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Hu D, Yao Q. Using blood TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand levels to discriminate between viral and bacterial infections: A prospective observational study. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 110:116443. [PMID: 39032319 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the investigation was to evaluate variations in blood TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) levels between patients with viral and bacterial infections and the diagnostic performance of TRAIL for identifying viral and bacterial infections. METHODS The investigation included 169 adult (>18 years) patients presenting with medical signs of acute infections (inclusion criteria included a body temperature over 37.5 °C, an onset of symptoms no more than 12 days). Reference standard was based on a rigorous expert panel and the majority of the panel determined the infectious etiology. Finally, 104 patients with 78 bacterial and 26 viral reference standard outcomes were enrolled in this investigation (24 were eliminated depending on the exclusion criteria; 41 had indeterminate reference standard diagnosis). ELISA was employed to measure TRAIL levels in the group of 78 subjects with bacterial infections and 26 individuals with viral infections, and the diagnostic performance of TRAIL was identified by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. RESULTS The TRAIL level in individuals with bacterial infections was significantly lower than that in subjects with viral infections (16.59 (2.61-32.6) pg/mL vs. 97.39 (36.18-127.74) pg/mL, P < 0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of TRAIL was 0.86 (95 %CI:0.79 to 0.94) for identifying bacterial and viral infections. Combining TRAIL with C-reactive protein (CRP), the AUC was 0.94 (95 %CI:0.89 to 1.00). CONCLUSIONS TRAIL is diagnostic for discriminating between viral and bacterial infections. Combining TRAIL with CRP increases the AUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Hu
- Geriatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Qi Yao
- Geriatric Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, PR China.
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Panda SP, Kesharwani A, Singh M, Kumar S, Mayank, Mallick SP, Guru A. Limonin (LM) and its derivatives: Unveiling the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of LM and V-A-4 in the management of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Fitoterapia 2024; 178:106173. [PMID: 39117089 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis are central pathogenic consequences associated with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Limonin (LM), a tetracyclic triterpenoid available in citrus fruits, has anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective actions. LM derivative, V-A-4 emerged as a potential neuroprotective drug due to their ability to target multiple molecular pathways intertwined with neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis. To date, the treatment of AD and PD is not successful even though the understanding of the mechanism of neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis is vast in the literature. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify novel neuroprotective drugs that could target the multiple molecular pathways associated with neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis. The various online databases (Google scholar, Pubmed, Scopus) were searched via keywords: limonin, limonin derivatives and neuroprotection. This review highlights the multifunctional nature of LM and derivatives in combating neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis by stimulating PI3K/AKT and downregulating TLR4/NF-κB critical pathways. By intervening in the secretion of NO and TNF-α from glial cells, V-A-4 attenuates the damaging cascade of neuroinflammation by suppressing IKK-α and IKK-β. Furthermore, V-A-4 demonstrates its versatility by suppressing the manifestation of miR-146a and miR-155, both intimately linked to neuroinflammation, this review summarized the activities of LM and its derivatives against AD and PD, with a special focus on V-A-4 as an effective neuroprotective drug. V-A-4's ability to stimulate PI3K/AKT signaling further underscores its neuroprotective effect in combating AD and PD. More in-vitro cell line studies are needed to develop V-A-4 as an upcoming neuroprotective compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Adarsh Kesharwani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mansi Singh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India; Rakshpal bahadur College of Pharmacy, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjesh Kumar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India; Rakshpal bahadur College of Pharmacy, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mayank
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarada Prasanna Mallick
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, Andhrapradesh, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Chen WC, Hu SY, Cheng CM, Shen CF, Chuang HY, Ker CR, Sun DJ, Shen CJ. TRAIL and IP-10 dynamics in pregnant women post COVID-19 vaccination: associations with neutralizing antibody potency. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1358967. [PMID: 38572318 PMCID: PMC10987851 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1358967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study is to investigate changes in TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and gamma interferon-induced protein 10 (IP-10) after COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women and to explore their association with neutralizing antibody (Nab) inhibition. Methods The study evaluated 93 pregnant women who had previously received two (n=21), three (n=55) or four (n=17) doses of COVID-19 vaccine. Also we evaluated maternal blood samples that were collected during childbirth. The levels of TRAIL, IP-10 and Nab inhibition were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results and discussion Our study revealed four-dose group resulted in lower TRAIL levels when compared to the two-dose and three-dose groups (4.78 vs. 16.07 vs. 21.61 pg/ml, p = 0.014). The two-dose group had reduced IP-10 levels than the three-dose cohort (111.49 vs. 147.89 pg/ml, p=0.013), with no significant variation compared to the four-dose group. In addition, the four-dose group showed stronger Nab inhibition against specific strains (BA.2 and BA.5) than the three-dose group. A positive correlation was observed between TRAIL and IP-10 in the two-dose group, while this relationship was not found in other dose groups or between TRAIL/IP-10 and Nab inhibition. As the doses of the COVID-19 vaccine increase, the levels of TRAIL and IP-10 generally increase, only by the fourth dose, the group previously vaccinated with AZD1222 showed lower TRAIL but higher IP-10. Despite these changes, more doses of the vaccine consistently reinforced Nab inhibition, apparently without any relation to TRAIL and IP-10 levels. The variation may indicate the induction of immunological memory in vaccinated mothers, which justifies further research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New Taipei City Municipal Tucheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Fen Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Chuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Ru Ker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Der-Ji Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pojen Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ju Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Bernardi L, Bossù G, Dal Canto G, Giannì G, Esposito S. Biomarkers for Serious Bacterial Infections in Febrile Children. Biomolecules 2024; 14:97. [PMID: 38254697 PMCID: PMC10813546 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Febrile infections in children are a common cause of presentation to the emergency department (ED). While viral infections are usually self-limiting, sometimes bacterial illnesses may lead to sepsis and severe complications. Inflammatory biomarkers such as C reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin are usually the first blood exams performed in the ED to differentiate bacterial and viral infections; nowadays, a better understanding of immunochemical pathways has led to the discovery of new and more specific biomarkers that could play a role in the emergency setting. The aim of this narrative review is to provide the most recent evidence on biomarkers and predictor models, combining them for serious bacterial infection (SBI) diagnosis in febrile children. Literature analysis shows that inflammatory response is a complex mechanism in which many biochemical and immunological factors contribute to the host response in SBI. CRP and procalcitonin still represent the most used biomarkers in the pediatric ED for the diagnosis of SBI. Their sensibility and sensitivity increase when combined, and for this reason, it is reasonable to take them both into consideration in the evaluation of febrile children. The potential of machine learning tools, which represent a real novelty in medical practice, in conjunction with routine clinical and biological information, may improve the accuracy of diagnosis and target therapeutic options in SBI. However, studies on this matter are not yet validated in younger populations, making their relevance in pediatric precision medicine still uncertain. More data from further research are needed to improve clinical practice and decision making using these new technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.B.); (G.B.); (G.D.C.); (G.G.)
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Papareddy P, Selle M, Partouche N, Legros V, Rieu B, Olinder J, Ryden C, Bartakova E, Holub M, Jung K, Pottecher J, Herwald H. Identifying biomarkers deciphering sepsis from trauma-induced sterile inflammation and trauma-induced sepsis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1310271. [PMID: 38283341 PMCID: PMC10820703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1310271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to identify a panel of biomarkers for distinguishing early stage sepsis patients from non-infected trauma patients. Background Accurate differentiation between trauma-induced sterile inflammation and real infective sepsis poses a complex life-threatening medical challenge because of their common symptoms albeit diverging clinical implications, namely different therapies. The timely and accurate identification of sepsis in trauma patients is therefore vital to ensure prompt and tailored medical interventions (provision of adequate antimicrobial agents and if possible eradication of infective foci) that can ultimately lead to improved therapeutic management and patient outcome. The adequate withholding of antimicrobials in trauma patients without sepsis is also important in aspects of both patient and environmental perspective. Methods In this proof-of-concept study, we employed advanced technologies, including Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) and multiplex antibody arrays (MAA) to identify a panel of biomarkers distinguishing actual sepsis from trauma-induced sterile inflammation. Results By comparing patient groups (controls, infected and non-infected trauma and septic shock patients under mechanical ventilation) at different time points, we uncovered distinct protein patterns associated with early trauma-induced sterile inflammation on the one hand and sepsis on the other hand. SYT13 and IL1F10 emerged as potential early sepsis biomarkers, while reduced levels of A2M were indicative of both trauma-induced inflammation and sepsis conditions. Additionally, higher levels of TREM1 were associated at a later stage in trauma patients. Furthermore, enrichment analyses revealed differences in the inflammatory response between trauma-induced inflammation and sepsis, with proteins related to complement and coagulation cascades being elevated whereas proteins relevant to focal adhesion were diminished in sepsis. Conclusions Our findings, therefore, suggest that a combination of biomarkers is needed for the development of novel diagnostic approaches deciphering trauma-induced sterile inflammation from actual infective sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Papareddy
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Selle
- Genomics and Bioinformatics of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Animal Genomics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nicolas Partouche
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service d’Anesthésie-Réanimation & Médecine Péri-opératoire - Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Legros
- Département d’Anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Peri-Operatoire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU) de Reims, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Benjamin Rieu
- Réanimation Médico-Chirurgicale, Trauma Center, Pôle Médecine Péri-Opératoire, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire (CHU) de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Jon Olinder
- Division of Infection Medicine, Helsingborg Hospital and Department of Clinical Sciences Helsingborg, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Ryden
- Division of Infection Medicine, Helsingborg Hospital and Department of Clinical Sciences Helsingborg, Lund University, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Eva Bartakova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michal Holub
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Military University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Klaus Jung
- Genomics and Bioinformatics of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Animal Genomics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julien Pottecher
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Service d’Anesthésie-Réanimation & Médecine Péri-opératoire - Université de Strasbourg, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Heiko Herwald
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Lv HF, Qin LF, Ran RZ, Jiang XP, Zhao FY, Li B. Efficacy and safety of docetaxel plus S-1-based therapy in gastric cancer: a quantitative evidence synthesis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1242548. [PMID: 38259276 PMCID: PMC10800465 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1242548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of docetaxel plus S-1-based therapy in gastric cancer treatment. Methods: PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials on docetaxel plus S-1-based therapy in the treatment of gastric cancer from the establishment of the database to 1 September 2022. Relevant studies were included per pre-defined eligibility criteria, and two researchers independently screened and assessed the included literature using Review Manager v5. Outcome measures and statistics related with efficacy and safety profiles were extracted from the included studies, and Stata v15.1 was used for pooled analysis. Results: Objective response rate (odds ratio = 2.34, 95% CI = [1.32, 4.13], p = 0.003), relapse-free survival (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = [0.58, 0.79], p < 0.001), progression-free survival (HR = 0.81, 95% CI = [0.68, 0.96], p = 0.016), and overall survival (HR = 0.86, 95% CI = [0.79, 0.95], p = 0.002) of docetaxel plus S-1-based therapy (DS-based therapy) in gastric cancer treatment were better than those of the non-DS-based therapy. However, DS-based therapy was associated with increased risk of certain adverse drug effects, such as alopecia, leukopenia, and oral mucositis. Further studies are warranted to validate the efficacy superiority of DS-based versus non-DS-based regimens as per our trial sequential analysis findings. Conclusion: DS-based therapy significantly improves patients' clinical outcomes in gastric cancer, albeit at the cost of increased toxicity. Further RCTs are needed to confirm the efficacy superiority of DS-based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fen Lv
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Occurrence and Intervention of Rheumatic Diseases, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Health Science Center, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Li-Feng Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Ran
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Xue-Ping Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Fang-Yu Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Health Science Center, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
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Vlachava VM, Seirafian S, Fielding CA, Kollnberger S, Aicheler RJ, Hughes J, Baker A, Weekes MP, Forbes S, Wilkinson GWG, Wang ECY, Stanton RJ. HCMV-secreted glycoprotein gpUL4 inhibits TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and NK cell activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309077120. [PMID: 38011551 PMCID: PMC10710050 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309077120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a paradigm of pathogen immune evasion and sustains lifelong persistent infection in the face of exceptionally powerful host immune responses through the concerted action of multiple immune-evasins. These reduce NK cell activation by inhibiting ligands for activating receptors, expressing ligands for inhibitory receptors, or inhibiting synapse formation. However, these functions only inhibit direct interactions with the infected cell. To determine whether the virus also expresses soluble factors that could modulate NK function at a distance, we systematically screened all 170 HCMV canonical protein-coding genes. This revealed that UL4 encodes a secreted and heavily glycosylated protein (gpUL4) that is expressed with late-phase kinetics and is capable of inhibiting NK cell degranulation. Analyses of gpUL4 binding partners by mass spectrometry identified an interaction with TRAIL. gpUL4 bound TRAIL with picomolar affinity and prevented TRAIL from binding its receptor, thus acting as a TRAIL decoy receptor. TRAIL is found in both soluble and membrane-bound forms, with expression of the membrane-bound form strongly up-regulated on NK cells in response to interferon. gpUL4 inhibited apoptosis induced by soluble TRAIL, while also binding to the NK cell surface in a TRAIL-dependent manner, where it blocked NK cell degranulation and cytokine secretion. gpUL4 therefore acts as an immune-evasin by inhibiting both soluble and membrane-bound TRAIL and is a viral-encoded TRAIL decoy receptor. Interestingly, gpUL4 could also suppress NK responses to heterologous viruses, suggesting that it may act as a systemic virally encoded immunosuppressive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia-Maria Vlachava
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Sepehr Seirafian
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Ceri A. Fielding
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Kollnberger
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J. Aicheler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, CardiffCF5 2YB, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Hughes
- Centre for Virus Research, School of Infection & Immunity, Glasgow University, GlasgowG61 1QH, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Baker
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Weekes
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0XY, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Forbes
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin W. G. Wilkinson
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Eddie C. Y. Wang
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Stanton
- Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CardiffCF14 4XN, United Kingdom
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Prasad Panda S, Kesharwani A, Prasanna Mallick S, Prasanth D, Kumar Pasala P, Bharadwaj Tatipamula V. Viral-induced neuronal necroptosis: Detrimental to brain function and regulation by necroptosis inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115591. [PMID: 37196683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal necroptosis (programmed necrosis) in the CNS naturally occurs through a caspase-independent way and, especially in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parknson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and viral infections. Understanding necroptosis pathways (death receptor-dependent and independent), and its connections with other cell death pathways could lead to new insights into treatment. Receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) mediates necroptosis via mixed-lineage kinase-like (MLKL) proteins. RIPK/MLKL necrosome contains FADD, procaspase-8-cellular FLICE-inhibitory proteins (cFLIPs), RIPK1/RIPK3, and MLKL. The necrotic stimuli cause phosphorylation of MLKL and translocate to the plasma membrane, causing an influx of Ca2+ and Na+ ions and, the immediate opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) with the release of inflammatory cell damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) like mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), high-mobility group box1 (HMGB1), and interleukin1 (IL-1). The MLKL translocates to the nucleus to induce transcription of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex elements. MLKL-induced NLRP3 activity causes caspase-1 cleavage and, IL-1 activation which promotes neuroinflammation. RIPK1-dependent transcription increases illness-associated microglial and lysosomal abnormalities to facilitate amyloid plaque (Aβ) aggregation in AD. Recent research has linked neuroinflammation and mitochondrial fission with necroptosis. MicroRNAs (miRs) such as miR512-3p, miR874, miR499, miR155, and miR128a regulate neuronal necroptosis by targeting key components of necroptotic pathways. Necroptosis inhibitors act by inhibiting the membrane translocation of MLKL and RIPK1 activity. This review insights into the RIPK/MLKL necrosome-NLRP3 inflammasome interactions during death receptor-dependent and independent neuronal necroptosis, and clinical intervention by miRs to protect the brain from NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Adarsh Kesharwani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarada Prasanna Mallick
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, Andhrapradesh, India
| | - Dsnbk Prasanth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, AP, India
| | | | - Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula
- Center for Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
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Jung AL, Han M, Griss K, Bertrams W, Nell C, Greulich T, Klemmer A, Pott H, Heider D, Vogelmeier CF, Hippenstiel S, Suttorp N, Schmeck B. Novel protein biomarkers for pneumonia and acute exacerbations in COPD: a pilot study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1180746. [PMID: 37342494 PMCID: PMC10277477 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1180746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) result in high morbidity, mortality, and socio-economic burden. The usage of easily accessible biomarkers informing on disease entity, severity, prognosis, and pathophysiological endotypes is limited in clinical practice. Here, we have analyzed selected plasma markers for their value in differential diagnosis and severity grading in a clinical cohort. Methods A pilot cohort of hospitalized patients suffering from CAP (n = 27), AECOPD (n = 10), and healthy subjects (n = 22) were characterized clinically. Clinical scores (PSI, CURB, CRB65, GOLD I-IV, and GOLD ABCD) were obtained, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-2-receptor (IL-2R), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), resistin, thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), lactotransferrin (LTF), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), neutrophil-elastase-2 (ELA2), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), soluble Fas (sFas), as well as TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) were measured in plasma. Results In CAP patients and healthy volunteers, we found significantly different levels of ELA2, HGF, IL-2R, IL-6, IL-8, LBP, resistin, LTF, and TRAIL. The panel of LBP, sFas, and TRAIL could discriminate between uncomplicated and severe CAP. AECOPD patients showed significantly different levels of LTF and TRAIL compared to healthy subjects. Ensemble feature selection revealed that CAP and AECOPD can be discriminated by IL-6, resistin, together with IL-2R. These factors even allow the differentiation between COPD patients suffering from an exacerbation or pneumonia. Discussion Taken together, we identified immune mediators in patient plasma that provide information on differential diagnosis and disease severity and can therefore serve as biomarkers. Further studies are required for validation in bigger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Jung
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry – Bacterial Vesicles, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maria Han
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik m.S. Hämatologie und Onkologie, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathrin Griss
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bertrams
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nell
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Timm Greulich
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Klemmer
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Pott
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Heider
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (Synmikro), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Claus F. Vogelmeier
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmeck
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry – Bacterial Vesicles, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Marburg, Philipps-University Marburg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (Synmikro), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Member of the German Center of Infectious Disease Research, Marburg, Germany
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10
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Imaoka K, Ohira M, Bekki T, Sato K, Imaoka Y, Nakano R, Yano T, Sakai H, Tanimine N, Shimizu S, Doskali M, Kuroda S, Tahara H, Ide K, Kobayashi T, Tanaka Y, Ohdan H. Arteriosclerosis Decreases Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Expression on Liver Natural Killer Cells in Living Donor Liver Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2023:S0041-1345(23)00235-X. [PMID: 37095010 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is critical for natural killer (NK) cell-mediated anti-tumor and anti-microbe killing. The TRAIL expression on the donor's liver NK cells from the liver perfusate after interleukin-2 stimulation varies between individuals and is unpredictable. This study aimed to clarify the risk factors for low TRAIL expression by analyzing perioperative donor characteristics. METHODS This retrospective study of living donor liver transplant (LDLT) donors between 2006 and 2022 was performed to analyze low TRAIL expression risk factors. Seventy-five donors who had undergone hepatectomy for LDLT were divided into 2 groups, low and high TRAIL, according to their TRAIL expression on liver NK cells, using median values. RESULTS The low TRAIL group (N = 38) was older and had lower nutrition and a higher low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) cholesterol ratio, related to arteriosclerosis, than the high TRAIL group (N = 37). In multivariate analysis, the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) (odds ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.76-0.94; P < .001) and LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio (odds ratio, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.10-4.86; P = .005) were independent predictive factors for low TRAIL expression on liver NK cells. Furthermore, the TRAIL expression of liver NK cells decreased in donors who already had atherosclerosis and in donors at risk of potentially developing atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS The TRAIL expression on liver NK cells in donors had a strong relationship with atherosclerosis and GNRI. Atherosclerosis can reflect the TRAIL expression on liver NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouki Imaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Bekki
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Imaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakano
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuya Yano
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanimine
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Marlen Doskali
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ide
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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11
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Mitroshina EV, Saviuk M, Vedunova MV. Necroptosis in CNS diseases: Focus on astrocytes. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 14:1016053. [PMID: 36778591 PMCID: PMC9911465 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1016053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, necroptosis, a recently described type of cell death, has been reported to play an important role in the development of various brain pathologies. Necroptosis is a cell death mechanism that has morphological characteristics similar to necrosis but is mediated by fundamentally different molecular pathways. Necroptosis is initiated by signaling through the interaction of RIP1/RIP3/MLKL proteins (receptor-interacting protein kinase 1/receptor-interacting protein kinase 3/mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein). RIPK1 kinase is usually inactive under physiological conditions. It is activated by stimulation of death receptors (TNFR1, TNFR2, TLR3, and 4, Fas-ligand) by external signals. Phosphorylation of RIPK1 results in the formation of its complex with death receptors. Further, complexes with the second member of the RIP3 and MLKL cascade appear, and the necroptosome is formed. There is enough evidence that necroptosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of brain ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, a point of view that both neurons and glial cells can play a key role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS) pathologies finds more and more confirmation. Astrocytes play complex roles during neurodegeneration and ischemic brain damage initiating both impair and protective processes. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that induce pathogenic activity of astrocytes remain veiled. In this review, we consider these processes in terms of the initiation of necroptosis. On the other hand, it is important to remember that like other types of programmed cell death, necroptosis plays an important role for the organism, as it induces a strong immune response and is involved in the control of cancerogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the complex role of necroptosis as an important pathogenetic component of neuronal and astrocyte death in neurodegenerative diseases, epileptogenesis, and ischemic brain damage.
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12
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Shimizu S, Ohira M, Tanaka Y, Ide K, Tahara H, Kuroda S, Tanimine N, Doskali M, Hotta R, Yano T, Nakano R, Imaoka Y, Sato K, Imaoka K, Kobayashi T, Ohdan H. Adoptive immunotherapy overcomes genetic susceptibility to bloodstream infections due to fc-gamma receptor polymorphisms after liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2022; 22:2392-2400. [PMID: 35670552 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.17113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FCGR3A can predict the susceptibility of liver transplant (LT) recipients to bloodstream infections (BSI) and clinical outcomes following living-donor LT (LDLT). Here, we retrospectively analyzed the relationship of adoptive immunotherapy with activated natural killer (NK) cells from perfusate effluents of liver allografts against BSI following LDLT. Higher BSI incidence and lower survival were observed in LT recipients with FcγRIIIa (158F/F or F/V) (n = 81) who did not receive adoptive immunotherapy (n = 55) than in those who did (n = 26) (BSI frequency, 36.4% vs. 11.5%; p = .033; log-rank p = .047). After matching patient background using propensity score, similar results were obtained (BSI ratio, 41.7% vs. 12.5%; p = .049; log-rank p = .039). The predominant BSI pathogens in patients who did and did not receive adoptive immunotherapy were gram-negative rods (n = 3, 100%) and gram-positive cocci (GPC) (n = 15, 65.2%), respectively. The proportion of NK cells administered to patients with BSI was significantly lower than that administered to patients without BSI (Number: 80.3 (29.9-239.2) × 106 cells vs. 37.1 (35.6-50.4) × 106 ; p = .033, percentage; 14.1 (13.3-17.8)% vs. 34.6 (16.5-47)%, p = .0078). Therefore, adoptive immunotherapy with NK cells was associated with the reduced post-transplant BSI related to GPCs due to FcγRIIIa SNP in LT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ide
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tahara
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanimine
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Marlen Doskali
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hotta
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuya Yano
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakano
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Imaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kouki Imaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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13
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Pal S, Sheff S, Al-Kuhlani M, Ojcius DM, de la Maza LM. Role of TRAIL-R in Primary and Secondary Genital and Respiratory Chlamydia muridarum Infections in Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0161722. [PMID: 35876584 PMCID: PMC9431660 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01617-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R) suppresses inflammation and could therefore affect the course of Chlamydia infections and their long-term sequelae. Wild-type (WT) and TRAIL-R-/- C57BL/6 mice were inoculated vaginally with Chlamydia muridarum; the course of the infection was followed with vaginal cultures and the presence of hydrosalpinx determined. To evaluate the role of TRAIL-R following a secondary infection, the mice were vaginally reinfected. WT and TRAIL-R-/- male mice were also infected and reinfected in the respiratory tract, and the course of the diseases and the infections were followed. Following the primary and secondary vaginal infection, no significant differences in vaginal shedding or hydrosalpinx formation were observed between the WT and TRAIL-R-/- mice. The WT and TRAIL-R-/- mice mounted antibody responses in serum and vaginal washes that were not significantly different. After the primary and secondary intranasal infections of the male mice, changes in body weight were determined, and no significant differences were observed between the WT and TRAIL-R-/- mice. Ten days after the primary and the secondary infections, the weight of the lungs and number of C. muridarum inclusion forming units (IFU) were determined. The lungs of the WT mice weighed less compared with the TRAIL-R-/- mice following a primary infection but not after a secondary infection. No differences in the number of C. muridarum IFU in the lungs were observed between the two groups of mice. In conclusion, despite playing a role in inflammation cell-signaling pathways in vitro, TRAIL-R does not appear to play a major role in the susceptibility, clinical outcomes, or long-term sequelae of C. muridarum infections in vivo. IMPORTANCE TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL-R) is involved in suppressing inflammatory responses. Bacterial pathogens such as Chlamydia spp. elicit inflammatory responses in humans following genital, ocular, and respiratory infections. The inflammatory responses are important to control the spread of Chlamydia. However, in certain instances, these inflammatory responses can produce long-term sequelae, including fibrosis. Fibrosis, or scarring, in the genital tract, eye, and respiratory system results in functional deficiencies, including infertility, blindness, and chronic obstructive lung disease, respectively. The goal of this study was to determine if mice deficient in TRAIL-R infected in the genital and respiratory tracts with Chlamydia spp. suffer more or less severe infections, infertility, or lung diseases than wild-type mice. Our results show no differences between the immune responses, infection severity, and long-term sequelae between TRAIL-R knockout and wild-type animals following a genital or a respiratory infection with Chlamydia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumar Pal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sydni Sheff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Mufadhal Al-Kuhlani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California, USA
- Life Science Department, Fresno City College, Fresno, California, USA
| | - David M. Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Luis M. de la Maza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Sciences I, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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14
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Hayashi Y, Suzuki H, Nakajima W, Uehara I, Tanimura A, Himeda T, Koike S, Katsuno T, Kitajiri SI, Koyanagi N, Kawaguchi Y, Onomoto K, Kato H, Yoneyama M, Fujita T, Tanaka N. Virus-infection in cochlear supporting cells induces audiosensory receptor hair cell death by TRAIL-induced necroptosis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260443. [PMID: 34843580 PMCID: PMC8629241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) is relatively common, its cause has not been identified in most cases. Previous studies have suggested that viral infection is a major cause of SHL, especially sudden SHL, but the system that protects against pathogens in the inner ear, which is isolated by the blood-labyrinthine barrier, remains poorly understood. We recently showed that, as audiosensory receptor cells, cochlear hair cells (HCs) are protected by surrounding accessory supporting cells (SCs) and greater epithelial ridge (GER or Kölliker's organ) cells (GERCs) against viral infections. Here, we found that virus-infected SCs and GERCs induce HC death via production of the tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Notably, the HCs expressed the TRAIL death receptors (DR) DR4 and DR5, and virus-induced HC death was suppressed by TRAIL-neutralizing antibodies. TRAIL-induced HC death was not caused by apoptosis, and was inhibited by necroptosis inhibitors. Moreover, corticosteroids, the only effective drug for SHL, inhibited the virus-induced transformation of SCs and GERCs into macrophage-like cells and HC death, while macrophage depletion also inhibited virus-induced HC death. These results reveal a novel mechanism underlying virus-induced HC death in the cochlear sensory epithelium and suggest a possible target for preventing virus-induced SHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Division of Morphological and Biomolecular Research, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuno Uehara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Tanimura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Himeda
- Department of Microbiology, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Neurovirology Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katsuno
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kitajiri
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoto Koyanagi
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Onomoto
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Yoneyama
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Fujita
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Saris A, Reijnders TDY, Nossent EJ, Schuurman AR, Verhoeff J, Asten SV, Bontkes H, Blok S, Duitman J, Bogaard HJ, Heunks L, Lutter R, van der Poll T, Garcia Vallejo JJ. Distinct cellular immune profiles in the airways and blood of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Thorax 2021; 76:1010-1019. [PMID: 33846275 PMCID: PMC8050882 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-216256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Knowledge of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is almost exclusively derived from studies that examined the immune response in blood. We here aimed to analyse the pulmonary immune response during severe COVID-19 and to compare this with blood responses. Methods This was an observational study in patients with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Mononuclear cells were purified from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood, and analysed by spectral flow cytometry; inflammatory mediators were measured in BALF and plasma. Findings Paired blood and BALF samples were obtained from 17 patients, four of whom died in the ICU. Macrophages and T cells were the most abundant cells in BALF, with a high percentage of T cells expressing the ƴδ T cell receptor. In the lungs, both CD4 and CD8 T cells were predominantly effector memory cells (87·3% and 83·8%, respectively), and these cells expressed higher levels of the exhaustion marker programmad death-1 than in peripheral blood. Prolonged ICU stay (>14 days) was associated with a reduced proportion of activated T cells in peripheral blood and even more so in BALF. T cell activation in blood, but not in BALF, was higher in fatal COVID-19 cases. Increased levels of inflammatory mediators were more pronounced in BALF than in plasma. Interpretation The bronchoalveolar immune response in COVID-19 has a unique local profile that strongly differs from the immune profile in peripheral blood. Fully elucidating COVID-19 pathophysiology will require investigation of the pulmonary immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anno Saris
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,Infectious Disease, Leiden Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom D Y Reijnders
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther J Nossent
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex R Schuurman
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Verhoeff
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam institute for infection and immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Saskia van Asten
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam institute for infection and immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hetty Bontkes
- Medical Immunology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Siebe Blok
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janwillem Duitman
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm-Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Heunks
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene Lutter
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Juan J Garcia Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam institute for infection and immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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16
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TNF-α Triggers RIP1/FADD/Caspase-8-Mediated Apoptosis of Astrocytes and RIP3/MLKL-Mediated Necroptosis of Neurons Induced by Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1841-1857. [PMID: 33683530 PMCID: PMC9239968 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis (AC) can cause severe eosinophilic meningitis or encephalitis in non-permissive hosts accompanied by apoptosis and necroptosis of brain cells. However, the explicit underlying molecular basis of apoptosis and necroptosis upon AC infection has not yet been elucidated. To determine the specific pathways of apoptosis and necroptosis upon AC infection, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis for gene expression microarray (accession number: GSE159486) of mouse brain infected by AC revealed that TNF-α likely played a central role in the apoptosis and necroptosis in the context of AC infection, which was further confirmed via an in vivo rescue assay after treating with TNF-α inhibitor. The signalling axes involved in apoptosis and necroptosis were investigated via immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. Immunofluorescence was used to identify the specific cells that underwent apoptosis or necroptosis. The results showed that TNF-α induced apoptosis of astrocytes through the RIP1/FADD/Caspase-8 axis and induced necroptosis of neurons by the RIP3/MLKL signalling pathway. In addition, in vitro assay revealed that TNF-α secretion by microglia increased upon LSA stimulation and caused necroptosis of neurons. The present study provided the first evidence that TNF-α was secreted by microglia stimulated by AC infection, which caused cell death via parallel pathways of astrocyte apoptosis (mediated by the RIP1/FADD/caspase-8 axis) and neuron necroptosis (driven by the RIP3/MLKL complex). Our research comprehensively elucidated the mechanism of cell death after AC infection and provided new insight into targeting TNF-α signalling as a therapeutic strategy for CNS injury.
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17
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Suraweera CD, Hinds MG, Kvansakul M. Poxviral Strategies to Overcome Host Cell Apoptosis. Pathogens 2020; 10:pathogens10010006. [PMID: 33374867 PMCID: PMC7823800 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of cellular suicide initiated either via extracellular (extrinsic apoptosis) or intracellular (intrinsic apoptosis) cues. This form of programmed cell death plays a crucial role in development and tissue homeostasis in multicellular organisms and its dysregulation is an underlying cause for many diseases. Intrinsic apoptosis is regulated by members of the evolutionarily conserved B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family, a family that consists of pro- and anti-apoptotic members. Bcl-2 genes have also been assimilated by numerous viruses including pox viruses, in particular the sub-family of chordopoxviridae, a group of viruses known to infect almost all vertebrates. The viral Bcl-2 proteins are virulence factors and aid the evasion of host immune defenses by mimicking the activity of their cellular counterparts. Viral Bcl-2 genes have proved essential for the survival of virus infected cells and structural studies have shown that though they often share very little sequence identity with their cellular counterparts, they have near-identical 3D structures. However, their mechanisms of action are varied. In this review, we examine the structural biology, molecular interactions, and detailed mechanism of action of poxvirus encoded apoptosis inhibitors and how they impact on host–virus interactions to ultimately enable successful infection and propagation of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chathura D. Suraweera
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Mark G. Hinds
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.G.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Marc Kvansakul
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia;
- Correspondence: (M.G.H.); (M.K.)
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18
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Lee JK, Kim JA, Oh SJ, Lee EW, Shin OS. Zika Virus Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Neural Progenitor Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112487. [PMID: 33207682 PMCID: PMC7697661 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) remains as a public health threat due to the congenital birth defects the virus causes following infection of pregnant women. Congenital microcephaly is among the neurodevelopmental disorders the virus can cause in newborns, and this defect has been associated with ZIKV-mediated cytopathic effects in human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs). In this study, we investigated the cellular changes that occur in hNPCs in response to ZIKV (African and Asian lineages)-induced cytopathic effects. Transmission electron microscopy showed the progress of cell death as well as the formation of numerous vacuoles in the cytoplasm of ZIKV-infected hNPCs. Infection with both African and Asian lineages of ZIKV induced apoptosis, as demonstrated by the increased activation of caspase 3/7, 8, and 9. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β) were also detected in ZIKV-infected hNPCs, while z-VAD-fmk-induced inhibition of cell death suppressed ZIKV-mediated cytokine production in a dose-dependent manner. ZIKV-infected hNPCs also displayed significantly elevated gene expression levels of the pro-apoptotic Bcl2-mediated family, in particular, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Furthermore, TRAIL signaling led to augmented ZIKV-mediated cell death and the knockdown of TRAIL-mediated signaling adaptor, FADD, resulted in enhanced ZIKV replication. In conclusion, our findings provide cellular insights into the cytopathic effects induced by ZIKV infection of hNPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Lee
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.K.L.); (J.-A.K.); (S.-J.O.)
| | - Ji-Ae Kim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.K.L.); (J.-A.K.); (S.-J.O.)
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.K.L.); (J.-A.K.); (S.-J.O.)
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-W.L.); (O.S.S.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4294 (E.-W.L.); +82-2-2626-3280 (O.S.S.)
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.K.L.); (J.-A.K.); (S.-J.O.)
- Correspondence: (E.-W.L.); (O.S.S.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4294 (E.-W.L.); +82-2-2626-3280 (O.S.S.)
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19
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokines in Patients with Neurosyphilis: The Significance of Interleukin-10 for the Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3812671. [PMID: 33083463 PMCID: PMC7556108 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3812671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in neurosyphilis (NS), analyze the differences between asymptomatic NS (ANS) and symptomatic NS (SNS), and explore the diagnostic value of these cytokines. We enrolled 45 patients with a diagnosis of NS, including 18 patients with ANS and 27 patients with SNS, whose cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected before penicillin therapy. Twelve patients with syphilis but non-NS (NNS) were also included. We measured the CSF levels of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-21, and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α; the CSF levels of the microglial activation marker soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2); and the CSF levels of the neuronal injury marker neurofilament light proteins (NFL) using the human cytokine multiplex assay or ELISA. Of the measured cytokines in the CSF, only IL-10 levels were significantly increased in NS patients compared to NNS patients (p < 0.001). In a subgroup analysis, the CSF levels of IL-10 were significantly elevated in SNS patients compared to ANS and NNS patients (p = 0.024 and p < 0.001, respectively). The CSF IL-10 levels had a significant correlation with the markers of microglial activation and neuronal injury, and they also correlated with CSF rapid plasma reagin (RPR) titer, CSF white blood cell (WBC) count, and CSF protein concentration. The areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of CSF IL-10 in the diagnosis of NS and ANS were 0.920 and 0.891, respectively. The corresponding sensitivities/specificities were 86.7%/91.7% and 83.3%/91.7%, respectively. Therefore, the excessive production of IL-10 might facilitate bacterial persistent infection, play an important role in the pathogenesis of NS, and associate with the progression of the disease. CSF IL-10 concentration had a useful value in the diagnosis of NS, especially in ANS.
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20
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Transcriptome sequencing analysis of porcine MDM response to FSL-1 stimulation. Microb Pathog 2019; 138:103830. [PMID: 31689475 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma infection can cause many diseases in pigs, resulting in great economic losses in pork production. Innate immune responses are thought to play critical roles in the pathogenesis of mycoplasma disease. However, the molecular events involved in immune responses remain to be determined. Hence, the object of this study was to use RNA-Seq to investigate the gene expression profiles of the innate immune response mediated by FSL-1 in pig monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). The results revealed that 1442 genes were differentially expressed in the FSL-1 group compared with the control groups, of which 777 genes were upregulated and 665 genes were downregulated. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the upregulated genes were mainly involved in innate immune-related pathways including the TNF signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. The downregulated genes were only involved in the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Our results showed that FSL-1 stimulation activated the TLR2 signaling pathway and resulted in diverse inflammatory responses. FSL-1 induced the transcription of numerous protein-coding genes involved in a complex network of innate immune-related pathways. We speculate that TNF, IL1B, IL6, NFKB1, NFKBIA, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL4 and CCL5 were the most likely hub genes that play important roles in the above pathways. This study identified the differentially expressed genes and their related signaling pathways, contributing to the comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interactions during mycoplasma infection and providing a reference model for further studies.
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21
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Srivorakul S, Guntawang T, Kochagul V, Photichai K, Sittisak T, Janyamethakul T, Boonprasert K, Khammesri S, Langkaphin W, Punyapornwithaya V, Chuammitri P, Thitaram C, Pringproa K. Possible roles of monocytes/macrophages in response to elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) infections in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222158. [PMID: 31491031 PMCID: PMC6730851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) is the primary cause of acute, highly fatal, hemorrhagic diseases in young Asian elephants. Although monocytopenia is frequently observed in EEHV-HD cases, the role monocytes play in EEHV-disease pathogenesis is unknown. This study seeks to explain the responses of monocytes/macrophages in the pathogenesis of EEHV-HD. Samples of blood, frozen tissues, and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues from EEHV1A-HD, EEHV4-HD, co-infected EEHV1A and 4-HD, and EEHV-negative calves were analyzed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the persistent EEHV4-infected and EEHV-negative calves were also studied. The results showed increased infiltration of Iba-1-positive macrophages in the inflamed tissues of the internal organs of elephant calves with EEHV-HD. In addition, cellular apoptosis also increased in the tissues of elephants with EEHV-HD, especially in the PBMCs, compared to the EEHV-negative control. In the PBMCs of persistent EEHV4-infected elephants, cytokine mRNA expression was high, particularly up-regulation of TNF-α and IFN-γ. Moreover, viral particles were observed in the cytoplasm of the persistent EEHV4-infected elephant monocytes. Our study demonstrated for the first time that apoptosis of the PBMCs increased in cases of EEHV-HD. Furthermore, this study showed that monocytes may serve as a vehicle for viral dissemination during EEHV infection in Asian elephants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saralee Srivorakul
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Thunyamas Guntawang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Varankpicha Kochagul
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kornravee Photichai
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Tidaratt Sittisak
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Khajohnpat Boonprasert
- Center of Excellence in Elephant and Wildlife Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Veerasak Punyapornwithaya
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Chuammitri
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chatchote Thitaram
- Center of Excellence in Elephant and Wildlife Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Companion Animals and Wildlife Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kidsadagon Pringproa
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Elephant and Wildlife Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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22
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Cytomegalovirus Evades TRAIL-Mediated Innate Lymphoid Cell 1 Defenses. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00617-19. [PMID: 31142671 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00617-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) establishes a lifelong infection facilitated, in part, by circumventing immune defenses mediated by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-family cytokines. An example of this is the mouse CMV (MCMV) m166 protein, which restricts expression of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) death receptors, promoting early-phase replication. We show here that replication of an MCMV mutant lacking m166 is also severely attenuated during viral persistence in the salivary glands (SG). Depleting group I innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) or infecting Trail-/- mice completely restored persistent replication of this mutant. Group I ILCs are comprised of two subsets, conventional natural killer cells (cNK) and tissue-resident cells often referred to as innate lymphoid type I cells (ILC1). Using recently identified phenotypic markers to discriminate between these two cell types, their relative expression of TRAIL and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was assessed during both early and persistent infection. ILC1 were found to be the major TRAIL expressers during both of these infection phases, with cNK expressing very little, indicating that it is ILC1 that curtail replication via TRAIL in the absence of m166-imposed countermeasures. Notably, despite high TRAIL expression by SG-resident ILC1, IFN-γ production by both ILC1 and cNK was minimal at this site of viral persistence. Together these results highlight TRAIL as a key ILC1-utilized effector molecule that can operate in defense against persistent infection at times when other innate control mechanisms may be muted and highlight the importance for the evolution of virus-employed countermeasures.IMPORTANCE Cytomegalovirus (a betaherpesvirus) is a master at manipulating immune responses to promote its lifelong persistence, a result of millions of years of coevolution with its host. Using a one-of-a-kind MCMV mutant unable to restrict expression of the TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand death receptors (TRAIL-DR), we show that TRAIL-DR signaling significantly restricts both early and persistent viral replication. Our results also reveal that these defenses are employed by TRAIL-expressing innate lymphoid type I cells (ILC1) but not conventional NK cells. Overall, our results are significant because they show the key importance of viral counterstrategies specifically neutralizing TRAIL effector functions mediated by a specific, tissue-resident subset of group I ILCs.
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23
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Biomarkers of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Key to Disease Diagnosis and Management. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1701276. [PMID: 31183362 PMCID: PMC6515150 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1701276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a dangerous disease caused by a spectrum of bacterial and viral pathogens. The choice of specific therapy and the need for hospitalization or transfer to the intensive care unit are determined by the causative agent and disease severity. The microbiological analysis of sputum largely depends on the quality of the material obtained. The prediction of severity and the duration of therapy are determined individually, and existing prognostic scales are used generally. This review examines the possibilities of using specific serological biomarkers to detect the bacterial or viral aetiology of CAP and to assess disease severity. Particular emphasis is placed on the use of biomarker signatures and the discovery of biomarker candidates for a single multiplex analysis.
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24
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The Role of Osteoprotegerin and Its Ligands in Vascular Function. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030705. [PMID: 30736365 PMCID: PMC6387017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The superfamily of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors includes osteoprotegerin (OPG) and its ligands, which are receptor activators of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). The OPG/RANKL/RANK system plays an active role in pathological angiogenesis and inflammation as well as cell survival. It has been demonstrated that there is crosstalk between endothelial cells and osteoblasts during osteogenesis, thus establishing a connection between angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This OPG/RANKL/RANK/TRAIL system acts on specific cell surface receptors, which are then able to transmit their signals to other intracellular components and modify gene expression. Cytokine production and activation of their receptors induce mechanisms to recruit monocytes and neutrophils as well as endothelial cells. Data support the role of an increased OPG/RANKL ratio as a possible marker of progression of endothelial dysfunction in metabolic disorders in relationship with inflammatory marker levels. We review the role of the OPG/RANKL/RANK triad in vascular function as well as molecular mechanisms related to the etiology of vascular diseases. The potential therapeutic strategies may be very promising in the future.
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25
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Burmeister AR, Marriott I. The Interleukin-10 Family of Cytokines and Their Role in the CNS. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:458. [PMID: 30542269 PMCID: PMC6277801 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident cells of the central nervous system (CNS) play an important role in detecting insults and initiating protective or sometimes detrimental host immunity. At peripheral sites, immune responses follow a biphasic course with the rapid, but transient, production of inflammatory mediators giving way to the delayed release of factors that promote resolution and repair. Within the CNS, it is well known that glial cells contribute to the onset and progression of neuroinflammation, but it is only now becoming apparent that microglia and astrocytes also play an important role in producing and responding to immunosuppressive factors that serve to limit the detrimental effects of such responses. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is generally considered to be the quintessential immunosuppressive cytokine, and its ability to resolve inflammation and promote wound repair at peripheral sites is well documented. In the present review article, we discuss the evidence for the production of IL-10 by glia, and describe the ability of CNS cells, including microglia and astrocytes, to respond to this suppressive factor. Furthermore, we review the literature for the expression of other members of the IL-10 cytokine family, IL-19, IL-20, IL-22 and IL-24, within the brain, and discuss the evidence of a role for these poorly understood cytokines in the regulation of infectious and sterile neuroinflammation. In concert, the available data indicate that glia can produce IL-10 and the related cytokines IL-19 and IL-24 in a delayed manner, and these cytokines can limit glial inflammatory responses and/or provide protection against CNS insult. However, the roles of other IL-10 family members within the CNS remain unclear, with IL-20 appearing to act as a pro-inflammatory factor, while IL-22 may play a protective role in some instances and a detrimental role in others, perhaps reflecting the pleiotropic nature of this cytokine family. What is clear is that our current understanding of the role of IL-10 and related cytokines within the CNS is limited at best, and further research is required to define the actions of this understudied family in inflammatory brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Burmeister
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Ian Marriott
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
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26
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Song FX, Zhao LQ, Zhu RN, Song QW, Deng J, Tian R, Wang F, Qian Y. Protective effect of an alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist against enterovirus 71 infection in neuronal cells. Antiviral Res 2018; 149:106-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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27
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Monocytes inhibit hepatitis C virus-induced TRAIL expression on CD56 bright NK cells. J Hepatol 2017; 67:1148-1156. [PMID: 28803951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We have previously shown that culture-derived HCV (HCVcc) enhance tumor necrosis-factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) expression on healthy NK cells, but not on those from patients infected with HCV, which was likely dependent on accessory cells. Here we sought to elucidate the mechanisms involved in altered TRAIL upregulation in this setting. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from controls and patients infected with HCV were exposed to HCVcc. Cell depletions were performed to identify cells responsible for NK cell activation. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to identify the cytokines involved in the NK activation process. RESULTS In patients infected with HCV, soluble factors secreted by control PBMC restored the ability of NK cells to express TRAIL. Of note, CD14+ cell depletion had identical effects upon virus exposure and promoted increased degranulation. Moreover, increased concentrations of interleukin (IL)-18 binding protein a (IL-18BPa) and IL-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36RA) were observed after PBMC exposure to HCVcc in patients with HCV. HCVcc-induced NK cell TRAIL expression was inhibited by IL-18BPa and IL-36RA in control subjects. There were statistically significant correlations between IL-18BPa and indices of liver inflammation and fibrosis, supporting a role for this protein in the pathogenesis of chronic HCV infection. CONCLUSIONS During chronic HCV infection, monocytes play a key role in negative regulation of NK cell activation, predominantly via secretion of inhibitors of IL-18 and IL-36. LAY SUMMARY Coordination and collaboration between immune cells are essential to fight pathogens. Herein we show that during HCV infection monocytes secrete IL-18 and IL-36 inhibitory proteins, reducing NK cell activation, and consequently inhibiting their ability to express TRAIL and kill target cells.
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28
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Vicente VA, Weiss VA, Bombassaro A, Moreno LF, Costa FF, Raittz RT, Leão AC, Gomes RR, Bocca AL, Fornari G, de Castro RJA, Sun J, Faoro H, Tadra-Sfeir MZ, Baura V, Balsanelli E, Almeida SR, Dos Santos SS, Teixeira MDM, Soares Felipe MS, do Nascimento MMF, Pedrosa FO, Steffens MB, Attili-Angelis D, Najafzadeh MJ, Queiroz-Telles F, Souza EM, De Hoog S. Comparative Genomics of Sibling Species of Fonsecaea Associated with Human Chromoblastomycosis. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1924. [PMID: 29062304 PMCID: PMC5640708 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fonsecaea and Cladophialophora are genera of black yeast-like fungi harboring agents of a mutilating implantation disease in humans, along with strictly environmental species. The current hypothesis suggests that those species reside in somewhat adverse microhabitats, and pathogenic siblings share virulence factors enabling survival in mammal tissue after coincidental inoculation driven by pathogenic adaptation. A comparative genomic analysis of environmental and pathogenic siblings of Fonsecaea and Cladophialophora was undertaken, including de novo assembly of F. erecta from plant material. The genome size of Fonsecaea species varied between 33.39 and 35.23 Mb, and the core genomes of those species comprises almost 70% of the genes. Expansions of protein domains such as glyoxalases and peptidases suggested ability for pathogenicity in clinical agents, while the use of nitrogen and degradation of phenolic compounds was enriched in environmental species. The similarity of carbohydrate-active vs. protein-degrading enzymes associated with the occurrence of virulence factors suggested a general tolerance to extreme conditions, which might explain the opportunistic tendency of Fonsecaea sibling species. Virulence was tested in the Galleria mellonella model and immunological assays were performed in order to support this hypothesis. Larvae infected by environmental F. erecta had a lower survival. Fungal macrophage murine co-culture showed that F. erecta induced high levels of TNF-α contributing to macrophage activation that could increase the ability to control intracellular fungal growth although hyphal death were not observed, suggesting a higher level of extremotolerance of environmental species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania A Vicente
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Vinícius A Weiss
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Sector of Technological and Professional Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Amanda Bombassaro
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Leandro F Moreno
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Flávia F Costa
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Roberto T Raittz
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Sector of Technological and Professional Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Aniele C Leão
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Sector of Technological and Professional Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Renata R Gomes
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Anamelia L Bocca
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gheniffer Fornari
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Jiufeng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, China
| | - Helisson Faoro
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Valter Baura
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Balsanelli
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sandro R Almeida
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suelen S Dos Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus de Melo Teixeira
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil.,Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, United States
| | - Maria S Soares Felipe
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasilia, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio O Pedrosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Maria B Steffens
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Sector of Technological and Professional Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Mohammad J Najafzadeh
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Flávio Queiroz-Telles
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Emanuel M Souza
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Sector of Technological and Professional Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Sybren De Hoog
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Post-Graduation Program, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Lower inflammatory markers in women with antenatal depression brings the M1/M2 balance into focus from a new direction. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 80:15-25. [PMID: 28292683 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal depression and use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) in pregnancy have both been associated with an increased risk of poor pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth and impaired fetal growth. While the underlying biological pathways for these complications are poorly understood, it has been hypothesized that inflammation may be a common physiological pathway. The aim of the present study was to assess peripheral inflammatory markers in healthy women, women with antenatal depression, and in women using SSRI during pregnancy. METHODS 160 healthy pregnant controls, 59 women with antenatal depression and 39 women on treatment with SSRIs were included. The relative levels of 92 inflammatory proteins were analyzed by proximity extension assay technology. RESULTS Overall, 23 of the inflammatory markers were significantly lower in women with antenatal depression and in women on treatment with SSRIs in comparison with the healthy controls. No difference in any of the inflammatory markers was observed between women with antenatal depression and those who were using SSRI. Top three inflammatory markers that were down-regulated in women with antenatal depression were TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), p=0.000001, macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), p=0.000004, and fractalkine (CX3CL1), p=0.000005. Corresponding inflammatory markers in SSRI users were CSF-1, p=0.000011, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), p=0.000016, and IL-15 receptor subunit alpha (IL-15RA), p=0.000027. The inflammatory markers were negatively correlated with cortisone serum concentrations in controls, but not in the cases. Differential DNA methylation of was found for seven of these inflammatory markers in an independent epigenetics cohort. CONCLUSION Women with antenatal depression or on SSRI treatment have lower levels of a number of peripheral inflammatory markers than healthy pregnant controls. Hypothetically, this could be due to dysregulated switch to the pro-M2 milieu that characterizes normal third trimester pregnancy. However, longitudinal blood sampling is needed to elucidate whether the presumably dysregulated M2 shift is driving the development of antenatal depression or is a result of the depression.
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Inducement of apoptosis by cucurbitacin E, a tetracyclic triterpenes, through death receptor 5 in human cervical cancer cell lines. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17014. [PMID: 28487767 PMCID: PMC5402524 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the most common malignancy in women, for which conization or hysterectomy are the main therapy. Curcubitacin E (Cu E) is a natural compound-based drug which from the Guadi (climbing stem of Cucumic melo L). Previously shown to be an anti-tumor as well as a potent chemopreventive agent against several types of tumors. The present study, investigated anti-proliferation and apoptosis induced by Cu E in cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa and Ca Ski). The results indicate that the cytotoxicity is associated with accumulation in apoptosis but not necrosis. Cu E produced apoptosis as well as the up-regulation the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5). In addition, the DR5 gene activation in apoptosis, both effects increased proportionally with the dose of Cu E; however, mitosis delay was also dependant on the amount of Cu E treatment in the cancer cells. These results indicate that Cu E may delay cancer cell growth by apoptosis via upregulation of DR5 gene expression.
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An apoptosis-independent role of TRAIL in suppressing joint inflammation and inhibiting T-cell activation in inflammatory arthritis. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 15:846-857. [PMID: 28392572 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primarily due to its ability to promote apoptosis in synoviocytes and infiltrating lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory mechanism and role of TRAIL in inflammatory arthritis. We created an animal model of inflammatory arthritis and demonstrated that TRAIL significantly inhibited joint inflammation and reduced the severity of arthritis. The suppression of joint inflammation was not due to the TRAIL-mediated induction of apoptosis in T cells, macrophages or synovial fibroblasts. In contrast, TRAIL directly inhibited T-cell proliferation and suppressed the production of cytokines, which indicated that TRAIL exerted its anti-inflammatory effects by direct inhibition of T-cell activation. Moreover, TRAIL receptor (TRAIL-R)-knockout mice developed more severe disease, and the protective effects of TRAIL were abolished in the experimental arthritis model in TRAIL-R knockout mice. From these results, we conclude that TRAIL suppresses joint inflammation via an apoptosis-independent pathway and directly inhibits T-cell activation. Our results provide a novel apoptosis-independent, immune regulatory role for TRAIL in suppressing inflammatory arthritis and shed light on the development of effective new therapies for autoimmune inflammatory diseases.
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van Houten CB, de Groot JAH, Klein A, Srugo I, Chistyakov I, de Waal W, Meijssen CB, Avis W, Wolfs TFW, Shachor-Meyouhas Y, Stein M, Sanders EAM, Bont LJ. A host-protein based assay to differentiate between bacterial and viral infections in preschool children (OPPORTUNITY): a double-blind, multicentre, validation study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 17:431-440. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(16)30519-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Peteranderl C, Herold S. The Impact of the Interferon/TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand Signaling Axis on Disease Progression in Respiratory Viral Infection and Beyond. Front Immunol 2017; 8:313. [PMID: 28382038 PMCID: PMC5360710 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are well described to be rapidly induced upon pathogen-associated pattern recognition. After binding to their respective IFN receptors and activation of the cellular JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling cascade, they stimulate the transcription of a plethora of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in infected as well as bystander cells such as the non-infected epithelium and cells of the immune system. ISGs may directly act on the invading pathogen or can either positively or negatively regulate the innate and adaptive immune response. However, IFNs and ISGs do not only play a key role in the limitation of pathogen spread but have also been recently found to provoke an unbalanced, overshooting inflammatory response causing tissue injury and hampering repair processes. A prominent regulator of disease outcome, especially in-but not limited to-respiratory viral infection, is the IFN-dependent mediator TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) produced by several cell types including immune cells such as macrophages or T cells. First described as an apoptosis-inducing agent in transformed cells, it is now also well established to rapidly evoke cellular stress pathways in epithelial cells, finally leading to caspase-dependent or -independent cell death. Hereby, pathogen spread is limited; however in some cases, also the surrounding tissue is severely harmed, thus augmenting disease severity. Interestingly, the lack of a strictly controlled and well balanced IFN/TRAIL signaling response has not only been implicated in viral infection but might furthermore be an important determinant of disease progression in bacterial superinfections and in chronic respiratory illness. Conclusively, the IFN/TRAIL signaling axis is subjected to a complex modulation and might be exploited for the evaluation of new therapeutic concepts aiming at attenuation of tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Peteranderl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Giessen, Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Giessen, Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
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Biomarkers in Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020447. [PMID: 28218726 PMCID: PMC5343981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an infectious disease caused by bacteria, viruses, or a combination of these infectious agents. The severity of the clinical manifestations of CAP varies significantly. Consequently, both the differentiation of viral from bacterial CAP cases and the accurate assessment and prediction of disease severity are critical for effectively managing individuals with CAP. To solve questionable cases, several biomarkers indicating the etiology and severity of CAP have been studied. Unfortunately, only a few studies have examined the roles of these biomarkers in pediatric practice. The main aim of this paper is to detail current knowledge regarding the use of biomarkers to diagnose and treat CAP in children, analyzing the most recently published relevant studies. Despite several attempts, the etiologic diagnosis of pediatric CAP and the estimation of the potential outcome remain unsolved problems in most cases. Among traditional biomarkers, procalcitonin (PCT) appears to be the most effective for both selecting bacterial cases and evaluating the severity. However, a precise cut-off separating bacterial from viral and mild from severe cases has not been defined. The three-host protein assay based on C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), plasma interferon-γ protein-10 (IP-10), and micro-array-based whole genome expression arrays might offer more advantages in comparison with former biomarkers. However, further studies are needed before the routine use of those presently in development can be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina (Paiui), Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, Southern University Bangladesh, Chittagong (Mehedibag), Bangladesh
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Mohammadi A, Fazeli B, Taheri M, Sahebkar A, Poursina Z, Vakili V, Yazdi SZ, Keramati Z, Boostani R, Hampson I, Rafatpanah H. Modulatory effects of curcumin on apoptosis and cytotoxicity-related molecules in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 85:457-462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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