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Delghandi PS, Soleimani V, Fazly Bazzaz BS, Hosseinzadeh H. A review on oxidant and antioxidant effects of antibacterial agents: impacts on bacterial cell death and division and therapeutic effects or adverse reactions in humans. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2667-2686. [PMID: 37083711 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02490-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in the mitochondrial respiratory pathway and cellular metabolism. They are responsible for creating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. In living organisms, there is a balance between oxidative stress and the antioxidant system, but some factors such as medicines disturb the balance and cause many problems. These effects can impact bacterial death and division and also in humans can induce therapeutic or adverse reactions. Web of Science and Pubmed databases were used for searching. This review focuses on the oxidant and antioxidant effects of different classes of antibacterial agents and the mechanisms of oxidative stress. Some of these agents have beneficial effects on killing bacteria due to their antioxidant or oxidant effects. However, some of their side effects may be due to their oxidative effects. Based on the results of this review, minocycline is an antioxidant, but aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, glycopeptides, antituberculosis drugs, fluoroquinolones, and sulfamethoxazole agents have oxidant effects. Furthermore, cephalosporins, penicillins, metronidazole, and macrolides have both oxidant and antioxidant effects in different studies. It is concluded that some antibacterial agents have oxidant and other antioxidant effects. These activities may affect their therapeutic effects or side effects. Some antioxidants can prevent the adverse effects of antibacterial agents. Clarifying the exact oxidant and antioxidant effects of some antimicrobial agents needs more research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vahid Soleimani
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR, Iran.
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2
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Riboflavin Targets the Cellular Metabolic and Ribosomal Pathways of Candida albicans In Vitro and Exhibits Efficacy against Oropharyngeal Candidiasis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0380122. [PMID: 36625571 PMCID: PMC9927497 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03801-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), which has a high incidence in immunocompromised and denture stomatitis patients, is commonly caused by Candida albicans infection and in some cases develops into disseminated candidiasis throughout the throat and esophagus, resulting in high mortality. New drugs are needed to combat OPC because of the limited treatment options currently available and increasing resistance to existing drugs. Here, we confirmed that riboflavin (RF), a cofactor of flavin adenine mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, has broad-spectrum anti-Candida activity. The formation of C. albicans hyphae and biofilm was inhibited by RF. Mechanistically, RF disrupted membrane and cell wall integrity, as well as promoting reactive oxygen species and pyruvate accumulation. Furthermore, RF targeted multiple essential pathways via functional disruption of thiamine and RF metabolic pathways, central carbon metabolism, and ribosome metabolism. Similar to the results in vitro, the inhibitory effect of RF on C. albicans hyphae was confirmed in a mouse model of OPC. Moreover, after 5 consecutive days of intraperitoneal injection, RF exhibited therapeutic efficacy, as demonstrated by phenotype investigation, the fungal burden, and histopathological analysis. These findings revealed that RF exerts a multifaceted anti-Candida effect and has potential benefits in the treatment of OPC. IMPORTANCE Candida species are common pathogens in fungal infections, causing mucosal infection and invasive infection in immunodeficient patients. Given the limited classes of drugs and resistance to these drugs, new antifungal agents need to be developed. Drug repurposing is a potential method for antifungal drug development. This study demonstrated that riboflavin (RF) exhibited broad-spectrum anti-Candida activity. RF affected multiple targets involving the membrane and cell wall integrity, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and pyruvate, and the altered metabolic pathways in C. albicans. Moreover, RF exhibited efficacy in the treatment of C. albicans in an oropharyngeal candidiasis mouse model. Taken together, the antifungal activity and the promising clinical application of RF were highlighted.
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3
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Ghosh R, Dey R, Sawoo R, Bishayi B. Simultaneous neutralization of TGF-β and IL-6 attenuates Staphylococcus aureus-induced arthritic inflammation through differential modulation of splenic and synovial macrophages. Scand J Immunol 2023; 97:e13252. [PMID: 36597222 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Septic arthritis is a joint disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Different macrophage populations contribute in various ways to control blood-borne infections and induce inflammatory responses. Macrophage tissue-resident niche is necessary for the suppression of chronic inflammation and may contribute to the pathogenesis of septic arthritis. Thus, to obtain a resolution of the disease and restoration of synovial homeostasis, it needs the activation of macrophages that further regulate the inflammatory consequences. The aim of this study was to find out the mechanism by which neutralization of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and/or interleukin (IL)-6 after induction of septic arthritis could alter the specific macrophage responses in spleen and synovial joints via different cytokines (osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), IL-10, IL-12 and CXCL8) cross-talking, and how the response could be modulated by reactive oxygen species vs antioxidant enzyme activities. Dual neutralization of TGF-β and IL-6 is notably effective in eliciting splenic and synovial tissue-resident macrophage responses. Synovial macrophage-derived IL-10 can elicit protection against septic arthritis via regulating receptor-activated nuclear factor Kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/OPG interaction. They also reduced oxidative stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes including SOD and catalase. Histopathological analysis revealed that dual neutralization of TGF-β and IL-6 prevented bone destruction and osteoclastic activity in septic arthritis by promoting the differential functional response of the splenic and synovial macrophages. Additionally, the macrophage-derived IL-10 can elicit protection against S. aureus-induced septic arthritis via regulating RANKL/OPG interaction. Further studies on STAT3 and STAT4 are needed for the understanding of such cross-talking in resident macrophages of arthritic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Ghosh
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajen Dey
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritasha Sawoo
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, West Bengal, India
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4
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Sinsinwar S, Vadivel V. Development and characterization of catechin-in-cyclodextrin-in-phospholipid liposome to eradicate MRSA-mediated surgical site infection: Investigation of their anti-infective efficacy through in vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121130. [PMID: 34600052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the prime pathogens responsible for surgical site infection (SSI). Treatment of SSI remains challenging because of resistant nature of MRSA, which is a major threat in recent years. Our previous work revealed the antibacterial potential of catechin isolated from cashewnut shell against MRSA. However, the application of catechin to treat MRSA-mediated SSI is hampered because of its poor solubility and low trans-dermal delivery. Hence, the present study focused on developing catechin-in-cyclodextrin-in-phospholipid liposome (CCPL) and evaluating its physicochemical characteristics and anti-infective efficacy through in vitro and in vivo models. Encapsulation of catechin with β-cyclodextrin and soybean lecithin was confirmed through UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and XRD techniques, while TEM imaging revealed the size of CCPL (206 nm). The CCPL displayed a higher level of water solubility (25.13%) and in vitro permeability (42.14%) compared to pure catechin. A higher level of encapsulation efficiency (98.9%) and antibacterial activity (19.8 mm of ZOI and 31.25 μg/mL of MIC) were noted in CCPL compared to the catechin/cyclodextrin complex. CCPL recorded significant and dose-dependent healing of the incision, significant reduction of bacterial count, improved epithelization, and effective prevention of inflammation in skin samples of SSI-induced Balb/c mice. Data of the present work suggest that the CCPL could be considered as a novel and potential candidate to mitigate MRSA-mediated SSI after clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Sinsinwar
- Chemical Biology Lab (ASK-II-409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Vellingiri Vadivel
- Chemical Biology Lab (ASK-II-409), School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India.
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5
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Ackland J, Heinson AI, Cleary DW, Christodoulides M, Wilkinson TMA, Staples KJ. Dual RNASeq Reveals NTHi-Macrophage Transcriptomic Changes During Intracellular Persistence. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:723481. [PMID: 34497778 PMCID: PMC8419319 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.723481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a pathobiont which chronically colonises the airway of individuals with chronic respiratory disease and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. It is unclear how NTHi persists in the airway, however accumulating evidence suggests that NTHi can invade and persist within macrophages. To better understand the mechanisms of NTHi persistence within macrophages, we developed an in vitro model of NTHi intracellular persistence using human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Dual RNA Sequencing was used to assess MDM and NTHi transcriptomic regulation occurring simultaneously during NTHi persistence. Analysis of the macrophage response to NTHi identified temporally regulated transcriptomic profiles, with a specific 'core' profile displaying conserved expression of genes across time points. Gene list enrichment analysis identified enrichment of immune responses in the core gene set, with KEGG pathway analysis revealing specific enrichment of intracellular immune response pathways. NTHi persistence was facilitated by modulation of bacterial metabolic, stress response and ribosome pathways. Levels of NTHi genes bioC, mepM and dps were differentially expressed by intracellular NTHi compared to planktonic NTHi, indicating that the transcriptomic adaption was distinct between the two different NTHi lifestyles. Overall, this study provides crucial insights into the transcriptomic adaptations facilitating NTHi persistence within macrophages. Targeting these reported pathways with novel therapeutics to reduce NTHi burden in the airway could be an effective treatment strategy given the current antimicrobial resistance crisis and lack of NTHi vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie Ackland
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley I Heinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David W Cleary
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Myron Christodoulides
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Tom M A Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, Southampton General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, Southampton General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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6
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Abstract
To resolve the growing problem of drug resistance in the treatment of bacterial and fungal pathogens, specific cellular targets and pathways can be used as targets for new antimicrobial agents. Endogenous riboflavin biosynthesis is a conserved pathway that exists in most bacteria and fungi. In this review, the roles of endogenous and exogenous riboflavin in infectious disease as well as several antibacterial agents, which act as analogues of the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway, are summarized. In addition, the effects of exogenous riboflavin on immune cells, cytokines, and heat shock proteins are described. Moreover, the immune response of endogenous riboflavin metabolites in infectious diseases, recognized by MHC-related protein-1, and then presented to mucosal associated invariant T cells, is highlighted. This information will provide a strategy to identify novel drug targets as well as highlight the possible clinical use of riboflavin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Lei
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyan Xin
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbi Chen
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyong Song
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou People's Republic of China
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7
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Garcia-Salinas S, Gámez E, Landa G, Arruebo M, Irusta S, Mendoza G. Antimicrobial Wound Dressings against Fluorescent and Methicillin-Sensitive Intracellular Pathogenic Bacteria. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:51302-51313. [PMID: 33147946 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
There is limited evidence indicating that drug-eluting dressings are clinically more effective than simple conventional dressings. To shed light on this concern, we have performed evidence-based research to evaluate the antimicrobial action of thymol (THY)-loaded antimicrobial dressings having antibiofilm forming ability, able to eradicate intracellular and extracellular pathogenic bacteria. We have used four different Staphylococcus aureus strains, including the ATCC 25923 strain, the Newman strain (methicillin-sensitive strain, MSSA) expressing the coral green fluorescent protein from the vector pCN47, and two clinical reference strains, Newman-(MSSA) and USA300-(methicillin-resistant strain), as traceable models of pathogenic bacteria commonly infecting skin and soft tissues. Compared to non-loaded dressings, THY-loaded polycaprolactone-based electrospun dressings were also able to eliminate pathogenic bacteria in coculture models based on infected murine macrophages. In addition, by using confocal microscopy and the conventional microdilution plating method, we corroborated the successful ability of THY in preventing also biofilm formation. Herein, we demonstrated that the use of wound dressings loaded with the natural monoterpenoid phenol derivative THY are able to eliminate biofilm formation and intracellular methicillin-sensitive S aureus more efficiently than with their corresponding THY-free counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Garcia-Salinas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Enrique Gámez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guillermo Landa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Gracia Mendoza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aragon Institute of Nanoscience (INA), University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio I+D, C/Mariano Esquillor S/N, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain
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8
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Hamida RS, Ali MA, Goda DA, Khalil MI, Al-Zaban MI. Novel Biogenic Silver Nanoparticle-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Inhibit the Biofilm Formation and Virulence Activities of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Strain. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:433. [PMID: 32548095 PMCID: PMC7270459 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging antibiotic-resistant bacteria result in increased mortality and have negative economic impacts. It is necessary to discover new strategies to create alternative antibacterial agents that suppress the bacterial resistance mechanism and limit the spread of serious infectious bacterial diseases. Silver nanoparticles may represent a new medicinal agents as alternative antibiotics affect different bacterial mechanisms such as virulence and resistance. In addition to that of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and ampicillin, for the first time, the inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Desertifilum sp. (D-SNPs) was evaluated against five pathogenic bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. Also, the influence of D-SNPs and AgNO3 on bacterial antioxidant and metabolic activities was studied. The antibacterial activity of D-SNPs and AgNO3 against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains was studied at the morphological and molecular level. D-SNPs and AgNO3 have the ability to inhibit the growth of the five bacterial strains and resulted in an imbalance in the CAT, GSH, GPx and ATPase levels. MRSA treated with D-SNPs and AgNO3 showed different morphological changes such as apoptotic bodies formation and cell wall damage. Moreover, both caused genotoxicity and denaturation of MRSA cellular proteins. Additionally, TEM micrographs showed the distribution of SNPs synthesized by MRSA. This result shows the ability of MRSA to reduce silver nitrate into silver nanoparticles. These data indicate that D-SNPs may be a significant alternative antibacterial agent against different bacteria, especially MDR bacteria, by targeting the virulence mechanism and biofilm formation, leading to bacterial death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Samir Hamida
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelaal Ali
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa A Goda
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Ibrahim Khalil
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mayasar Ibrahim Al-Zaban
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Riboflavin: The Health Benefits of a Forgotten Natural Vitamin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030950. [PMID: 32023913 PMCID: PMC7037471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin (RF) is a water-soluble member of the B-vitamin family. Sufficient dietary and supplemental RF intake appears to have a protective effect on various medical conditions such as sepsis, ischemia etc., while it also contributes to the reduction in the risk of some forms of cancer in humans. These biological effects of RF have been widely studied for their anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and anti-cancer properties. Moreover, the combination of RF and other compounds or drugs can have a wide variety of effects and protective properties, and diminish the toxic effect of drugs in several treatments. Research has been done in order to review the latest findings about the link between RF and different clinical aberrations. Since further studies have been published in this field, it is appropriate to consider a re-evaluation of the importance of RF in terms of its beneficial properties.
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Sultana S, Dey R, Bishayi B. Role of plasminogen activator inhibitor – 1 (PAI-1) in regulating the pathogenesis of S. aureus arthritis via plasminogen pathway. Immunol Lett 2019; 209:53-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Sun HN, Liu Y, Wang JN, Wang C, Liu R, Kong LZ, Zhen X, Chandimali N, Cui YD, Kim SU, Lee DS, Yu DY, Kim JS, Jeong DK, Kwon T, Han YH. Protective Role of Peroxiredoxin I in Heat-Killed Staphylococcus Aureus-infected Mice. In Vivo 2019; 33:749-755. [PMID: 31028193 PMCID: PMC6559896 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a major gram-positive pathogen, which can cause toxic and immunogenic injuries both in nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Peroxiredoxin (Prx) I plays crucial roles in cellular apoptosis, proliferation, and signal transduction as well as in immunoregulation. The present study aimed to investigate whether Prx I protects mice from death caused by the heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we challenged the wild-type and Prx I-deficient mice with heat-killed S. aureus (HKSA). The effects of Prx I were evaluated by a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments including western blot, Haematoxylin and Eosin staining, splenocyte analysis and cytokines analysis. RESULTS Intra-peritoneal (ip) inoculation of HKSA resulted in increased mortality of Prx I-knockout (KO) mice with severe liver damage and highly populated spleens with lymphocytes. Furthermore, HKSA infections also bursted the production of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory serum cytokines in Prx I KO compared to wild-type mice. CONCLUSION Enhanced mortality of S. aureus-infected mice with Prx I deficiency suggested that Prx I may protect against the infection-associated lethality of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Nan Wang
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Wang
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Ren Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ling-Zu Kong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xing Zhen
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisansala Chandimali
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Dong Cui
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, KNU Creative Bio Research Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeul Yu
- Disease Model Research Laboratory, Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Hao Han
- College of Life Science & Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China
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12
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Dual neutralization of TNFR-2 and MMP-2 regulates the severity of S. aureus induced septic arthritis correlating alteration in the level of interferon gamma and interleukin-10 in terms of TNFR2 blocking. Immunol Res 2019; 66:97-119. [PMID: 29218573 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8979-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Severity of S. aureus septic arthritis is correlated to prolonged inflammation by inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 even after successful elimination of bacteria. Role of TNF-α via TNFR2 is not well established in this aspect. IFN-γ induces TNF-α release from the macrophages augmenting the inflammatory arthritis. IL-10 modulates the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines promoting resolution of inflammation. TNF-α-TNFR2 signaling upregulates both of these cytokines. Higher level of MMP-2 induction by inflammatory cytokines during arthritis promotes tissue destruction. Whether dual neutralization of TNFR-2 and MMP-2 regulates the severity of S. aureus arthritis by modulating local and systemic cytokine milieu mainly due to TNFR-2 blocking was an obvious question. Here, we attempted the effects of neutralization of MMP-2 and TNFR2 on S. aureus arthritis and its impact on pro-inflammatory cytokines and some other parameters related to tissue destruction. Reduction in arthritis index was noticed in infected mice treated with both MMP-2 inhibitor and TNFR2 antibody. Lowest levels of inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, RANKL, NF-κb, JNK kinase, ROS, and MPO, and lysozyme activity were observed in combined neutralization group at 9 and 15 dpi, but at 3 dpi, most of the above parameters remained elevated due to TNFR2 neutralization. Diminished IL-10 and IFN-γ levels as a result of TNFR2 neutralization at early and later phase of infection respectively might be responsible for these contrasting effects. Overall, it can be suggested that administration of MMP-2 inhibitor and TNFR2 antibody in combination is protective against the inflammation and tissue destruction associated with S. aureus infection during the arthritic episode.
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13
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Long L, Pang XX, Lei F, Zhang JS, Wang W, Liao LD, Xu XE, He JZ, Wu JY, Wu ZY, Wang LD, Lin DC, Li EM, Xu LY. SLC52A3 expression is activated by NF-κB p65/Rel-B and serves as a prognostic biomarker in esophageal cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2643-2661. [PMID: 29428966 PMCID: PMC6003972 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2757-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The human riboflavin transporter-3 (encoded by SLC52A3) plays a prominent role in riboflavin absorption. Interestingly, abnormal expression patterns of SLC52A3 in multiple types of human cancers have been recently noted. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its dysregulation remain unclear. In this study, we find that SLC52A3 has two transcript variants that differ in the transcriptional start site, and encode different proteins: SLC52A3a and SLC52A3b. Importantly, aberrant expressions of SLC52A3 are associated with stepwise development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as well as the survival rates of ESCC patients. Functionally, SLC52A3a, but not SLC52A3b, strongly promotes the proliferation and colony formation of ESCC cells. Furthermore, SLC52A3 5'-flanking regions contain NF-κB p65/Rel-B-binding sites, which are crucial for mediating SLC52A3 transcriptional activity in ESCC cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay reveal that p65/Rel-B bind to 5'-flanking regions of SLC52A3. Accordingly, NF-κB signaling upregulates SLC52A3 transcription upon TNFα stimulation. Taken together, these results elucidate the mechanisms underlying SLC52A3 overexpression in ESCC. More importantly, our findings identify SLC52A3 as both a predictive and prognostic biomarker for this deadly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lian-Di Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Zhong He
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Yi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- Department of Oncology Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shantou, China
| | - Li-Dong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, Department of Basic Oncology and Pathology at College of Medicine, The First and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - De-Chen Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Research Center of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China.
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Sultana S, Adhikary R, Bishayi B. Neutralization of MMP-2 and TNFR1 Regulates the Severity of S. aureus-Induced Septic Arthritis by Differential Alteration of Local and Systemic Proinflammatory Cytokines in Mice. Inflammation 2018; 40:1028-1050. [PMID: 28326455 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite advancement in the field of antibiotics septic arthritis remains a serious concern till date. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacterium that causes septic arthritis. Severity of this disease is directly correlated with chronic inflammation induced by proinflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) including MMP-2. The objective of our study was to evaluate the role of MMP-2 and tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infection-induced septic arthritis. Mice were infected with live S. aureus (5 × 106 cells/ml) followed by administration of MMP-2 inhibitor and TNFR1 antibody. Arthritis index showed highest reduction in severity of arthritis in mice treated with both MMP-2 inhibitor and TNFR1 antibody after infection. Combined neutralization of MMP-2 and TNFR1 led to marked diminution in bacterial count in the combined group. Lowest levels of pro inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ were observed in both serum and synovial tissues indicating maximum protection in S. aureus arthritis during combination treatment. Increment in the level of IL-10 in the combination group could be positively correlated with the recovery of arthritis. Similarly, expressions of COX-2 and iNOS, markers of acute inflammation were also significantly reduced in the combination group due to resolution of inflammation. Levels of O2.- and NO also showed a significant fall in case of the group treated with MMP-2 inhibitor and TNFR1 antibody both. Neutralization of both MMP-2 and TNFR1 caused rapid decline in recruitment of neutrophil and macrophages in the synovial tissues as evident from reduced MPO and MCP-1 levels, respectively, compared to other groups. Overall, it can be suggested that administration of MMP-2 inhibitor and TNFR1 antibody in combination is protective against the severity of inflammation and cartilage destruction associated with S. aureus infection-induced septic arthritis by altering the levels of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahin Sultana
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700009, India
| | - Rana Adhikary
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700009, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta, West Bengal, 700009, India.
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15
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Dey S, Bishayi B. Killing of S. aureus in murine peritoneal macrophages by Ascorbic acid along with antibiotics Chloramphenicol or Ofloxacin: Correlation with inflammation. Microb Pathog 2018; 115:239-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sultana S, Bishayi B. Neutralization of TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 modulates S. aureus induced septic arthritis by regulating the levels of pro inflammatory and anti inflammatory cytokines during the progression of the disease. Immunol Lett 2018; 196:33-51. [PMID: 29339199 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal septic arthritis remains a serious medical concern due to rapid and sustained production of inflammatory cytokines that leads to progressive and irreversible joint destruction with high mortality rate in patients despite adequate antibiotics treatment. TNF-α signalling via TNFR-1 contributes to arthritic destruction by aggravating inflammation. Impact of TNFR-2 signalling is not well established in this aspect. Hence the objective of our study was to evaluate the role of dual neutralization TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infection induced septic arthritis. Mice were infected with live S. aureus (5 × 106 cells/ml) followed by administration of TNFR-1and TNFR-2 neutralizing antibody. To measure arthritis index and osteoclastogenesis, histology result in joint tissue and TRAP staining images of arthritis joints have been performed respectively. Maximum reduction in the joint and paw swelling was observed in infected mice treated with both TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 antibody. NF-κB signalling was found to be mainly regulated by TNFR-1 whereas TNFR-2 significantly modulated JNK pathway. Lowest levels of inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ were observed in both serum and synovial tissues signifying maximum protection in S. aureus arthritis during combination treatment. However IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were significantly altered by TNFR-2 neutralization that indicates both pro and anti inflammatory role of TNFR-2 respectively. Highest decrement in ROS concentration, iNOS expression with least MPO and lysozyme activity was detected in case of combined neutralization. During the early phase of infection all the aforesaid inflammatory parameters remained elevated due to lack of IL-10 as a result of TNFR-2 neutralization as IL-10 negatively modulates pro inflammatory cytokines. Increase in inflammatory cytokines during early phase might also be responsible for decreased bacterial count in TNFR-2 neutralized groups. Thus it can be suggested that combined administration of TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 antibody has a beneficial effect against the severity of S. aureus induced arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahin Sultana
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700 009, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology and Microbiology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700 009, West Bengal, India.
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17
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Staurengo-Ferrari L, Ruiz-Miyazawa KW, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Domiciano TP, Fattori V, Mizokami SS, Pelayo JS, Bordignon J, Figueiredo F, Casagrande R, Miranda KM, Verri WA. The nitroxyl donor Angeli's salt ameliorates Staphylococcus aureus-induced septic arthritis in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:487-499. [PMID: 28419865 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Septic arthritis is a severe and rapidly debilitating disease associated with severe joint pain, inflammation and oxidative stress. Nitroxyl (HNO) has become a nitrogen oxide of significant interest due to its pharmacological endpoints that are potentially favorable for treating varied diseases. However, whether HNO also serves as a treatment to septic arthritis is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the HNO donor, Angeli's salt (AS), in the outcome of chronic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced septic arthritis in mice. Daily treatment with AS inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia and inflammation (edema, leukocyte migration, cytokines release and NF-κB activation, and oxidative stress) resulting in reduced disease severity (clinical course, histopathological changes, proteoglycan levels in the joints, and osteoclastogenesis). In addition, AS decreased the number of S. aureus colony forming unities in synovial tissue, enhanced the bactericidal effect of macrophages and inhibited the worsening of systemic inflammatory response (leukocyte counts in the lung and systemic proinflammatory cytokine concentration). Our results suggest for the first time the therapeutic potential of AS in a model of septic arthritis by mechanisms involving microbicidal effects, anti-inflammatory actions and reduction of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Staurengo-Ferrari
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Cx Postal 10011, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Kenji W Ruiz-Miyazawa
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Cx Postal 10011, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Felipe A Pinho-Ribeiro
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Cx Postal 10011, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Talita P Domiciano
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Cx Postal 10011, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victor Fattori
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Cx Postal 10011, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sandra S Mizokami
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Cx Postal 10011, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jacinta S Pelayo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Cx Postal 10011, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliano Bordignon
- Laboratorio de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas, FIOCRUZ, CEP 81350-010 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Florêncio Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, CEP 70910-900 Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Healthy Sciences Centre, Londrina State University, Av. Robert Koch, 60, CEP 86038-350 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Katrina M Miranda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid KM480 PR445, Cx Postal 10011, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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18
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Menezes RR, Godin AM, Rodrigues FF, Coura GME, Melo ISF, Brito AMS, Bertollo CM, Paulino TP, Rachid MA, Machado RR, Coelho MM. Thiamine and riboflavin inhibit production of cytokines and increase the anti-inflammatory activity of a corticosteroid in a chronic model of inflammation induced by complete Freund's adjuvant. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:1036-1043. [PMID: 28958614 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects induced by thiamine and riboflavin, isolated or in association with corticosteroids, in models of chronic inflammation are not known. Thus, we evaluated the effect induced by these B vitamins, isolated or in association with dexamethasone, on the mechanical allodynia, paw edema and cytokine production induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats. METHODS Chronic inflammation was induced by two injections of CFA. Nociceptive threshold, paw volume and body temperature were evaluated for 21days. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) contents were determined in paw tissue. Riboflavin (125, 250 or 500mg/kg) or thiamine (150, 300 or 600mg/kg) were administered per os (po), twice daily. Dexamethasone (0.5mg/kgday, po) was administered every three days. RESULTS CFA induced long lasting mechanical allodynia and paw edema. Elevation of body temperature was observed for a short period. Riboflavin reduced neither paw edema nor mechanical allodynia. Thiamine did not change paw edema, but partially inhibited mechanical allodynia. Riboflavin (500mg/kg) and thiamine (600mg/kg) exacerbated the anti-inflammatory activity of dexamethasone. Riboflavin, thiamine and dexamethasone reduced TNF-α and IL-6 production. The association of dexamethasone with thiamine induced greater inhibition of IL-6 production when compared with that induced by dexamethasone. CONCLUSIONS Riboflavin and thiamine exacerbate the anti-inflammatory activity of dexamethasone and reduce production of TNF-α and IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel R Menezes
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana M Godin
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Fernandes Rodrigues
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovanna M E Coura
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ivo S F Melo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Mercy S Brito
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caryne M Bertollo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tony P Paulino
- Centro de Formação Especial em Saúde, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Milene A Rachid
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renes R Machado
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcio M Coelho
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Nandi A, Bishayi B. CCR-2 neutralization augments murine fresh BMC activation by Staphylococcus aureus via two distinct mechanisms: at the level of ROS production and cytokine response. Innate Immun 2017; 23:345-372. [PMID: 28409543 DOI: 10.1177/1753425917697806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR-2 signaling regulates recruitment of monocytes from the bone marrow into the bloodstream and then to sites of infection. We sought to determine whether CCL-2/CCR-2 signaling is involved in the killing of Staphylococcus aureus by murine bone marrow cells (BMCs). The intermittent link of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-NF-κB/p38-MAPK-mediated CCL-2 production in CCR-2 signaling prompted us to determine whether neutralization of CCR-2 augments the response of murine fresh BMCs (FBMCs) after S. aureus infection. It was observed that anti-CCR-2 Ab-treated FBMCs released fewer ROS on encountering S. aureus infection than CCR-2 non-neutralized FBMCs, also correlating with reduced killing of S. aureus in CCR-2 neutralized FBMCs. Staphylococcal catalase and SOD were also found to play a role in protecting S. aureus from the ROS-mediated killing of FBMC. S. aureus infection of CCR-2 intact FBMCs pre-treated with either NF-κB or p-38-MAPK blocker induced less CCL-2, suggesting that NF-κB or p-38-MAPK is required for CCL-2 production by FBMCs. Moreover, blocking of CCR-2 along with NF-κB or p-38-MAPK resulted in elevated CCL-2 production and reduced CCR-2 expression. Inhibition of CCR-2 impairs the response of murine BMCs to S. aureus infection by attenuation ROS production and modulating the cytokine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeya Nandi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, West Bengal, India
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20
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Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Melatonin in Acute Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Infection-Induced Inflammation and Associated Behavioral Response in Mice After Exposure to Short Photoperiod. Inflammation 2017; 39:2072-2093. [PMID: 27682182 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The administration of melatonin during acute bacterial infection was evaluated in this study. Mice pre-exposed to normal photoperiodic (NP), short photoperiodic (SP), and long photoperiodic (LP) day lengths were infected separately with live Staphylococcus aureus (5 × 106 cells/ml) or Escherichia coli (2.5 × 107 colony-forming units/ml) and treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg body weight). Behavioral studies were performed before bacterial infection and after melatonin administration. In mice pre-exposed to SP, exogenous melatonin administration resulted in better clearance of bacteria from blood and behavioral improvement. Reduced glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activities were increased, with concomitant decrease in lipid peroxidation content and catalase activities in the liver, brain, and spleen after exogenous melatonin administration. The overproduction of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-6 during acute bacterial infection in mice exposed to different photoperiods was probably regulated by the administration of exogenous melatonin, by reducing neutrophil recruitment to spleen, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in hypothalamus, and C-reactive protein in the serum, and was also associated with improved behavioral response. Photoperiodic variations in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers might be correlated to serum melatonin and corticosterone levels. This study suggests that the administration of melatonin during SP exposure is protective in infection-induced inflammation than NP and LP exposure.
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Dey S, Bishayi B. Riboflavin along with antibiotics balances reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines and controls Staphylococcus aureus infection by boosting murine macrophage function and regulates inflammation. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2016; 13:36. [PMID: 27932936 PMCID: PMC5126841 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-016-0145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Macrophages serve as intracellular reservoirs of S. aureus. Recent in vitro studies have confirmed high level resistance by S. aureus to macrophage mediated killing and the intracellular persistence of Staphylococci may play an important role in the pathogenesis. Since this localization protects them from both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses, therefore, a successful anti-staphylococcal therapy should include the elimination of intracellular bacteria, further protecting the host cells from staphylococci-induced cell death. So, only antibiotic therapy may not be helpful, successful therapy needs combination of drugs not only for elimination of pathogen but also for rescuing the host cell for S. aureus induced cell death. Methods In keeping with this idea an in vitro study has been done to examine the effect of Riboflavin along with antibiotics on phagocytosis, hydorgen peroxide, superoxide production, antioxidant enzyme levels, and cytokine levels in mouse macrophages for amelioration of the Staphylococcus aureus burden. The immune boosting effects of Riboflavin have been validated through perturbations of redox homeostasis and pro-inflammatory cytokines measurements. Results It was observed that the supplementation of Vitamin B-2 (Riboflavin) not only enhances macrophage function as previously reported but also decreases pro-inflammatory responses in Staphylococcus aureus infected macrophages. The observed influence of Riboflavin on enhanced antimicrobial effects such as enhanced phagocytosis of macrophages exposed to S. aureus, hydrogen peroxide or superoxide production when combined with either ciprofloxacin (CIP) or Azithromycin (AZM) and decrease in pro-inflammatory responses of IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-1β. Riboflavin treatment also decreased NO and TNF-α level possibly by inhibiting the NF-κβ pathway. The increased antioxidant enzymes like glutathione reductase, SOD and GSH level helped in maintaining a stable redox state in the cell. Conclusion Riboflavin plus antibiotic pretreatment not only enhances macrophage functions but also decreases proinflammatory responses in Staphylococcus aureus infected macrophages indicating better bacterial clearance and regulated inflammation which may be considered as a novel and important therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somrita Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta, 700009 West Bengal India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 A.P.C. Road, Calcutta, 700009 West Bengal India
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22
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Neutralization of MMP-2 protects Staphylococcus aureus infection induced septic arthritis in mice and regulates the levels of cytokines. Microb Pathog 2016; 99:148-161. [PMID: 27554276 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are crucial players in Staphylococcus aureus mediated synovial tissue destruction in the pathogenesis of septic arthritis. Bacterial insult increases proteolytic matrix fragments by activated chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts leading to induction of matrix metalloproteinases. Tissue destruction via MMPs induced by bacterial products, necrotic tissues and proinflammatory cytokines have been reported. Cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β released from host cells in response to S. aureus infection promote cartilage degradation by stimulating the production of MMPs. Antibiotic treatment can eradicate invading bacteria but elevated levels of cytokines and cytokines induced MMPs activation lead to progressive and devastating bone and cartilage destruction even after bacterial clearance. Like other MMPs, MMP-2 also contributes to extracellular matrix degradation in different types of arthritis. Release of certain pro inflammatory cytokines can also be regulated by MMP-2 activation leading to further tissue destruction. The role of MMP-2 in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infection induced septic arthritis and its influence on cytokines regulation needs further investigation. Whether neutralization of MMP-2 provides protection against Staphylococcus aureus infection induced septic arthritis in mice is an obvious question. Here we reported that neutralization of MMP-2 during S. aureus infection induced septic arthritis might be beneficial for preventing infection induced extracellular matrix destruction thereby decreasing bacterial burden in synovial tissues and regulating inflammatory cytokines in arthritic mice.
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Ataee RA, Kashefi R, Alishiri GH, Esmaieli D. Assay of Blood and Synovial Fluid of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis for Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin D: Absence of Bacteria But Presence of Its Toxin. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e28395. [PMID: 26870313 PMCID: PMC4746793 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.28395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common chronic inflammatory disease. The staphylococcal superantigens are considered as the causative agent of RA disease. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin D in synovial fluid and blood of patients with RA. Patients and Methods: A total of 120 blood and SF samples of patients with RA were studied. Bacterial culture, primer pairs design, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods have been used to assess of the staphylococcal enterotoxin D. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results: During this study and after sequential subcultures, only 5 bacterial strains were isolated. The results of PCR showed the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin D gene in almost 50% of SF and also in 48.4% of blood samples of patients with RA. Similarly, the ELISA method detected staphylococcal enterotoxin D in 36.16% of SF and in 33.33% of blood of patients with RA. Conclusions: The result of this study showed that a high percentage of patients with RA have shown staphylococcal enterotoxin D (superantigen D) or entD gene in SF and in blood. However, the origin of this superantigen was not clarified and no Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin D producer was isolated. This finding indicates other role of this superantigen besides its intoxication. Therefore, staphylococcal enterotoxin D as a biomarker may provide a good model for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramezan Ali Ataee
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Reyhane Kashefi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Reyhane Kashefi, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-989122190418, Fax: +98-2126127258, E-mail:
| | - Gholam Hossein Alishiri
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Davoud Esmaieli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Thakur K, Tomar SK, De S. Lactic acid bacteria as a cell factory for riboflavin production. Microb Biotechnol 2015; 9:441-51. [PMID: 26686515 PMCID: PMC4919986 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumers are increasingly becoming aware of their health and nutritional requirements, and in this context, vitamins produced in situ by microbes may suit their needs and expectations. B groups vitamins are essential components of cellular metabolism and among them riboflavin is one of the vital vitamins required by bacteria, plants, animals and humans. Here, we focus on the importance of microbial production of riboflavin over chemical synthesis. In addition, genetic abilities for riboflavin biosynthesis by lactic acid bacteria are discussed. Genetically modified strains by employing genetic engineering and chemical analogues have been developed to enhance riboflavin production. The present review attempts to collect the currently available information on riboflavin production by microbes in general, while placing greater emphasis on food grade lactic acid bacteria and human gut commensals. For designing riboflavin‐enriched functional foods, proper selection and exploitation of riboflavin‐producing lactic acid bacteria is essential. Moreover, eliminating the in situ vitamin fortification step will decrease the cost of food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Thakur
- Division of Dairy Microbiology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Tomar
- Division of Dairy Microbiology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sachinandan De
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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25
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Systemic Staphylococcus aureus infection in restraint stressed mice modulates impaired immune response resulting in improved behavioral activities. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 288:102-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Mazur-Bialy AI, Pocheć E. HMGB1 Inhibition During Zymosan-Induced Inflammation: The Potential Therapeutic Action of Riboflavin. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2015; 64:171-6. [PMID: 26445809 PMCID: PMC4805693 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-015-0366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis, also known as systemic inflammatory response syndrome, is a life-threatening condition caused by a pathogenic agent and leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. One of the factors responsible for the excessive intensification of the inflammatory response in the course of inflammation is high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1). HMG-1 is a nuclear protein which, after being released to the intercellular space, has a highly pro-inflammatory effect and acts as a late mediator of lethal damage. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the anti-inflammatory action of riboflavin is accompanied by inhibition of HMGB1 release during peritoneal inflammation and zymosan stimulation of macrophages. Peritonitis was induced in male BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice via intraperitoneal injection of zymosan (40 mg/kg). RAW 264.7 macrophages were activated with zymosan (250 µg/ml). Riboflavin (mice, 50 mg/kg; RAW 264.7, 25 µg/ml) was administered 30 min before zymosan, simultaneously with, or 2, 4, 6 h after zymosan. Additionally, mRNA expression of HMGB1 and its intracellular and serum levels were evaluated. The research showed that riboflavin significantly reduces both the expression and the release of HMGB1; however, the effect of riboflavin was time-dependent. The greatest efficacy was found when riboflavin was given 30 min prior to zymosan, and also 2 and 4 h (C57BL/6J; RAW 264.7) or 4 and 6 h (BALB/c) after zymosan. Research showed that riboflavin influences the level of HMGB1 released in the course of inflammation; however, further study is necessary to determine its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Irena Mazur-Bialy
- Department of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Science, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 20, 31-531, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Pocheć
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Dey S, Bishayi B. Killing of Staphylococcus aureus in murine macrophages by chloroquine used alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin or azithromycin. J Inflamm Res 2015; 8:29-47. [PMID: 25653549 PMCID: PMC4309780 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s76045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine any alteration in the killing of Staphylococcus aureus in murine peritoneal macrophages when chloroquine (CQ) is used alone compared with when it is used in combination with ciprofloxacin (CIP) or azithromycin (AZM). The study also aimed to find out the implication of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytokine release in the intracellular killing of S. aureus in macrophages. We present here data obtained with a model of S. aureus-infected mouse peritoneal macrophages in which the intracellular growth of the bacteria and the influence of antibiotics was monitored for 30, 60, and 90 minutes in the presence or absence of CQ along with the production of ROS and alteration in levels of antioxidant enzymes and cytokines. It was observed that S. aureus-triggered cytokine response was regulated when macrophages were co-cultured with CQ and AZM as compared with CQ stimulation only. It can be suggested that action of AZM in mediating bacterial killing is enhanced by the presence of CQ, indicating enhanced uptake of AZM during early infection that may be essential for bacteria killing by AZM. Reduction of oxidative stress burden on the S. aureus-infected macrophages may pave the way for better killing of internalized S. aureus by CQ plus ciprofloxacin (CIP) or CQ plus AZM. Based on these observations, one may speculate that in an inflammatory milieu, CQ loaded with AZM elicits a stronger proinflammatory response by increasing the intracellular uptake of AZM or CIP, thus enabling the immune system to mount a more robust and prolonged response against intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somrita Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, Calcutta, India
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I n Vitro Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Ciprofloxacin or Azithromycin in Staphylococcus aureus-Stimulated Murine Macrophages are Beneficial in the Presence of Cytochalasin D. Inflammation 2014; 38:1050-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-0070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Expression of CXCR1 (Interleukin-8 Receptor) in Murine Macrophages After Staphylococcus aureus Infection and its Possible Implication on Intracellular Survival Correlating with Cytokines and Bacterial Anti-Oxidant Enzymes. Inflammation 2014; 38:812-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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30
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Juarez del Valle M, Laiño J, Savoy de Giori G, LeBlanc J. Riboflavin producing lactic acid bacteria as a biotechnological strategy to obtain bio-enriched soymilk. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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31
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Bishayi B, Bandyopadhyay D, Majhi A, Adhikary R. Possible Role of Toll-like Receptor-2 in the Intracellular Survival ofStaphylococcus aureusin Murine Peritoneal Macrophages: Involvement of Cytokines and Anti-Oxidant Enzymes. Scand J Immunol 2014; 80:127-43. [PMID: 24846691 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory; University of Calcutta; University Colleges of Science and Technology; Calcutta West Bengal India
| | - D. Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Physiology, Oxidative Stress and Free Radical Biology Laboratory; University of Calcutta; University Colleges of Science and Technology; Calcutta West Bengal India
| | - A. Majhi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory; University of Calcutta; University Colleges of Science and Technology; Calcutta West Bengal India
| | - R. Adhikary
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory; University of Calcutta; University Colleges of Science and Technology; Calcutta West Bengal India
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Septic arthritis: immunopathogenesis, experimental models and therapy. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2014; 20:19. [PMID: 24822058 PMCID: PMC4017707 DOI: 10.1186/1678-9199-20-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic arthritis is an inflammatory disease of the joints that is started by an infection whose most common agent is Staphylococcus aureus. In this review we discuss some of the most arthritogenic bacterial factors and the contribution of innate and specific immune mechanisms to joint destruction. Special emphasis is given to the induction of experimental arthritis by S. aureus in mice. The improvement of therapy by association of antibiotics with down-modulation of immunity is also included.
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Kohanawa M, Zhao S, Ozaki M, Haga S, Nan G, Kuge Y, Tamaki N. Contribution of toll-like receptor 2 to the innate response against Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74287. [PMID: 24058538 PMCID: PMC3772844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen that causes a wide range of infectious diseases. The function of TLRs, specifically TLR2, during S. aureus infection is still debated. In this study, we investigated the extent to which TLR2 contributes to the host innate response against the bacterial infection using TLR2-deficient mice. Intravenous inoculation with S. aureus resulted in all TLR2-deficient mice dying within 4 d, along with a high bacterial burden in the livers. However, histological examination showed the same degree of macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the livers of infected TLR2-deficient mice as that in infected wild-type (WT) mice. TLR2-deficient mouse macrophages also showed normal phagocytic activity, although they failed to express CD36 that appeared on the surface of WT mouse cells upon challenge with heat-killed S. aureus. These data indicate that TLR2, as well as CD36, does not directly affect S. aureus clearance and that CD36 expression on macrophages depends on the presence of TLR2. In vivo infection with S. aureus caused significantly elevated production of TNF-α and IL-6 in the livers and blood of TLR2-deficient mice compared with those in WT mice, while the hepatic and serum levels of IL-10 decreased in these mice. In contrast, lower expression of IL-6 and IL-10, but not of TNF-α, at both the gene and protein levels was found in TLR2-deficient mouse macrophages compared to that in WT mouse cells, in response to challenge with heat-killed S. aureus. These findings suggest that the S. aureus-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine response is not dependent on macrophages and that TLR2 deficiency results in decreased IL-10 release by macrophages, which contributes to dysregulated cytokine balance, impaired bacterial clearance, and mouse death. Therefore, TLR2 possesses a protective function during S. aureus infection by regulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses.
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