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Nabiyi S, Sajedi F, Zamani A, Behzad M. Effect of sitagliptin therapy on IL-29 and its associated signaling molecules in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hum Immunol 2024; 85:110833. [PMID: 38897073 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The potential immunoregulatory capacity of sitagliptin on interleukin-29 (IL-29) and genes involved in its intracellular pathway were explored in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). MATERIALS AND METHODS T2D patients treated with six months of sitagliptin (Sita+), patients not treated with sitagliptin (Sita-), and healthy controls (HCs) were included. IL-29 levels in the supernatant of stimulated mononuclear immune cells was determined with ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of IL-29, FOS, JUN, NF-AT2, NF-KB1, STAT1-2, IRF1, IRF3, IRF7, and IRF9 was assessed with real-time qPCR. RESULTS Increased protein and gene levels of IL-29 were observed in Sita- group compared to HCs (p < 0.001 and p = 0.026), while those levels were diminished in Sita+ group in comparison with Sita- group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.008). Expression of FOS, NF-AT2 and NF-KB1 in Sita- patients was higher than HCs (p = 0.018, p = 0.021, and p = 0.001). A significant decrease in expression of FOS, NF-AT2, and NF-KB1 was found in Sita+ group versus Sita- parients (p = 0.027, p = 0.003, and p = 0.002). In Sita- patients, IL-29 levels were correlated to glucose metabolism parameters including FPG and HbA1c (p < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION Sitagliptin administration has a regulatory effect on the aggressive expression of IL-29 and its signaling molecules including FOS, NF-AT2 and NF-KB1 in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Nabiyi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Firozeh Sajedi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behzad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Nardin M, Verdoia M, Nardin S, Cao D, Chiarito M, Kedhi E, Galasso G, Condorelli G, De Luca G. Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Diseases: From Physiology to Pathophysiology and Outcomes. Biomedicines 2024; 12:768. [PMID: 38672124 PMCID: PMC11048686 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is rightly recognized as an essential key factor in the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, affecting primary adequate bone mineralization. In the last decades, a more complex and wider role of vitamin D has been postulated and demonstrated. Cardiovascular diseases have been found to be strongly related to vitamin D levels, especially to its deficiency. Pre-clinical studies have suggested a direct role of vitamin D in the regulation of several pathophysiological pathways, such as endothelial dysfunction and platelet aggregation; moreover, observational data have confirmed the relationship with different conditions, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and hypertension. Despite the significant evidence available so far, most clinical trials have failed to prove any positive impact of vitamin D supplements on cardiovascular outcomes. This discrepancy indicates the need for further information and knowledge about vitamin D metabolism and its effect on the cardiovascular system, in order to identify those patients who would benefit from vitamin D supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Nardin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Verdoia
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale degli Infermi, ASL Biella, 13875 Biella, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Simone Nardin
- U.O. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
| | - Davide Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiology, Humanitas Gavazzeni Hospital, 24125 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Mauro Chiarito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elvin Kedhi
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Disease, University of Silesia, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Gennaro Galasso
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Condorelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, IRCCS-Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Luca
- Division of Cardiology, AOU “Policlinico G. Martino”, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
- Division of Cardiology, IRCCS Hospital Galeazzi-Sant’Ambrogio, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Xie X, Wu C, Hao Y, Wang T, Yang Y, Cai P, Zhang Y, Huang J, Deng K, Yan D, Lin H. Benefits and risks of drug combination therapy for diabetes mellitus and its complications: a comprehensive review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1301093. [PMID: 38179301 PMCID: PMC10766371 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1301093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease, and its therapeutic goals focus on the effective management of blood glucose and various complications. Drug combination therapy has emerged as a comprehensive treatment approach for diabetes. An increasing number of studies have shown that, compared with monotherapy, combination therapy can bring significant clinical benefits while controlling blood glucose, weight, and blood pressure, as well as mitigating damage from certain complications and delaying their progression in diabetes, including both type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related complications. This evidence provides strong support for the recommendation of combination therapy for diabetes and highlights the importance of combined treatment. In this review, we first provided a brief overview of the phenotype and pathogenesis of diabetes and discussed several conventional anti-diabetic medications currently used for the treatment of diabetes. We then reviewed several clinical trials and pre-clinical animal experiments on T1D, T2D, and their common complications to evaluate the efficacy and safety of different classes of drug combinations. In general, combination therapy plays a pivotal role in the management of diabetes. Integrating the effectiveness of multiple drugs enables more comprehensive and effective control of blood glucose without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia or other serious adverse events. However, specific treatment regimens should be tailored to individual patients and implemented under the guidance of healthcare professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Xie
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Changchun Wu
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuduo Hao
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhe Yang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiling Cai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Kejun Deng
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Center for Informational Biology, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Drakul M, Čolić M. Immunomodulatory activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in immune-related diseases. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250302. [PMID: 37732495 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), also known as CD26, is a 110-kDa cell surface glycoprotein with enzymatic and signal transducing activity. DPP-4/CD26 is expressed by various cells, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, and NK cells. DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) were introduced to clinics in 2006 as new oral antihyperglycemic drugs approved for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. In addition to glucose-lowering effects, emerging data, from clinical studies and their animal models, suggest that DPP-4i could display anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects as well, but the molecular and immunological mechanisms of these actions are insufficiently investigated. This review focuses on the modulatory activity of DPP-4i in the immune system and the possible application of DPP-4i in other immune-related diseases in patients with or without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Drakul
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Medical Faculty Foča, University of East Sarajevo, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
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Drakul M, Tomić S, Bekić M, Mihajlović D, Vasiljević M, Rakočević S, Đokić J, Popović N, Bokonjić D, Čolić M. Sitagliptin Induces Tolerogenic Human Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16829. [PMID: 38069152 PMCID: PMC10706581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sitagliptin, an anti-diabetic drug, is a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4/CD26 inhibitor with additional anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. In this study, we investigated for the first time the effect of sitagliptin on the differentiation and functions of human dendritic cells generated from monocytes (MoDCs) for 4 days using the standard GM-CSF/IL-4 procedure. LPS/IFN-γ treatment for an additional 24 h was used for maturation induction of MoDCs. Sitagliptin was added at the highest non-cytotoxic concentration (500 µg/mL) either at the beginning (sita 0d protocol) or after MoDC differentiation (sita 4d protocol). Sitagliptin impaired differentiation and maturation of MoDCs as judged with the lower expression of CD40, CD83, CD86, NLRP3, and HLA-DR, retention of CD14 expression, and inhibited production of IL-β, IL-12p70, IL-23, and IL-27. In contrast, the expression of CD26, tolerogenic DC markers (ILT4 and IDO1), and production of immunoregulatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) were increased. Generally, the sita 0d protocol was more efficient. Sitagliptin-treated MoDCs were poorer allostimulators of T-cells in MoDC/T-cell co-culture and inhibited Th1 and Th17 but augmented Th2 and Treg responses. Tolerogenic properties of sitagliptin-treated MoDCs were additionally confirmed by an increased frequency of CD4+CD25+CD127- FoxP3+ Tregs and Tr1 cells (CD4+IL-10+FoxP3-) in MoDC/T-cell co-culture. The differentiation of IL-10+ and TGF-β+ Tregs depended on the sitagliptin protocol used. A Western blot analysis showed that sitagliptin inhibited p65 expression of NF-kB and p38MAPK during the maturation of MoDCs. In conclusion, sitagliptin induces differentiation of tolerogenic DCs, and the effect is important when considering sitagliptin for treating autoimmune diseases and allotransplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Drakul
- Medical Faculty Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foča, R. Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.D.); (D.M.); (M.V.); (S.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Sergej Tomić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Marina Bekić
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.T.); (M.B.)
| | - Dušan Mihajlović
- Medical Faculty Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foča, R. Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.D.); (D.M.); (M.V.); (S.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Miloš Vasiljević
- Medical Faculty Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foča, R. Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.D.); (D.M.); (M.V.); (S.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Sara Rakočević
- Medical Faculty Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foča, R. Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.D.); (D.M.); (M.V.); (S.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.Đ.); (N.P.)
| | - Nikola Popović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.Đ.); (N.P.)
| | - Dejan Bokonjić
- Medical Faculty Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foča, R. Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.D.); (D.M.); (M.V.); (S.R.); (D.B.)
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Medical Faculty Foca, University of East Sarajevo, 73300 Foča, R. Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (M.D.); (D.M.); (M.V.); (S.R.); (D.B.)
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Rai U, Senapati D, Arora MK. Insights on the role of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents in the amelioration of diabetes. Diabetol Int 2023; 14:134-144. [PMID: 37090130 PMCID: PMC10113422 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-022-00607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major health problem worldwide. It is a chronic metabolic disorder that produces overt hyperglycemic condition that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin due to excessive destruction of pancreatic β-cells (type 1 diabetes) or due to development of insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes). An autoimmune condition known as type 1 diabetes (T1D) results in the targeted immune death of β-cells that produce insulin. The only available treatment for T1D at the moment is the lifelong use of insulin. Multiple islet autoantibody positivity is used to diagnose T1D. There are four standard autoantibodies observed whose presence shows the development of T1D: antibodies against insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), zinc T8 transporter (ZnT8), and tyrosine phosphatase-like protein (ICA512). In type 2 diabetes (T2D), an inflammatory response precipitates as a consequence of the immune response to high blood glucose level along with the presence of inflammation mediators produced by macrophages and adipocytes in fat tissue. The slow and chronic inflammatory condition of adipose tissue produces insulin resistance leading to increased stress on pancreatic β-cells to produce more insulin to compensate for the insulin resistance. Thus, this stress condition exacerbates the apoptosis of β-cells leading to insufficient production of insulin, resulting in hyperglycemia which signifies late stage T2D. Therefore, the therapeutic utilization of immunosuppressive agents may be a better alternative over the use of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents for the treatment of T1D and T2D, respectively. This review enlightens the immune intervention for the prevention and amelioration of T1D and T2D in humans with main focus on the antigen-specific immune suppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddipak Rai
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, 248009, Dehradun, Uttarakhand India
| | - Dhirodatta Senapati
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, 248009, Dehradun, Uttarakhand India
| | - Mandeep Kumar Arora
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, 248009, Dehradun, Uttarakhand India
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Sardarmelli Z, Sheikh V, Solgi G, Behzad M. Enhanced production of interleukin-29 and related genes are associated with T helper 1 cell parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Hum Immunol 2023; 84:235-240. [PMID: 36635158 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The production of interleukin (IL)-29 andthe genes related to IL-29 signaling pathway (STAT1, NF-κB, and NFATc1), and T helper (Th) 1 cells (T-bet, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) were evaluated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Correlations between IL-29 and diabetes parameters, and between gene expression in IL-29 pathway and Th1 cells were also examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS 41 newly diagnosed patients with T2DM and 41 healthy controls were recruited. CD4+ T cells were purifed and the production of IL-29 in the supernatant of anti- CD3 and anti- CD28 activated Th cells was detected using ELISA. The expression of IL-29- and Th1- related genes was determined with real-time PCR. RESULTS The secretion of IL-29 and the expression levels of NF-κB, NFATc1, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in Th cells were seen to be increased in diabetes persons compared to controls. Positive connections between IL-29 with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were found in diabetes persons. IL-29 was positively correlated with NFATc1 and TNF-α. NFATc1 was positively related to TNF-α. CONCLUSION Abnormal expression levels of IL-29- and Th1- related genes are linked with T2DM pathogenesis. IL-29 may amplify the expression of Th1-specific genes especially TNF-α by upregulating NFATc1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sardarmelli
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Vida Sheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ghasem Solgi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behzad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Borzouei S, Gholamian-Hamadan M, Behzad M. Impact of interleukin-32α on T helper cell-related cytokines, transcription factors, and proliferation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 45:268-276. [PMID: 36263937 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2138430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The ability of interleukin (IL)-32α to induce T helper (Th) 1, Th17, and Treg cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10, respectively), and transcription factors [(signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and T-box (T-bet) for Th1, STAT3 and retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR)-γt for Th17, and STAT5 and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) for Treg)] were investigated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). IL-32α effects on Th cell proliferation and related factors including IL-2 and NF-κB were also explored. METHODS Serum levels of IL-32α in 31 patients and 31 healthy controls (HCs) were determined by ELISA assay. CD4+ T cells cultured with polyclonal activators in the presence and absence of recombinant IL-32α (rIL-32α). Gene expressions in cultured Th cells were assessed with real-time PCR. Cytokines in supernatants were measured with ELISA. Proliferation experiments were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The patients showed significant increase in IL-32α levels compared with HCs and its levels were positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c. rIL-32α enhanced IL-17 and IL-2 production, increased ROR-γt and NF-κB expression, and enhanced Th proliferation in both patients and HCs. In patients, IL-17, ROR-γt, NF-κB, and proliferation levels were higher than those in HCs, in cultures with and without rIL-32α (rIL-32α+ and rIL-32α-). IL-2 levels in rIL-32α+cultures of patients were significantly higher than the HCs, and it was positively correlated with proliferation rate and NF-κB expression. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant IL-32α levels are participated in T2DM pathogenesis. IL-32α potently induces Th17-related factors and amplifies the proliferative function of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Borzouei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Behzad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Nasimi Doost Azgomi R, Karimi A, Zarshenas MM, Moini Jazani A. The mechanisms of saffron (Crocus sativus') on the inflammatory pathways of diabetes mellitus: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102365. [PMID: 34923214 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND and amis: Diabetes is one of the major medical problems, which can lead to damage to cells or organs in various parts of the body. Saffron as herbal medicine has contained several active ingredients, including safranal, flavonoids, crocetin, and crocin, which are effective in modulating oxidative stress and inflammation, which can play the main role in reducing the effects of diabetes. However, so far, the effect of saffron on diabetes inflammation has not been evaluated in the form of systematic review studies. The purpose of this systematic study was to evaluate the evidence obtained from in-vitro, animal, and clinical trials studies on the effects of saffron on inflammation in diabetes. METHODS The present systematic review was conducted according to the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statements. In this systematic review, databases such as Embase, Pubmed, SCOPUS, ProQuest, and sciences direct database were searched from the beginning to February 2021. All eligible in-vitro, animal and human studies that examined the effect of saffron on inflammatory factors in diabetes were published in the form of a full article in English. RESULTS In the end, only 20 of the 596 articles met the criteria for analysis. Of the 20 articles, 3 were in-vitro studies, 13 were animal studies, and 4 were human studies. CONCLUSION The findings of this systematic study (Except for two studies) suggest that saffron supplementation with potential anti-inflammatory properties may reduce the expression of the inflammatory pathway and the production of inflammatory products in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Nasimi Doost Azgomi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Arash Karimi
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Zarshenas
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Moini Jazani
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Castillo-Salazar M, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Springall del Villar R, Navarrete-Vázquez G, Hernández-DiazCouder A, Mojica-Cardoso C, García-Jiménez S, Toledano-Jaimes C, Bernal-Fernández G. Nitazoxanide Exerts Immunomodulatory Effects on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121817. [PMID: 34944461 PMCID: PMC8699442 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a low-grade inflammatory condition with abnormalities in the immune response mediated by T lymphocytes and macrophages. Drug repositioning for immunomodulatory molecules is an attractive proposal for treating T2D. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) is a broad-spectrum drug with promising immunomodulatory effects. Thus, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of NTZ on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with T2D. Methods: Fifty patients with T2D were selected, and the proliferative response of T lymphocytes and the M1/M2 ratio of macrophages post cell culture were evaluated by flow cytometry, as well as measuring the concentration of cytokines by ELISA and the relative expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) related to the immune response by real-time PCR. Results: NTZ exerts an inhibitory effect on the cell proliferation of T lymphocytes stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies without modifying cell viability, and significant decreases in the supernatant concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12. Furthermore, NTZ negatively regulates the relative expression of miR-155-5p without changes in miR-146a-5p. The M1/M2 ratio of monocytes/macrophages decreased the M1 and increased the M2 subpopulation by NTZ. Conclusions: Our results suggest that NTZ exerts immunomodulatory effects on PBMCs from T2D patients, and shows potential alternative therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Castillo-Salazar
- Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (M.C.-S.); (G.N.-V.); (S.G.-J.); (C.T.-J.)
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.S.-M.); (R.S.d.V.); (A.H.-D.)
| | - Rashidi Springall del Villar
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.S.-M.); (R.S.d.V.); (A.H.-D.)
| | - Gabriel Navarrete-Vázquez
- Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (M.C.-S.); (G.N.-V.); (S.G.-J.); (C.T.-J.)
| | - Adrián Hernández-DiazCouder
- Immunology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.S.-M.); (R.S.d.V.); (A.H.-D.)
| | | | - Sara García-Jiménez
- Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (M.C.-S.); (G.N.-V.); (S.G.-J.); (C.T.-J.)
| | - Cairo Toledano-Jaimes
- Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (M.C.-S.); (G.N.-V.); (S.G.-J.); (C.T.-J.)
| | - Germán Bernal-Fernández
- Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico; (M.C.-S.); (G.N.-V.); (S.G.-J.); (C.T.-J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-777-329-7089
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11
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Pinheiro MM, Fabbri A, Infante M. Cytokine storm modulation in COVID-19: a proposed role for vitamin D and DPP-4 inhibitor combination therapy (VIDPP-4i). Immunotherapy 2021; 13:753-765. [PMID: 33906375 PMCID: PMC8080872 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated immune response characterized by the hyperproduction of several pro-inflammatory cytokines (a.k.a. ‘cytokine storm’) plays a central role in the pathophysiology of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this Perspective article we discuss the evidence for synergistic anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties exerted by vitamin D and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, the latter being a class of antihyperglycemic agents used for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, which have also been reported as immunomodulators. Then, we provide the rationale for investigation of vitamin D and DPP-4 inhibitor combination therapy (VIDPP-4i) as an immunomodulation strategy to ratchet down the virulence of SARS-CoV-2, prevent disease progression and modulate the cytokine storm in COVID-19. The so-called ‘cytokine storm’ that drives the hyperproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators, plays a central role in the pathophysiology of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Vitamin D has increasingly been shown to play anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties beyond its role in the regulation of bone homeostasis. Similarly, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) – a class of antihyperglycemic agents used for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes – have been reported as immunomodulators regardless of their glucose-lowering properties. We, therefore, discuss the role of vitamin D and DPP-4 inhibitor combination therapy (VIDPP-4i) as a potential immunomodulation strategy to prevent the development and/or halt the progression of the COVID-19-induced cytokine storm, particularly in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D and DPP-4 inhibitors exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Vitamin D and DPP-4 inhibitor combination therapy (VIDPP-4i) may represent a valid therapeutic approach to ratchet down the virulence of SARS-CoV-2 and modulate the cytokine storm in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Fabbri
- Department of Systems Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Diabetes Research Institute Federation (DRIF), CTO Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Infante
- Department of Systems Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Diabetes Research Institute Federation (DRIF), CTO Hospital, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rome, Italy.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Rome, Italy
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12
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Verdoia M, Nardin M, Rolla R, Negro F, Gioscia R, Afifeh AMS, Viglione F, Suryapranata H, Marcolongo M, De Luca G. Association of lower vitamin D levels with inflammation and leucocytes parameters in patients with and without diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary angiography. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13439. [PMID: 33112413 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus has been associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation and a higher risk of cardiovascular and infectious disease, that could be prevented by the effects of vitamin D. We aimed at evaluating the impact of vitamin D levels on the biomarkers of acute-phase response, inflammation and glucose metabolism in a large cohort of diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography were included. Diabetes mellitus was defined as previous diagnosis, specific treatment administration (oral drug or insulin), fasting glycaemia >6.99 mmol/L or HbA1c >48 mmol/L. Glucose parameters, white blood cells, Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (MLR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and vitamin D were measured at admission. Vitamin D levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay kit LIAISON® Vitamin D assay (Diasorin Inc). RESULTS We included 1472 diabetic patients and 2499 non-diabetic patients that were divided according to vitamin D tertiles. Among diabetic patients, lower levels of vitamin D were associated with female gender (P = .02), obesity (P = .004), active smoking and acute presentation (P < .001) and with a more atherogenic metabolic profile. The levels of white blood cells, leucocytes subfamilies, and inflammatory parameters significantly correlated with vitamin D levels in both patients with and without diabetes (diabetic: P = .012 for WBC, P = .004 for NLR and P < .001 for MLR and C-reactive protein, non-diabetic: P < .001 for WBC; NLR, MLR and C-reactive protein, respectively). Among diabetic patients, results were confirmed at multivariate analysis with no significant interaction according to glycaemic control. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that, among patients with cardiovascular disease, vitamin D deficiency is associated with metabolic dysregulation and with an elevation of cellular and humoural inflammatory parameters, especially among diabetics, although not being dependent from glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Verdoia
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale degli Infermi, ASL Biella, Biella, Italy.,Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Matteo Nardin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Federica Negro
- Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | - Rocco Gioscia
- Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Viglione
- Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Marco Marcolongo
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale degli Infermi, ASL Biella, Biella, Italy
| | - Giuseppe De Luca
- Department of Translational Medicine, Eastern Piedmont University, Novara, Italy
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13
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Borzouei S, Moghimi H, Zamani A, Behzad M. Changes in T helper cell-related factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after empagliflozin therapy. Hum Immunol 2021; 82:422-428. [PMID: 33771372 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The immune factors related to T helper (Th) 1 (T-bet, STAT1, and IFN-γ), Th17 (ROR-γt, STAT3, and IL-17), and Treg (FOXP3, STAT5, and IL-10) cells, and SOCS1/3 and the proliferation of Th cells were investigated in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients before (baseline) and after empagliflozin therapy. A total of 56 patients on metformin and gliclazide were separated into two groups: Group 1 did not receive empagliflozin (EMPA-) and the Group 2 received 10 mg/day of empagliflozin for 6 months (EMPA+). The expressions of T-bet, ROR-γt, FOXP3, STAT1/3/5 and SOCS1/3 were evaluated in CD4+ T cells with real-time PCR. The production of IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10 from CD4+ T cells was measured using ELISA. The proliferation of Th cells was assessed with flow cytometry. Six months of empagliflozin therapy significantly reduced the expression of ROR-γt and increased FOXP3 and STAT5 expression, compared to baseline. Production of IL-17 decreased after empagliflozin treatment, while IL-10 was enhanced in the EMPA+ group. Oral administration of empagliflozin or the addition of empagliflozin to the cell cultures diminished the proliferation of Th cells. Empagliflozin showed anti-inflammatory effects on Th cells by decreasing Th17-related factors, reducing proliferation capacity, and increasing Treg cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Borzouei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Hamid Moghimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Zamani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behzad
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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14
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Pinheiro MM, Pinheiro FMM, Diniz SN, Fabbri A, Infante M. Combination of vitamin D and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (VIDPP-4i) as an immunomodulation therapy for autoimmune diabetes. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107518. [PMID: 33756226 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) represent the most common types of autoimmune diabetes and are characterized by different age of onset, degrees of immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells and rates of disease progression towards insulin dependence. Several immunotherapies aimed to counteract autoimmune responses against beta cells and preserve beta-cell function are currently being investigated, particularly in T1D. Preliminary findings suggest a potential role of combination therapy with vitamin D and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (VIDPP-4i) in preserving beta-cell function in autoimmune diabetes. This manuscript aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D and DPP-4 inhibitors, as well as the rationale for investigation of their combined use as an immunomodulation therapy for autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Maia Pinheiro
- UNIVAG, University Center, Dom Orlando Chaves Ave, 2655 - Cristo Rei, Várzea Grande, 78118-000 Mato Grosso, Brazil; Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo - SP, 3305, Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães Ave., Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Moura Maia Pinheiro
- Hospital de Base, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto FAMERP - SP, 5546, Brigadeiro Faria Lima Ave, Vila São Pedro, São José do Rio Preto, 15015-500 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Susana Nogueira Diniz
- Universidade Anhanguera de São Paulo - SP, 3305, Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães Ave., Pirituba, São Paulo, 05145-200 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Fabbri
- Diabetes Research Institute Federation (DRIF), Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, CTO Andrea Alesini Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via San Nemesio 21, 00145 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Infante
- Diabetes Research Institute Federation (DRIF), Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, CTO Andrea Alesini Hospital, ASL Roma 2, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via San Nemesio 21, 00145 Rome, Italy; UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Via di Sant'Alessandro, 8, 00131 Rome, Italy; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Via San Nemesio 21, 00145 Rome, Italy.
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15
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Passos MEP, Borges L, dos Santos-Oliveira LC, Alecrim-Zeza AL, Lobato TB, de Oliveira HH, Santos CMM, Diniz VLS, Iser-Bem PN, Manoel R, Murata GM, Hirabara SM, Curi R, Pithon-Curi TC, Hatanaka E, Gorjao R. Recreational Dance Practice Modulates Lymphocyte Profile and Function in Diabetic Women. Int J Sports Med 2020; 42:749-759. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1309-2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the impact of a 16-week dance-based aerobic exercise program on lymphocyte function in healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) women. We enrolled 23 women: 11 with T2DM and 12 non-diabetic controls. Initially, we performed anthropometry and body composition measurements, afterwards, plasma levels of C-reactive protein, lipids, and glucose were determined. We used flow cytometry to measure the CD25 and CD28 expression in circulating lymphocytes, T-regulatory (Treg) cell percentage, lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokines released by cultured lymphocytes. The T2DM group had a lower proportion of CD28+ cells and a higher percentage of Treg lymphocytes and proliferative capacity at the baseline compared with the control group. After 16 weeks of the program, differences in lymphocytes between the T2DM and the control groups disappeared. The dance program promoted IL-10 increase in both groups. We found decreased IL-4, IL-2, and IL-6 secretion in lymphocytes from the control group and increased IL-17 secretion and IL-10/IL-17 ratio in the T2DM group after the program. The program promoted marked changes in lymphocytes in diabetic women, leading to a balance between the different profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elizabeth Pereira Passos
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Borges
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago Bertola Lobato
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Richelieau Manoel
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Department of Medical Clinic, Sao Paulo University Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Curi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elaine Hatanaka
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Gorjao
- Interdisciplinary Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Rezaeepoor M, Hoseini-Aghdam M, Sheikh V, Eftekharian MM, Behzad M. Evaluation of Interleukin-23 and JAKs/STATs/SOCSs/ROR-γt Expression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Treated With or Without Sitagliptin. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:515-523. [PMID: 33136467 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of interleukin-23 (IL-23) and the expression levels of related genes were evaluated in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The correlations between them were also determined. Thirty patients without sitagliptin (sitagliptin negative; SN), 30 patients with sitagliptin (sitagliptin positive; SP), and 30 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. The level of IL-23 in the supernatant of anti CD3-activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of IL-23, JAK1/JAK2/TYK2, STAT1/STAT3, ROR-γt, and SOCS1/SOCS3 in PBMCs were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The production of IL-23 and the expressions of IL-23, JAK2, STAT3, and ROR-γt were observed to be enhanced in SN patients versus HCs, while the levels were decreased in SP patients versus SN patients (P < 0.05). SOCS1 and SOCS3 expressions were lower in SN patients than HCs, and their expressions were elevated in SP patients versus SN patients (P < 0.05). In SN patients, positive correlations between the IL-23 with fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c were observed, and JAK2/STAT3/ROR-γt were positively correlated with IL-23. JAK2, STAT3, and ROR-γt were positively related to each other and were negatively related to SOCS3. Enhanced IL-23/JAK2/STAT3/ROR-γt and reduced SOCS1/SOCS3 were found in SN patients. Sitagliptin may regulate the IL-23 and related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Rezaeepoor
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mirhamed Hoseini-Aghdam
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Vida Sheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Behzad
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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17
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Han Y, Lai J, Tao J, Tai Y, Zhou W, Guo P, Wang Z, Wang M, Wang Q. Sustaining Circulating Regulatory T Cell Subset Contributes to the Therapeutic Effect of Paroxetine on Mice With Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Circ J 2020; 84:1587-1598. [PMID: 32741881 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) inhibitor, paroxetine, has been approved to ameliorate diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). GRK2 is also involved in regulating T cell functions; the potential modifications of paroxetine on the immune response to DCM is unclear.Methods and Results:DCM mouse was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. A remarkable reduction in the regulatory T (Treg) cell subset in DCM mouse was found by flow cytometry, with impaired cardiac function evaluated by echocardiography. The inhibited Treg differentiation was attributable to insulin chronic stimulation in a GRK2-PI3K-Akt signaling-dependent manner. The selective GRK2 inhibitor, paroxetine, rescued Treg differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, heart function, as well as the activation of excitation-contraction coupling proteins such as phospholamban (PLB) and troponin I (TnI) was effectively promoted in paroxetine-treated DCM mice compared with vehicle-treated DCM mice. Blockade of FoxP3 expression sufficiently inhibited the proportion of Treg cells, abolished the protective effect of paroxetine on heart function as well as PLB and TnI activation in HFD-fed mice. Neither paroxetine nor carvedilol could effectively ameliorate the metabolic disorder of HFD mice. CONCLUSIONS The impaired systolic heart function of DCM mice was effectively improved by paroxetine therapy, partially through restoring the population of circulating Treg cells by targeting the GRK2-PI3K-Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University
| | - Jiacheng Lai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University
| | - Juan Tao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University
| | - Yu Tai
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University
| | - Weijie Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University
| | - Paipai Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University
| | - Manman Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University
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18
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Hoseini-Aghdam M, Sheikh V, Eftekharian MM, Rezaeepoor M, Behzad M. Enhanced expression of TIGIT but not neuropilin-1 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Immunol Lett 2020; 225:1-8. [PMID: 32540486 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aggressive T helper cell responses and regulatory T (Treg) cells dysfunction exist in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The co-inhibitory T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM-domain (TIGIT), neuropilin-1 (Nrp-1), and the co-stimulatory CD226 play a critical role in the inhibition or activation of immune responses. In this project, the expression of TIGIT, CD226, Nrp-1, and their ligands, CD155 and semaphorin 3A (Sema-3A) were investigated in T2DM. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 30 patients with T2DM, and 30 healthy controls (HCs). The frequencies of TIGIT and Nrp-1 on CD4+CD25hi Treg cells, CD4+CD25- responder T cells, total CD4+ T cells, and non-CD4+ cells were assessed using flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of TIGIT, CD226, Nrp-1, CD155, and Sema-3A were assessed by real-time PCR. RESULTS The percentage and MFI of TIGIT on CD4+CD25hi T cells, CD4+CD25- T cells, total CD4+ T cells, and non-CD4+ cells were higher in patients versus HCs (p < 0.05 for all). The mRNA level of TIGIT was increased in patients compared with HCs (p = 0.003). No differences were observed in the expression of CD226, CD155, Nrp-1, and Sema-3A between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The expression of TIGIT was enhanced in T2DM and the TIGIT axis could be considered as a new therapeutic purpose for the T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirhamed Hoseini-Aghdam
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Vida Sheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Rezaeepoor
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Behzad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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