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Guo S, Dong Y, Du R, Liu YX, Liu S, Wang Q, Liu JS, Xu H, Jiang YJ, Hao H, Fan LL, Xiang R. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals decreased ER protein Reticulon3 drives the progression of renal fibrosis. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:24. [PMID: 38937317 PMCID: PMC11211315 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) poses a significant global health dilemma, emerging from complex causes. Although our prior research has indicated that a deficiency in Reticulon-3 (RTN3) accelerates renal disease progression, a thorough examination of RTN3 on kidney function and pathology remains underexplored. To address this critical need, we generated Rtn3-null mice to study the consequences of RTN3 protein deficiency on CKD. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses were performed on 47,885 cells from the renal cortex of both healthy and Rtn3-null mice, enabling us to compare spatial architectures and expression profiles across 14 distinct cell types. Our analysis revealed that RTN3 deficiency leads to significant alterations in the spatial organization and gene expression profiles of renal cells, reflecting CKD pathology. Specifically, RTN3 deficiency was associated with Lars2 overexpression, which in turn caused mitochondrial dysfunction and increased reactive oxygen species levels. This shift induced a transition in renal epithelial cells from a functional state to a fibrogenic state, thus promoting renal fibrosis. Additionally, RTN3 deficiency was found to drive the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition process and disrupt cell-cell communication, further exacerbating renal fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry and Western-Blot techniques were used to validate these observations, reinforcing the critical role of RTN3 in CKD pathogenesis. The deficiency of RTN3 protein in CKD leads to profound changes in cellular architecture and molecular profiles. Our work seeks to elevate the understanding of RTN3's role in CKD's narrative and position it as a promising therapeutic contender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Du
- Department of Cell Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Xing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji-Shi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Research Center For Critical Kidney Disease In Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Jie Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Huang Hao
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Liang-Liang Fan
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Department of Cell Biology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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2
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Du R, Liu JS, Huang H, Liu YX, Jin JY, Wang CY, Dong Y, Fan LL, Xiang R. RTN3 deficiency exacerbates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through the disruption of mitochondrial stability. Mitochondrion 2024; 75:101851. [PMID: 38336146 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Reticulum 3 (RTN3) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that has been reported to act in neurodegenerative diseases and lipid metabolism. However, the role of RTN3 in acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been explored. Here, we employed public datasets, patient data, and animal models to explore the role of RTN3 in AKI. The underlying mechanisms were studied in primary renal tubular epithelial cells and in the HK2 cell line. We found reduced expression of RTN3 in AKI patients, cisplatin-induced mice, and cisplatin-treated HK2 cells. RTN3-null mice exhibit more severe AKI symptoms and kidney fibrosis after cisplatin treatment. Mitochondrial dysfunction was also found in cells with RTN3 knockdown or knockout. A mechanistic study revealed that RTN3 can interact with HSPA9 in kidney cells. RTN3 deficiency may disrupt the RTN3-HSPA9-VDAC2 complex and affect MAMs during ER-mitochondrion contact, which further leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and exacerbates cisplatin-induced AKI. Our study indicated that RTN3 was important in the kidney and that a decrease in RTN3 in the kidney might be a risk factor for the aggravation of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Du
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ji-Shi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yu-Xing Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jie-Yuan Jin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Liang-Liang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Center for Medical Genetics and Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
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3
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Wang W, Zheng H. Arabidopsis reticulons inhibit ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 to form a stable tubular endoplasmic reticulum network. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1431-1446. [PMID: 37879114 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of interconnected tubules and sheets stretching throughout the cytoplasm of plant cells. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 (RHD3) mediates ER tubule fusion, while reticulon proteins induce ER membrane curvature to produce ER tubules. However, it is unclear if and how RHD3-reticulon interplay during the formation of the interconnected tubular ER network. We discovered that RHD3 physically interacts with Arabidopsis reticulon proteins, including reticulon-like protein subfamily B3 (RTNLB3), on ER tubules and at 3-way junctions of the ER. The RTNLB3 protein is widely expressed in Arabidopsis seedlings and localizes to ER tubules. Although the growth of knockout rtnlb3 mutant plants was relatively normal, root hairs of rtnlb3 were shorter than those of wild type. The ER in mature mutant cells was also more sheeted than that in wild type. rhd3 is known to have short roots and root hairs and less branched ER tubules in cells. Interestingly, rtnlb3 genetically antagonizes rhd3 in plant root development and in ER interconnectivity. We show that reticulons including RTNLB3 inhibit the ER fusion activity of RHD3, partly by interfering with RHD3 dimerization. We conclude that reticulon proteins negatively regulate RHD3 to balance its ER fusion activity for the formation of a stable tubular ER network in plant cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Wang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
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4
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Yin C, Zhao H, Xia X, Pan Z, Li D, Zhang L. Picornavirus 2C proteins: structure-function relationships and interactions with host factors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1347615. [PMID: 38465233 PMCID: PMC10921941 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1347615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Picornaviruses, which are positive-stranded, non-enveloped RNA viruses, are known to infect people and animals with a broad spectrum of diseases. Among the nonstructural proteins in picornaviruses, 2C proteins are highly conserved and exhibit multiple structural domains, including amphipathic α-helices, an ATPase structural domain, and a zinc finger structural domain. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the functional structures of picornaviruses' 2C protein. We summarize the mechanisms by which the 2C protein enhances viral replication. 2C protein interacts with various host factors to form the replication complex, ultimately promoting viral replication. We review the mechanisms through which picornaviruses' 2C proteins interact with the NF-κB, RIG-I, MDA5, NOD2, and IFN pathways, contributing to the evasion of the antiviral innate immune response. Additionally, we provide an overview of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs for treating various enterovirus infections, such as guanidine hydrochloride, fluoxetine, and dibucaine derivatives. These drugs may exert their inhibitory effects on viral infections by targeting interactions with 2C proteins. The review underscores the need for further research to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action of 2C proteins and to identify additional host factors for potential therapeutic intervention. Overall, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of picornaviruses and offers insights into the antiviral strategies against these significant viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Haomiao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengyang Pan
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Daoqun Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Leiliang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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5
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Zhang Z, Liu X, Yang Z, Mo X. Study on the protective effect of RNA-binding motif protein 3 in mild hypothermia oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation cell model. Cryobiology 2023; 112:104544. [PMID: 37211323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mild hypothermia is proven neuroprotective in clinical practice. While hypothermia leads to the decrease of global protein synthesis rate, it upregulates a small subset of protein including RNA-binding motif protein 3 (RBM3). In this study, we treated mouse neuroblastoma cells (N2a) with mild hypothermia before oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) and discovered the decrease of apoptosis rate, down-regulation of apoptosis-associated protein and enhancement of cell viability. Overexpression of RBM3 via plasmid exerted similar effect while silencing RBM3 by siRNAs partially reversed the protective effect exerted by mild hypothermia pretreatment. The protein level of Reticulon 3(RTN3), a downstream gene of RBM3, also increased after mild hypothermia pretreatment. Silencing RTN3 weakened the protective effect of mild hypothermia pretreatment or RBM3 overexpression. Also, the protein level of autophagy gene LC3B increased after OGD/R or RBM3 overexpression while silencing RTN3 decreased this trend. Furthermore, immunofluorescence observed enhanced fluorescence signal of LC3B and RTN3 as well as a large number of overlaps after RBM3 overexpressing. In conclusion, RBM3 plays a cellular protective role by regulating apoptosis and viability via its downstream gene RTN3 in the hypothermia OGD/R cell model and autophagy may participate in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhaocong Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuming Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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6
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Anggrandariyanny PC, Kajiho H, Yamamoto Y, Sakisaka T. Lunapark ubiquitinates atlastin-2 for the tubular network formation of the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biochem 2022; 172:245-257. [PMID: 35894092 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules are interconnected by three-way junctions, resulting in the formation of a tubular ER network. Lunapark (Lnp) localizes to and stabilizes the three-way junctions. The N-terminal cytoplasmic domain in Lnp has a ubiquitin ligase activity. However, the molecular mechanism of how the ubiquitin ligase activity of Lnp is involved in the formation of the tubular ER network remains unknown. In this study, we examined whether the ER membrane proteins responsible for the formation of the tubular ER network are ubiquitinated by Lnp. We found that atlastin-2 (ATL2), an isoform of the ATL family mediating the generation of the three-way junctions by connecting the ER tubules, is a novel substrate for ubiquitination by Lnp. The localization of Lnp at the three-way junctions is important for ubiquitination of ATL2. Lysine 56, 57, 282, and 302 are the potential ubiquitination sites by Lnp. Silencing ATL2 decreased the number of the three-way junctions, and the expression of the ATL2 mutant in which the lysine residues are substituted with arginine failed to rescue the decrease of the three-way junctions in the ATL2 knocked-down cells. These results suggest that Lnp ubiquitinates ATL2 at the three-way junctions for the proper tubular ER network formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Chynthia Anggrandariyanny
- Division of Membrane Dynamics, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kajiho
- Division of Membrane Dynamics, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yasunori Yamamoto
- Division of Membrane Dynamics, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Sakisaka
- Division of Membrane Dynamics, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
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7
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Vats S, Galli T. Role of SNAREs in Unconventional Secretion—Focus on the VAMP7-Dependent Secretion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884020. [PMID: 35784483 PMCID: PMC9244844 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular membrane protein trafficking is crucial for both normal cellular physiology and cell-cell communication. The conventional secretory route follows transport from the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane via the Golgi apparatus. Alternative modes of secretion which can bypass the need for passage through the Golgi apparatus have been collectively termed as Unconventional protein secretion (UPS). UPS can comprise of cargo without a signal peptide or proteins which escape the Golgi in spite of entering the ER. UPS has been classified further depending on the mode of transport. Type I and Type II unconventional secretion are non-vesicular and non-SNARE protein dependent whereas Type III and Type IV dependent on vesicles and on SNARE proteins. In this review, we focus on the Type III UPS which involves the import of cytoplasmic proteins in membrane carriers of autophagosomal/endosomal origin and release in the extracellular space following SNARE-dependent intracellular membrane fusion. We discuss the role of vesicular SNAREs with a strong focus on VAMP7, a vesicular SNARE involved in exosome, lysosome and autophagy mediated secretion. We further extend our discussion to the role of unconventional secretion in health and disease with emphasis on cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Vats
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Galli
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- GHU PARIS Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Thierry Galli,
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8
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Fan LL, Du R, Liu JS, Jin JY, Wang CY, Dong Y, He WX, Yan RQ, Xiang R. Loss of RTN3 phenocopies chronic kidney disease and results in activation of the IGF2-JAK2 pathway in proximal tubular epithelial cells. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:653-661. [PMID: 35596061 PMCID: PMC9166791 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Reticulon 3 (RTN3) is an endoplasmic reticulum protein that has previously been shown to play roles in neurodegenerative diseases, but little is known about its function in the kidneys. The aim of the present study was to clarify the roles of RTN3 in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney fibrosis. In this study, RTN3 levels were measured in kidney tissues from healthy controls and CKD or kidney fibrosis patients. An RTN3-null mouse model was generated to explore the pathophysiological roles of RTN3 in the kidneys. The underlying mechanisms were studied in primary proximal tubular epithelial cells and HEK293 cells in vitro. The results showed that (1) a reduction in RTN3 in mice induces CKD and kidney fibrosis; (2) decreased RTN3 expression is found in patients with CKD; (3) RTN3 plays critical roles in regulating collagen biosynthesis and mitochondrial function; and (4) mechanistically, RTN3 regulates these phenotypes by interacting with GC-Rich Promoter Binding Protein 1 (GPBP1), which activates the IGF2-JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Our study indicates that RTN3 might play crucial roles in CKD and kidney fibrosis and that a reduction in RTN3 in the kidneys might be a risk factor for CKD and kidney fibrosis. A protein (RTN3) known to be involved in neurodegenerative diseases may play a causative role in kidney fibrosis or scarring, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). An estimated 20% of CKD cases may have genetic causes and identifying the genes involved may help find better treatments. Ri-Qiang Yan at the University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, USA, and Rong Xian at Central South University, China, noticed that mice in which the gene coding for RTN3 was inactivated had kidney fibrosis. The researchers showed that RTN3 levels were also lower in kidney tissues of patients with CKD than in healthy individuals and that RTN3 levels were inversely proportional to disease progression. Further investigation showed that decreased RTN3 caused extra collagen deposition and misshapen mitochondria, the cellular powerhouses, in the kidney. These results identify a potential novel risk factor for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ran Du
- Department of Nephrology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ji-Shi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jie-Yuan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Wan-Xia He
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06032, United States
| | - Ri-Qiang Yan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06032, United States.
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China. .,Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Fibrosis, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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9
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Yurduseven K, Babal YK, Celik E, Kerman BE, Kurnaz IA. Multiple Sclerosis Biomarker Candidates Revealed by Cell-Type-Specific Interactome Analysis. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2022; 26:305-317. [PMID: 35483054 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2022.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disorder that affects multiple regions of the central nervous system such as the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. Susceptibility to MS, as well as disease progression rates, displays marked patient-to-patient variability. To date, biomarkers that forecast differences in clinical phenotypes and outcomes have been limited. In this context, cell-type-specific interactome analyses offer important prospects and hope for novel diagnostics and therapeutics. We report here an original study using bioinformatic analysis of MS data sets that revealed interaction profiles as well as specific hub proteins in white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) that appear critical for disease mechanisms. First, cell-type-specific interactome analyses suggested that while interactions within the WM were focused on oligodendrocytes, interactions within the GM were mostly neuron centric. Second, hub proteins such as APP, EGLN3, PTEN, and LRRK2 were identified to be differentially regulated in MS data sets. Lastly, a comparison of the brain and peripheral blood samples identified biomarker candidates such as NRGN, CRTC1, CDC42, and IFITM3 to be differentially expressed in different types of MS. These findings offer a unique cell-type-specific cell-to-cell interaction network in MS and identify potential biomarkers by comparative analysis of the brain and the blood transcriptomics. From a study design and methodology perspective, we suggest that the cell-type-specific interactome analysis is an important systems science frontier that might offer new insights on other neurodegenerative and brain disorders as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Yurduseven
- Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yigit Koray Babal
- Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Esref Celik
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bilal Ersen Kerman
- Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Işıl Aksan Kurnaz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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10
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He M, Jia Z, Wen Y, Chen X. Circ_0043947 contributes to interleukin 1β-induced injury in chondrocytes by sponging miR-671-5p to up-regulate RTN3 expression in osteoarthritis pathology. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:177. [PMID: 35331286 PMCID: PMC8944141 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-02970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease featured by articular cartilage degeneration and damage. Accumulating evidence have demonstrated the pivotal regulatory roles of circular RNAs in OA pathology. However, the role of circ_0043947 in OA progression and its associated mechanism remain largely unknown. Methods The expression of RNA and protein was determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell proliferation was analyzed by 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay and flow cytometry. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to analyze the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were performed to confirm the target interaction between microRNA-671-5p (miR-671-5p) and circ_0043947 or reticulon 3 (RTN3). Results Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) stimulation up-regulated the expression of circ_0043947 in chondrocytes. IL-1β treatment restrained the viability and proliferation and induced the apoptosis, extracellular matrix degradation and inflammatory response of chondrocytes partly by up-regulating circ_0043947. Circ_0043947 interacted with miR-671-5p, and miR-671-5p silencing largely reversed circ_0043947 knockdown-mediated protective effects in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. miR-671-5p interacted with the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of RTN3. miR-671-5p overexpression attenuated IL-1β-induced injury in chondrocytes, and these protective effects were largely overturned by the overexpression of RTN3. Circ_0043947 acted as a molecular sponge for miR-671-5p to up-regulate RTN3 level in chondrocytes. Conclusion Circ_0043947 silencing alleviated IL-1β-induced injury in chondrocytes by targeting miR-671-5p/RTN3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min He
- Department of Joint Surgery, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang City, 337055, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhihe Jia
- Department of Joint Surgery, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang City, 337055, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yiying Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang City, 337055, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Department of Laboratory, Pingxiang People's Hospital, No. 8 Wugong Shanzhong Avenue, Development Zone, Pingxiang City, Jiangxi, China.
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11
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Golde TE. Alzheimer’s disease – the journey of a healthy brain into organ failure. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:18. [PMID: 35248124 PMCID: PMC8898417 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00523-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As the most common dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exacts an immense personal, societal, and economic toll. AD was first described at the neuropathological level in the early 1900s. Today, we have mechanistic insight into select aspects of AD pathogenesis and have the ability to clinically detect and diagnose AD and underlying AD pathologies in living patients. These insights demonstrate that AD is a complex, insidious, degenerative proteinopathy triggered by Aβ aggregate formation. Over time Aβ pathology drives neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology, dysfunction of virtually all cell types in the brain, and ultimately, overt neurodegeneration. Yet, large gaps in our knowledge of AD pathophysiology and huge unmet medical need remain. Though we largely conceptualize AD as a disease of aging, heritable and non-heritable factors impact brain physiology, either continuously or at specific time points during the lifespan, and thereby alter risk for devolvement of AD. Herein, I describe the lifelong journey of a healthy brain from birth to death with AD, while acknowledging the many knowledge gaps that remain regarding our understanding of AD pathogenesis. To ensure the current lexicon surrounding AD changes from inevitable, incurable, and poorly manageable to a lexicon of preventable, curable, and manageable we must address these knowledge gaps, develop therapies that have a bigger impact on clinical symptoms or progression of disease and use these interventions at the appropriate stage of disease.
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12
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Kulczyńska-Przybik A, Dulewicz M, Słowik A, Borawska R, Kułakowska A, Kochanowicz J, Mroczko B. The Clinical Significance of Cerebrospinal Fluid Reticulon 4 (RTN4) Levels in the Differential Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225281. [PMID: 34830564 PMCID: PMC8622503 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) belong to the top global causes of mortality. Diagnostic approaches to improve early diagnosis and differentiation of these diseases are constantly being sought. Therefore, we aimed to assess the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of Reticulon 4 (RTN4) in patients with neurodegenerative diseases and evaluate the potential clinical usefulness of this protein. RTNs are transmembrane proteins mediating neuroanatomical plasticity and functional recovery after central nervous system injury or diseases. According to our best knowledge, this is the first investigation providing the data concerning the dynamic of CSF RTN4 protein levels in patients with different NDs. Methods: Overall, 77 newly diagnosed patients with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS), as well as 21 controls, were enrolled in the study. The CSF concentrations of tested proteins were assessed using immunological assays. Results: We revealed significantly higher CSF RTN4A levels in patients with AD, PD, and MS in comparison to the controls. Moreover, the comparative analysis of RTN4 concentration between different neurodegenerative diseases revealed the highest concentration of RTN4A in AD patients and a statistically significant difference between AD vs. PD, and AD vs. MS groups. The increased CSF level of the protein correlated with Tau, and pTau181 proteins in AD as well as in PD patients. Conclusions: Our study presents a previously not identified clinical utility of RTN4 in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.D.); (R.B.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maciej Dulewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.D.); (R.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Słowik
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University, 30-688 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Renata Borawska
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.D.); (R.B.); (B.M.)
| | - Alina Kułakowska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jan Kochanowicz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (A.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland; (M.D.); (R.B.); (B.M.)
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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13
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Yang M, Luo S, Wang X, Li C, Yang J, Zhu X, Xiao L, Sun L. ER-Phagy: A New Regulator of ER Homeostasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:684526. [PMID: 34307364 PMCID: PMC8299523 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.684526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the most important cellular organelles and is essential for cell homeostasis. Upon external stimulation, ER stress induces the unfolded protein response (UPR) and ER-associated degradation (ERAD) to maintain ER homeostasis. However, persistent ER stress can lead to cell damage. ER-phagy is a selective form of autophagy that ensures the timely removal of damaged ER, thereby protecting cells from damage caused by excessive ER stress. As ER-phagy is a newly identified form of autophagy, many receptor-mediated ER-phagy pathways have been discovered in recent years. In this review, we summarize our understanding of the maintenance of ER homeostasis and describe the receptors identified to date. Finally, the relationships between ER-phagy and diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenrui Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Changsha, China
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14
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The Implication of Reticulons (RTNs) in Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094630. [PMID: 33924890 PMCID: PMC8125174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reticulons (RTNs) are crucial regulatory factors in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as immune system and play pleiotropic functions. In CNS, RTNs are transmembrane proteins mediating neuroanatomical plasticity and functional recovery after central nervous system injury or diseases. Moreover, RTNs, particularly RTN4 and RTN3, are involved in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation processes. The crucial role of RTNs in the development of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or other neurological conditions such as brain injury or spinal cord injury, has attracted scientific interest. Reticulons, particularly RTN-4A (Nogo-A), could provide both an understanding of early pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders and be potential therapeutic targets which may offer effective treatment or inhibit disease progression. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms and functions of RTNs and their potential usefulness in clinical practice as a diagnostic tool or therapeutic strategy.
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15
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Ling J, Cai H, Lin M, Qi S, Du J, Chen L. RTN1-C mediates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via modulating autophagy. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:170-178. [PMID: 33372676 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been widely accepted that autophagic cell death exacerbates the progression of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Our previous study revealed that overexpression of reticulon protein 1-C (RTN1-C) is involved in cerebral I/R injury. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been studied intensively. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of RTN1-C on autophagy under cerebral I/R. Using an in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation and a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats, we found that the expression of RTN1-C protein was significantly upregulated. We also revealed that RTN1-C knockdown suppressed overactivated autophagy both in vivo and in vitro, as indicated by decreased expressions of autophagic proteins. The number of Beclin-1/propidium iodide-positive cells was significantly less in the LV-shRTN1-C group than in the LV-shNC group. In addition, rapamycin, an activator of autophagy, aggravated cerebral I/R injury. RTN1-C knockdown reduced brain infarct volume, improved neurological deficits, and attenuated cell vulnerability to cerebral I/R injury after rapamycin treatment. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that the modulation of autophagy from RTN1-C may play vital roles in cerebral I/R injury, providing a potential therapeutic treatment for ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ling
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Haijian Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology & Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Muya Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shunli Qi
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbiology & Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lijian Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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16
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Transcription Profiles of Age-at-Maturity-Associated Genes Suggest Cell Fate Commitment Regulation as a Key Factor in the Atlantic Salmon Maturation Process. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:235-246. [PMID: 31740454 PMCID: PMC6945027 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent taxonomic diversification in studies linking genotype with phenotype, follow-up studies aimed at understanding the molecular processes of such genotype-phenotype associations remain rare. The age at which an individual reaches sexual maturity is an important fitness trait in many wild species. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating maturation timing processes remain obscure. A recent genome-wide association study in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) identified large-effect age-at-maturity-associated chromosomal regions including genes vgll3, akap11 and six6, which have roles in adipogenesis, spermatogenesis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, respectively. Here, we determine expression patterns of these genes during salmon development and their potential molecular partners and pathways. Using Nanostring transcription profiling technology, we show development- and tissue-specific mRNA expression patterns for vgll3, akap11 and six6. Correlated expression levels of vgll3 and akap11, which have adjacent chromosomal location, suggests they may have shared regulation. Further, vgll3 correlating with arhgap6 and yap1, and akap11 with lats1 and yap1 suggests that Vgll3 and Akap11 take part in actin cytoskeleton regulation. Tissue-specific expression results indicate that vgll3 and akap11 paralogs have sex-dependent expression patterns in gonads. Moreover, six6 correlating with slc38a6 and rtn1, and Hippo signaling genes suggests that Six6 could have a broader role in the HPG neuroendrocrine and cell fate commitment regulation, respectively. We conclude that Vgll3, Akap11 and Six6 may influence Atlantic salmon maturation timing via affecting adipogenesis and gametogenesis by regulating cell fate commitment and the HPG axis. These results may help to unravel general molecular mechanisms behind maturation.
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17
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Tang FL, Zhao L, Zhao Y, Sun D, Zhu XJ, Mei L, Xiong WC. Coupling of terminal differentiation deficit with neurodegenerative pathology in Vps35-deficient pyramidal neurons. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:2099-2116. [PMID: 31907392 PMCID: PMC7308361 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vps35 (vacuolar protein sorting 35) is a key component of retromer that regulates transmembrane protein trafficking. Dysfunctional Vps35 is a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Vps35 is highly expressed in developing pyramidal neurons, and its physiological role in developing neurons remains to be explored. Here, we provide evidence that Vps35 in embryonic neurons is necessary for axonal and dendritic terminal differentiation. Loss of Vps35 in embryonic neurons results in not only terminal differentiation deficits, but also neurodegenerative pathology, such as cortical brain atrophy and reactive glial responses. The atrophy of neocortex appears to be in association with increases in neuronal death, autophagosome proteins (LC3-II and P62), and neurodegeneration associated proteins (TDP43 and ubiquitin-conjugated proteins). Further studies reveal an increase of retromer cargo protein, sortilin1 (Sort1), in lysosomes of Vps35-KO neurons, and lysosomal dysfunction. Suppression of Sort1 diminishes Vps35-KO-induced dendritic defects. Expression of lysosomal Sort1 recapitulates Vps35-KO-induced phenotypes. Together, these results demonstrate embryonic neuronal Vps35’s function in terminal axonal and dendritic differentiation, reveal an association of terminal differentiation deficit with neurodegenerative pathology, and uncover an important lysosomal contribution to both events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Lei Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, Georgia
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, Georgia.,Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, Georgia.,Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, Georgia.,Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, 30912, Georgia. .,Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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18
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Xiang R, Fan LL, Huang H, Chen YQ, He W, Guo S, Li JJ, Jin JY, Du R, Yan R, Xia K. Increased Reticulon 3 (RTN3) Leads to Obesity and Hypertriglyceridemia by Interacting With Heat Shock Protein Family A (Hsp70) Member 5 (HSPA5). Circulation 2019; 138:1828-1838. [PMID: 29716941 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reticulon 3 (RTN3) is an endoplasmic reticulum protein that has previously been shown to play a role in neurodegenerative diseases, but little is known about its role in lipid metabolism. METHODS Obese patients (n=149), hypertriglyceridemic patients (n=343), and healthy control subjects (n=84) were enrolled to assess their levels of RTN3. To explore the pathophysiological roles of RTN3 in the control of lipid metabolism, we used transgenic mice overexpressing the wild-type human RTN3 gene, the RTN3-null transgenic mouse model, and multiple Caenorhabditis legans strains for molecular characterization. The underlying mechanisms were studied with 3T3L1 cell cultures in vitro. RESULTS We report that overexpressed RTN3 in mice induces obesity and higher accumulation of triglycerides. Increased RTN3 expression is also found in patients with obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. We reveal that RTN3 plays critical roles in regulating the biosynthesis and storage of triglycerides and in controlling lipid droplet expansion. Mechanistically, RTN3 regulates these events through its interactions with heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5, and this enhanced interaction increases sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and AMP-activated kinase activity. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for a role of RTN3 in inducing obesity and triglyceride accumulation and suggests that inhibiting the expression of RTN3 in fat tissue may be a novel therapeutic approach to treat obesity and hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China (R.X., L.-l.F., H.H., S.G., J.-J.L., J.-y.J., R.D., K.X.)
| | - Liang-Liang Fan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China (R.X., L.-l.F., H.H., S.G., J.-J.L., J.-y.J., R.D., K.X.)
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China (R.X., L.-l.F., H.H., S.G., J.-J.L., J.-y.J., R.D., K.X.)
| | - Ya-Qin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China (Y.-q.C.)
| | - Wanxia He
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (W.H., R.Y.)
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China (R.X., L.-l.F., H.H., S.G., J.-J.L., J.-y.J., R.D., K.X.)
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China (R.X., L.-l.F., H.H., S.G., J.-J.L., J.-y.J., R.D., K.X.)
| | - Jie-Yuan Jin
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China (R.X., L.-l.F., H.H., S.G., J.-J.L., J.-y.J., R.D., K.X.)
| | - Ran Du
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China (R.X., L.-l.F., H.H., S.G., J.-J.L., J.-y.J., R.D., K.X.)
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH (W.H., R.Y.)
| | - Kun Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China (R.X., L.-l.F., H.H., S.G., J.-J.L., J.-y.J., R.D., K.X.)
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19
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RTN1-C is involved in high glucose-aggravated neuronal cell subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation injury via endoplasmic reticulum stress. Brain Res Bull 2019; 149:129-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Ong ML, Tuan TA, Poh J, Teh AL, Chen L, Pan H, MacIsaac JL, Kobor MS, Chong YS, Kwek K, Saw SM, Godfrey KM, Gluckman PD, Fortier MV, Karnani N, Meaney MJ, Qiu A, Holbrook JD. Neonatal amygdalae and hippocampi are influenced by genotype and prenatal environment, and reflected in the neonatal DNA methylome. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 18:e12576. [PMID: 31020763 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The amygdala and hippocampus undergo rapid development in early life. The relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the establishment of their developmental trajectories has yet to be examined. We performed imaging on neonates and examined how the observed variation in volume and microstructure of the amygdala and hippocampus varied by genotype, and compared with prenatal maternal mental health and socioeconomic status. Gene × Environment models outcompeted models containing genotype or environment only to best explain the majority of measures but some, especially of the amygdaloid microstructure, were best explained by genotype only. Models including DNA methylation measured in the neonate umbilical cords outcompeted the Gene and Gene × Environment models for the majority of amygdaloid measures and minority of hippocampal measures. This study identified brain region-specific gene networks associated with individual differences in fetal brain development. In particular, genetic and epigenetic variation within CUX1 was highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Lyn Ong
- Singapore Institute of Clinical sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore
| | - Ta A Tuan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Imaging research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joann Poh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Imaging research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ai L Teh
- Singapore Institute of Clinical sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore
| | - Li Chen
- Singapore Institute of Clinical sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore
| | - Hong Pan
- Singapore Institute of Clinical sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore.,School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore
| | - Julia L MacIsaac
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yap S Chong
- Singapore Institute of Clinical sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Kwek
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Duke National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang M Saw
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute of Clinical sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore.,Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and disease, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Duke National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute of Clinical sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute of Clinical sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore.,Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Sackler Program for Epigenetics & Psychobiology at McGill University, Douglas University Mental Health Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anqi Qiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Clinical Imaging research Centre, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute of Clinical sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore
| | - Joanna D Holbrook
- Singapore Institute of Clinical sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore
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Wang T, Chen J, Hou Y, Yu Y, Wang B. BAP31 deficiency contributes to the formation of amyloid‐β plaques in Alzheimer's disease by reducing the stability of RTN3. FASEB J 2018; 33:4936-4946. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801702r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- College of Life Science and HealthNortheastern University Shenyang China
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Life Science and HealthNortheastern University Shenyang China
| | - Yue Hou
- College of Life Science and HealthNortheastern University Shenyang China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Life Science and HealthNortheastern University Shenyang China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Life Science and HealthNortheastern University Shenyang China
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22
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Chang J, Zhang XL, Yu H, Chen J. Downregulation of RTN1-C attenuates MPP +-induced neuronal injury through inhibition of mGluR5 pathway in SN4741 cells. Brain Res Bull 2018; 146:1-6. [PMID: 30521940 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reticulons (RTNs) are a group of membrane-bound proteins that are dominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). RTN1-C, one isoform of RTNs highly expressed in the brain, has been shown to mediate neuronal injury in cerebral ischemia models. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of RTN1-C in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease (PD) mimicked by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment in SN4741 cells. We found that MPP+ significantly increased the expression of RTN1-C, with no effect on RTN1-A and RTN1-B. Downregulation of RTN1-C using siRNA (Si-RTN1-C) markedly increased cell viability and inhibited apoptosis induced by MPP+ treatment. The results of western blot showed that downregulation of RTN1-C inhibited the surface expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) but had no effect on mGluR1. The protective effects of Si-RTN1-C were partially prevented by activating mGluR5, not mGluR1. In addition, the results of Ca2+ imaging showed that downregulation of RTN1-C attenuated intracellular Ca2+ release induced by MPP+, which could be nullified by activation of mGluR5 pathway. In conclusion, our data suggest that downregulation of RTN1-C protects SN4741 cells against MPP+ through mGluR5-mediated preservation of Ca2+ homeostasis. Therefore, RTN1-C might represent a therapeutic target for the treatment of neuronal injury in experimental PD models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Xiao-Le Zhang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Encephalopathy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China.
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Fan XX, Hao YY, Guo SW, Zhao XP, Xiang Y, Feng FX, Liang GT, Dong YW. Knockdown of RTN1-C attenuates traumatic neuronal injury through regulating intracellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. Neurochem Int 2018; 121:19-25. [PMID: 30352262 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reticulons (RTNs) are a family of membrane-bound proteins that are dominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. RTN1-C is one member of RTNs abundantly expressed in the brain and has been shown to mediate neuronal injury in cerebral ischemia models. In the present study, we investigated the role of RTN1-C in an in vitro brain trauma model mimicked by traumatic neuronal injury (TNI) in primary cultured cortical neurons. TNI increased the expression of RTN1-C in cortical neurons but had no effect on RTN1-A and RTN1-B. Knockdown of RTN1-C with specific siRNA (Si-RTN1-C) significantly decreased cytotoxicity and apoptosis after TNI. The results of Ca2+ imaging showed that intracellular Ca2+ overload induced by TNI was attenuated by RTN1-C knockdown. Furthermore, the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1)-induced Ca2+ response was partially prevented by Si-RTN1-C transfection. We also evaluated the role of RTN1-C in store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in cortical neurons using the ER Ca2+ inducer thapsigargin (Tg). The results showed that knockdown of RTN1-C alleviated the SOCE-mediated Ca2+ influx and decreased the expression of stromal interactive molecule 1 (STIM1). In summary, the present study found that knockdown of RTN1-C protected neurons against TNI via preservation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, which was associated with the inhibition of mGluR1-mediated ER Ca2+ release and suppression of STIM1-related SOCE. Thus, RTN1-C might represent a therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury (TBI) research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xuan Fan
- Neurosurgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China; Neurosurgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Ying Hao
- Neurosurgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shi-Wen Guo
- Neurosurgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhao
- Neurosurgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Neurosurgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei-Xue Feng
- Medical Inspection Center, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ge-Ting Liang
- Neurosurgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, 712000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu-Wei Dong
- Neurosurgery Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
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Shao M, Liu W, Wang Y. Differentially expressed LncRNAs as potential prognostic biomarkers for glioblastoma. Cancer Genet 2018; 226-227:23-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Bateman LA, Nguyen TB, Roberts AM, Miyamoto DK, Ku WM, Huffman TR, Petri Y, Heslin MJ, Contreras CM, Skibola CF, Olzmann JA, Nomura DK. Chemoproteomics-enabled covalent ligand screen reveals a cysteine hotspot in reticulon 4 that impairs ER morphology and cancer pathogenicity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:7234-7237. [PMID: 28352901 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01480e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical genetics has arisen as a powerful approach for identifying novel anti-cancer agents. However, a major bottleneck of this approach is identifying the targets of lead compounds that arise from screens. Here, we coupled the synthesis and screening of fragment-based cysteine-reactive covalent ligands with activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) chemoproteomic approaches to identify compounds that impair colorectal cancer pathogenicity and map the druggable hotspots targeted by these hits. Through this coupled approach, we discovered a cysteine-reactive acrylamide DKM 3-30 that significantly impaired colorectal cancer cell pathogenicity through targeting C1101 on reticulon 4 (RTN4). While little is known about the role of RTN4 in colorectal cancer, this protein has been established as a critical mediator of endoplasmic reticulum tubular network formation. We show here that covalent modification of C1101 on RTN4 by DKM 3-30 or genetic knockdown of RTN4 impairs endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope morphology as well as colorectal cancer pathogenicity. We thus put forth RTN4 as a potential novel colorectal cancer therapeutic target and reveal a unique druggable hotspot within RTN4 that can be targeted by covalent ligands to impair colorectal cancer pathogenicity. Our results underscore the utility of coupling the screening of fragment-based covalent ligands with isoTOP-ABPP platforms for mining the proteome for novel druggable nodes that can be targeted for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Bateman
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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26
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Zhang Y, Yuan S, Pu J, Yang L, Zhou X, Liu L, Jiang X, Zhang H, Teng T, Tian L, Xie P. Integrated Metabolomics and Proteomics Analysis of Hippocampus in a Rat Model of Depression. Neuroscience 2018; 371:207-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Identification of rare RTN3 variants in Alzheimer's disease in Han Chinese. Hum Genet 2018; 137:141-150. [PMID: 29356939 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-018-1868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Reticulon 3 (RTN3) is a neuronally-expressed reticulon family protein that was previously shown to negatively regulate BACE1, a protease that is required for the generation of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) from amyloid precursor protein. Despite biochemical and morphological evidence that supports a role of RTN3 in the formation of neuritic amyloid plaques, no systematic analyses of RTN3 mutations in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have yet been reported. RTN3 were targeted sequenced in 154 sporadic early-onset and 285 late-onset AD patients. Luciferase reporter assay and kymographs were performed to analysis the expression of RNT3 and BACE1-RFP particle mobility on cells transfected with wild-type or variants RTN3 constructs. We identified heterozygous variants such as c.-8G > T, c.17C > A, c.42C > T, and c.116C > T from patients in the early-onset AD group and c.-8G > T, c.17C > A, from patients in the late-onset AD group. Such variants of RTN3 were not observed in control individuals. Further biochemical studies show that the RTN3 c.-8G > T variant in the 5'-untranslated region appears to cause reduced expression of RTN3. The RTN3 c.116 C > T variant causes a change of codon T39 to M39 (T39 M). Overexpression of RTN3 T39 M in cultured neurons led to impaired axonal transport of BACE1. The variants found in this study are likely genetic modifiers for RTN3-mediated formation of neuritic plaques in AD.
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28
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Cui X, Lu L, Wang Y, Yuan X, Chen X. The interaction of soybean reticulon homology domain protein (GmRHP) with Soybean mosaic virus encoded P3 contributes to the viral infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:2105-2110. [PMID: 29229386 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a member of the Potyvirus genus, is a prevalent and devastating viral pathogen in soybean-growing regions worldwide. Potyvirus replication occurs in the 6K2-induced viral replication complex at endoplasmic reticulum exit sites. Potyvirus-encoded P3 is also associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and is as an essential component of the viral replication complex, playing a key role in viral replication. This study provides evidence that the soybean (Glycine max) reticulon homology domain protein (designated as GmRHP) interacts with SMV-P3 by using a two-hybrid yeast system to screen a soybean cDNA library. A bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay further confirmed the interaction, which occurred on the cytomembrane, endoplasmic reticulum and cytoskeleton in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. The transient expression of GmRHP can promote the coupling of Turnip mosaic virus replication and cell-to-cell movement in N. benthamiana. The interaction between the membrane protein SMV-P3 and GmRHP may contribute to the potyvirus infection, and GmRHP may be an essential host factor for P3's involvement in potyvirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cui
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, PR China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, PR China; Department of Horticulture, School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, PR China
| | - Xingxing Yuan
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210014, PR China.
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29
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Sharoar MG, Yan R. Effects of altered RTN3 expression on BACE1 activity and Alzheimer's neuritic plaques. Rev Neurosci 2018; 28:145-154. [PMID: 27883331 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Reticulon 3 (RTN3), which is a member of the reticulon family of proteins, has a biochemical function of shaping tubular endoplasmic reticulum. RTN3 has also been found to interact with β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), which initiates the generation of β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) from amyloid precursor protein. Aβ is the major proteinaceous component in neuritic plaques, which constitute one of the major pathological features in brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Mice deficient in or overexpressing RTN3 have altered amyloid deposition through effects on BACE1 expression and activity. In this review, we will summarize the current findings concerning the role of RTN3 in AD pathogenesis and demonstrate that RTN3 protein levels act as age-dependent modulators of BACE1 activity and Aβ deposition during the pathogenic progression of AD.
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30
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RTN1-C mediates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via ER stress and mitochondria-associated apoptosis pathways. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3080. [PMID: 28981095 PMCID: PMC5680587 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The reticulon family has been found to induce apoptosis, inhibit axon regeneration and regulate protein trafficking. However, little is known about the mechanisms of how reticulon proteins are involved in neuronal death-promoting processes during ischemia. Here, we report that the expression of Reticulon Protein 1-C (RTN1-C) was associated with the progression of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Using a combination of rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke and oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) models, we determined that the expression of RTN1-C was significantly increased during cerebral ischemic/reperfusion. RTN1-C overexpression induced apoptosis and increased the cell vulnerability to ischemic injury, whereas RTN1-C knockdown reversed ischemia-induced apoptosis and attenuated the vulnerability of OGD/R-treated neural cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that RTN1-C mediated OGD/R-induced apoptosis through ER stress and mitochondria-associated pathways. RTN1-C interacted with Bcl-xL and increased its localization in the ER, thus reducing the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-xL. Most importantly, knockdown of Rtn1-c expression in vivo attenuated apoptosis in MCAO rats and reduced the extent of I/R-induced brain injury, as assessed by infarct volume and neurological score. Collectively, these data support for the first time that RTN1-C may represent a novel candidate for therapies against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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31
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Shi Q, Ge Y, He W, Hu X, Yan R. RTN1 and RTN3 protein are differentially associated with senile plaques in Alzheimer's brains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6145. [PMID: 28733667 PMCID: PMC5522448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reticulon proteins (RTNs), consisting of RTN1 to RTN4, were previously shown to interact with BACE1 by negatively modulating its secretase activity. In RTN3-null mice, RTN1 expression was slightly elevated. To understand the in vivo role of RTN1, we generated RTN1-null mice and compared the effects of RTN1 and RTN3 on BACE1 modulation. We show that RTN1 is mostly expressed by neurons and not by glial cells under normal conditions, similar to the expression of RTN3. However, RTN1 is more localized in dendrites and is an excellent marker for dendrites of Purkinje cells, while RTN3 expression is less evident in dendrites. This differential localization also correlates with their associations with amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's brains: RTN3, but not RTN1, is abundantly enriched in dystrophic neurites. RTN3 deficiency causes elevation of BACE1 protein levels, while RTN1 deficiency shows no obvious effects on BACE1 activity due to compensation by RTN3, as RTN1 deficiency causes elevation of RTN3 expression. Hence, expression of RTN1 and RTN3 is tightly regulated in mouse brains. Together, our data show that RTN1 and RTN3 have differential effects on the formation of senile plaques in Alzheimer's brains and that RTN3 has a more prominent role in Alzheimer's pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Yingying Ge
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Wanxia He
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Xiangyou Hu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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32
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LMD proteomics provides evidence for hippocampus field-specific motor protein abundance changes with relevance to Alzheimer's disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2017; 1865:703-714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Chen Y, Yang X, Xu Y, Cao J, Chen L. Genomic analysis of drug resistant small cell lung cancer cell lines by combining mRNA and miRNA expression profiling. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4077-4084. [PMID: 28599409 PMCID: PMC5452998 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Etoposide (VP16) combined with cisplatin (DDP), as the first-line chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), regularly confers drug resistance. The present study applied complementary (c)DNA and micro (mi)RNA microarray to identify gene and miRNA expression profiles associated with multidrug resistance (MDR) in SCLC. The VP16/DDP (VP16 combined with DDP) resistant SCLC H446/EP cell line was derived from the parental H446 cell line by continuous exposure to increasing concentrations of etoposide and cisplatin. The mRNA and miRNA expression profiles between the resistant and parental SCLC cells were analyzed by Phalanx OneArray™ mRNA and miRNA microarray, and the results were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of 75 genes were downregulated whilst 40 genes were upregulated in the H446/EP cell line compared with the H446 cell line. The expression levels of 16 miRNAs were upregulated whilst 15 were downregulated in the H446/EP cell line compared with the H446 cell line. Expression profile studies indicate that the particular mRNA and miRNA alteration demonstrated in MDR of SCLC may provide potential biomolecular targets for MDR reversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yichen Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Jiongrui Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Longbang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Kotewicz KM, Ramabhadran V, Sjoblom N, Vogel JP, Haenssler E, Zhang M, Behringer J, Scheck RA, Isberg RR. A Single Legionella Effector Catalyzes a Multistep Ubiquitination Pathway to Rearrange Tubular Endoplasmic Reticulum for Replication. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 21:169-181. [PMID: 28041930 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular pathogens manipulate host organelles to support replication within cells. For Legionella pneumophila, the bacterium translocates proteins that establish an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated replication compartment. We show here that the bacterial Sde proteins target host reticulon 4 (Rtn4) to control tubular ER dynamics, resulting in tubule rearrangements as well as alterations in Rtn4 associated with the replication compartment. These rearrangements are triggered via Sde-promoted ubiquitin transfer to Rtn4, occurring almost immediately after bacterial uptake. Ubiquitin transfer requires two sequential enzymatic activities from a single Sde polypeptide: an ADP-ribosyltransferase and a nucleotidase/phosphohydrolase. The ADP-ribosylated moiety of ubiquitin is a substrate for the nucleotidase/phosphohydrolase, resulting in either transfer of ubiquitin to Rtn4 or phosphoribosylation of ubiquitin in the absence of a ubiquitination target. Therefore, a single bacterial protein drives a multistep biochemical pathway to control ubiquitination and tubular ER function independently of the host ubiquitin machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Kotewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Vinay Ramabhadran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nicole Sjoblom
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave., Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Joseph P Vogel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Eva Haenssler
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Mengyun Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jessica Behringer
- Program in Genetics, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Rebecca A Scheck
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave., Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Ralph R Isberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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35
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Sharoar MG, Shi Q, Ge Y, He W, Hu X, Perry G, Zhu X, Yan R. Dysfunctional tubular endoplasmic reticulum constitutes a pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1263-71. [PMID: 26619807 PMCID: PMC4887420 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pathological features in Alzheimer's brains include mitochondrial dysfunction and dystrophic neurites (DNs) in areas surrounding amyloid plaques. Using a mouse model that overexpresses reticulon 3 (RTN3) and spontaneously develops age-dependent hippocampal DNs, here we report that DNs contain both RTN3 and REEPs, topologically similar proteins that can shape tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Importantly, ultrastructural examinations of such DNs revealed gradual accumulation of tubular ER in axonal termini, and such abnormal tubular ER inclusion is found in areas surrounding amyloid plaques in biopsy samples from Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Functionally, abnormally clustered tubular ER induces enhanced mitochondrial fission in the early stages of DN formation and eventual mitochondrial degeneration at later stages. Furthermore, such DNs are abrogated when RTN3 is ablated in aging and AD mouse models. Hence, abnormally clustered tubular ER can be pathogenic in brain regions: disrupting mitochondrial integrity, inducing DNs formation and impairing cognitive function in AD and aging brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Golam Sharoar
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Qi Shi
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Yingying Ge
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Wanxia He
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Xiangyou Hu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - George Perry
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195
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Xu YQ, Sun ZQ, Wang YT, Xiao F, Chen MW. Function of Nogo-A/Nogo-A receptor in Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2015; 21:479-85. [PMID: 25732725 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nogo-A is a protein inhibiting axonal regeneration, which is considered a major obstacle to nerve regeneration after injury in mammals. Rapid progress has been achieved in new physiopathological function of Nogo-A in Alzheimer's disease in the past decade. Recent research shows that through binding to Nogo-A receptor, Nogo-A plays an important role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Particularly, Nogo-A/Nogo-A receptors modulate the generation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ), which is thought to be a major cause of AD. This review describes the recent development of Nogo-A, Nogo-A receptor, and downstream signaling involved in AD and pharmacological basis of therapeutic drugs. We concluded the Nogo-A/Nogo-A receptor provide new insight into potential mechanisms and promising therapy strategies in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Zhong-Qing Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Wan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Abstract
Reticulon 3 (RTN3) has previously been shown to interact with BACE1 and negatively regulate BACE1 activity. To what extent RTN3 deficiency affects BACE1 activity is an intriguing question. In this study, we aimed to address this by generating RTN3-null mice. Mice with complete deficiency of RTN3 grow normally and have no obviously discernible phenotypes. Morphological analyses of RTN3-null mice showed no significant alterations in cellular structure, although RTN3 is recognized as a protein contributing to the shaping of tubular endoplasmic reticulum. Biochemical analysis revealed that RTN3 deficiency increased protein levels of BACE1. This elevation of BACE1 levels correlated with enhanced processing of amyloid precursor protein at the β-secretase site. We also demonstrated that RTN3 deficiency in Alzheimer's mouse models facilitates amyloid deposition, further supporting an in vivo role of RTN3 in the regulation of BACE1 activity. Since it has been shown that RTN3 monomer is reduced in brains of Alzheimer's patients, our results suggest that long-lasting reduction of RTN3 levels has adverse effects on BACE1 activity and may contribute to Alzheimer's pathogenesis.
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Chen L, Wan L, Du J, Shen Y. Identification of MANF as a protein interacting with RTN1-C. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:91-7. [PMID: 25543119 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reticulons (RTNs) constitute a family of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated proteins with a reticular distribution. Recently, evidence has shown that they exert a cancer-specific proapoptotic function via interaction or modulation of specific proteins. Such evidence is particularly associated with the RTN1-C family members. In order to explore proteins that interact with RTN1-C, the yeast two-hybrid system and regular molecular biological techniques were used to screen the human fetal brain cDNA library. As a result, seven RTN1-C interacting proteins including Homo sapiens mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) were obtained. The interactions between RTN1-C and its interacting proteins were confirmed by β-galactosidase assay and growth test in selective media. Moreover, the MANF/RTN1-C interaction was verified in vitro by glutathione S-transferase pull-down assay and in vivo by immunoprecipitation assay. By immunofluorescence assay, it was found that MANF co-localized with RTN1-C in the ER. Knockdown of RTN1-C reduced the localization of MANF in the ER. These results provide clues to further explore the function of RTN1-C and MANF in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China Department of Anaesthesiology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lijuan Wan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jian Du
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuxian Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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Beyer N, Coulson D, Quinn J, Brockbank S, Hellemans J, Irvine G, Ravid R, Johnston J. mRNA levels of BACE1 and its interacting proteins, RTN3 and PPIL2, correlate in human post mortem brain tissue. Neuroscience 2014; 274:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Deng M, He W, Tan Y, Han H, Hu X, Xia K, Zhang Z, Yan R. Increased expression of reticulon 3 in neurons leads to reduced axonal transport of β site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:30236-30245. [PMID: 24005676 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.480079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACE1 is the sole enzyme responsible for cleaving amyloid precursor protein at the β-secretase site, and this cleavage initiates the generation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). Because amyloid precursor protein is predominantly expressed by neurons and deposition of Aβ aggregates in the human brain is highly correlated with the Aβ released at axonal terminals, we focused our investigation of BACE1 localization on the neuritic region. We show that BACE1 was not only enriched in the late Golgi, trans-Golgi network, and early endosomes but also in both axons and dendrites. BACE1 was colocalized with the presynaptic vesicle marker synaptophysin, indicating the presence of BACE1 in synapses. Because the excessive release of Aβ from synapses is attributable to an increase in amyloid deposition, we further explored whether the presence of BACE1 in synapses was regulated by reticulon 3 (RTN3), a protein identified previously as a negative regulator of BACE1. We found that RTN3 is not only localized in the endoplasmic reticulum but also in neuritic regions where no endoplasmic reticulum-shaping proteins are detected, implicating additional functions of RTN3 in neurons. Coexpression of RTN3 with BACE1 in cultured neurons was sufficient to reduce colocalization of BACE1 with synaptophysin. This reduction correlated with decreased anterograde transport of BACE1 in axons in response to overexpressed RTN3. Our results in this study suggest that altered RTN3 levels can impact the axonal transport of BACE1 and demonstrate that reducing axonal transport of BACE1 in axons is a viable strategy for decreasing BACE1 in axonal terminals and, perhaps, reducing amyloid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzi Deng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China and
| | - Wanxia He
- the Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Ya Tan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China and
| | - Hailong Han
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China and
| | - Xiangyou Hu
- the Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Kun Xia
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China and
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China and.
| | - Riqiang Yan
- the Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195.
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Zhao B, Pan BS, Shen SW, Sun X, Hou ZZ, Yan R, Sun FY. Diabetes-induced central neuritic dystrophy and cognitive deficits are associated with the formation of oligomeric reticulon-3 via oxidative stress. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:15590-9. [PMID: 23592790 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.440784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a high risk factor to dementia. To investigate the molecular mechanism of diabetic dementia, we induced type 2 diabetes in rats and examined potential changes in their cognitive functions and the neural morphology of the brains. We found that the diabetic rats with an impairment of spatial learning and memory showed the occurrence of RTN3-immunoreactive dystrophic neurites in the cortex. Biochemical examinations revealed the increase of a high molecular weight form of RTN3 (HW-RTN3) in diabetic brains. The corresponding decrease of monomeric RTN3 was correlated with the reduction of its inhibitory effects on the activity of β-secretase (BACE1), a key enzyme for generation of β-amyloid peptides. The results from immunoprecipitation combined with protein carbonyl detection showed that carbonylated RTN3 was significantly higher in cortical tissues of diabetic rats compared with control rats, indicating that diabetes-induced oxidative stress led to RTN3 oxidative damage. In neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, high glucose and/or H2O2 treatment significantly increased the amounts of carbonylated proteins and HW-RTN3, whereas monomeric RTN3 was reduced. Hence, we conclude that diabetes-induced cognitive deficits and central neuritic dystrophy are correlated with the formation of aggregated RTN3 via oxidative stress. We provided the first evidence that oxidative damage caused the formation of toxic RTN3 aggregates, which participated in the pathogenesis of central neuritic dystrophy in diabetic brain. Present findings may offer a new therapeutic strategy to prevent or reduce diabetic dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhao
- Institutes for Biomedical Science and Department of Neurobiology of the School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200032
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Bernardoni P, Fazi B, Costanzi A, Nardacci R, Montagna C, Filomeni G, Ciriolo MR, Piacentini M, Di Sano F. Reticulon1-C modulates protein disulphide isomerase function. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e581. [PMID: 23559015 PMCID: PMC3641336 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the primary site for the synthesis and folding of secreted and membrane-bound proteins. Accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins in ER underlies a wide range of human neurodegenerative disorders. Hence, molecules regulating the ER stress response represent potential candidates as drug targets for tackling these diseases. Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) is a chaperone involved in ER stress pathway, its activity being an important cellular defense against protein misfolding. Here, we demonstrate that human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing the reticulon protein 1-C (RTN1-C) reticulon family member show a PDI punctuate subcellular distribution identified as ER vesicles. This represents an event associated with a significant increase of PDI enzymatic activity. We provide evidence that the modulation of PDI localization and activity does not only rely upon ER stress induction or upregulation of its synthesis, but tightly correlates to an alteration in its nitrosylation status. By using different RTN1-C mutants, we demonstrate that the observed effects depend on RTN1-C N-terminal region and on the integrity of the microtubule network. Overall, our results indicate that RTN1-C induces PDI redistribution in ER vesicles, and concomitantly modulates its activity by decreasing the levels of its S-nitrosylated form. Thus RTN1-C represents a promising candidate to modulate PDI function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bernardoni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Shi Q, Prior M, Zhou X, Tang X, He W, Hu X, Yan R. Preventing formation of reticulon 3 immunoreactive dystrophic neurites improves cognitive function in mice. J Neurosci 2013; 33:3059-66. [PMID: 23407961 PMCID: PMC3711383 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2445-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuritic dystrophy is one of the important pathological features associated with amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-dependent neuronal dysfunctions. We reported previously that reticulon-3 (RTN3) immunoreactive dystrophic neurites (RIDNs) are abundantly present in the hippocampus of AD patients, in AD mouse models, and in aged wild-type mice. Transgenic mice overexpressing the human RTN3 transgene spontaneously develop RIDNs in their hippocampi, and the formation of RIDNs correlates with the appearance of RTN3 aggregation. To further elucidate whether the formation of RIDNs is reversible, we generated transgenic mice expressing wild-type human RTN3 under the control of a tetracycline-responsive promoter. Treatment with doxycycline for 2 months effectively turned off expression of the human RTN3 transgene, confirming the inducible nature of the system. However, the formation of hippocampal RIDNs was dependent on whether the transgene was turned off before or after the formation of RTN3 aggregates. When transgenic human RTN3 expression was turned off at young age, formation of RIDNs was essentially eliminated compared with the vehicle-treated transgenic mice. More importantly, a fear conditioning study demonstrated that contextual associative learning and memory in inducible transgenic mice was improved if the density of RIDNs was lowered. Additional mechanistic study suggested that a reduction in BDNF levels in transgenic mice might contribute to the reduced learning and memory in transgenic mice overexpressing RTN3. Hence, we conclude that age-dependent RIDNs cannot be effectively cleared once they have formed, and we postulate that successful prevention of RIDN formation should be initiated before RTN3 aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Shi
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Marguerite Prior
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Xiangdong Zhou
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Xiaoying Tang
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Wanxia He
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Xiangyou Hu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
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Membrane trafficking in neuronal maintenance and degeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 70:2919-34. [PMID: 23132096 PMCID: PMC3722462 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Defects in membrane trafficking and degradation are hallmarks of most, and maybe all, neurodegenerative disorders. Such defects typically result in the accumulation of undegraded proteins due to aberrant endosomal sorting, lysosomal degradation, or autophagy. The genetic or environmental cause of a specific disease may directly affect these membrane trafficking processes. Alternatively, changes in intracellular sorting and degradation can occur as cellular responses of degenerating neurons to unrelated primary defects such as insoluble protein aggregates or other neurotoxic insults. Importantly, altered membrane trafficking may contribute to the pathogenesis or indeed protect the neuron. The observation of dramatic changes to membrane trafficking thus comes with the challenging need to distinguish pathological from protective alterations. Here, we will review our current knowledge about the protective and destructive roles of membrane trafficking in neuronal maintenance and degeneration. In particular, we will first focus on the question of what type of membrane trafficking keeps healthy neurons alive in the first place. Next, we will discuss what alterations of membrane trafficking are known to occur in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies, Parkinson's disease, polyQ diseases, peripheral neuropathies, and lysosomal storage disorders. Combining the maintenance and degeneration viewpoints may yield insight into how to distinguish when membrane trafficking functions protectively or contributes to degeneration.
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Zhurov V, Stead JDH, Merali Z, Palkovits M, Faludi G, Schild-Poulter C, Anisman H, Poulter MO. Molecular pathway reconstruction and analysis of disturbed gene expression in depressed individuals who died by suicide. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47581. [PMID: 23110080 PMCID: PMC3478292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms behind the etiology and pathophysiology of major depressive disorder and suicide remain largely unknown. Recent molecular studies of expression of serotonin, GABA and CRH receptors in various brain regions have demonstrated that molecular factors may contribute to the development of depressive disorder and suicide behaviour. Here, we used microarray analysis to examine the expression of genes in brain tissue (frontopolar cortex) of individuals who had been diagnosed with major depressive disorder and died by suicide, and those who had died suddenly without a history of depression. We analyzed the list of differentially expressed genes using pathway analysis, which is an assumption-free approach to analyze microarray data. Our analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes formed functional networks that were implicated in cell to cell signaling related to synapse maturation, neuronal growth and neuronal complexity. We further validated these data by randomly choosing (100 times) similarly sized gene lists and subjecting these lists to the same analyses. Random gene lists did not provide highly connected gene networks like those generated by the differentially expressed list derived from our samples. We also found through correlational analysis that the gene expression of control participants was more highly coordinated than in the MDD/suicide group. These data suggest that among depressed individuals who died by suicide, wide ranging perturbations of gene expression exist that are critical for normal synaptic connectively, morphology and cell to cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Zhurov
- Molecular Brain Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John D. H. Stead
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zul Merali
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miklos Palkovits
- Laboratory for Neuromorphology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Faludi
- Semmelweis University Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Caroline Schild-Poulter
- Molecular Brain Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael O. Poulter
- Molecular Brain Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Di Sano F, Piacentini M. Reticulon Protein-1C: A New Hope in the Treatment of Different Neuronal Diseases. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:651805. [PMID: 22693512 PMCID: PMC3368183 DOI: 10.1155/2012/651805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reticulons (RTNs) are a group of membrane proteins localized on the ER and known to regulate ER structure and functions. Several studies have suggested that RTNs are involved in different important cellular functions such as changes in calcium homeostasis, ER-stress-mediated cell death, and autophagy. RTNs have been demonstrated to exert a cancer specific proapoptotic function via the interaction or the modulation of specific proteins. Reticulons have also been implicated in different signaling pathways which are at the basis of the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper we discuss the accumulating evidence identifying RTN-1C protein as a promising target in the treatment of different pathologies such as cancer or neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Sano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “L. Spallanzani”, Via Portuense, 00149 Rome, Italy
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Bhat P, Chakrabarty M, Thawani V, Saxena A. Signalled roads to memory and its degeneration. Ann Neurosci 2012; 19:84-7. [PMID: 25205973 PMCID: PMC4117045 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.12190209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain is concerned with the thoughts, feelings, perception, learning, memory and behaviour. The present review discusses some of the prominent molecular pathways governing memory acquisition, storage and subsequent consolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. R.P. Government. Medical College, Tanda, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh.176001
| | | | | | - Alok Saxena
- Department of Anatomy, Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Govt. Medical Science and Research Institute, Srinagar, Srikot – 246174, Garhwal, Uttarakhand, INDIA
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Di Sano F, Bernardoni P, Piacentini M. The reticulons: guardians of the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum. Exp Cell Res 2012; 318:1201-7. [PMID: 22425683 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) consists of the nuclear envelope and a peripheral network of tubules and membrane sheets. The tubules are shaped by a specific class of curvature stabilizing proteins, the reticulons and DP1; however it is still unclear how the sheets are assembled. The ER is the cellular compartment responsible for secretory and membrane protein synthesis. The reducing conditions of ER lead to the intra/inter-chain formation of new disulphide bonds into polypeptides during protein folding assessed by enzymatic or spontaneous reactions. Moreover, ER represents the main intracellular calcium storage site and it plays an important role in calcium signaling that impacts many cellular processes. Accordingly, the maintenance of ER function represents an essential condition for the cell, and ER morphology constitutes an important prerogative of it. Furthermore, it is well known that ER undergoes prominent shape transitions during events such as cell division and differentiation. Thus, maintaining the correct ER structure is an essential feature for cellular physiology. Now, it is known that proper ER-associated proteins play a fundamental role in ER tubules formation. Among these ER-shaping proteins are the reticulons (RTN), which are acquiring a relevant position. In fact, beyond the structural role of reticulons, in very recent years new and deeper functional implications of these proteins are emerging in relation to their involvement in several cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Sano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Calvo AC, Manzano R, Atencia-Cibreiro G, Oliván S, Muñoz MJ, Zaragoza P, Cordero-Vázquez P, Esteban-Pérez J, García-Redondo A, Osta R. Genetic biomarkers for ALS disease in transgenic SOD1(G93A) mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32632. [PMID: 22412900 PMCID: PMC3296719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms of both familial and sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are unknown, although growing evidence suggests that skeletal muscle tissue is a primary target of ALS toxicity. Skeletal muscle biopsies were performed on transgenic SOD1G93A mice, a mouse model of ALS, to determine genetic biomarkers of disease longevity. Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane, and three biopsy samples were obtained per animal at the three main stages of the disease. Transcriptional expression levels of seventeen genes, Ankrd1, Calm1, Col19a1, Fbxo32, Gsr, Impa1, Mef2c, Mt2, Myf5, Myod1, Myog, Nnt, Nogo A, Pax7, Rrad, Sln and Snx10, were tested in each muscle biopsy sample. Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol Reagent according to the manufacturer's protocol, and variations in gene expression were assayed by real-time PCR for all of the samples. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the linear correlation between transcriptional expression levels throughout disease progression and longevity. Consistent with the results obtained from total skeletal muscle of transgenic SOD1G93A mice and 74-day-old denervated mice, five genes (Mef2c, Gsr, Col19a1, Calm1 and Snx10) could be considered potential genetic biomarkers of longevity in transgenic SOD1G93A mice. These results are important because they may lead to the exploration of previously unexamined tissues in the search for new disease biomarkers and even to the application of these findings in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Calvo
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Aragon's Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Manzano
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Aragon's Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gabriela Atencia-Cibreiro
- Unidad de ELA, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U-723), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Oliván
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Aragon's Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María J. Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Aragon's Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Aragon's Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Cordero-Vázquez
- Unidad de ELA, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U-723), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Esteban-Pérez
- Unidad de ELA, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U-723), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Redondo
- Unidad de ELA, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER U-723), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Osta
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica (LAGENBIO-I3A), Aragon's Institute of Health Sciences (IACS), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Mi YJ, Hou B, Liao QM, Ma Y, Luo Q, Dai YK, Ju G, Jin WL. Amino-Nogo-A antagonizes reactive oxygen species generation and protects immature primary cortical neurons from oxidative toxicity. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:1175-86. [PMID: 22261619 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2011.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nogo-A is originally identified as an inhibitor of axon regeneration from the CNS myelin. Nogo-A is mainly expressed by oligodendrocytes, and also by some neuronal subpopulations, particularly in the developing nervous system. Although extensive studies have uncovered regulatory roles of Nogo-A in neurite outgrowth inhibition, precursor migration, neuronal homeostasis, plasticity and neurodegeneration, its cell-autonomous functions in neurons are largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that HIV-1 trans-activating-mediated amino-Nogo-A protein transduction into cultured primary cortical neurons achieves an almost complete neuroprotection against oxidative stress induced by exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Endogenously expressed neuronal Nogo-A is significantly downregulated upon H(2)O(2) treatment. Furthermore, knockdown of Nogo-A results in more susceptibility to acute oxidative insults and markedly increases neuronal death. Interacting with peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2), amino-Nogo-A reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation to exert neuroprotective effects. Structure-function mapping experiments reveal that, out of NiG-Δ20, a novel region comprising residues 290-562 of amino-Nogo-A is indispensable for preventing oxidative neuronal death. Moreover, mutagenesis analysis confirms that cysteine residues 424, 464 and 559 are involved in the inhibition of ROS generation and neuroprotective role of amino-Nogo-A. Our data suggest that neuronal Nogo-A might play a cell-autonomous role in improving neuronal survival against oxidative insult through interacting with Prdx2 and scavenging of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-J Mi
- Institute of Neurosciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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