by actively suppressing epinephrine and cortisol levels. In addition, sleep increases levels of immunosupportive mediators, such as aldosterone and growth hormone, which are assumed to promote T-cell homing to lymph nodes, thus facilitating the initiation of adaptive immune responses during sleep. Taken together, sleep-wake behavior with its unique neuroendocrine changes regulates human leukocyte traffic with overall immunosupportive effects during nocturnal sleep. In contrast, integrin de-activation and redistribution of certain leukocytes to the bone marrow during daytime activity presumably serves immune regulation and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. .,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Finn Luebber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Social Neuroscience Lab, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wyse C, O'Malley G, Coogan AN, McConkey S, Smith DJ. Seasonal and daytime variation in multiple immune parameters in humans: Evidence from 329,261 participants of the UK Biobank cohort. iScience 2021; 24:102255. [PMID: 33817568 PMCID: PMC8010467 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal disease outbreaks are perennial features of human infectious disease but the factors generating these patterns are unclear. Here we investigate seasonal and daytime variability in multiple immune parameters in 329,261 participants in UK Biobank and test for associations with a wide range of environmental and lifestyle factors, including changes in day length, outdoor temperature and vitamin D at the time the blood sample was collected. Seasonal patterns were evident in lymphocyte and neutrophil counts, and C-reactive protein CRP, but not monocytes, and these were independent of lifestyle, demographic, and environmental factors. All the immune parameters assessed demonstrated significant daytime variation that was independent of confounding factors. At a population level, human immune parameters vary across season and across time of day, independent of multiple confounding factors. Both season and time of day are fundamental dimensions of immune function that should be considered in all studies of immuno-prophylaxis and disease transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Wyse
- School of Physiotherapy, Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Mercer Street Lower, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace O'Malley
- School of Physiotherapy, Division of Population Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaux Lane House, Mercer Street Lower, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew N. Coogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sam McConkey
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland: University of Medicine and Health Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Smith
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
The circadian clock controls several aspects of mammalian physiology and orchestrates the daily oscillations of biological processes and behavior. Our circadian rhythms are driven by an endogenous central clock in the brain that synchronizes with clocks in peripheral tissues, thereby regulating our immune system and the severity of infections. These rhythms affect the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of therapeutic agents and vaccines. The core circadian regulatory circuits and clock-regulated host pathways provide fertile ground to identify novel antiviral therapies. An increased understanding of the role circadian systems play in regulating virus infection and the host response to the virus will inform our clinical management of these diseases. This review provides an overview of the experimental and clinical evidence reporting on the interplay between the circadian clock and viral infections, highlighting the importance of virus-clock research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helene Borrmann
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Xiaodong Zhuang, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK; e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Crespo F, White J, Roberts C. Revisiting the tuberculosis and leprosy cross-immunity hypothesis: Expanding the dialogue between immunology and paleopathology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 26:37-47. [PMID: 31185376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our primary objective is to re-visit the tuberculosis and leprosy cross-immunity. hypothesis through the careful integration of immunology and paleopathology. METHODS Using an integrated theoretical analysis that evaluates clinical literature on human innate immunological responses, paleomicrobiology, bioarchaeology, and paleopathology, we develop a multifactorial model. RESULTS Past populations do not represent homogeneous immunological landscapes, and therefore it is likely that leprosy in Medieval Europe did not uniformly decline due to cross-immunity. CONCLUSIONS We recommend that bioarchaeological reconstructions of past disease experience take into consideration models that include variation in immune function based on past environments and social contexts. This provides a unique opportunity to conduct comprehensive analyses on complex immunological processes. SIGNIFICANCE Extrapolating results from experimental immunology to larger populations elucidates complexities of disease cross-immunity and highlights the importance of synthesizing archaeological, social, paleopathological and biological data as a means of understanding disease in the past. LIMITATIONS All extrapolations from data produced from in vitro studies to past populations, using living donors, pose significant limitations where, among other factors, the full reconstruction of past environmental and social contexts can frequently be sparse or incomplete. SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH To reduce the limitations of integrating experimental immunology with bioarchaeological reconstructions (i.e. how to use skeletal samples to reconstruct inflammatory phenotypes), we propose that osteoimmunology, or the study of the interplay between immune cells and bone cells, should be considered a vital discipline and perhaps the foundation for the expansion of paleoimmunology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Crespo
- Department of Anthropology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
| | - Jacob White
- Department of Anthropology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Boulougouris X, Rogiers C, Van Poucke M, De Spiegeleer B, Peelman L, Duchateau L, Burvenich C. Methylation of selected CpG islands involved in the transcription of myeloperoxidase and superoxide dismutase 2 in neutrophils of periparturient and mid-lactation cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:7421-7434. [PMID: 31178179 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that intracellular killing of microorganisms by production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the phagosome of the neutrophil is an important arm of innate defense. High-producing dairy cows are prone to periparturient metabolic and infectious diseases. Both myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and ROS production decrease the day of parturition. Several studies have demonstrated changes in the expression of genes involved in, for example, metabolism and defense in the circulating neutrophil during peripartum. In this study, we wanted to further characterize the periparturient neutrophil in terms of its oxidative killing capacity by analyzing the oxidative burst at 3 levels. First, the ROS phenotype was evaluated using chemiluminescence. The cows (sampled within 24 h after parturition and at 135 d in milk) showed a significantly slower production of ROS at parturition. Both primiparous (n = 13) and multiparous (n = 12) cows were included in this study, but parity did not affect the kinetics of ROS production. Second, the expression of 11 genes involved in ROS production was measured in the same cows: cytochrome b-245 α and β chain (CYBA, CYBB; coding for membrane-bound constituents of NADPH oxidase); neutrophil cytosolic factors 1, 2, and 4 (NCF1, NCF2, and NCF4); Rac family small GTPase 1 and 2 (RAC1 and RAC2; coding for regulatory proteins of NADPH oxidase); superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2); catalase (CAT); myeloperoxidase (MPO; coding for enzymes involved in metabolizing downstream ROS); and spleen-associated tyrosine kinase (SYK; involved in signaling). During peripartum, a shift in expression in the oxidative killing pathway was observed, characterized by a downregulation of MPO and a simultaneous upregulation of the genes coding for NADPH oxidase. Third, as total DNA methylation is known to change during pregnancy, we investigated whether the observed differences were due to different methylation patterns. Promotor regions initiate transcription of particular genes; therefore, we analyzed the methylation status in annotated CpG islands of MPO and SOD2, 2 genes with a significant difference in expression between both lactation stages. The differences in methylation of these CpG islands were nonsignificant. High-throughput techniques may be necessary to obtain more detailed information on the total DNA methylation dynamics in bovine neutrophils and increase our understanding of how gene expression is controlled in neutrophils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xanthippe Boulougouris
- Animal Genetics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Carolien Rogiers
- Animal Genetics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Mario Van Poucke
- Animal Genetics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Peelman
- Animal Genetics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Animal Genetics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Christian Burvenich
- Animal Genetics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kardeş S. Seasonal variation in the internet searches for gout: an ecological study. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 38:769-775. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4345-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
10
|
Olave C, Alvarez P, Uberti B, Morales N, Henriquez C, Folch H, Sarmiento J, Moran G. Tamoxifen induces apoptosis and inhibits respiratory burst in equine neutrophils independently of estrogen receptors. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 42:248-254. [PMID: 30345523 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils play an important role in the exacerbation and maintenance of severe equine asthma; persistent neutrophil activity and delayed apoptosis can be harmful to surrounding tissues. Tamoxifen (TX) is a nonsteroidal estrogen receptor modulator with immunomodulatory effects and induces early apoptosis of blood and bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils from horses with acute lung inflammation. This study investigated if the in vitro effects of tamoxifen are produced by its action on nuclear (α and β) and membrane (GPR30) estrogen receptors in healthy equine neutrophils. Results showed that TX inhibits neutrophil respiratory burst induced by opsonized zymosan in a dose-dependent manner. Nuclear (17-β-Estradiol) and GPR30 cell membrane (G1) estrogen receptor agonists and their antagonists (ICI 182,780 and G15, respectively) do not block or reproduce the effect of TX. Therefore, TX does not inhibit respiratory burst through estrogen receptors. TX (8.5 μM) also increased phosphatidylserine translocation, a marker of early apoptosis, which did not occur with any of the estrogen receptor agonists or antagonists. Thus, tamoxifen generates dose-dependent inhibition of respiratory burst and increased early apoptosis in healthy equine neutrophils, independently of nuclear or membrane estrogen receptors. Further studies are necessary to explore the signaling pathways of tamoxifen-induced ROS inhibition and phosphatidylserine translocation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Olave
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Alvarez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Benjamin Uberti
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Natalia Morales
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Henriquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Hugo Folch
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jose Sarmiento
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gabriel Moran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal changes in various physiological events have been reported in humans, including metabolism, immune function, and mood. However, the molecular and endocrine basis of these seasonal changes remains unclear. SUMMARY Animals that breed seasonally, such as Japanese quail and the Siberian hamster, have sophisticated seasonal mechanisms, and hence they provide excellent opportunities to understand the underlying processes. Functional genomic analysis in quail uncovered the photoperiodic signal transduction pathway, which regulates avian seasonal reproduction: a long-day stimulus induces secretion of thyrotropin (TSH) from the pars tuberalis (PT) of the anterior pituitary gland. This PT-derived TSH locally activates thyroid hormone within the hypothalamus, which in turn induces gonadotropin-releasing hormone and then gonadotropin secretion, leading to gonadal growth. CONCLUSIONS Studies using TSH receptor-null mice confirmed the involvement of PT-derived TSH in mammalian seasonal reproduction. The pars distalis of the anterior pituitary gland is the major source of circulating TSH. Although the pars distalis and PT are in close proximity, tissue-specific glycosylation of circulating TSH alters its function to avoid cross talk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Nakayama
- 1 Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Japan
- 2 Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology , Okazaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshimura
- 1 Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University , Nagoya, Japan
- 2 Division of Seasonal Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology , Okazaki, Japan
- 3 Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University , Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bialasiewicz P, Prymont-Przyminska A, Zwolinska A, Sarniak A, Wlodarczyk A, Krol M, Markowski J, Rutkowski KP, Nowak D. Sour Cherries but Not Apples Added to the Regular Diet Decrease Resting and fMLP-Stimulated Chemiluminescence of Fasting Whole Blood in Healthy Subjects. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 37:24-33. [PMID: 28985142 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1354739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Berry fruits rich in anthocyanins have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Blood phagocytes are an important source of oxidants that contribute to inflammatory response and oxidative stress. We examined the effect of sour cherry consumption on luminol-enhanced whole blood chemiluminescence (LBCL) reflecting oxidants generation by circulating phagocytes in healthy subjects. METHODS Thirty-four and 29 healthy subjects (on a regular diet) consumed 500 g of sour cherries containing 346.5 mg of total anthocyanins or 500 g of anthocyanin-free apples everyday (between 1100 and 1400 hours) for 30 days. Twenty-four volunteers without any dietary intervention served as the control with respect to LBCL changes over the study period. Fasting blood and spot morning urine samples were collected before and after the fruit courses and after the 10-day wash-out period to measure resting and agonist (fMLP)-induced LBCL, blood cell count, concentration of various phenolics, and plasma antioxidant activity. RESULTS Sour cherries inhibited (p < 0.05) median resting LBCL (by 29.5% and 33.7%) and fMLP-LBCL (by 24.7% and 32.3%) after 30-day consumption and after 10-day wash-out, respectively. No changes in LBCL were noted in the apple consumers and controls. Increased urinary levels of chlorogenic, 4-hydroxyhippuric, and 3-hydroxyhippuric acids occasionally correlated negatively with resting and fMLP-LBCL in sour cherry consumers. Other measured variables did not change in all groups over the study period. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of resting and agonist-induced LBCL suggests that regular sour cherry consumption may suppress the formation of reactive oxygen species by circulating phagocytes and decrease the risk of systemic imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. This may be attributed to the anthocyanins in sour cherry and be one of mechanisms of the health-promoting effects of consumption of anthocyanin-rich fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Bialasiewicz
- a Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | | | - Anna Zwolinska
- c Cell-to-Cell Communication Department , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Agata Sarniak
- b Department of General Physiology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Anna Wlodarczyk
- a Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Maciej Krol
- a Department of Sleep Medicine and Metabolic Disorders , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Markowski
- d Fruit Storage and Processing Department, Division of Pomology , Research Institute of Horticulture , Skierniewice , Poland
| | - Krzysztof P Rutkowski
- d Fruit Storage and Processing Department, Division of Pomology , Research Institute of Horticulture , Skierniewice , Poland
| | - Dariusz Nowak
- e Department of Clinical Physiology , Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Swain DK, Kumar J, Yadav S, Singh SK, Singh Y, Dang AK. The functional dynamics of neutrophils during different seasons in zebu cattle. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1251937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
14
|
Stevenson TJ, Visser ME, Arnold W, Barrett P, Biello S, Dawson A, Denlinger DL, Dominoni D, Ebling FJ, Elton S, Evans N, Ferguson HM, Foster RG, Hau M, Haydon DT, Hazlerigg DG, Heideman P, Hopcraft JGC, Jonsson NN, Kronfeld-Schor N, Kumar V, Lincoln GA, MacLeod R, Martin SAM, Martinez-Bakker M, Nelson RJ, Reed T, Robinson JE, Rock D, Schwartz WJ, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tauber E, Thackeray SJ, Umstatter C, Yoshimura T, Helm B. Disrupted seasonal biology impacts health, food security and ecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20151453. [PMID: 26468242 PMCID: PMC4633868 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhythm of life on earth is shaped by seasonal changes in the environment. Plants and animals show profound annual cycles in physiology, health, morphology, behaviour and demography in response to environmental cues. Seasonal biology impacts ecosystems and agriculture, with consequences for humans and biodiversity. Human populations show robust annual rhythms in health and well-being, and the birth month can have lasting effects that persist throughout life. This review emphasizes the need for a better understanding of seasonal biology against the backdrop of its rapidly progressing disruption through climate change, human lifestyles and other anthropogenic impact. Climate change is modifying annual rhythms to which numerous organisms have adapted, with potential consequences for industries relating to health, ecosystems and food security. Disconcertingly, human lifestyles under artificial conditions of eternal summer provide the most extreme example for disconnect from natural seasons, making humans vulnerable to increased morbidity and mortality. In this review, we introduce scenarios of seasonal disruption, highlight key aspects of seasonal biology and summarize from biomedical, anthropological, veterinary, agricultural and environmental perspectives the recent evidence for seasonal desynchronization between environmental factors and internal rhythms. Because annual rhythms are pervasive across biological systems, they provide a common framework for trans-disciplinary research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T J Stevenson
- Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M E Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Arnold
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Barrett
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S Biello
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Dawson
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - D L Denlinger
- Department of Entomology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Dominoni
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - F J Ebling
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Elton
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - N Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - H M Ferguson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R G Foster
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Hau
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - D T Haydon
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D G Hazlerigg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
| | - P Heideman
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - J G C Hopcraft
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - N N Jonsson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - V Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - G A Lincoln
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R MacLeod
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S A M Martin
- Department of Animal Ecology, Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Martinez-Bakker
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R J Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T Reed
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, University of College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J E Robinson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Rock
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - W J Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - I Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - E Tauber
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - S J Thackeray
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Umstatter
- Agroscope, Tanikon, CH-8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - T Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan
| | - B Helm
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
In Search of 'Birth Month Genes': Using Existing Data Repositories to Locate Genes Underlying Birth Month-Disease Relationships. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE PROCEEDINGS. AMIA JOINT SUMMITS ON TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 2016:189-98. [PMID: 27570668 PMCID: PMC5001771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal and perinatal exposures vary seasonally (e.g., sunlight, allergens) and many diseases are linked with variance in exposure. Epidemiologists often measure these changes using birth month as a proxy for seasonal variance. Likewise, Genome-Wide Association Studies have associated or implicated these same diseases with many genes. Both disparate data types (epidemiological and genetic) can provide key insights into the underlying disease biology. We developed an algorithm that links 1) epidemiological data from birth month studies with 2) genetic data from published gene-disease association studies. Our framework uses existing data repositories - PubMed, DisGeNET and Gene Ontology - to produce a bipartite network that connects enriched seasonally varying biofactorss with birth month dependent diseases (BMDDs) through their overlapping developmental gene sets. As a proof-of-concept, we investigate 7 known BMDDs and highlight three important biological networks revealed by our algorithm and explore some interesting genetic mechanisms potentially responsible for the seasonal contribution to BMDDs.
Collapse
|
16
|
Heterogeneity of the Mac-1 expression on peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with different types of epithelial ovarian cancer. Immunobiology 2016; 221:323-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
17
|
Cameron SJS, Huws SA, Hegarty MJ, Smith DPM, Mur LAJ. The human salivary microbiome exhibits temporal stability in bacterial diversity. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
|
18
|
Martinez-Bakker M, Helm B. The influence of biological rhythms on host-parasite interactions. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 30:314-26. [PMID: 25907430 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biological rhythms, from circadian control of cellular processes to annual cycles in life history, are a main structural element of biology. Biological rhythms are considered adaptive because they enable organisms to partition activities to cope with, and take advantage of, predictable fluctuations in environmental conditions. A flourishing area of immunology is uncovering rhythms in the immune system of animals, including humans. Given the temporal structure of immunity, and rhythms in parasite activity and disease incidence, we propose that the intersection of chronobiology, disease ecology, and evolutionary biology holds the key to understanding host-parasite interactions. Here, we review host-parasite interactions while explicitly considering biological rhythms, and propose that rhythms: influence within-host infection dynamics and transmission between hosts, might account for diel and annual periodicity in host-parasite systems, and can lead to a host-parasite arms race in the temporal domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Martinez-Bakker
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Barbara Helm
- Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Adang LA, Lynch DR, Panzer JA. Pediatric anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is seasonal. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2014; 1:921-5. [PMID: 25540806 PMCID: PMC4265063 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the majority of pediatric anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARe) cases, the underlying cause of antibody production and subsequent disease remains unknown. We aimed to characterize this poorly understood population, investigating epidemiological factors potentially related to disease etiology, particularly season of onset. In this retrospective case review study, we analyzed data from the 29 pediatric subjects with anti-NMDAR antibodies and found that symptoms were first reported in the warm months of April–September in 78% of non-tumor-related NMDARe (NT-NMDARe) cases. These findings support further investigation into a possible seasonal trigger of NT-NMDARe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Adang
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - David R Lynch
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104 ; Departments of Pediatrics and Child Psychiatry, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104 ; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| | - Jessica A Panzer
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang E, Wells CA. The ground state of innate immune responsiveness is determined at the interface of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:13-9. [PMID: 24951823 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages form the major cellular component of the innate immune system, with roles in tissue development, homeostasis, and host defense against infection. Environmental factors were shown to play a significant part in determining innate immune responsiveness, and this included systemic conditions, such as circulating glucose levels, gut microflora, time of year, and even diurnal rhythm, which had a direct impact on innate immune receptor expression. Although the underlying molecular processes are just beginning to emerge, it is clear that environmental factors may alter epigenetic states of peripheral blood monocytes and resident tissue macrophages. We conclude that some measure of cellular ground state must become an essential part of the analysis of myeloid responsiveness or infectious susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Huang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
| | - Christine Anne Wells
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; and Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Beyrau M, Bodkin JV, Nourshargh S. Neutrophil heterogeneity in health and disease: a revitalized avenue in inflammation and immunity. Open Biol 2013; 2:120134. [PMID: 23226600 PMCID: PMC3513838 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.120134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucocytes form the principal cellular components of immunity and inflammation, existing as multiple subsets defined by distinct phenotypic and functional profiles. To date, this has most notably been documented for lymphocytes and monocytes. In contrast, as neutrophils are traditionally considered, to be short-lived, terminally differentiated cells that do not re-circulate, the potential existence of distinct neutrophil subsets with functional and phenotypic heterogeneity has not been widely considered or explored. A growing body of evidence is now challenging this scenario, and there is significant evidence for the existence of different neutrophil subsets under both physiological and pathological conditions. This review will summarize the key findings that have triggered a renewed interest in neutrophil phenotypic changes, both in terms of functional implications and consequences within disease models. Special emphasis will be placed on the potential pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of neutrophil subsets, as indicated by the recent works in models of ischaemia–reperfusion injury, trauma, cancer and sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Beyrau
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|