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Tan J, Xue Q, Hu X, Yang J. Inhibitor of PD-1/PD-L1: a new approach may be beneficial for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:95. [PMID: 38263193 PMCID: PMC10804569 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a globally prevalent, progressive disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Because of its irreversible disease progression, IPF affects the quality and length of life of patients and imposes a significant burden on their families and social healthcare services. The use of the antifibrotic drugs pirfenidone and nintedanib can slow the progression of the disease to some extent, but it does not have a reverse effect on the prognosis. The option of lung transplantion is also limited owing to contraindications to transplantation, possible complications after transplantation, and the risk of death. Therefore, the discovery of new, effective treatment methods is an urgent need. Over recent years, various studies have been undertaken to investigate the relationship between interstitial pneumonia and lung cancer, suggesting that some immune checkpoints in IPF are similar to those in tumors. Immune checkpoints are a class of immunosuppressive molecules that are essential for maintaining autoimmune tolerance and regulating the duration and magnitude of immune responses in peripheral tissues. They can prevent normal tissues from being damaged and destroyed by the immune response. While current studies have focused on PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4, PD-1/PD-L1 may be the only effective immune checkpoint IPF treatment. This review discusses the application of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint in IPF, with the aim of finding a new direction for IPF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qianfei Xue
- Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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2
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Guo Y, Wang H, Lyu R, Wang J, Wang T, Shi J, Lyu L. Nanocarrier-Mediated Delivery of MicroRNAs for Fibrotic Diseases. Mol Diagn Ther 2024; 28:53-67. [PMID: 37897655 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous noncoding RNAs that mediate the fibrotic process by regulating multiple targets. MicroRNA-based therapy can restore or inhibit miRNA expression and is expected to become an effective approach to prevent and alleviate fibrotic diseases. However, the safe, targeted, and effective delivery of miRNAs is a major challenge in translating miRNA therapy from bench to bedside. In this review, we briefly describe the pathophysiological process of fibrosis and the mechanism by which miRNAs regulate the progression of fibrosis. Additionally, we summarize the miRNA nanodelivery tools for fibrotic diseases, including chemical modifications and polymer-based, lipid-based, and exosome-based delivery systems. Further clarification of the role of miRNAs in fibrosis and the development of a novel nanodelivery system may facilitate the prevention and alleviation of fibrotic diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Guo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Hanying Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Rumin Lyu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingpei Shi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650106, Yunnan, China.
| | - Lechun Lyu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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3
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Lu Y, Chen Z, Pan Y, Qi F. Identification of Drug Compounds for Capsular Contracture Based on Text Mining and Deep Learning. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 152:779e-790e. [PMID: 36862957 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsular contracture is a common and unpredictable complication after breast implant placement. Currently, the pathogenesis of capsular contracture is unclear, and the effectiveness of nonsurgical treatment is still doubtful. The authors' study aimed to investigate new drug therapies for capsular contracture by using computational methods. METHODS Genes related to capsular contracture were identified by text mining and GeneCodis. Then, the candidate key genes were selected through protein-protein interaction analysis in Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins and Cytoscape. Drugs targeting the candidate genes with relation to capsular contracture were screened out in Pharmaprojects. Based on the drug-target interaction analysis by DeepPurpose, candidate drugs with highest predicted binding affinity were obtained eventually. RESULTS The authors' study identified 55 genes related to capsular contracture. Gene set enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction analysis generated eight candidate genes. One hundred drugs targeting the candidate genes were selected. The seven candidate drugs with the highest predicted binding affinity were determined by DeepPurpose, including tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonist, estrogen receptor agonist, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and matrix metallopeptidase 1 inhibitor. CONCLUSION Text mining and DeepPurpose can be used as a promising tool for drug discovery in exploring nonsurgical treatment to capsular contracture. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeheng Lu
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Big Data and Artificial Intelligence Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University
| | - Yuyan Pan
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital
| | - Fazhi Qi
- From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital
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4
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Cagli B, Carotti S, Segreto F, Francesconi M, Marangi GF, Tenna S, Diomedi M, Perrone G, Morini S, Persichetti P. Histologic and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Human Breast Capsules Formed around Five Different Expander Surfaces. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 152:388e-397e. [PMID: 36827480 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyurethane (PU) coating and implant texturization were designed to reduce the incidence of capsular contracture (CC), even if the link between surface type and CC remains unclear. To date, the etiopathogenetic aspects have not been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate capsules formed around five different breast expanders. METHODS Thirty patients were divided into randomized groups implanted with five different expanders: smooth, coated with PU foam (poly), with a low-microtextured, high-microtextured, and macrotextured surface (L-micro, H-micro, macro). Specimens of the capsules were removed at implant reconstruction and evaluated for morphology and immunohistochemistry expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type I and III, CD68, CD34, and CD3. Remodeling Combined Index was also evaluated. RESULTS Expression of α-SMA was significantly increased in smooth capsules versus poly, low-microtextured, and high-microtextured groups ( P = 0.007; P = 0.010; P = 0.028), whereas the prevalence of collagen type I in smooth capsules and collagen type III in poly capsules identified a stable versus an unstable tissue. Remodeling Combined Index and α-SMA showed an inverted correlation. CD68 and CD34 cellular expression increased significantly in poly capsules with respect to smooth ( P < 0.001; P < 0.001) and macrotextured groups ( P < 0.001; P < 0.001). CD3 showed no significant difference among the groups. CONCLUSION In this human study, the authors observed that increased tissue remodeling and reduced myofibroblast activation, along with the inflammatory infiltration and neoangiogenesis, especially in the poly and low-microtextured groups, might promote the formation of an unstable and less fibrotic capsule, lowering the risk of CC. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, III.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Carotti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy
| | | | - Maria Francesconi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy
| | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Perrone
- Research Unit of Pathology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome
| | - Sergio Morini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy
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5
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Loeck T, Schwab A. The role of the Na +/Ca 2+-exchanger (NCX) in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Biol Chem 2023; 404:325-337. [PMID: 36594183 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2022-0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth, invasion, and metastasis. In addition to solid cancer cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in cancer pathophysiology. They arise from "healthy" cells but get manipulated by solid cancer cells to supply them and develop a tumor microenvironment (TME) that protects the cancer cells from the immune defense. A wide variety of cell types can differentiate into CAFs, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells. Precise Ca2+ regulation is essential for each cell including CAFs. The electrogenic Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is one of the ubiquitously expressed regulatory Ca2+ transport proteins that rapidly responds to changes of the intracellular ion concentrations. Its transport function is also influenced by the membrane potential and thereby indirectly by the activity of ion channels. NCX transports Ca2+ out of the cell (forward mode) or allows its influx (reverse mode), always in exchange for 3 Na+ ions that are moved into the opposite direction. In this review, we discuss the functional roles NCX has in CAFs and how these depend on the properties of the TME. NCX activity modifies migration and leads to a reduced proliferation and apoptosis. The effect of the NCX in fibrosis is still largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Loeck
- Institut für Physiologie II, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institut für Physiologie II, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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6
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Barreto RSN, Carvalho HJC, Matias GSS, Silva MGKC, Ribeiro RR, Campanelli TB, Rigoglio NN, Carreira ACO, Miglino MA. The extracellular matrix protein pattern in the canine neoplastic mammary gland. Tissue Cell 2023; 82:102050. [PMID: 36933273 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the mammary gland provide structure and regulate its development and homeostasis. Alterations in its structure can regulate and support pathogenesis, like breast tumors. Aiming to identify the health and tumoral canine mammary ECM scaffold protein profile by immunohistochemistry, the decellularization process was carried out to remove the cellular content. Additionally, it was verified the influence of health and tumoral ECM on the attachment of health and tumoral cells. The types I, III, IV, and V structural collagens were scarce in the mammary tumor, and ECM fibers were disorganized. Vimentin and CD44 were more common in mammary tumor stroma, suggesting a role in cell migration that results in tumor progression. Elastin, fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, and osteopontin were similarly detected under healthy and tumor conditions, providing the attachment of normal cells in healthy ECM, while tumoral cells were able to attach in tumoral ECM. The protein pattern demonstrates ECM alteration in canine mammary tumorigenesis, presenting new knowledge on mammary tumor ECM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S N Barreto
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - H J C Carvalho
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G S S Matias
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M G K C Silva
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R R Ribeiro
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T B Campanelli
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N N Rigoglio
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C O Carreira
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Santa Terezinha, 09210-580 Santo André, Brazil
| | - M A Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, 05508-270 Butantã, São Paulo, Brazil.
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7
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Ochiai K, Mochida Y, Nagase T, Fukuhara H, Yamaguchi Y, Nagase M. Upregulation of Piezo2 in the mesangial, renin, and perivascular mesenchymal cells of the kidney of Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats and its reversal by esaxerenone. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1234-1246. [PMID: 36810623 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of mechanosensitive ion channels has promoted mechanobiological research in the field of hypertension and nephrology. We previously reported Piezo2 expression in mouse mesangial and juxtaglomerular renin-producing cells, and its modulation by dehydration. This study aimed to investigate how Piezo2 expression is altered in hypertensive nephropathy. The effects of the nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor blocker, esaxerenone, were also analyzed. Four-week-old Dahl salt-sensitive rats were randomly assigned to three groups: rats fed a 0.3% NaCl diet (DSN), rats fed a high 8% NaCl diet (DSH), and rats fed a high salt diet supplemented with esaxerenone (DSH + E). After six weeks, DSH rats developed hypertension, albuminuria, glomerular and vascular injuries, and perivascular fibrosis. Esaxerenone effectively decreased blood pressure and ameliorated renal damage. In DSN rats, Piezo2 was expressed in Pdgfrb-positive mesangial and Ren1-positive cells. Piezo2 expression in these cells was enhanced in DSH rats. Moreover, Piezo2-positive cells accumulated in the adventitial layer of intrarenal small arteries and arterioles in DSH rats. These cells were positive for Pdgfrb, Col1a1, and Col3a1, but negative for Acta2 (αSMA), indicating that they were perivascular mesenchymal cells different from myofibroblasts. Piezo2 upregulation was reversed by esaxerenone treatment. Furthermore, Piezo2 inhibition by siRNA in the cultured mesangial cells resulted in upregulation of Tgfb1 expression. Cyclic stretch also upregulated Tgfb1 in both transfections of control siRNA and Piezo2 siRNA. Our findings suggest that Piezo2 may have a contributory role in modulating the pathogenesis of hypertensive nephrosclerosis and have also highlighted the therapeutic effects of esaxerenone on salt-induced hypertensive nephropathy. Mechanochannel Piezo2 is known to be expressed in the mouse mesangial cells and juxtaglomerular renin-producing cells, and this was confirmed in normotensive Dahl-S rats. In salt-induced hypertensive Dahl-S rats, Piezo2 upregulation was observed in the mesangial cells, renin cells, and notably, perivascular mesenchymal cells, suggesting its involvement in kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ochiai
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Trauma and Critical Care Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Mochida
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Trauma and Critical Care Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagase
- Kunitachi Aoyagien Tachikawa Geriatric Health Services Facility, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuhara
- Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Trauma and Critical Care Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Nagase
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yu WL, Park JY, Park HJ, Kim SN. Changes of local microenvironment and systemic immunity after acupuncture stimulation during inflammation: A literature review of animal studies. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1086195. [PMID: 36712435 PMCID: PMC9875056 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1086195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the underlying mechanisms by which acupuncture therapy mediates both local and systemic immunomodulation. However, the connection between alterations in the local microenvironment and the resulting change in systemic immunity remains unclear. In this review, we focus on cell-specific changes in local immune responses following acupuncture stimulation and their link to systemic immune modulation. We have gathered the most recent evidence for chemo- and mechano-reactive changes in endothelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and mast cells in response to acupuncture. Local signaling is then related to the activation of systemic neuro-immunity including the cholinergic, adrenal, and splenic nervous systems and pain-related neuromodulation. This review aims to serve as a reference for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lien Yu
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeun Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Nam Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea,*Correspondence: Seung-Nam Kim ✉
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de Almeida BM, dos Santos IDD, de Carvalho FMA, Correa LC, Cunha JLS, Dariva C, Severino P, Cardoso JC, Souto EB, de Albuquerque-Júnior RLC. Himatanthus bracteatus-Composed In Situ Polymerizable Hydrogel for Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315176. [PMID: 36499503 PMCID: PMC9739771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Himatanthus genus presents anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities, suggesting potential wound-healing properties. This study aimed to develop and analyze the wound-healing properties of a photopolymerizable gelatin-based hydrogel (GelMA) containing an ethanolic extract of Himatanthus bracteatus in a murine model. The extract was obtained under high pressure conditions, incorporated (2%) into the GelMA (GelMA-HB), and physically characterized. The anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was assessed using a carrageenan-induced pleurisy model and the GelMA-HB scarring properties in a wound-healing assay. The extract reduced IL-1β and TNF-α levels (48.5 ± 6.7 and 64.1 ± 4.9 pg/mL) compared to the vehicle (94.4 ± 2.3 pg/mL and 106.3 ± 5.7 pg/mL; p < 0.001). GelMA-HB depicted significantly lower swelling and increased resistance to mechanical compression compared to GelMA (p < 0.05). GelMA-HB accelerated wound closure over the time course of the experiment (p < 0.05) and promoted a significantly greater peak of myofibroblast differentiation (36.1 ± 6.6 cells) and microvascular density (23.1 ± 0.7 microvessels) on day 7 in comparison to GelMA (31.9 ± 5.3 cells and 20.2 ± 0.6 microvessels) and the control (25.8 ± 4.6 cells and 17.5 ± 0.5 microvessels) (p < 0.05). In conclusion, GelMA-HB improved wound healing in rodents, probably by modulating the inflammatory response and myofibroblastic and microvascular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeth M. de Almeida
- Biotechnological Postgraduate Program—RENORBIO, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49010-390, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe M. A. de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil
| | - Luana C. Correa
- School of Physiotherapy, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil
| | - John L. S. Cunha
- Department of Odontology, Paraiba State University, Campina Grande 58429 500, PB, Brazil
| | - Claudio Dariva
- Laboratory for Colloidal Systems Studies, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49010-390, SE, Brazil
| | - Patricia Severino
- Biotechnological Postgraduate Program—RENORBIO, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49010-390, SE, Brazil
| | - Juliana C. Cardoso
- Biotechnological Postgraduate Program—RENORBIO, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49010-390, SE, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Biotechnological Postgraduate Program—RENORBIO, Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49010-390, SE, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, nº. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (E.B.S.); (R.L.C.d.A.-J.)
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10
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Chi J, Hsiao Y, Liang H, Huang T, Chen F, Chen C, Ko C, Cheng C, Wang J. Blockade of the pentraxin 3/CD44 interaction attenuates lung injury-induced fibrosis. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1099. [PMID: 36336784 PMCID: PMC9637652 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (fILD) are potentially fatal with limited therapeutic options and no effective strategies to reverse fibrogenesis. Myofibroblasts are chief effector cells in fibrosis that excessively deposit collagen in the pulmonary interstitium and lead to progressive impairment of gaseous exchange. METHODS Plasma and lung specimens from patients with fILD were applied for detecting pentraxin 3 (PTX3) abundance by ELISA and Immunohistochemistry. Masson's trichrome and Sirius red stains and hydroxyproline assay were performed for assessing collagen accumulation in the lungs of bleomycin-exposed conditional Ptx3-deficient and PTX3-neutralizing antibody (αPTX3i)-treated mice. Downstream effectors including signaling pathways and fibrotic genes were examined for assessing CD44-involved PTX3-induced fibrosis in HFL1 and primary mouse fibroblasts. RESULTS PTX3 was upregulated in the lungs and plasma of bleomycin-exposed mice and correlated with disease severity and adverse outcomes in fILD patients. Decreased collagen accumulation, attenuation of alveolar fibrosis and fibrotic markers, and improved lung function were observed in bleomycin-exposed conditional Ptx3-deficient mice. PTX3 activates lung fibroblasts to differentiate towards migrative and highly collagen-expressing myofibroblasts. Lung fibroblasts with CD44 inactivation attenuated the PI3K-AKT1, NF-κB, and JNK signaling pathways and fibrotic markers. αPTX3i mimic-based therapeutic studies demonstrated abrogation of the migrative fibroblast phenotype and myofibroblast activation in vitro. Notably, αPTX3i inhibited lung fibrosis, reduced collagen deposition, increased mouse survival, and improved lung function in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals new insights into the involvement of the PTX3/CD44 axis in fibrosis and suggests PTX3 as a promising therapeutic target in fILD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih‐Ying Chi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry SciencesCollege of Bioscience and BiotechnologyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Wei Hsiao
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry SciencesCollege of Bioscience and BiotechnologyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Hsin‐Yin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry SciencesCollege of Bioscience and BiotechnologyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan,International Research Center for Wound Repair and RegenerationNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Tang‐Hsiu Huang
- Division of Chest MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineNational Cheng Kung University HospitalCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan,Institute of Clinical MedicineCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Feng‐Wei Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Chen‐Yang Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry SciencesCollege of Bioscience and BiotechnologyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Chiung‐Yuan Ko
- Ph.D. Program in Medical NeuroscienceCollege of Medical Science and TechnologyTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chao‐Chun Cheng
- Institute of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan
| | - Ju‐Ming Wang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry SciencesCollege of Bioscience and BiotechnologyNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan,International Research Center for Wound Repair and RegenerationNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainanTaiwan,Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan,Graduate Institute of MedicineCollege of MedicineKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiungTaiwan
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Ku H, Chen JJY, Hu M, Tien PT, Lin HJ, Xu G, Wan L, Gan D. Myopia Development in Tree Shrew Is Associated with Chronic Inflammatory Reactions. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4303-4313. [PMID: 36135208 PMCID: PMC9498061 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate whether chronic retinal inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of form-deprivation myopia (FDM) using tree shrews as an animal model. Twenty-one tree shrews were randomly divided into 7-day/14-day FDM (FDM7/FDM14) groups and their corresponding 7-day/14-day control groups. Refraction and axial length were measured. To determine the effects of form deprivation on inflammation, we used real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry to assess the expression levels of several proinflammatory cytokines. At day 0, the eyes in the FDM and control groups were hyperopic. However, after 7 and 14 days of form deprivation, the refractive error of the eyes in the FDM7 and FDM14 groups shifted from +6.6 ± 0.3 diopters (D) to +4.0 ± 0.5 D and from +6.4 ± 0.3 D to +5.0 ± 0.3 D, respectively. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and nuclear factor κB were increased in the FDM eyes, compared with those in the control eyes. The increase in matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression was greater in the FDM eyes than in the contralateral and control eyes, whereas collagen type I expression was downregulated. In conclusion, chronic inflammation may play a crucial pathogenic role in form-deprivation myopia in tree shrews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiangyu Ku
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Min Hu
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Peng-Tai Tien
- Eye Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Lin
- Eye Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Gezhi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia of State Health Ministry, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lei Wan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (D.G.)
| | - Dekang Gan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (D.G.)
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12
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Bai X, Zhao G, Chen Q, Li Z, Gao M, Ho W, Xu X, Zhang XQ. Inhaled siRNA nanoparticles targeting IL11 inhibit lung fibrosis and improve pulmonary function post-bleomycin challenge. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn7162. [PMID: 35731866 PMCID: PMC9216512 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn7162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a profibrotic cytokine essential for the differentiation of fibroblasts into collagen-secreting, actin alpha 2, smooth muscle-positive (ACTA2+) myofibroblasts, driving processes underlying the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here, we developed an inhalable and mucus-penetrative nanoparticle (NP) system incorporating siRNA against IL11 (siIL11@PPGC NPs) and investigated therapeutic potential for the treatment of IPF. NPs are formulated through self-assembly of a biodegradable PLGA-PEG diblock copolymer and a self-created cationic lipid-like molecule G0-C14 to enable efficient transmucosal delivery of siIL11. Noninvasive aerosol inhalation hindered fibroblast differentiation and reduced ECM deposition via inhibition of ERK and SMAD2. Furthermore, siIL11@PPGC NPs significantly diminished fibrosis development and improved pulmonary function in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis without inducing systemic toxicity. This work presents a versatile NP platform for the locally inhaled delivery of siRNA therapeutics and exhibits promising clinical potential in the treatment of numerous respiratory diseases, including IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Guolin Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Qijing Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Mingzhu Gao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - William Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Xue-Qing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, and School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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13
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Kuhn P, Bubel M, Jennewein M, Guthörl S, Pohlemann T, Oberringer M. Dose-dependent dominance: How cell densities design stromal cell functions during soft tissue healing. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:439-450. [PMID: 35707856 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Regular soft tissue healing relies on the well-organized interaction of different stromal cell types with endothelial cells. However, spatiotemporal conditions might provoke high densities of one special stromal cell type, potentially leading to impaired healing. Detailed knowledge of the functions of rivaling stromal cell types aiming for tissue contraction and stabilization as well as vascular support is mandatory. By the application of an in vitro approach comprising the evaluation of cell proliferation, cell morphology, myofibroblastoid differentiation, and cytokine release, we verified a density-dependent modulation of these functions among juvenile and adult fibroblasts, pericytes, and adipose-derived stem cells during their interaction with microvascular endothelial cells in cocultures. Results indicate that juvenile fibroblasts rather support angiogenesis via paracrine regulation at the early stage of healing, a role potentially compromised in adult fibroblasts. In contrast, pericytes showed a more versatile character aiming at angiogenesis, vessel stabilization, and tissue contraction. Such a universal character was even more pronounced among adipose-derived stem cells. The explicit knowledge of the characteristic functions of stromal cell types is a prerequisite for the development of new analytical and therapeutic approaches for impaired soft tissue healing. The present study delivers new considerations concerning the roles of rivaling stromal cell types within a granulation tissue, pointing to extraordinary properties of pericytes and adipose-derived stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kuhn
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Monika Bubel
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martina Jennewein
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Silke Guthörl
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Tim Pohlemann
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Martin Oberringer
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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14
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Putranto AS, Suyatna FD, Soetikno V, Moenadjat Y. Novel and simple method using cable ties to induce intestinal strangulation in a rat model. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2022. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.oa.225799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis after strangulation in abdominal surgery is not fully understood. Developing an experimental and reliable method is needed to overcome this problem. This study aimed to develop an effective method for intestinal strangulation leading to fibrosis, which might induce intestinal obstruction.
METHODS This study was conducted from 2018 to 2019 at the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia. A total of 24 Sprague Dawley rats were used in this study. Artificial intestinal strangulation using cable ties made of durable plastic, which is generally used to ligate objects, was applied, and rats were further classified into control, 6-hour, and 24-hour strangulation groups. At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed, intestinal tissues were collected, and histomorphological changes were observed using hematoxylin and eosin stain. Moreover, Masson’s trichome staining was used to assess collagen density.
RESULTS Median collagen density score of the 24-hour strangulation group was higher than the control. A significant difference in collagen density was found between the submucosal layer of the 24-hour strangulation group and the control (45.4 [11.4] versus 32.4 [14.0], p<0.001) and between the mucosa of the 6- and 24-hour strangulation groups and the control (26.9 [17] versus 6.46 [4.3], p = 0.01 and 24.9 [8] versus 6.46 [4.3], p = 0.004, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS The simple use of cable ties adequately promotes intestinal strangulation.
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Chen CY, Tsai PH, Lin YH, Huang CY, Chung JHY, Chen GY. Controllable graphene oxide-based biocompatible hybrid interface as an anti-fibrotic coating for metallic implants. Mater Today Bio 2022; 15:100326. [PMID: 35761844 PMCID: PMC9233272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In tissue engineering, foreign body reactions (FBRs) that may occur after the insertion of medical implants are a considerable challenge. Materials currently used in implants are mainly metals that are non-organic, and the lack of biocompatibility and absence of immune regulations may lead to fibrosis after long periods of implantation. Here, we introduce a highly biocompatible hybrid interface of graphene oxide (GO) and collagen type I (COL-I), where the topological nanostructure can effectively inhibit the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. The structure and roughness of this coating interface can be easily adjusted at the nanoscale level through changes in the GO concentration, thereby effectively inducing the polarization of macrophages to the M1 state without producing excessive amounts of pro-inflammatory factors. Compared to nanomaterials or the extracellular matrix as an anti-fibrotic interface, this hybrid bio-interface has superior mechanical strength, physical structures, and high inflammation. Evidenced by inorganic materials such as glass, titanium, and nitinol, GO-COL shows great potential for use in medical implants and cell-material interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-You Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan.,Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsuan Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan.,Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
| | - Johnson H Y Chung
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan.,Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 300093, Taiwan
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16
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Susilo RJK, Winarni D, Hayaza S, Doong RA, Wahyuningsih SPA, Darmanto W. Effect of crude Ganoderma applanatum polysaccharides as a renoprotective agent against carbon tetrachloride-induced early kidney fibrosis in mice. Vet World 2022; 15:1022-1030. [PMID: 35698489 PMCID: PMC9178572 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1022-1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Interstitial fibrosis is the final stage of chronic kidney injury, which begins with an inflammatory process. Crude Ganoderma applanatum polysaccharides are known to have anti-inflammatory properties. The potential role of crude G. applanatum polysaccharides in renal fibrosis through pro-inflammatory cytokines needs further investigation. This study aimed to determine the renoprotective effect of crude G. applanatum polysaccharide extract in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced early kidney fibrosis. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted for 4 weeks using 24 male BALB/c mice selected for their metabolic stability. The mice were randomly divided into six groups, including control (CG), model (MG), silymarin group and crude G. applanatum polysaccharide extract groups comprising doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight. After sacrificing the mice, whole blood was analyzed for urea and creatine levels, and kidney tissue was prepared to assess tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), hyaluronic acid (HA), and laminin levels, both using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Kidney histology was determined using hematoxylin and eosin staining, while the extracellular matrix (ECM) components were stained using Masson’s trichome staining. The α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) concentration was determined using immunohistochemistry. These parameters were measured to determine the effectiveness of the crude G. applanatum polysaccharide extract in preventing interstitial fibrosis. Results: Administration of crude G. applanatum polysaccharides effectively prevented increases in kidney weight and physiological enzymes, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and ECM production compared with those in the MG, as evidenced by the low levels of urea, creatinine, TNF-α, IL-6, HA, and laminin. Histopathological results also showed that crude G. applanatum polysaccharides prevented the occurrence of inflammatory infiltration, desquamated nuclei, cytoplasm debris, rupture at the brush border, dilatation of the glomeruli space and lumen of the proximal tubule, and necrotic cells compared with the MG. Masson’s trichrome staining revealed lower collagen levels in the interstitial tubules of kidney tissue than those in the MG. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed low α-SMA expression in the crude G. applanatum polysaccharides treatment groups than that in the MG. Conclusion: The crude polysaccharide extract of G. applanatum has a protective effect that prevents the progression of kidney fibrosis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dwi Winarni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Suhailah Hayaza
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Ruey-An Doong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Sec. 2 Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | | | - Win Darmanto
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia; Institute of Science Technology and Health, Jl. Kemuning 57A, Jombang, Indonesia
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Liu L, Zhou W, Fan Y, Zhang L, Liu S, Song S, Li H. Effect of interleukin 6 on scleral fibroblast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis involved in myopic scleral remodeling. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 65:529-539. [DOI: 10.1159/000524502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Scleral hypoxia (HO) is present in myopic eyes, and interleukin (IL)-6 is increased in the aqueous humor of patients with high myopia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IL-6 on scleral fibroblast proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis under conditions of HO and the possible role of IL-6 in myopic scleral remodeling. Methods: Primary human scleral fibroblasts (HSFs) were cultured using a tissue mass adherent method. First, cells were cultured under conditions of HO (2% O2) or normoxia (NO, 20% O2) for different times. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of IL-6 in HSFs. Next, cells were divided into five groups: NO, HO, HO plus IL-6, HO plus interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor (IL6RI), and HO plus IL-6 and IL6RI. The groups were treated separately for 72 h. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to detect the expression of various genes in the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad2/matrix metalloproteinase-2 pathway; these methods and immunofluorescence were also used to detect transdifferentiation of HSFs. Results: HO resulted in upregulation of IL-6 expression in HSFs. Compared with NO, HO resulted in diminished cell proliferation and increased apoptosis and differentiation in HSFs; the above trend was further enhanced by the addition of IL6RI. Compared with the HO group, the addition of IL-6 led to a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in apoptosis and differentiation of HSFs; the above trends showed opposite changes after the addition of both IL-6 and IL6RI. Additionally, IL-6 and IL6RI exerted opposite regulatory effects on the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad2/matrix metalloproteinase-2 pathway under conditions of HO. Conclusion: HO caused HSFs to overexpress IL-6. IL-6 has a role in scleral remodeling in myopic eyes through affecting the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of HSFs.
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At the Intersection of Cardiology and Oncology: TGFβ as a Clinically Translatable Therapy for TNBC Treatment and as a Major Regulator of Post-Chemotherapy Cardiomyopathy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061577. [PMID: 35326728 PMCID: PMC8946238 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Specific/targeted therapies have been shown to be effective in the treatment of certain cancers. Unfortunately, there is currently no targeted therapy for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is why this subtype of breast cancer is associated with poor patient prognosis. While there is an immense focus on the development of new therapies, the issue of cardiotoxicity following chemotherapeutic treatment is commonly overlooked, despite its role as a leading cause of mortality in cancer survivors. This review aims to discuss the connection of TGF-β signaling and its role in modulating cardiac fibrosis and remodeling, as well as its role in TNBC tumor progression, cancer stem cell enrichment, chemoresistance and relapse. Together, we highlight the modulation of TGF-β as a method to target two of the greatest causes of morbidity and mortality in breast cancer patients. Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer that accounts for the majority of breast cancer-related deaths due to the lack of specific targets for effective treatments. While there is immense focus on the development of novel therapies for TNBC treatment, a persistent and critical issue is the rate of heart failure and cardiomyopathy, which is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity amongst cancer survivors. In this review, we highlight mechanisms of post-chemotherapeutic cardiotoxicity exposure, evaluate how this is assessed clinically and highlight the transforming growth factor-beta family (TGF-β) pathway and its significance as a mediator of cardiomyopathy. We also highlight recent findings demonstrating TGF-β inhibition as a potent method to prevent cardiac remodeling, fibrosis and cardiomyopathy. We describe how dysregulation of the TGF-β pathway is associated with negative patient outcomes across 32 types of cancer, including TNBC. We then highlight how TGF-β modulation may be a potent method to target mesenchymal (CD44+/CD24−) and epithelial (ALDHhigh) cancer stem cell (CSC) populations in TNBC models. CSCs are associated with tumorigenesis, metastasis, relapse, resistance and diminished patient prognosis; however, due to plasticity and differential regulation, these populations remain difficult to target and continue to present a major barrier to successful therapy. TGF-β inhibition represents an intersection of two fields: cardiology and oncology. Through the inhibition of cardiomyopathy, cardiac damage and heart failure may be prevented, and through CSC targeting, patient prognoses may be improved. Together, both approaches, if successfully implemented, would target the two greatest causes of cancer-related morbidity in patients and potentially lead to a breakthrough therapy.
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Bayram B, Thaler R, Bettencourt JW, Limberg AK, Sheehan KP, Owen AR, Berry DJ, Morrey ME, Sanchez‐Sotelo J, Wijnen AJ, Dudakovic A, Abdel MP. Human outgrowth knee fibroblasts from patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty exhibit a unique gene expression profile and undergo myofibroblastogenesis upon TGFβ1 stimulation. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:878-892. [PMID: 35224764 PMCID: PMC9133128 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Arthrofibrosis is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition that results in restricted joint motion after total knee arthroplasties (TKAs). Currently, treatment options are limited. Therefore, an in vitro model of knee-related myofibroblastogenesis is valuable to facilitate investigation of the arthrofibrotic process, diagnostic and therapeutic options. In this study, we obtained intraoperative posterior capsule (PC), quadriceps tendon (QT), and suprapatellar pouch (SP) tissues from the knees of four patients undergoing primary TKAs for osteoarthritis. From these tissues, we isolated primary cells by the outgrowth method and subsequently characterized these cells in the absence and presence of the pro-myofibroblastic cytokine, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1). Light microscopy of knee outgrowth cells revealed spindle-shaped cells, and immunofluorescence (IF) analysis demonstrated staining for the fibroblast-specific markers TE-7 and vimentin (VIM). These knee outgrowth fibroblasts differentiated readily into myofibroblasts as reflected by enhanced α-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2) mRNA and protein expression and increased mRNA expression of collagen type 1 (COL1A1) and type 3 (COL3A1) with collagenous matrix deposition in the presence of TGFβ1. Outgrowth knee fibroblasts were more sensitive to TGFβ1-mediated myofibroblastogenesis than adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs). While outgrowth knee fibroblasts isolated from three anatomical regions in four patients exhibited similar gene expression, these cells are distinct from other fibroblastic cell types (i.e., Dupuytren's fibroblasts) as revealed by RNA-sequencing. In conclusion, our study provides an in vitro myofibroblastic model of outgrowth knee fibroblasts derived from patients undergoing primary TKA that can be utilized to study myofibroblastogenesis and assess therapeutic strategies for arthrofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Bayram
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | | | - Afton K. Limberg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Kevin P. Sheehan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Aaron R. Owen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Daniel J. Berry
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Mark E. Morrey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | | | - Andre J. Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
- Department of Internal Medicine Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam the Netherlands
| | - Amel Dudakovic
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Matthew P. Abdel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
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20
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Grant MP, Henley N, Dubuissez M, Chen N, Hartmann U, Royal V, Barbier O, Pichette V, Gerarduzzi C. Sub-chronic oral exposure of tungsten induces markers of kidney injury. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 322:C205-C217. [PMID: 34852206 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00277.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tungsten is a naturally occurring transition element used in a broad range of applications. As a result of its extensive use, we are increasingly exposed to tungsten from our environment, including potable water, since tungsten can become bioaccessible in ground sources. The kidneys are particularly susceptible to tungsten exposure as this is the main site for tungsten excretion. In this study, we investigated the prolonged effects of tungsten on the kidneys and how this may impact injury and function. When mice were exposed to tungsten in their drinking water for 1-month, kidney function had not significantly changed. Following 3-month exposure, mice were presented with deterioration in kidney function as determined by serum and urine creatinine levels. During 3-months of tungsten exposure, murine kidneys demonstrated significant increases in the myofibroblast marker ⍺SMA, and extracellular matrix products: fibronectin, collagen, and matricellular proteins. In addition, Masson's trichrome and H&E staining revealed an increase in fibrotic tissue and vacuolization of tubular epithelial cells, respectively, from kidneys of tungsten-treated mice, indicative of renal injury. In vitro treatment of kidney fibroblasts with tungsten led to increased proliferation and upregulation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFβ1), which was consistent with the appearance of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) markers. Our data suggest that continuous exposure to tungsten impairs kidney function that may lead to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Grant
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nathalie Henley
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Faculté de Médecine, Centre affilié à l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marion Dubuissez
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Faculté de Médecine, Centre affilié à l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nan Chen
- Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ursula Hartmann
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Virginie Royal
- Départment de Pathologie, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Olivier Barbier
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Vincent Pichette
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Faculté de Médecine, Centre affilié à l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec; Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec; Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Montreal, Canada
| | - Casimiro Gerarduzzi
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Faculté de Médecine, Centre affilié à l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec; Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec; Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Montreal, Canada
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Hopes and Hurdles of Employing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Cardiac Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313000. [PMID: 34884805 PMCID: PMC8657815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive cardiac fibrosis plays a crucial role in almost all types of heart disease. Generally, cardiac fibrosis is a scarring process triggered in response to stress, injury, or aging and is characterized by the accumulation of activated myofibroblasts that deposit high levels of extracellular matrix proteins in the myocardium. While it is beneficial for cardiac repair in the short term, it can also result in pathological remodeling, tissue stiffening, and cardiac dysfunction, contributing to the progression of heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden cardiac death. Despite its high prevalence, there is a lack of effective and safe therapies that specifically target myofibroblasts to inhibit or even reverse pathological cardiac fibrosis. In the past few decades, cell therapy has been under continuous evaluation as a potential treatment strategy, and several studies have shown that transplantation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can reduce cardiac fibrosis and improve heart function. Mechanistically, it is believed that the heart benefits from MSC therapy by stimulating innate anti-fibrotic and regenerative reactions. The mechanisms of action include paracrine signaling and cell-to-cell interactions. In this review, we provide an overview of the anti-fibrotic properties of MSCs and approaches to enhance them and discuss future directions of MSCs for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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22
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Cherry C, Maestas DR, Han J, Andorko JI, Cahan P, Fertig EJ, Garmire LX, Elisseeff JH. Computational reconstruction of the signalling networks surrounding implanted biomaterials from single-cell transcriptomics. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:1228-1238. [PMID: 34341534 PMCID: PMC9894531 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the foreign-body responses to implanted biomaterials would benefit from the reconstruction of intracellular and intercellular signalling networks in the microenvironment surrounding the implant. Here, by leveraging single-cell RNA-sequencing data from 42,156 cells collected from the site of implantation of either polycaprolactone or an extracellular-matrix-derived scaffold in a mouse model of volumetric muscle loss, we report a computational analysis of intercellular signalling networks reconstructed from predictions of transcription-factor activation. We found that intercellular signalling networks can be clustered into modules associated with specific cell subsets, and that biomaterial-specific responses can be characterized by interactions between signalling modules for immune, fibroblast and tissue-specific cells. In a Il17ra-/- mouse model, we validated that predicted interleukin-17-linked transcriptional targets led to concomitant changes in gene expression. Moreover, we identified cell subsets that had not been implicated in the responses to implanted biomaterials. Single-cell atlases of the cellular responses to implanted biomaterials will facilitate the design of implantable biomaterials and the understanding of the ensuing cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cherry
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - David R Maestas
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jin Han
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - James I Andorko
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Patrick Cahan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lana X Garmire
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. MI 48105
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Wilmer Eye Institute and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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23
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Smith RKW, McIlwraith CW. "One Health" in tendinopathy research: Current concepts. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1596-1602. [PMID: 33713481 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Tendinopathy remains one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders affecting both human and equine athletes and presents a considerable therapeutic challenge. The following workshop report comes from the third Dorothy Havemeyer Symposium of Tendinopathy which provided a unique overview of our current understanding of both the basic science and the clinical challenges for diagnosing and treating tendinopathy in both species. Pathologically, tendon demonstrates alterations in both cellular, molecular, structural, and biomechanical features, leading to a spectrum of pathological endotypes. To develop novel interventions to manage, treat or prevent tendinopathies it is vital to understand the underlying mechanisms that lead to both tendon failure, and also regeneration and resolution of inflammation. The horse shows analogous pathology with both human Achilles tendinopathy (superficial digital flexor tendon) and intrathecal rotator cuff tears (deep digital flexor tendon tears) enabling scientists and clinicians from both medical and veterinary fields to work jointly on matching naturally occurring disease models. The experience in human medicine on the design, conduct, and impact of clinical trials has much to inform clinical trials in horses. There is a need to design appropriate studies to address clear questions, socialize the study to achieve good enrollment, and consider the significance and impact of the clinical question as well as the cost of addressing it. Because economics is often a limitation in equine medicine the use of observational studies, and specifically registries, should be given careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger K W Smith
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts, UK
| | - C Wayne McIlwraith
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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24
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Ye Y, Xu L, Ding H, Wang X, Luo J, Zhang Y, Zen K, Fang Y, Dai C, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Jiang L, Yang J. Pyruvate kinase M2 mediates fibroblast proliferation to promote tubular epithelial cell survival in acute kidney injury. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21706. [PMID: 34160104 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100040r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating condition with high morbidity and mortality rates. The pathological features of AKI are tubular injury, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and impaired vascular integrity. Pyruvate kinase is the final rate-limiting enzyme in the glycolysis pathway. We previously showed that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) plays an important role in regulating the glycolytic reprogramming of fibroblasts in renal interstitial fibrosis. The present study aimed to determine the role of PKM2 in fibroblast activation during the pathogenesis of AKI. We found increased numbers of S100A4 positive cells expressing PKM2 in renal tissues from mice with AKI induced via folic acid or ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The loss of PKM2 in fibroblasts impaired fibroblast proliferation and promoted tubular epithelial cell death including apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Mechanistically, fibroblasts produced less hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in response to a loss of PKM2. Moreover, in two AKI mouse models, fibroblast-specific deletion of PKM2 blocked HGF signal activation and aggravated AKI after it was induced in mice via ischemia or folic acid. Fibroblast proliferation mediated by PKM2 elicits pro-survival signals that repress tubular cell death and may help to prevent AKI progression. Fibroblast activation mediated by PKM2 in AKI suggests that targeting PKM2 expression could be a novel strategy for treating AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Ye
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nephrology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University Advanced Institute of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Merkt W, Zhou Y, Han H, Lagares D. Myofibroblast fate plasticity in tissue repair and fibrosis: Deactivation, apoptosis, senescence and reprogramming. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:678-691. [PMID: 34117675 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In response to tissue injury, fibroblasts differentiate into professional repair cells called myofibroblasts, which orchestrate many aspects of the normal tissue repair programme including synthesis, deposition and contraction of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to wound closure. Successful tissue repair responses involve termination of myofibroblast activities in order to prevent pathologic fibrotic scarring. Here, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms limiting myofibroblast activities during physiological tissue repair, including myofibroblast deactivation, apoptosis, reprogramming and immune clearance of senescent myofibroblasts. In addition, we summarize pathological mechanisms leading to myofibroblast persistence and survival, a hallmark of fibrotic diseases. Finally, we discuss emerging anti-fibrotic therapies aimed at targeting myofibroblast fate such as senolytics, gene therapy, cellular immunotherapy and CAR-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Merkt
- Fibrosis Research Center, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Hematology, Oncology and Rheumatology, Internal Medicine V, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan Zhou
- Fibrosis Research Center, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Physiology, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongwei Han
- Fibrosis Research Center, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David Lagares
- Fibrosis Research Center, Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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Budi EH, Schaub JR, Decaris M, Turner S, Derynck R. TGF-β as a driver of fibrosis: physiological roles and therapeutic opportunities. J Pathol 2021; 254:358-373. [PMID: 33834494 DOI: 10.1002/path.5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many chronic diseases are marked by fibrosis, which is defined by an abundance of activated fibroblasts and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, resulting in loss of normal function of the affected organs. The initiation and progression of fibrosis are elaborated by pro-fibrotic cytokines, the most critical of which is transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). This review focuses on the fibrogenic roles of increased TGF-β activities and underlying signaling mechanisms in the activated fibroblast population and other cell types that contribute to progression of fibrosis. Insight into these roles and mechanisms of TGF-β as a universal driver of fibrosis has stimulated the development of therapeutic interventions to attenuate fibrosis progression, based on interference with TGF-β signaling. Their promise in preclinical and clinical settings will be discussed. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erine H Budi
- Pliant Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Scott Turner
- Pliant Therapeutics Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rik Derynck
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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27
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Cymbopogon winterianus Essential Oil Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in a Murine Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050679. [PMID: 34065064 PMCID: PMC8150729 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil of Cymbopogon winterianus (EOCW) is a natural product with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties. We studied the effect of EOCW in the progression of histological changes of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in a rodent model. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin was performed in 30 rats to induce PF, while Sham animals were subjected to instillation of saline solution. The treatment was performed using daily oral administration of distilled water, EOCW at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, and deflazacort (DFC). After 28 days, hemogram and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were assayed. Histological grading of PF, immunohistochemical expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were also analyzed. The EOCW major compounds were found to be citronellal, geraniol, and citronellol. EOCW significantly reduced inflammation in BALF, reduced MDA levels, and increased SOD activity. EOCW attenuated histological grading of PF and reduced immunohistochemical expression of α-SMA and TGF-β in a dose-dependent way, likely due to the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and TGF-β-induced myofibroblast differentiation.
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28
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Qu J, Li M, Li D, Xin Y, Li J, Lei S, Wu W, Liu X. Stimulation of Sigma-1 Receptor Protects against Cardiac Fibrosis by Alleviating IRE1 Pathway and Autophagy Impairment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8836818. [PMID: 33488945 PMCID: PMC7801073 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8836818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (Sig1R), a chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, has been implicated in cardiac hypertrophy; however, its role in cardiac fibroblast activation has not been established. This study investigated the possible association between Sig1R and this activation by subjecting mice to sham, transverse aortic constriction (TAC), and TAC plus fluvoxamine (an agonist of Sig1R) treatments. Cardiac function and fibrosis were evaluated four weeks later by echocardiography and histological staining. In an in vitro study, neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts were treated with fluvoxamine or NE-100 (an antagonist of Sig1R) in the presence or absence of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1). Fibrotic markers, ER stress pathways, and autophagy were then investigated by qPCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Fluvoxamine treatment reduced cardiac fibrosis, preserved cardiac function, and attenuated cardiac fibroblast activation. Inhibition of the IRE1/XBP1 pathway, a branch of ER stress, by a specific inhibitor of IRE1 endonuclease activity, attenuated the pathological process. Fluvoxamine stimulation of Sig1R restored autophagic flux in cardiac fibroblasts, indicating that Sig1R appears to play a protective role in the activation of cardiac fibroblasts by inhibiting the IRE1 pathway and restoring autophagic flux. Sig1R may therefore represent a therapeutic target for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Miaoling Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Dongxu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanguo Xin
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junli Li
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Song Lei
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wenchao Wu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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29
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Cutolo M, Soldano S, Montagna P, Martinelli G, Tardito S, Corallo C, Giordano N, Tavilla P, Cozzani E, Parodi A, Sulli A, Pizzorni C, Patane M, Smith V, Paolino S. Apremilast interferes with the TGFβ1-induced transition of human skin fibroblasts into profibrotic myofibroblasts: in vitro study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:3927-3938. [PMID: 32725130 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and extracellular matrix overproduction represent progressive events in chronic inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, in which TGFβ1 is one of the key mediators. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) acts as a proinflammatory enzyme through the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and it is overexpressed in skin fibroblasts. The study investigated how apremilast (a PDE4 inhibitor) interferes with the intracellular signalling pathways responsible for the TGFβ1-induced fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and profibrotic extracellular matrix protein synthesis. METHODS Cultured human skin fibroblasts were stimulated with TGFβ1 (10 ng/ml) alone or combined with apremilast (1 and 10 μM) for 4, 16 and 24 h. Other aliquots of the same cells were previously stimulated with TGFβ1 and then treated with apremilast (1 and 10 μM) for 4, 16 and 24 h, always under stimulation with TGFβ1. Gene and protein expression of αSMA, type I collagen (COL1) and fibronectin were evaluated, together with the activation of small mothers against decapentaplegic 2 and 3 (Smad2/3) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk1/2) proteins. RESULTS Apremilast reduced the TGFβ1-induced increase in αSMA, COL1 and fibronectin gene expression at 4 and 16 h, and protein synthesis at 24 h of treatment in cultured fibroblasts, even for cells already differentiated into myofibroblasts by way of a previous stimulation with TGFβ1. Apremilast inhibited the TGFβ1-induced Smad2/3 and Erk1/2 phosphorylation at 15 and 30 min. CONCLUSION Apremilast seems to inhibit in vitro the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and the profibrotic activity induced by TGFβ1 in cultured human skin fibroblasts by downregulating Smad2/3 and Erk1/2 intracellular signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Stefano Soldano
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Paola Montagna
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Giulia Martinelli
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Samuele Tardito
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Claudio Corallo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Scleroderma Unit, University of Siena, Siena
| | - Nicola Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Scleroderma Unit, University of Siena, Siena
| | - Pierpaolo Tavilla
- Department of Health Science, Unit of Dermatology, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Cozzani
- Department of Health Science, Unit of Dermatology, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aurora Parodi
- Department of Health Science, Unit of Dermatology, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Sulli
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Carmen Pizzorni
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Massimo Patane
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University.,Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Paolino
- Research Laboratory and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, IRCCS Polyclinic San Martino Hospital, Genoa
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Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final pathological process common to any ongoing, chronic kidney injury or maladaptive repair. Renal fibrosis is considered to be closely related to various cell types, such as fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, T cells, and other inflammatory cells. Multiple types of cells regulate renal fibrosis through the recruitment, proliferation, and activation of fibroblasts, and the production of the extracellular matrix. Cell trafficking is orchestrated by a family of small proteins called chemokines. Chemokines are cytokines with chemotactic properties, which are classified into 4 groups: CXCL, CCL, CX3CL, and XCL. Similarly, chemokine receptors are G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptors classified into 4 groups: XCR, CCR, CXCR, and CX3CR. Chemokine receptors are also implicated in the infiltration, differentiation, and survival of functional cells, triggering inflammation that leads to fibrosis development. In this review, we summarize the different chemokine receptors involved in the processes of fibrosis in different cell types. Further studies are required to identify the molecular mechanisms of chemokine signaling that contribute to renal fibrosis.
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31
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Rocher M, Robert PY, Desmoulière A. The myofibroblast, biological activities and roles in eye repair and fibrosis. A focus on healing mechanisms in avascular cornea. Eye (Lond) 2019; 34:232-240. [PMID: 31767967 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0684-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue healing is one of the mysteries of modern medicine. Healing involves complex processes and many cellular types, amongst which the myofibroblast plays a major role. In the eye, when needed, myofibroblasts can be found from the cornea to the retina, derived from a wide variety of different cells, and aimed at effectively repairing tissue damage. Myofibroblast differentiation requires transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, the presence of specific extracellular matrix components such as the ED-A domain of fibronectin, and mechanical tension. Control of this process may, in some cases, be abnormal leading to development of fibrotic tissue, which alters and compromises the integrity of the original tissue. The eye is no exception to this rule with normal visual function, a highly demanding process, only possible in a fully integrated organ. The cornea, a transparent protective tissue and first dioptre of the eye, has the particularity of being entirely avascular and very richly innervated under normal physiological conditions. However, these anatomical features do not prevent it from developing myofibroblasts in the event of a deep corneal lesion. Activated by growth factors such as TGF-β1 and platelet-derived growth factor from the aqueous humour, tears or corneal epithelial cells, myofibroblasts can cause corneal scarring, sometimes with devastating consequences. Understanding the factors involved in healing and its signalling pathways, will potentially enable us to control corneal healing in the future, and thus avoid fibrotic ocular surface disease and the blindness that this may induce. Currently, this issue is the subject of very active research and development with the aim of discovering new antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Rocher
- Department of Ophthalmology, Limoges University Hospital, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Robert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Limoges University Hospital, F-87000, Limoges, France
| | - Alexis Desmoulière
- Department of Physiology and EA 6309, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Limoges, F-87000, Limoges, France.
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32
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Gwon MG, An HJ, Kim JY, Kim WH, Gu H, Kim HJ, Leem J, Jung HJ, Park KK. Anti-fibrotic effects of synthetic TGF-β1 and Smad oligodeoxynucleotide on kidney fibrosis in vivo and in vitro through inhibition of both epithelial dedifferentiation and endothelial-mesenchymal transitions. FASEB J 2019; 34:333-349. [PMID: 31914629 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901307rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is a common process of various kidney diseases leading to end-stage renal failure irrespective of etiology. Myofibroblasts are crucial mediators in kidney fibrosis through production of extracellular matrix (ECM), but their origin has not been clearly identified. Many study proposed that epithelial and endothelial cells become myofibroblasts by epithelial dedifferentiation and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). TGF-β1/Smad signaling plays a crucial role in partly epithelial-mensencymal transition (EMT) and EndoMT. Thus, we designed the TGF-β1/Smad oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN), a synthetic short DNA containing complementary sequence for Smad transcription factor and TGF-β1 mRNA. Therefore, this study investigated the anti-fibrotic effect of synthetic TGF-β1/Smad ODN on UUO-induced kidney fibrosis in vivo model and TGF-β1-induced in vitro model. To examine the effect of TGF-β1/Smad ODN, we performed various experiments to evaluate kidney fibrosis. The results showed that UUO induced inflammation, ECM accumulation, epithelial dedifferentiation and EndoMT processes, and tubular atrophy. However, synthetic TGF-β1/Smad ODN significantly suppressed UUO-induced fibrosis. Furthermore, synthetic ODN attenuated TGF-β1-induced epithelial dedifferentiation and EndoMT program via blocking TGF-β1/Smad signaling. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that administration of synthetic TGF-β1/Smad ODN attenuates kidney fibrosis, epithelial dedifferentiation, and EndoMT processes. The findings propose the possibility of synthetic ODN as a new effective therapeutic tool for kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Gyeong Gwon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin An
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yeon Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Hae Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Gu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaechan Leem
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jung
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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St-Jean G, Tsoi M, Abedini A, Levasseur A, Rico C, Morin M, Djordjevic B, Miinalainen I, Kaarteenaho R, Paquet M, Gévry N, Boyer A, Vanderhyden B, Boerboom D. Lats1 and Lats2 are required for the maintenance of multipotency in the Müllerian duct mesenchyme. Development 2019; 146:dev.180430. [PMID: 31575647 DOI: 10.1242/dev.180430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
WNT signaling plays essential roles in the development and function of the female reproductive tract. Although crosstalk with the Hippo pathway is a key regulator of WNT signaling, whether Hippo itself plays a role in female reproductive biology remains largely unknown. Here, we show that conditional deletion of the key Hippo kinases Lats1 and Lats2 in mouse Müllerian duct mesenchyme cells caused them to adopt the myofibroblast cell fate, resulting in profound reproductive tract developmental defects and sterility. Myofibroblast differentiation was attributed to increased YAP and TAZ expression (but not to altered WNT signaling), leading to the direct transcriptional upregulation of Ctgf and the activation of the myofibroblast genetic program. Müllerian duct mesenchyme cells also became myofibroblasts in male mutant embryos, which impeded the development of the male reproductive tract and resulted in cryptorchidism. The inactivation of Lats1/2 in differentiated uterine stromal cells in vitro did not compromise their ability to decidualize, suggesting that Hippo is dispensable during implantation. We conclude that Hippo signaling is required to suppress the myofibroblast genetic program and maintain multipotency in Müllerian mesenchyme cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume St-Jean
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Mayra Tsoi
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Atefeh Abedini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Adrien Levasseur
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Charlène Rico
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Martin Morin
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Bojana Djordjevic
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | | | - Riitta Kaarteenaho
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, 90029, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marilène Paquet
- Département de Pathologie et de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gévry
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Alexandre Boyer
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Barbara Vanderhyden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Derek Boerboom
- Département de Biomédecine Vétérinaire, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6, Canada
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Effects of isocorynoxeine, from Uncaria, on lower urinary tract dysfunction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia via antagonism of α1A-adrenoceptors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 376:95-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Christine T, Tarigan AP, Ananda FR. The Correlation between Levels of Transforming Growth Factor-β with Pulmonary Fibrosis in Post Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Medan, North Sumatera - Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2075-2078. [PMID: 31456828 PMCID: PMC6698110 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untreated or undertreated, pulmonary tuberculosis could cause severe complications until death. After treatment, residual lesions might occur. The presence of residual lesions is varied, including fibrosis, cavity, bronchiectasis and calcification. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine associated with lung inflammation, which plays a role in lung fibrosis. However, only a few studies have assessed the serum level of TGF-β in post-treatment tuberculosis patients. AIM The main objective of this study was to determine the correlation between TGF-β levels and pulmonary fibrosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. DESIGN A group of 51 patients that had undergone anti-tuberculosis treatment were observed, consisting of 31 men, 20 women. Of all patients, there were 26 people with a smoking history, including 25 men and 1 woman. All patients had been recovered, confirmed by the clinical state, laboratory and radiology examination. The ELISA test was performed to measure TGF-β level, while the chest X-ray was used to look for the occurrence of pulmonary fibrosis. RESULTS The mean level of TGF-β in patients with a lesion (+) was 7628.02 (SD: ± 4928.38) while the mean level of TGF-β in patients with a lesion (-) was 2315.11 (SD: ± 505.83). The statistical test showed a significant relationship between TGF-β level and fibrosis lesion (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION TGF-β level was significantly higher in post-tuberculosis patients with pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Christine
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara (USU), Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Amira Permatasari Tarigan
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara (USU), Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Fannie Rizki Ananda
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sumatera Utara (USU), Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, Indonesia
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Fix C, Carver-Molina A, Chakrabarti M, Azhar M, Carver W. Effects of the isothiocyanate sulforaphane on TGF-β1-induced rat cardiac fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix interactions. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13931-13941. [PMID: 30609032 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An important step in many pathological conditions, particularly tissue and organ fibrosis, is the conversion of relatively quiescent cells into active myofibroblasts. These are highly specialized cells that participate in normal wound healing but also contribute to pathogenesis. These cells possess characteristics of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, have enhanced synthetic activity secreting abundant extracellular matrix components, cytokines, and growth factors, and are capable of generating contractile force. As such, these cells have become potential therapeutic targets in a number of disease settings. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a potent stimulus of fibrosis and myofibroblast formation and likewise is an important therapeutic target in several disease conditions. The plant-derived isothiocyanate sulforaphane has been shown to have protective effects in several pathological models including diabetic cardiomyopathy, carcinogenesis, and fibrosis. These studies suggest that sulforaphane may be an attractive preventive agent against disease progression, particularly in conditions involving alterations of the extracellular matrix and activation of myofibroblasts. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of sulforaphane on cardiac fibroblast activation and their interactions with the extracellular matrix. The present studies were carried out to determine the potential effects of sulforaphane on the conversion of quiescent cardiac fibroblasts to an activated myofibroblast phenotype and associated alterations in signaling, expression of extracellular matrix receptors, and cellular physiology following stimulation with TGF-β1. These studies demonstrate that sulforaphane attenuates TGF-β1-induced myofibroblast formation and contractile activity. Sulforaphane also reduces expression of collagen-binding integrins and inhibits canonical and noncanonical TGF-β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity Fix
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Amanda Carver-Molina
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Mohamad Azhar
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Wayne Carver
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
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37
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Higashi AY, Aronow BJ, Dressler GR. Expression Profiling of Fibroblasts in Chronic and Acute Disease Models Reveals Novel Pathways in Kidney Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 30:80-94. [PMID: 30545984 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018060644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal interstitial fibrosis results from activation and proliferation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, secretion and accumulation of extracellular matrix, and displacement of normal renal tubules. In contrast to chronic renal disease, acute injury may be repaired, a process that includes a decrease in the number of myofibroblasts in the interstitium and degradation of the accumulated extracellular matrix, leaving little evidence of prior injury. METHODS To investigate whether activated fibroblasts demonstrate changes in gene expression that correspond with regression after acute injury but are not observed in chronic models of fibrosis, we used microarrays to analyze gene expression patterns among fibroblast populations at different stages of injury or repair. We then mined the data for signaling pathways in fibroblasts corresponding to the acute proliferative, regression, and chronic phases of renal injury. RESULTS We identified multiple gene clusters with changes that correlate with the three phases of renal injury, including changes in levels of receptors for the antifibrotic factor PGE2. In adult renal fibroblast cultures, PGE2 was able to upregulate many genes that are suppressed by the profibrotic cytokine TGF-β, whereas many PGE2-downregulated genes were activated by TGF-β. High levels of TGF-β suppressed expression of a subset of PG receptors in fibroblast cultures, making these cells resistant to any effects of PGE2. CONCLUSIONS Inherent gene expression changes in activated fibroblasts accompany the transition from AKI to repair and regeneration. In chronic models, however, activated fibroblasts are resistant to the antifibrotic effects of PGE2 due to suppression of a subset of PGE receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Y Higashi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gregory R Dressler
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
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38
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Cui X, Sun X, Lu F, Jiang X. Baicalein represses TGF-β1-induced fibroblast differentiation through the inhibition of miR-21. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 358:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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39
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Miao YF, Li J, Zhang YM, Zhu L, Chen H, Yuan L, Hu J, Yi XL, Wu QT, Wan MH, Tang WF. Sheng-jiang powder ameliorates obesity-induced pancreatic inflammatory injury via stimulating activation of the AMPK signalling pathway in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4448-4461. [PMID: 30356974 PMCID: PMC6196332 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i39.4448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the mechanisms by which Sheng-jiang powder (SJP) ameliorates obesity-induced pancreatic inflammatory injury.
METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: normal group (NG), obese group (HLG), or SJP treatment group (HSG). Obesity was induced by feeding a high-fat diet in the HLG and HSG, while the NG received standard chow. Rats were euthanized after 12 wk, and blood and pancreatic tissues were collected for histopathological analyses. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) expression, serum triglyceride and adiponectin levels, and apoptosis in pancreatic acinar cells were assessed. A high-fat AR42J acinar cell injury model was established using very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). AR42J acinar cell culture supernatant, treated with different interventions, was applied to seven groups of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). The proliferation of PSCs and the expression of fibronectin and type I collagenase were assessed.
RESULTS Compared with the NG, we found higher pathological scores for pancreatic tissues, lower serum adiponectin levels, higher expression levels of NF-κB in pancreatic tissues and TGF-β in pancreatic inflammatory cells, and increased apoptosis among pancreatic acinar cells for the HLG (P < 0.05). Compared with the HLG, we found reduced body weight, Lee’s index scores, serum triglyceride levels, and pathological scores for pancreatic tissues; higher serum adiponectin levels; and lower expression levels of NF-κB, in pancreatic tissue and TGF-β in pancreatic inflammatory cells for the HSG (P < 0.05). The in vitro studies showed enhanced PSC activation and increased expression levels of fibronectin and type I collagenase after SJP treatment. An adenosine 5‘-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor inhibited PSC activation.
CONCLUSION SJP may ameliorate obesity-induced pancreatic inflammatory injury in rats by regulating key molecules of the adiponectin-AMPK signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Miao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu-Mei Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lv Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yi
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiu-Ting Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Mei-Hua Wan
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Fu Tang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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40
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Abstract
Worldwide, myopia is the leading cause of visual impairment. It results from inappropriate extension of the ocular axis and concomitant declines in scleral strength and thickness caused by extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. However, the identities of the initiators and signaling pathways that induce scleral ECM remodeling in myopia are unknown. Here, we used single-cell RNA-sequencing to identify pathways activated in the sclera during myopia development. We found that the hypoxia-signaling, the eIF2-signaling, and mTOR-signaling pathways were activated in murine myopic sclera. Consistent with the role of hypoxic pathways in mouse model of myopia, nearly one third of human myopia risk genes from the genome-wide association study and linkage analyses interact with genes in the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-signaling pathway. Furthermore, experimental myopia selectively induced HIF-1α up-regulation in the myopic sclera of both mice and guinea pigs. Additionally, hypoxia exposure (5% O2) promoted myofibroblast transdifferentiation with down-regulation of type I collagen in human scleral fibroblasts. Importantly, the antihypoxia drugs salidroside and formononetin down-regulated HIF-1α expression as well as the phosphorylation levels of eIF2α and mTOR, slowing experimental myopia progression without affecting normal ocular growth in guinea pigs. Furthermore, eIF2α phosphorylation inhibition suppressed experimental myopia, whereas mTOR phosphorylation induced myopia in normal mice. Collectively, these findings defined an essential role of hypoxia in scleral ECM remodeling and myopia development, suggesting a therapeutic approach to control myopia by ameliorating hypoxia.
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Hill MR, Philp CJ, Billington CK, Tatler AL, Johnson SR, O'Dea RD, Brook BS. A theoretical model of inflammation- and mechanotransduction-driven asthmatic airway remodelling. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2018; 17:1451-1470. [PMID: 29968161 PMCID: PMC6154265 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-1037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, airway hyper-responsiveness and airway remodelling are well-established hallmarks of asthma, but their inter-relationships remain elusive. In order to obtain a better understanding of their inter-dependence, we develop a mechanochemical morphoelastic model of the airway wall accounting for local volume changes in airway smooth muscle (ASM) and extracellular matrix in response to transient inflammatory or contractile agonist challenges. We use constrained mixture theory, together with a multiplicative decomposition of growth from the elastic deformation, to model the airway wall as a nonlinear fibre-reinforced elastic cylinder. Local contractile agonist drives ASM cell contraction, generating mechanical stresses in the tissue that drive further release of mitogenic mediators and contractile agonists via underlying mechanotransductive signalling pathways. Our model predictions are consistent with previously described inflammation-induced remodelling within an axisymmetric airway geometry. Additionally, our simulations reveal novel mechanotransductive feedback by which hyper-responsive airways exhibit increased remodelling, for example, via stress-induced release of pro-mitogenic and pro-contractile cytokines. Simulation results also reveal emergence of a persistent contractile tone observed in asthmatics, via either a pathological mechanotransductive feedback loop, a failure to clear agonists from the tissue, or a combination of both. Furthermore, we identify various parameter combinations that may contribute to the existence of different asthma phenotypes, and we illustrate a combination of factors which may predispose severe asthmatics to fatal bronchospasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hill
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Room C25, Mathematical Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Christopher J Philp
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, D Floor, South Block, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Charlotte K Billington
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, D Floor, South Block, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Amanda L Tatler
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Simon R Johnson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, D Floor, South Block, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Reuben D O'Dea
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Room C28, Mathematical Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Bindi S Brook
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Room C26, Mathematical Sciences Building, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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42
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Sabbineni H, Verma A, Somanath PR. Isoform-specific effects of transforming growth factor β on endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8418-8428. [PMID: 29856065 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) was first reported in the embryogenesis. Recent studies show that EndMT also occurs in the disease progression of atherosclerosis, cardiac and pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, and cancer. Although transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is crucial for EndMT, it is not clear which isoform elicits a predominant effect. The current study aims to directly compare the dose-dependent effects of TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and TGFβ3 on EndMT and characterize the underlying mechanisms. In our results, all three TGFβ isoforms induced EndMT in human microvascular endothelial cells after 72 hr, as evidenced by the increased expression of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin as well as the decreased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Interestingly, the effect of TGFβ2 was the most pronounced. At 1 ng/ml, only TGFβ2 treatment resulted in significantly increased phosphorylation (activation) of Smad2/3 and p38-MAPK and increased expression of mesenchymal transcription factors Snail and FoxC2. Intriguingly, we observed that treatment with 1 ng/ml TGFβ1 and TGFβ3, but not TGFβ2, resulted in an increased expression of TGFβ2, thus indicating that EndMT with TGFβ1 and TGFβ3 treatments was due to the secondary effects through TGFβ2 secretion. Furthermore, silencing TGFβ2 using small interfering RNA blunted the expression of EndMT markers in TGFβ1- and TGFβ3-treated cells. Together, our results indicate that TGFβ2 is the most potent inducer of EndMT and that TGFβ1- and TGFβ3-induced EndMT necessitates a paracrine loop involving TGFβ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harika Sabbineni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Arti Verma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia.,Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Medicine and Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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43
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Chernyavsky IL, Russell RJ, Saunders RM, Morris GE, Berair R, Singapuri A, Chachi L, Mansur AH, Howarth PH, Dennison P, Chaudhuri R, Bicknell S, Rose FRAJ, Siddiqui S, Brook BS, Brightling CE. In vitro, in silico and in vivo study challenges the impact of bronchial thermoplasty on acute airway smooth muscle mass loss. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:13993003.01680-2017. [PMID: 29700102 PMCID: PMC6003767 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01680-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial thermoplasty is a treatment for asthma. It is currently unclear whether its histopathological impact is sufficiently explained by the proportion of airway wall that is exposed to temperatures necessary to affect cell survival. Airway smooth muscle and bronchial epithelial cells were exposed to media (37–70°C) for 10 s to mimic thermoplasty. In silico we developed a mathematical model of airway heat distribution post-thermoplasty. In vivo we determined airway smooth muscle mass and epithelial integrity pre- and post-thermoplasty in 14 patients with severe asthma. In vitro airway smooth muscle and epithelial cell number decreased significantly following the addition of media heated to ≥65°C. In silico simulations showed a heterogeneous heat distribution that was amplified in larger airways, with <10% of the airway wall heated to >60°C in airways with an inner radius of ∼4 mm. In vivo at 6 weeks post-thermoplasty, there was an improvement in asthma control (measured via Asthma Control Questionnaire-6; mean difference 0.7, 95% CI 0.1–1.3; p=0.03), airway smooth muscle mass decreased (absolute median reduction 5%, interquartile range (IQR) 0–10; p=0.03) and epithelial integrity increased (14%, IQR 6–29; p=0.007). Neither of the latter two outcomes was related to improved asthma control. Integrated in vitro and in silico modelling suggest that the reduction in airway smooth muscle post-thermoplasty cannot be fully explained by acute heating, and nor did this reduction confer a greater improvement in asthma control. Bronchial thermoplasty treatment for asthma has unexpected possible mechanisms of actionhttp://ow.ly/ZcuE30jsaSa
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor L Chernyavsky
- School of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,These authors contributed equally to the study
| | - Richard J Russell
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,These authors contributed equally to the study
| | - Ruth M Saunders
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,These authors contributed equally to the study
| | - Gavin E Morris
- Dept of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rachid Berair
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Amisha Singapuri
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Latifa Chachi
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Peter H Howarth
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Patrick Dennison
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Rekha Chaudhuri
- Gartnavel General Hospital, Glasgow, UK.,Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Salman Siddiqui
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Bindi S Brook
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Co-senior authors
| | - Christopher E Brightling
- Dept of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Co-senior authors
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44
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Abdala-Valencia H, Coden ME, Chiarella SE, Jacobsen EA, Bochner BS, Lee JJ, Berdnikovs S. Shaping eosinophil identity in the tissue contexts of development, homeostasis, and disease. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:95-108. [PMID: 29656559 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr1117-442rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils play homeostatic roles in different tissues and are found in several organs at a homeostatic baseline, though their tissue numbers increase significantly in development and disease. The morphological, phenotypical, and functional plasticity of recruited eosinophils are influenced by the dynamic tissue microenvironment changes between homeostatic, morphogenetic, and disease states. Activity of the epithelial-mesenchymal interface, extracellular matrix, hormonal inputs, metabolic state of the environment, as well as epithelial and mesenchymal-derived innate cytokines and growth factors all have the potential to regulate the attraction, retention, in situ hematopoiesis, phenotype, and function of eosinophils. This review examines the reciprocal relationship between eosinophils and such tissue factors, specifically addressing: (1) tissue microenvironments associated with the presence and activity of eosinophils; (2) non-immune tissue ligands regulatory for eosinophil accumulation, hematopoiesis, phenotype, and function (with an emphasis on the extracellular matrix and epithelial-mesenchymal interface); (3) the contribution of eosinophils to regulating tissue biology; (4) eosinophil phenotypic heterogeneity in different tissue microenvironments, classifying eosinophils as progenitors, steady state eosinophils, and Type 1 and 2 activated phenotypes. An appreciation of eosinophil regulation by non-immune tissue factors is necessary for completing the picture of eosinophil immune activation and understanding the functional contribution of these cells to development, homeostasis, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mackenzie E Coden
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sergio E Chiarella
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Jacobsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Bruce S Bochner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Effects of topical topiramate in wound healing in mice. Arch Dermatol Res 2018; 310:363-373. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-018-1822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Moriggi M, Pastorelli L, Torretta E, Tontini GE, Capitanio D, Bogetto SF, Vecchi M, Gelfi C. Contribution of Extracellular Matrix and Signal Mechanotransduction to Epithelial Cell Damage in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Proteomic Study. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 29027377 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study utilizes 2D-DIGE (difference gel etrophoresis), isotope-coded protein labeling and biochemical assays to characterize protein alteration in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) in human epithelial cell and mucosal biopsies in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-affected patients. The aim of this study is to identify the key molecular signatures involved in epithelial cell structure of IBDs. In non-inflamed UC (QUC) keratins, vimentin, and focal adhesion kinase (7) increased, whereas vinculin and de-tyrosinated α-tubulin decreased; inflammation (IUC) exacerbated molecular changes, being collagen type VI alpha 1 chain (COL6A1), tenascin-C and vimentin increased. In non-inflamed CD (QCD), tenascin C, de-tyrosinated α-tubulin, vinculin, FAK, and Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) decreased while vimentin increased. In inflamed CD (ICD), COL6A1, vimentin and integrin alpha 4 increased. In QUC, cell metabolism is characterized by a decrease of the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and a decrease of short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, fatty acid synthase, proliferator-activated receptors alpha, and proliferator-activated receptors gamma. In QCD a metabolic rewiring occurs, as suggested by glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, and 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase increment, while dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase decreased. Macroautophagy is activated in QUC and IUC, with increased levels of p62, HSC70, major vault protein, myosin heavy chain 9, whereas it is blunted in QCD and ICD. The differing pattern of extracellular matrix, cytoskeletal derangements, cellular metabolism, and autophagy in UC and CD may contribute to the pathophysiological understanding of these disorders and serve as diagnostic markers in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Moriggi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Pastorelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy UnitIRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Enrica Torretta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Eugenio Tontini
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy UnitIRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy UnitIRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Clinical Proteomics Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
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Estrogen Effects on Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112325. [PMID: 29099810 PMCID: PMC5713294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound healing is a physiological process, involving three successive and overlapping phases—hemostasis/inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling—to maintain the integrity of skin after trauma, either by accident or by procedure. Any disruption or unbalanced distribution of these processes might result in abnormal wound healing. Many molecular and clinical data support the effects of estrogen on normal skin homeostasis and wound healing. Estrogen deficiency, for example in postmenopausal women, is detrimental to wound healing processes, notably inflammation and re-granulation, while exogenous estrogen treatment may reverse these effects. Understanding the role of estrogen on skin might provide further opportunities to develop estrogen-related therapy for assistance in wound healing.
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Bohaumilitzky L, Huber AK, Stork EM, Wengert S, Woelfl F, Boehm H. A Trickster in Disguise: Hyaluronan's Ambivalent Roles in the Matrix. Front Oncol 2017; 7:242. [PMID: 29062810 PMCID: PMC5640889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a simple but diverse glycosaminoglycan. It plays a major role in aging, cellular senescence, cancer, and tissue homeostasis. In which way HA affects the surrounding tissues greatly depends on the molecular weight of HA. Whereas high molecular weight HA is associated with homeostasis and protective effects, HA fragments tend to be linked to the pathologic state. Furthermore, the interaction of HA with its binding partners, the hyaladherins, such as CD44, is essential for sustaining tissue integrity and is likewise related to cancer. The naked mole rat, a rodent species, possesses a special form of very high molecular weight (vHMW) HA, which is associated with the extraordinary cancer resistance and longevity of those animals. This review addresses HA and its diverse facets: from HA synthesis to degradation, from oligomeric HA to vHMW-HA and from its beneficial properties to the involvement in pathologies. We further discuss the functions of HA in the naked mole rat and compare them to human conditions. Though intensively researched, this simple polymer bears some secrets that may hold the key for a better understanding of cellular processes and the development of diseases, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Bohaumilitzky
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Huber
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Maria Stork
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Wengert
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Woelfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Boehm
- CSF Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Capobianco A, Cottone L, Monno A, Manfredi AA, Rovere-Querini P. The peritoneum: healing, immunity, and diseases. J Pathol 2017; 243:137-147. [PMID: 28722107 DOI: 10.1002/path.4942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The peritoneum defines a confined microenvironment, which is stable under normal conditions, but is exposed to the damaging effect of infections, surgical injuries, and other neoplastic and non-neoplastic events. Its response to damage includes the recruitment, proliferation, and activation of a variety of haematopoietic and stromal cells. In physiological conditions, effective responses to injuries are organized; inflammatory triggers are eliminated; inflammation quickly abates; and the normal tissue architecture is restored. However, if inflammatory triggers are not cleared, fibrosis or scarring occurs and impaired tissue function ultimately leads to organ failure. Autoimmune serositis is characterized by the persistence of self-antigens and a relapsing clinical pattern. Peritoneal carcinomatosis and endometriosis are characterized by the persistence of cancer cells or ectopic endometrial cells in the peritoneal cavity. Some of the molecular signals orchestrating the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the peritoneum have been identified in the last few years. Alternative activation of peritoneal macrophages was shown to guide angiogenesis and fibrosis, and could represent a novel target for molecular intervention. This review summarizes current knowledge of the alterations to the immune response in the peritoneal environment, highlighting the ambiguous role played by persistently activated reparative macrophages in the pathogenesis of common human diseases. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Capobianco
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Cottone
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy.,University College London, Genetics and Cell Biology of Sarcoma Group, London, UK
| | - Antonella Monno
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo A Manfredi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rovere-Querini
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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50
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Role of the immune system in cardiac tissue damage and repair following myocardial infarction. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:739-751. [PMID: 28600668 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1060-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The immune system plays a crucial role in the initiation, development, and resolution of inflammation following myocardial infarction (MI). The lack of oxygen and nutrients causes the death of cardiomyocytes and leads to the exposure of danger-associated molecular patterns that are recognized by the immune system to initiate inflammation. RESULTS At the initial stage of post-MI inflammation, the immune system further damages cardiac tissue to clear cell debris. The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by immune cells and the inability of the anti-oxidant system to neutralize ROS cause oxidative stress that further aggravates inflammation. On the other hand, the cells of both innate and adaptive immune system and their secreted factors are critically instrumental in the very dynamic and complex processes of regulating inflammation and mediating cardiac repair. CONCLUSIONS It is important to decipher the balance between detrimental and beneficial effects of the immune system in MI. This enables us to identify better therapeutic targets for reducing the infarct size, sustaining the cardiac function, and minimizing the likelihood of heart failure. This review discusses the role of both innate and adaptive immune systems in cardiac tissue damage and repair in experimental models of MI.
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