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Li M, Pu J, Jia C, Luo D, Zhou Q, Fang X, Nie B, Liu W, Nan Z, Searle IR, Fang L, Liu Z. The genome of Vicia sativa ssp. amphicarpa provides insights into the role of terpenoids in antimicrobial resistance within subterranean fruits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39039964 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Vicia sativa ssp. amphicarpa is a unique forage crop capable of simultaneously producing fruits above and below ground, representing a typical amphicarpic plant. In this study, we sequenced and assembled seven pseudo-chromosomes of the genome of V. sativa ssp. amphicarpa (n = 7) yielding a genome size of 1.59 Gb, with a total annotation of 48 932 protein-coding genes. Long terminal repeat (LTR) elements constituted 62.28% of the genome, significantly contributing to the expansion of genome size. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the divergence between V. sativa ssp. amphicarpa and V. sativa was around 0.88 million years ago (MYA). Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of aerial and subterranean pod shells showed biosynthesis of terpenoids in the subterranean pod shells indicating a correlation between the antimicrobial activity of subterranean pod shells and the biosynthesis of terpenoids. Furthermore, functional validation indicates that overexpression of VsTPS5 and VsTPS16 enhances terpenoid biosynthesis for antibacterial activity. Metabolomic analysis suggests the involvement of terpenoids in the antimicrobial properties of subterranean pod shells. Deciphering the genome of V. sativa ssp. amphicarpa elucidated the molecular mechanisms behind the antimicrobial properties of subterranean fruits in amphicarpic plants, providing valuable insights for the study of amphicarpic plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Jun Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Chenglin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Xiangling Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Bin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Wenxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Zhibiao Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Iain Robert Searle
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Longfa Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
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Zhou Y, Li X, Wang D, Yu Z, Liu Y, Hu L, Bian Z. Identification of Transcription Factors of Santalene Synthase Gene Promoters and SaSSY Cis-Elements through Yeast One-Hybrid Screening in Santalum album L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1882. [PMID: 38999721 PMCID: PMC11244121 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The main components of sandalwood heartwood essential oil are terpenoids, approximately 80% of which are α-santalol and β-santalol. In the synthesis of the main secondary metabolites of sandalwood heartwood, the key gene, santalene synthase (SaSSY), can produce α-santalene and β-santalene by catalyzed (E, E)-FPP. Furthermore, santalene is catalyzed by the cytochrome monooxygenase SaCYP736A167 to form sandalwood essential oil, which then produces a fragrance. However, the upstream regulatory mechanism of the key gene santalene synthase remains unclear. In this study, SaSSY (Sal3G10690) promoter transcription factors and SaSSY cis-elements were screened. The results showed that the titer of the sandalwood cDNA library was 1.75 × 107 CFU/mL, 80% of the inserted fragments identified by PCR were over 750 bp in length, and the positivity rate of the library was greater than 90%. The promoter region of the SaSSY gene was shown to have the structural basis for potential regulatory factor binding. After sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, we successfully obtained 51 positive clones and identified four potential SaSSY transcriptional regulators. Sal6G03620 was annotated as the transcription factor MYB36-like, and Sal8G07920 was annotated as the small heat shock protein HSP20 in sandalwood. Sal1G00910 was annotated as a hypothetical protein of sandalwood. Sal4G10880 was annotated as a homeobox-leucine zipper protein (ATHB-15) in sandalwood. In this study, a cDNA library of sandalwood was successfully constructed using a yeast one-hybrid technique, and the transcription factors that might interact with SaSSY gene promoters were screened. This study provides a foundation for exploring the molecular regulatory mechanism involved in the formation of sandalwood heartwood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqing Zhou
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Dongli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Zequn Yu
- Shanghai Gardening-Landscaping Construction Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200333, China
| | - Yunshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Lipan Hu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Zhan Bian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Plant Conservation and Utilization in Southern China, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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Karimi MR, Jariani P, Yang JL, Naghavi MR. A comprehensive review of the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying gum and resin synthesis in Ferula species. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132168. [PMID: 38729496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Ferula spp. are plants that produce oleo-gum-resins (OGRs), which are plant exudates with various colors. These OGRs have various industrial applications in pharmacology, perfumery, and food. The main constituents of these OGRs are terpenoids, a diverse group of organic compounds with different structures and functions. The biosynthesis of OGRs in Ferula spp., particularly galbanum, holds considerable economic and ecological importance. However, the molecular and genetic underpinnings of this biosynthetic pathway remain largely enigmatic. This review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge on the biosynthesis of OGRs in Ferula spp., highlighting the major enzymes, genes, and pathways involved in the synthesis of different terpenoid classes, such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and triterpenes. It also examines the potential of using omics techniques, such as transcriptomics and metabolomics, and genome editing tools, such as CRISPR/Cas, to increase the yield and quality of Ferula OGRs, as well as to create novel bioactive compounds with enhanced properties. Moreover, this review addresses the current challenges and opportunities of applying gene editing in Ferula spp., and suggests some directions for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Karimi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parisa Jariani
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Jun-Li Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources, Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
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Jang H, Choi M, Jang KS. Comprehensive phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of Korean local cultivars of red chili pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1333035. [PMID: 38318498 PMCID: PMC10840139 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1333035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Red chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), which belongs to the Solanaceae family, contains a variety of phytochemicals with health-promoting properties including capsaicinoids, phenolics and fatty acids. Red chili pepper is one of the most consumed vegetables in Korea and occupies the largest cultivated area among spices. In this study, the ethanolic extracts from two Korean local cultivars, namely Subicho and Eumseong, were analyzed using a hybrid trapped ion mobility Q-TOF mass spectrometer equipped with a UPLC system, and their phytochemical profiles were then compared with those of a common phytophthora disease-resistant cultivar called Dokbulwang, which is extensively used for red chili pepper powder in public spaces across Korea. Utilizing high-resolution ion-mobility Q-TOF MS analysis, 458 and 192 compounds were identified from the three different red chili peppers in positive and negative ion modes, respectively, by matching with a reference spectral library. Principal component analysis revealed clear distinctions among the three cultivars, allowing us to identify key phytochemical components responsible for discriminating the local cultivars from the public cultivar. Furthermore, the assessment of total flavonoid, phenolic, and antioxidant activity in the red pepper extracts, highlighted their diverse molecular and chemical profiles. Despite the higher total flavonoid and phenolic content values observed in the public cultivar, the radical scavenging rate was higher in the local cultivars, particularly in Subicho. This suggest the presence of stronger antioxidant compounds in the local cultivar, indicating their potential health benefits due to their rich content of bioactive compounds. Notably, the local cultivars exhibited significantly higher proportions of organic compounds (more than four times) and terpenoids (more than two times) compared to the public cultivar. Specifically, higher levels of five major capsaicinoid compounds were found in the local cultivars when compared to the public cultivar. The observed disparities in phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities indicate the molecular diversity present among these cultivars. Further exploration of the bioactive compounds in these local cultivars could prove invaluable for the development of native crops, potentially leading to the discovery of novel sources of bioactive molecules for various applications in health and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemi Jang
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mira Choi
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Chen F, Huang P, Wang J, Wu W, Lin YW, Hu JF, Liu XG. Specific volatiles of tea plants determine the host preference behavior of Empoasca onukii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1239237. [PMID: 37719207 PMCID: PMC10501839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1239237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Empoasca onukii is a major pest that attacks tea plants. To seek effective and sustainable methods to control the pest, it is necessary to assess its host preference among different species of tea and understand the critical factors behind this behavior. In this study, the behavioral preference of E. onukii for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of three potted tea species was evaluated. The VOCs released by the three tea species were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the major components were used to test the pest's preference. Transcriptome analysis was used to infer the key genes that affect the biosyntheses of the VOCs. The results showed that the tendency of E. onukii toward the VOCs of the three tea species was the strongest in green tea, followed by white tea, and the weakest in red tea. This behavioral preference was significantly and positively correlated with the relative levels of hexanol, linalool, and geraniol in tea volatiles. Relative hexanol was significantly and positively correlated with the expression of genes TEA009423 (LOX2.1), TEA009596 (LOX1.5), TEA008699 (HPL), TEA018669 (CYPADH), and TEA015686 (ADHIII). Relative linalool was significantly and positively correlated with the expression of genes TEA001435 (CAD) and Camellia_sinensis_newGene_22126 (TPS). Relative geraniol was significantly and positively correlated with the expression of genes TEA001435 (CAD), TEA002658 (CYP76B6), TEA025455 (CYP76T24), and Camellia_sinensis_newGene_22126 (TPS). The above findings suggested that three volatiles (hexanol, linalool, and geraniol) determined the behavioral preference of E. onukii toward tea plants, and their biosynthesis was mainly affected by nine genes (TEA009423, TEA009596, TEA008699, TEA018669, TEA015686, TEA001435, TEA002658, TEA025455, and Camellia_sinensis_newGene_22126).
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests/ Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests/ Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests/ Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests/ Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong-Wen Lin
- College of Food Engineering, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests/ Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin-Gang Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Zou J, Li J, Kong F, Xu L, Xu D, Li J, Yang H, Zhang L, Li T, Fan H. Identification and functional analysis of ZmDLS associated with the response to biotic stress in maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1162826. [PMID: 37546249 PMCID: PMC10399692 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1162826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Terpenes are the main class of secondary metabolites produced in response to pest and germ attacks. In maize (Zea mays L.), they are the essential components of the herbivore-induced plant volatile mixture, which functioned as a direct or indirect defense against pest and germ attacks. In this study, 43 maize terpene synthase gene (ZmTPS) family members were systematically identified and analyzed through the whole genomes of maize. Nine genes, including Zm00001d032230, Zm00001d045054, Zm00001d024486, Zm00001d004279, Zm00001d002351, Zm00001d002350, Zm00001d053916, Zm00001d015053, and Zm00001d015054, were isolated for their differential expression pattern in leaves after corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) bite. Additionally, six genes (Zm00001d045054, Zm00001d024486, Zm00001d002351, Zm00001d002350, Zm00001d015053, and Zm00001d015054) were significantly upregulated in response to corn borer bite. Among them, Zm00001d045054 was cloned. Heterologous expression and enzyme activity assays revealed that Zm00001d045054 functioned as d-limonene synthase. It was renamed ZmDLS. Further analysis demonstrated that its expression was upregulated in response to corn borer bites and Fusarium graminearum attacks. The mutant of ZmDLS downregulated the expressions of Zm00001d024486, Zm00001d002351, Zm00001d002350, Zm00001d015053, and Zm00001d015054. It was more attractive to corn borer bites and more susceptible to F. graminearum infection. The yeast one-hybrid assay and dual-luciferase assay showed that ZmMYB76 and ZmMYB101 could upregulate the expression of ZmDLS by binding to the promoter region. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the functional analysis and transcriptional regulation of terpene synthase genes in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Wang
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Zou
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiali Li
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Fanna Kong
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Dafeng Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Huaying Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Tingchun Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Honghong Fan
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Wei J, Yang Y, Peng Y, Wang S, Zhang J, Liu X, Liu J, Wen B, Li M. Biosynthesis and the Transcriptional Regulation of Terpenoids in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086937. [PMID: 37108101 PMCID: PMC10138656 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes, especially volatile terpenes, are important components of tea aroma due to their unique scents. They are also widely used in the cosmetic and medical industries. In addition, terpene emission can be induced by herbivory, wounding, light, low temperature, and other stress conditions, leading to plant defense responses and plant-plant interactions. The transcriptional levels of important core genes (including HMGR, DXS, and TPS) involved in terpenoid biosynthesis are up- or downregulated by the MYB, MYC, NAC, ERF, WRKY, and bHLH transcription factors. These regulators can bind to corresponding cis-elements in the promoter regions of the corresponding genes, and some of them interact with other transcription factors to form a complex. Recently, several key terpene synthesis genes and important transcription factors involved in terpene biosynthesis have been isolated and functionally identified from tea plants. In this work, we focus on the research progress on the transcriptional regulation of terpenes in tea plants (Camellia sinensis) and thoroughly detail the biosynthesis of terpene compounds, the terpene biosynthesis-related genes, the transcription factors involved in terpene biosynthesis, and their importance. Furthermore, we review the potential strategies used in studying the specific transcriptional regulation functions of candidate transcription factors that have been discriminated to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Wei
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yun Yang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ye Peng
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shaoying Wang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Beibei Wen
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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SMRT and Illumina sequencing provide insights into mechanisms of lignin and terpenoids biosynthesis in Pinus massoniana Lamb. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123267. [PMID: 36657535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Wood and oleoresin are important industrial raw materials with high economic value; however, their molecular formation and biosynthesis mechanisms in different tissues of Pinus massoniana remain unexplored. Therefore, we used single-molecule real-time sequencing technology (SMRT) and Illumina RNA sequencing to establish a transcriptome dataset and explore the expression pattern of genes related to secondary metabolites involved in wood formation and oleoresin biosynthesis in six different P. massoniana tissues. In total, 63.58 Gb of polymerase reads were obtained, including 41,407 isoforms with an average length of 1822 bp. We identified 3939 and 8785 isoforms and 161 and 481 transcription factors with tissue expression specificity and in the reproductive and vegetative organs, respectively. Eighty isoforms were annotated as cellulose synthases and 224 isoforms involved in lignin biosynthesis were enriched. Additionally, we identified 217 isoforms involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway, with needles having the most tissue-specific genes for terpenoid biosynthesis. Some isoforms related to lignin biosynthesis were highly expressed in the xylem, according to the results of transcriptome sequencing and real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Our research confirmed the advantages of SMRT sequencing and provided valuable information for the transcriptional annotation of P. massoniana, which will be beneficial for producing better raw wood and oleoresin materials.
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Li Y, Gao Y, Deng L, Lian H, Guo W, Wu W, Xue B, Li B, Su Y, Zhang H. Volatile Profiling and Transcriptome Sequencing Provide Insights into the Biosynthesis of α-Pinene and β-Pinene in Liquidambar formosana Hance Leaves. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:163. [PMID: 36672904 PMCID: PMC9858688 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquidambar formosana Hance is a pinene-rich deciduous plant species in the Altingiaceae family that is used as a medicinal plant in China. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying α-pinene and β-pinene biosynthesis in L. formosana leaves remain unknown. Here, a joint analysis of the volatile compounds and transcriptomes of L. formosana leaves was performed to comprehensively explore the terpene synthase (TPS) that may participate in α-pinene and β-pinene biosynthesis. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) jointly detected volatile L. formosana leaves. Trees with high and low levels of both α-pinene and β-pinene were defined as the H group and L group, respectively. RNA sequencing data revealed that DXR (1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase), HDS [(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-eny-l-diphosphate synthase], and TPS may be the major regulators of monoterpenoid biosynthesis. We identified three TPSs (LfTPS1, LfTPS2, and LfTPS3), which are highly homologous to α-pinene and β-pinene synthases of other species in phylogenetic analysis. Four TPS genes (LfTPS1, LfTPS2, LfTPS4, LfTPS5) may be critically involved in the biosynthesis and regulation of α-pinene and β-pinene in L. formosana. Bioinformatic and transcriptomic results were verified using quantitative real-time PCR. We identified LfTPS1, LfTPS2 as candidate genes for α-pinene and β-pinene biosynthesis that significantly improve the yield of beneficial terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Li
- Department of Scarce and Quality Economic Forest Engineering Technology Research Center (2022GCZX002), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
| | - Yanfang Gao
- Department of Scarce and Quality Economic Forest Engineering Technology Research Center (2022GCZX002), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
- Bijie Institute of Forestry Science, Bijie 551700, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Scarce and Quality Economic Forest Engineering Technology Research Center (2022GCZX002), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
| | - Huiming Lian
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Scarce and Quality Economic Forest Engineering Technology Research Center (2022GCZX002), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Scarce and Quality Economic Forest Engineering Technology Research Center (2022GCZX002), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
| | - Bine Xue
- Department of Scarce and Quality Economic Forest Engineering Technology Research Center (2022GCZX002), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
| | - Baobin Li
- Dongjiang Forest Farm, Heyuan 517000, China
| | - Yuzhen Su
- Guangdong Lingnanyuan Exploration and Design Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Scarce and Quality Economic Forest Engineering Technology Research Center (2022GCZX002), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
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Feng M, Li C, Wang C, Zhu G, Lu J, Chen Y, Xiao D, Guo X. Determination of terpenoids in Baijiu using solid-phase extraction combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2143523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minxue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Lab, College of Biotechnology of Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Lab, College of Biotechnology of Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wuliangye-flavor Liquor Solid-state Fermentation, China National Light Industry, Yibin, China
| | - Guojun Zhu
- Guizhou Zhenjiu Brewing Co., Ltd, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Guizhou Guotai Distillery Co., Ltd, Renhuai, Guizhou, China
| | - Yefu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Lab, College of Biotechnology of Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongguang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Lab, College of Biotechnology of Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuewu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Lab, College of Biotechnology of Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Šikuten I, Štambuk P, Tomaz I, Marchal C, Kontić JK, Lacombe T, Maletić E, Preiner D. Discrimination of genetic and geographical groups of grape varieties ( Vitis vinifera L.) based on their volatile organic compounds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:942148. [PMID: 36340348 PMCID: PMC9634546 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.942148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grape volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in the winemaking industry due to their contribution to wine sensory characteristics. Another important role in the winemaking industry have the grapevine varieties used in specific regions or countries for wine production. Due to the high variability of grapevine germplasm, grapevine varieties are as classified based on their genetic and geographical origin into genetic-geographic groups (GEN-GEO). The aim of this research was to investigate VOCs in 50 red grapevine varieties belonging to different GEN-GEO groups. The study included varieties from groups C2 (Italy and France), C7 (Croatia), and C8 (Spain and Portugal). The analysis of VOCs was performed by SPME-Arrow-GC/MS directly from grape skins. The analyzed VOCs included aldehydes, ketones, acids, alcohols, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. The most abundant VOCs were aldehydes and alcohols, while the most numerous were sesquiterpenes. The most abundant compounds, aldehydes and alcohols, were found to be (E)-2-hexenal, hexenal, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, and 1-hexanol. Using discriminant analysis, the GEN-GEO groups were separated based on their volatile profile. Some of the individual compounds contributing to the discrimination were found in relatively small amounts, such as benzoic acid, (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal, 4-pentenal, and nonanoic acid. The groups were also discriminated by their overall volatile profile: group C2 was characterized by a higher content of aldehydes and alcohols, and group C8 was characterized by a higher content of sesquiterpenes and acids. Group C7 was characterized by all low amount of all classes of VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Šikuten
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Štambuk
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Tomaz
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Cecile Marchal
- Grapevine Biological Resources Center, INRAE, Unité Experimental Domaine de Vassal, University of Montpellier, Marseillan, France
| | - Jasminka Karoglan Kontić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Thierry Lacombe
- AGAP, University of Montpellier CIRAD, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Edi Maletić
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darko Preiner
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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12
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Dhyani P, Sati P, Sharma E, Attri DC, Bahukhandi A, Tynybekov B, Szopa A, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D, Suleria HAR, Cho WC. Sesquiterpenoid lactones as potential anti-cancer agents: an update on molecular mechanisms and recent studies. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:305. [PMID: 36207736 PMCID: PMC9540722 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02721-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants-based natural compounds are well-identified and recognized chemoprotective agents that can be used for primary and secondary cancer prevention, as they have proven efficacy and fewer side effects. In today's scenario, when cancer cases rapidly increase in developed and developing countries, the anti-cancerous plant-based compounds become highly imperative. Among others, the Asteraceae (Compositae) family's plants are rich in sesquiterpenoid lactones, a subclass of terpenoids with wide structural diversity, and offer unique anti-cancerous effects. These plants are utilized in folk medicine against numerous diseases worldwide. However, these plants are now a part of the modern medical system, with their sesquiterpenoid lactones researched extensively to find more effective and efficient cancer drug regimens. Given the evolving importance of sesquiterpenoid lactones for cancer research, this review comprehensively covers different domains in a spectrum of sesquiterpenoid lactones viz (i) Guaianolides (ii) Pseudoguaianolide (iii) Eudesmanolide (iv) Melampodinin A and (v) Germacrene, from important plants such as Cynara scolymus (globe artichoke), Arnica montana (wolf weeds), Spilanthes acmella, Taraxacum officinale, Melampodium, Solidago spp. The review, therefore, envisages being a helpful resource for the growth of plant-based anti-cancerous drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Dhyani
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Priyanka Sati
- Graphic Era University, Dehradun, 248 001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Eshita Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143 005, Punjab, India
| | - Dharam Chand Attri
- High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre (HAPPRC), HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, 246 174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Bahukhandi
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bekzat Tynybekov
- Department of Biodiversity of Bioresources, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Agnieszka Szopa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
| | - Hafiz A R Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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REN J, WU Y, ZHU Z, CHEN R, ZHANG L. Biosynthesis and regulation of diterpenoids in medicinal plants. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:761-772. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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14
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Shi M, Huang Q, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhu R, Zhang S, Kai G. Genome-wide survey of the GATA gene family in camptothecin-producing plant Ophiorrhiza pumila. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:256. [PMID: 35366818 PMCID: PMC8977026 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ophiorrhiza pumila (Rubiaceae) is capable of producing camptothecin (CPT), one monoterpene indole alkaloid extensively employed in the treatment of multiple cancers. Transcription factors (TFs) GATA are a group of transcription regulators involved in plant development and metabolism, and show the feature of binding to the GATA motif within the promoters of target genes. However, GATA TFs have not been characterized in O. pumila. Result In this study, a total of 18 GATA genes classified into four subfamilies were identified, which randomly distributed on 11 chromosomes of O. pumila. Synteny analysis of GATA genes between O. pumila and other plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, Glycine max, Solanum lycopersicum, Vitis vinifera, and Catharanthus roseus genomes were analyzed. Tissue expression pattern revealed that OpGATA1 and OpGATA18 were found to be correlated with ASA, MK, CPR and GPPS, which were highly expressed in leaves. OpGATA7, showed high expression in roots as most of the CPT biosynthetic pathway genes did, suggesting that these OpGATAs may be potential candidates regulating CPT biosynthesis in O. pumila. Conclusions In this study, we systematically analyzed the OpGATA TFs, and provided insights into the involvement of OpGATA TFs from O. pumila in CPT biosynthesis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08484-x.
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Cao X, Xu L, Wang J, Dong M, Xu C, Kai G, Wan W, Jiang J. Endophytic fungus Pseudodidymocyrtis lobariellae KL27 promotes taxol biosynthesis and accumulation in Taxus chinensis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:12. [PMID: 34979929 PMCID: PMC8722197 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03396-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taxol from Taxus species is a precious drug used for the treatment of cancer and can effectively inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. However, the growth of Taxus plants is very slow and the content of taxol is quite low. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the yield of taxol by modern biotechnology without destroying the wild forest resources. Endophytic fungus which symbiosis with their host plants can promote the growth and secondary metabolism of medicinal plants. RESULTS Here, an endophytic fungus KL27 was isolated from T. chinensis, and identified as Pseudodidymocyrtis lobariellae. The fermentation broth of KL27 (KL27-FB) could significantly promote the accumulation of taxol in needles of T. chinensis, reaching 0.361 ± 0.082 mg/g·DW (dry weight) at 7 days after KL27-FB treatment, which is 3.26-fold increase as compared to the control. The RNA-seq and qRT-PCR showed that KL27-FB could significantly increase the expression of key genes involved in the upstream pathway of terpene synthesis (such as DXS and DXR) and those in the taxol biosynthesis pathway (such as GGPPS, TS, T5OH, TAT, T10OH, T14OH, T2OH, TBT, DBAT and PAM), especially at the early stage of the stimulation. Moreover, the activation of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and JA signal transduction, and its crosstalk with other hormones, such as gibberellin acid (GA), ethylene (ET) and salicylic acid (SA), explained the elevation of most of the differential expressed genes related to taxol biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, TF (transcriptional factor)-encoding genes, including MYBs, ethylene-responsive transcription factors (ERFs) and basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH), were detected as differential expressed genes after KL27-FB treatment, further suggested that the regulation of hormone signaling on genes of taxol biosynthesis was mediated by TFs. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that fermentation broth of endophytic fungus KL27-FB could effectively enhance the accumulation of taxol in T. chinensis needles by regulating the phytohormone metabolism and signal transduction and further up-regulating the expression of multiple key genes involved in taxol biosynthesis. This study provides new insight into the regulatory mechanism of how endophytic fungus promotes the production and accumulation of taxol in Taxus sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Cao
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxia Xu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Dong
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Wan
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jihong Jiang
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China.
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Ali M, Alshehri D, Alkhaibari AM, Elhalem NA, Darwish DBE. Cloning and Characterization of 1,8-Cineole Synthase ( SgCINS) Gene From the Leaves of Salvia guaranitica Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:869432. [PMID: 35498676 PMCID: PMC9051517 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.869432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes are one of the most common groups belonging to the terpenoid family, with a C10 structure comprising of two isoprene units. Most of monoterpenes are volatile plant compounds, and they act as signaling molecules between plants and the environment, particularly as defensive compounds against herbivores and pathogens. In this study, 1,8-cineole synthase (SgCINS) gene was identified and cloned from the leaves of Salvia guaranitica plant. To examine the role of SgCINS in insect resistance, we transformed and expressed this gene into tobacco leaves. The metabolic analysis revealed that the production of various types and amount of terpenoid was increased and decreased in SgCINS overexpression and control lines, respectively, suggesting that overexpressing SgCINS in transgenic tobacco plants lead to an increase in the production of various types of terpenoids and other phytochemical compounds. These results indicated why transgenic tobacco was highly resistant against cotton worm than the highly susceptible control plants. Our results demonstrate that the SgCINS gene can play an important role in plants against cotton worm insect attack, and pave the way for using terpenoids genes for improving resistance to insect attack in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali
- Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, North Sinai Research Station, Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Ali, , , orcid.org/0000-0001-9232-1781
| | - Dikhnah Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Naeema A. Elhalem
- Egyptian Deserts Gene Bank, North Sinai Research Station, Department of Genetic Resources, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Gangaram S, Naidoo Y, Dewir YH, El-Hendawy S. Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Barleria (Acanthaceae). PLANTS 2021; 11:plants11010082. [PMID: 35009086 PMCID: PMC8747396 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Plant species belonging to the family Acanthaceae are globally known to possess various medicinal properties and have cultural and economic importance in both traditional medicine and horticulture. They are important to both animals and humans and are used as food or for ornamental purposes worldwide. Barleria is the third largest genus in the family Acanthaceae. A few of the highly important and reported species of Barleria include B. prionitis, B. cristata, B. grandiflora, and B. lupulina. The flowers, leaves, stems, roots, and seed extracts of plants belonging to this genus are rich in bioactive compounds and have exhibited significant medicinal potential for the treatment of various ailments and infections. Evidence derived from several studies has demonstrated the antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antiamoebic, antihelminthic, antiarthritic, antihypertensive, antiviral properties and toxicity of extracts, in addition inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity and biosynthesis of nanoparticles, of the plant and seed extracts of species belonging to Barleria. Studies have reported that bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, quinones, iridoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, the immunostimulant protein “Sankaranin”, and antibiotics isolated from Barleria species are resposnsible for the above biological activities. Traditionally, the genus Barleria has significant medicinal potential; however, there is a scarcity of information on various species that are yet to be evaluated. This review provides a comprehensive report on existing literature, concerning the phytochemistry and biological activities of the genus Barleria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serisha Gangaram
- School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.G.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yougasphree Naidoo
- School of Life Sciences, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa; (S.G.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yaser Hassan Dewir
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
- Correspondence: author:
| | - Salah El-Hendawy
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Santin M, Ranieri A, Castagna A. Anything New under the Sun? An Update on Modulation of Bioactive Compounds by Different Wavelengths in Agricultural Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1485. [PMID: 34371687 PMCID: PMC8309429 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plants continuously rely on light as an energy source and as the driver of many processes in their lifetimes. The ability to perceive different light radiations involves several photoreceptors, which in turn activate complex signalling cascades that ultimately lead to a rearrangement in plant metabolism as an adaptation strategy towards specific light conditions. This review, after a brief summary of the structure and mode of action of the different photoreceptors, introduces the main classes of secondary metabolites and specifically focuses on the influence played by the different wavelengths on the content of these compounds in agricultural plants, because of their recognised roles as nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Santin
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Annamaria Ranieri
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (A.R.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Castagna
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, I-56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (A.R.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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Gao JX, Chen YG, Li DS, Lin L, Liu Y, Li SH. Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Squalene Synthase from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100342. [PMID: 34148286 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand. - Mazz. is a precious traditional Chinese medicine, and steroidal saponins are its major bioactive constituents possessing extensive biological activities. Squalene synthase (SQS) catalyzes the first dedicated step converting two molecular of farnesyl diphosphate (FDP) into squalene, a key intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway of steroidal saponins. In this study, a squalene synthase gene (PpSQS1) was cloned and functionally characterized from P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, representing the first identified SQS from the genus Paris. The open reading frame of PpSQS1 is 1239 bp, which encodes a protein of 412 amino acids showing high similarity to those of other plant SQSs. Expression of PpSQS1 in Escherichia coli resulted in production of soluble recombinant proteins. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the purified recombinant PpSQS1 protein could produce squalene using FDP as a substrate in the in vitro enzymatic assay. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that PpSQS1 was highly expressed in rhizomes, consistent with the dominant accumulation of steroidal saponins there, suggesting that PpSQS1 is likely involved in the biosynthesis of steroidal saponins in the plant. The findings lay a foundation for further investigation on the biosynthesis and regulation of steroidal saponins, and also provide an alternative gene for manipulation of steroid production using synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xiong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Gui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - De-Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liang Lin
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
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Profiling of Volatile Compounds and Associated Gene Expression in Two Anthurium Cultivars and Their F1 Hybrid Progenies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 26:molecules26102902. [PMID: 34068329 PMCID: PMC8153298 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anthurium is an important ornamental crop in the world market and its floral scent can enhance its ornamental value. To date, studies of the components and formation mechanism of the floral scent of Anthurium are relatively few. In this study, the scent profiles of two Anthurium varieties were measured by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). There were 32 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified in Anthurium ‘Mystral’, and the most abundant compound was eucalyptol (57.5%). Extremely small amounts of VOCs were detected in Anthurium ‘Alabama’. Compared with A. ‘Alabama’, most genes related to floral scent synthesis exhibited a higher expression in A.‘Mystral’, including AaDXS, AaDXR, AaMDS, AaHDS, AaTPS, AaDAHPS, AaADT2, AaPAL1, and AaPAL2. In order to produce new varieties of Anthurium with fragrance, 454 progenies of two crossbred combinations of A. ‘Mystral’ and A. ‘Alabama’ were obtained. Four F1 generation plants with different floral scent intensities were selected for further study. The major components of floral scent in the progenies were similar to that of the parental A.‘Mystral’ plant. The expression patterns of genes related to floral scent synthesis were consistent with the relative contents of different types of VOCs. This study revealed the profiles of volatile compounds and associated gene expression in two Anthurium cultivars and their F1 hybrids, which provided a basis for the floral scent inheritance of Anthurium andraeanum.
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Boncan DAT, Tsang SS, Li C, Lee IH, Lam HM, Chan TF, Hui JH. Terpenes and Terpenoids in Plants: Interactions with Environment and Insects. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7382. [PMID: 33036280 PMCID: PMC7583029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions of plants with environment and insects are bi-directional and dynamic. Consequently, a myriad of mechanisms has evolved to engage organisms in different types of interactions. These interactions can be mediated by allelochemicals known as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) which include volatile terpenes (VTs). The emission of VTs provides a way for plants to communicate with the environment, including neighboring plants, beneficiaries (e.g., pollinators, seed dispersers), predators, parasitoids, and herbivores, by sending enticing or deterring signals. Understanding terpenoid distribution, biogenesis, and function provides an opportunity for the design and implementation of effective and efficient environmental calamity and pest management strategies. This review provides an overview of plant-environment and plant-insect interactions in the context of terpenes and terpenoids as important chemical mediators of these abiotic and biotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delbert Almerick T. Boncan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong;
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Stacey S.K. Tsang
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; (S.S.K.T.); (C.L.); (I.H.T.L.)
| | - Chade Li
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; (S.S.K.T.); (C.L.); (I.H.T.L.)
| | - Ivy H.T. Lee
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; (S.S.K.T.); (C.L.); (I.H.T.L.)
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong;
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong;
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jerome H.L. Hui
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong;
- Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; (S.S.K.T.); (C.L.); (I.H.T.L.)
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Cloning, functional characterization and expression analysis of LoTPS5 from Lilium 'Siberia'. Gene 2020; 756:144921. [PMID: 32593719 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lilium 'Siberia' is a perennial herbaceous plant that is commercially significant because of its snowy white floral color and appealing scent which is mainly due to the presence of monoterpenes and benzoids compounds in floral volatile profile. In the current study, LoTPS5 was cloned and functionally characterized. Results revealed that LoTPS5 specifically generates squalene from FPP, whereas no product was produced when it was incubated with GPP or GGPP. The subcellular localization experiment showed that LoTPS5 was located in plastids. Furthermore, LoTPS5 showed its high expression in the leaf followed by petals and sepals of the flower. Moreover, the expression of LoTPS5 gradually increased from the bud stage and peak at the full-bloom stage. Besides, LoTPS5 showed a diurnal circadian rhythmic pattern with a peak in the afternoon (16:00) followed by deep night (24:00) and morning (8:00), respectively. LoTPS5 is highly responsive to mechanical wounding by rapidly elevating its mRNA transcript level. The current study will provide significant information for future studies of terpenoid and squalene biosynthesis in Lilium 'Siberia'.
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Abbas F, Ke Y, Zhou Y, Ashraf U, Li X, Yu Y, Yue Y, Ahmad KW, Yu R, Fan Y. Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of LoTPS2 and LoTPS4 involved in floral scent formation in oriental hybrid Lilium variety 'Siberia'. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 173:112294. [PMID: 32058861 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lilies are a commercially significant cut flower worldwide due not only to their elegant shape but also to their appealing scent. Among Lilium varieties, Lilium 'Siberia' is a cultivar that is prominent and highly favored by consumers due to its snowy white color and strong floral scent. Here, two terpene synthase genes (LoTPS2 and LoTPS4) that are responsible for floral scent production in Lilium 'Siberia' were cloned and functionally characterized. Recombinant LoTPS2 specifically catalyzed the formation of (E, E)-α-farnesene from FPP. Recombinant LoTPS4 is a multiproduct enzyme that produces D-limonene and β-myrcene as major volatile compounds and β-phellandrene, (+)-4-carene and 3-carene as minor products from GPP. Furthermore, LoTPS4 generates trans-α-bergamotene as a major product and di-epi-α-cedrene, α-cubebene and (E)-β-farnesene as minor compounds from FPP. Subcellular localization analysis using GFP fusion constructs revealed that LoTPS2 was localized in the cytosol, whereas LoTPS4 was localized in plastids. Real-time PCR analysis showed that LoTPS2 was highly expressed in the petals and sepals of the flower, while LoTPS4 was highly expressed in the filament of the flower. Moreover, mechanical wounding of flowers revealed that LoTPS2 showed a strong response to wounding via a rapid increase in its mRNA transcript level. Our results will assist scientists in exploring the molecular mechanisms of terpene biosynthesis in this species and will provide new insight into the biotechnological modification of the floral bouquet in Lilium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abbas
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanguo Ke
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Umair Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Xinyue Li
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yunyi Yu
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuechong Yue
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Kanwar Waqas Ahmad
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rangcai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yanping Fan
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Wei H, Movahedi A, Xu C, Sun W, Li L, Wang P, Li D, Zhuge Q. Overexpression of PtHMGR enhances drought and salt tolerance of poplar. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:785-803. [PMID: 31574532 PMCID: PMC7182595 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Soil salinization and aridification are swiftly engulfing the limited land resources on which humans depend, restricting agricultural production. Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) is important in the biosynthesis of terpenoids, which are involved in plant growth, development and responses to environmental stresses. This study aimed to provide guidance for producing salt- and drought-resistant poplar. METHODS A protein expression system was used to obtain PtHMGR protein, and high-performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the activity of PtHMGR protein in vitro. In addition, a simplified version of the leaf infection method was used for transformation of 'Nanlin895' poplar (Populus×euramericana). qRT-PCR was used to identify expression levels of genes. KEY RESULTS PtHMGR catalysed a reaction involving HMG-CoA and NADPH to form mevalonate. Overexpression of PtHMGR in Populus × euramericana 'Nanlin895' improved drought and salinity tolerance. In the presence of NaCl and PEG6000, the rates of rooting and survival of PtHMGR-overexpressing poplars were higher than those of wild-type poplars. The transgenic lines also exhibited higher proline content and peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, and a lower malondialdehyde level under osmotic stress. In addition, the expression of genes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and formation was altered by osmotic stress. Moreover, the effect of osmotic stress on transcript levels of stress-related genes differed between the transgenic and wild-type poplars. CONCLUSION PtHMGR catalysed a reaction involving HMG-CoA and NADPH to form mevalonate in vitro. Overexpression of PtHMGR promoted root development, increased the expression of ROS scavenging-related genes, decreased the expression of ROS formation-related genes, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes in transgenic poplars, enhancing their tolerance of osmotic stress. In addition, overexpression of PtHMGR increased expression of the stress-related genes KIN1, COR15 and AAO3 and decreased that of ABI, MYB, MYC2 and RD22, enhancing the stress resistance of poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ali Movahedi
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Construction Laboratory of Special Biomass Resource Utilization, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weibo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Zhuge
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Li Z, Howell K, Fang Z, Zhang P. Sesquiterpenes in grapes and wines: Occurrence, biosynthesis, functionality, and influence of winemaking processes. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 19:247-281. [PMID: 33319521 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Grapes are an important global horticultural product, and are mainly used for winemaking. Typically, grapes and wines are rich in various phytochemicals, including phenolics, terpenes, pyrazines, and benzenoids, with different compounds responsible for different nutritional and sensory properties. Among these compounds, sesquiterpenes, a subcategory of the terpenes, are attracting increasing interest as they affect aroma and have potential health benefits. The characteristics of sesquiterpenes in grapes and wines in terms of classification, biosynthesis pathway, and active functions have not been extensively reviewed. This paper summarizes 97 different sesquiterpenes reported in grapes and wines and reviews their biosynthesis pathways and relevant bio-regulation mechanisms. This review further discusses the functionalities of these sesquiterpenes including their aroma contribution to grapes and wines and potential health benefits, as well as how winemaking processes affect sesquiterpene concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhan Li
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Howell
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Louveau T, Osbourn A. The Sweet Side of Plant-Specialized Metabolism. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a034744. [PMID: 31235546 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation plays a major role in the structural diversification of plant natural products. It influences the properties of molecules by modifying the reactivity and solubility of the corresponding aglycones, so influencing cellular localization and bioactivity. Glycosylation of plant natural products is usually carried out by uridine diphosphate(UDP)-dependent glycosyltransferases (UGTs) belonging to the carbohydrate-active enzyme glycosyltransferase 1 (GT1) family. These enzymes transfer sugars from UDP-activated sugar moieties to small hydrophobic acceptor molecules. Plant GT1s generally show high specificity for their sugar donors and recognize a single UDP sugar as their substrate. In contrast, they are generally promiscuous with regard to acceptors, making them attractive biotechnological tools for small molecule glycodiversification. Although microbial hosts have traditionally been used for heterologous engineering of plant-derived glycosides, transient plant expression technology offers a potentially disruptive platform for rapid characterization of new plant glycosyltransferases and biosynthesis of complex glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Louveau
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Osbourn
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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Drogosz J, Janecka A. Helenalin - A Sesquiterpene Lactone with Multidirectional Activity. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:444-452. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666181012125230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones, secondary metabolites of plants, present in a large number of species
mostly from the Asteracea family, are used in the traditional medicine of many countries for the
treatment of various pathological conditions. They exert a broad range of activities, including antiinflammatory,
anti-bacterial and anti-cancer properties. The best-known sesquiterpene lactones which
are already used as drugs or are used in clinical trials are artemisinin, thapsigargin and parthenolide.
Yet another sesquiterpene lactone, helenalin, an active component of Arnica montana, known for its
strong anti-inflammatory activity, has been used for centuries in folk medicine to treat minor injuries.
Unfortunately, helenalin’s ability to cause allergic reactions and its toxicity to healthy tissues prevented
so far the development of this sesquiterpene lactone as an anticancer or anti-inflammatory drug.
Recently, the new interest in the biological properties, as well as in the synthesis of helenalin analogs
has been observed. This review describes helenalin's major biological activities, molecular mechanisms
of action, its toxicity and potential for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Drogosz
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Abbas F, Ke Y, Yu R, Fan Y. Functional characterization and expression analysis of two terpene synthases involved in floral scent formation in Lilium 'Siberia'. PLANTA 2019; 249:71-93. [PMID: 30218384 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Floral scent formation in Lilium 'Siberia' is mainly due to monoterpene presence in the floral profile. LoTPS1 and LoTPS3 are responsible for the formation of (±)-linalool and β-ocimene in Lilium 'Siberia'. Lilium 'Siberia' is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to Liliaceae family, cultivated both as a cut flower and garden plant. The snowy white flower emits a pleasant aroma which is mainly caused by monoterpenes present in the floral volatile profile. Previously terpene synthase (TPS) genes have been isolated and characterized from various plant species but less have been identified from Liliaceae family. Here, two terpene synthase genes (LoTPS1 and LoTPS3), which are highly expressed in sepals and petals of Lilium 'Siberia' flower were functionally characterized recombinant LoTPS1 specifically catalyzes the formation of (Z)-β-ocimene and (±)-linalool as its main volatile compounds from geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP), whereas LoTPS3 is a promiscuous monoterpene synthase which utilizes both GPP and farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) as a substrate to generate (±)-linalool and cis-nerolidol, respectively. Transcript levels of both genes were prominent in flowering parts, especially in sepals and petals which are the main source of floral scent production. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the compounds were emitted throughout the day, prominently during the daytime and lower levels at night following a strong circadian rhythm in their emission pattern. Regarding mechanical wounding, both genes showed considerable involvement in floral defense by inducing the emission of (Z)-β-ocimene and (±)-linalool, elevating the transcript accumulation of LoTPS1 and LoTPS3. Furthermore, the subcellular localization experiment revealed that LoTPS1 was localized in plastids, whilst LoTPS3 in mitochondria. Our findings on these two TPSs characterized from Lilium 'Siberia' provide new insights into molecular mechanisms of terpene biosynthesis in this species and also provide an opportunity for biotechnological modification of floral scent profile of Lilium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abbas
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Yanguo Ke
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rangcai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yanping Fan
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Liu X, Wang X, Chen Z, Ye J, Liao Y, Zhang W, Chang J, Xu F. De novo assembly and comparative transcriptome analysis: novel insights into terpenoid biosynthesis in Chamaemelum nobile L. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:101-116. [PMID: 30430213 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of terpenoids content, transcriptome from Chamaemelum nobile showed that the content of the terpenoids in the roots was the highest and key genes involved in the terpenoids synthesis pathway were identified. Chamaemelum nobile is a widely used herbaceous medicinal plant rich in volatile oils, mainly composed of terpenoids. It is widely used in food, cosmetics, medicine, and other fields. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome and the content and chemical composition of the terpenoids in different organs of C. nobile. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that the total content of the terpenoids among C. nobile organs was highest in the roots, followed by the flowers. Illumina HiSeq 2500 high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the transcripts of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of C. nobile. We obtained 139,757 unigenes using the Trinity software assembly. A total of 887 unigenes were annotated to secondary metabolism. In total, 55,711 differentially expressed genes were screened among different organs of C. nobile. We identified 16 candidate genes that may be involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis from C. nobile and analyzed their expression patterns using real-time PCR. Results showed that the expression pattern of these genes was tissue-specific and had significant differential expression levels in different organs of C. nobile. Among these genes, 13 were expressed in roots with the highest levels. Furthermore, the transcript levels of these 13 genes were positively correlated with the content of α-pinene, β-phellandrene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, α-terpineol, carvacrol, (E,E)-farnesol and chamazulene, suggesting that these 13 genes may be involved in the regulation of the synthesis of the volatile terpenoids. These results laid the foundation for the subsequent improvement of C. nobile quality through genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Liu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Enshi Autonomous Prefecture Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Zexiong Chen
- Research Institute for Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Jiabao Ye
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Antitumor Drug, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
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Ryu M, Mishra RC, Jeon J, Lee SK, Bae H. Drought-induced susceptibility for Cenangium ferruginosum leads to progression of Cenangium-dieback disease in Pinus koraiensis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16368. [PMID: 30401938 PMCID: PMC6219526 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the occurrence of "Cenangium-dieback" has been frequent and devastating. Cenangium-dieback is caused by an endophytic fungus Cenangium ferruginosum in stressed pine trees. Progression of the disease in terms of molecular interaction between host and pathogen is not well studied and there is a need to develop preventive strategies. Thus, we simulated disease conditions and studied the associated transcriptomics, metabolomics, and hormonal changes. Pinus koraiensis seedlings inoculated with C. ferruginosum were analyzed both under drought and well-watered conditions. Transcriptomic analysis suggested decreased expression of defense-related genes in C. ferruginosum-infected seedlings experiencing water-deficit. Further, metabolomic analysis indicated a decrease in the key antimicrobial terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Hormonal analysis revealed a drought-induced accumulation of abscisic acid and a corresponding decline in the defense-associated jasmonic acid levels. Pathogen-associated changes were also studied by treating C. ferruginosum with metabolic extracts from pine seedlings (with and without drought) and polyethylene glycol to simulate the effects of direct drought. From RNA sequencing and metabolomic analysis it was determined that drought did not directly induce pathogenicity of C. ferruginosum. Collectively, we propose that drought weakens pine immunity, which facilitates increased C. ferruginosum growth and results in conversion of the endophyte into the phytopathogen causing dieback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Ryu
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ratnesh Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyun Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Keun Lee
- Division of Forest Insect Pests and Diseases, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Chen X, Chen H, Yuan JS, Köllner TG, Chen Y, Guo Y, Zhuang X, Chen X, Zhang Y, Fu J, Nebenführ A, Guo Z, Chen F. The rice terpene synthase gene OsTPS19 functions as an (S)-limonene synthase in planta, and its overexpression leads to enhanced resistance to the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1778-1787. [PMID: 29509987 PMCID: PMC6131416 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast disease, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is the most devastating disease of rice. In our ongoing characterization of the defence mechanisms of rice plants against M. oryzae, a terpene synthase gene OsTPS19 was identified as a candidate defence gene. Here, we report the functional characterization of OsTPS19, which is up-regulated by M. oryzae infection. Overexpression of OsTPS19 in rice plants enhanced resistance against M. oryzae, while OsTPS19 RNAi lines were more susceptible to the pathogen. Metabolic analysis revealed that the production of a monoterpene (S)-limonene was increased and decreased in OsTPS19 overexpression and RNAi lines, respectively, suggesting that OsTPS19 functions as a limonene synthase in planta. This notion was further supported by in vitro enzyme assays with recombinant OsTPS19, in which OsTPS19 had both sesquiterpene activity and monoterpene synthase activity, with limonene as a major product. Furthermore, in a subcellular localization experiment, OsTPS19 was localized in plastids. OsTPS19 has a highly homologous paralog, OsTPS20, which likely resulted from a recent gene duplication event. We found that the variation in OsTPS19 and OsTPS20 enzyme activities was determined by a single amino acid in the active site cavity. The expression of OsTPS20 was not affected by M. oryzae infection. This indicates functional divergence of OsTPS19 and OsTPS20. Lastly, (S)-limonene inhibited the germination of M. oryzae spores in vitro. OsTPS19 was determined to function as an (S)-limonene synthase in rice and plays a role in defence against M. oryzae, at least partly, by inhibiting spore germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant PathologyDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Joshua S. Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | | | - Yuying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant PathologyDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yufen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant PathologyDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaofeng Zhuang
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Xinlu Chen
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Yong‐jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect PestsInstitute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianyu Fu
- Tea Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Andreas Nebenführ
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular BiologyUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
| | - Zejian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant PathologyDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTNUSA
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Tussilagone Inhibits the Inflammatory Response and Improves Survival in CLP-Induced Septic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122744. [PMID: 29258263 PMCID: PMC5751343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tussilagone, extracted from Tussilago farfara is an oriental medicine used for asthma and bronchitis. We investigated its mechanism of action, its inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in macrophages, and its impact on viability in a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced mouse model of sepsis. Tussilagone suppressed the expression of the inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2, and the inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and peritoneal macrophages. Tussilagone also reduced the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) involved in the activation of various inflammatory mediators in activated macrophages. Moreover, tussilagone administration (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) produced decreased mortality and lung injury in CLP-activated septic mice. Augmented expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and TNF-α in pulmonary alveolar macrophages of septic mice were attenuated by tussilagone administration. Tussilagone also suppressed the induction of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, TNF-α and HMGB1 in the serum of the septic mice. Overall, tussilagone exhibited protective effects against inflammation and polymicrobial sepsis by suppressing inflammatory mediators possibly via the inhibition of NF-κB activation and the MAP kinase pathway. These results suggest the possible use of tussilagone for developing novel therapeutic modalities for sepsis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Abbas F, Ke Y, Yu R, Yue Y, Amanullah S, Jahangir MM, Fan Y. Volatile terpenoids: multiple functions, biosynthesis, modulation and manipulation by genetic engineering. PLANTA 2017; 246:803-816. [PMID: 28803364 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Terpenoids play several physiological and ecological functions in plant life through direct and indirect plant defenses and also in human society because of their enormous applications in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries. Through the aid of genetic engineering its role can by magnified to broad spectrum by improving genetic ability of crop plants, enhancing the aroma quality of fruits and flowers and the production of pharmaceutical terpenoids contents in medicinal plants. Terpenoids are structurally diverse and the most abundant plant secondary metabolites, playing an important role in plant life through direct and indirect plant defenses, by attracting pollinators and through different interactions between the plants and their environment. Terpenoids are also significant because of their enormous applications in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetics industries. Due to their broad distribution and functional versatility, efforts are being made to decode the biosynthetic pathways and comprehend the regulatory mechanisms of terpenoids. This review summarizes the recent advances in biosynthetic pathways, including the spatiotemporal, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss the multiple functions of the terpene synthase genes (TPS), their interaction with the surrounding environment and the use of genetic engineering for terpenoid production in model plants. Here, we also provide an overview of the significance of terpenoid metabolic engineering in crop protection, plant reproduction and plant metabolic engineering approaches for pharmaceutical terpenoids production and future scenarios in agriculture, which call for sustainable production platforms by improving different plant traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Abbas
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yanguo Ke
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Rangcai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Yuechong Yue
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Sikandar Amanullah
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | | | - Yanping Fan
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Sun W, Wang S, Zhao W, Wu C, Guo S, Gao H, Tao H, Lu J, Wang Y, Chen X. Chemical constituents and biological research on plants in the genus Curcuma. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1451-1523. [PMID: 27229295 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1176554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Curcuma, a valuable genus in the family Zingiberaceae, includes approximately 110 species. These plants are native to Southeast Asia and are extensively cultivated in India, China, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Peru, Australia, and the West Indies. The plants have long been used in folk medicine to treat stomach ailments, stimulate digestion, and protect the digestive organs, including the intestines, stomach, and liver. In recent years, substantial progress has been achieved in investigations regarding the chemical and pharmacological properties, as well as in clinical trials of certain Curcuma species. This review comprehensively summarizes the current knowledge on the chemistry and briefly discusses the biological activities of Curcuma species. A total of 720 compounds, including 102 diphenylalkanoids, 19 phenylpropene derivatives, 529 terpenoids, 15 flavonoids, 7 steroids, 3 alkaloids, and 44 compounds of other types isolated or identified from 32 species, have been phytochemically investigated. The biological activities of plant extracts and pure compounds are classified into 15 groups in detail, with emphasis on anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Sheng Wang
- b State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Chuanhong Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Shuhui Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Hongxun Tao
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Jinjian Lu
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Yitao Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
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Bosco A, Golsteyn RM. Emerging Anti-Mitotic Activities and Other Bioactivities of Sesquiterpene Compounds upon Human Cells. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030459. [PMID: 28335397 PMCID: PMC6155193 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the bio-activities of natural product sesquiterpenes and present the first description of their effects upon mitosis. This type of biological effect upon cells is unexpected because sesquiterpenes are believed to inactivate proteins through Michael-type additions that cause non-specific cytotoxicity. Yet, certain types of sesquiterpenes can arrest cells in mitosis as measured by cell biology, biochemical and imaging techniques. We have listed the sesquiterpenes that arrest cells in mitosis and analyzed the biological data that support those observations. In view of the biochemical complexity of mitosis, we propose that a subset of sesquiterpenes have a unique chemical structure that can target a precise protein(s) required for mitosis. Since the process of mitotic arrest precedes that of cell death, it is possible that some sesquiterpenes that are currently classified as cytotoxic might also induce a mitotic arrest. Our analysis provides a new perspective of sesquiterpene chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bosco
- Natural Product and Cancer Cell Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, 4401 University Dr, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - Roy M Golsteyn
- Natural Product and Cancer Cell Laboratories, Department of Biological Sciences, 4401 University Dr, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
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Wirngo FE, Lambert MN, Jeppesen PB. The Physiological Effects of Dandelion (Taraxacum Officinale) in Type 2 Diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud 2016; 13:113-131. [PMID: 28012278 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2016.13.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The tremendous rise in the economic burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has prompted a search for alternative and less expensive medicines. Dandelion offers a compelling profile of bioactive components with potential anti-diabetic properties. The Taraxacum genus from the Asteraceae family is found in the temperate zone of the Northern hemisphere. It is available in several areas around the world. In many countries, it is used as food and in some countries as therapeutics for the control and treatment of T2D. The anti-diabetic properties of dandelion are attributed to bioactive chemical components; these include chicoric acid, taraxasterol (TS), chlorogenic acid, and sesquiterpene lactones. Studies have outlined the useful pharmacological profile of dandelion for the treatment of an array of diseases, although little attention has been paid to the effects of its bioactive components on T2D to date. This review recapitulates previous work on dandelion and its potential for the treatment and prevention of T2D, highlighting its anti-diabetic properties, the structures of its chemical components, and their potential mechanisms of action in T2D. Although initial research appears promising, data on the cellular impact of dandelion are limited, necessitating further work on clonal β-cell lines (INS-1E), α-cell lines, and human skeletal cell lines for better identification of the active components that could be of use in the control and treatment of T2D. In fact, extensive in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical research is required to investigate further the pharmacological, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms underlying the effects of dandelion-derived compounds on T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fonyuy E Wirngo
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 C, Denmark
| | - Max N Lambert
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 C, Denmark
| | - Per B Jeppesen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 C, Denmark
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Arendt P, Pollier J, Callewaert N, Goossens A. Synthetic biology for production of natural and new-to-nature terpenoids in photosynthetic organisms. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 87:16-37. [PMID: 26867713 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With tens of thousands of characterized members, terpenoids constitute the largest class of natural compounds that are synthesized by all living organisms. Several terpenoids play primary roles in the maintenance of cell membrane fluidity, as pigments or as phytohormones, but most of them function as specialized metabolites that are involved in plant resistance to herbivores or plant-environment interactions. Terpenoids are an essential component of human nutrition, and many are economically important pharmaceuticals, aromatics and potential next-generation biofuels. Because of the often low abundance in their natural source, as well as the demand for novel terpenoid structures with new or improved bioactivities, terpenoid biosynthesis has become a prime target for metabolic engineering and synthetic biology projects. In this review we focus on the creation of new-to-nature or tailor-made plant-derived terpenoids in photosynthetic organisms, in particular by means of combinatorial biosynthesis and the activation of silent metabolism. We reflect on the characteristics of different potential photosynthetic host organisms and recent advances in synthetic biology and discuss their utility for the (heterologous) production of (novel) terpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Arendt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Gent, Belgium
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Ye W, Wu H, He X, Wang L, Zhang W, Li H, Fan Y, Tan G, Liu T, Gao X. Transcriptome Sequencing of Chemically Induced Aquilaria sinensis to Identify Genes Related to Agarwood Formation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155505. [PMID: 27182594 PMCID: PMC4868263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agarwood is a traditional Chinese medicine used as a clinical sedative, carminative, and antiemetic drug. Agarwood is formed in Aquilaria sinensis when A. sinensis trees are threatened by external physical, chemical injury or endophytic fungal irritation. However, the mechanism of agarwood formation via chemical induction remains unclear. In this study, we characterized the transcriptome of different parts of a chemically induced A. sinensis trunk sample with agarwood. The Illumina sequencing platform was used to identify the genes involved in agarwood formation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A five-year-old Aquilaria sinensis treated by formic acid was selected. The white wood part (B1 sample), the transition part between agarwood and white wood (W2 sample), the agarwood part (J3 sample), and the rotten wood part (F5 sample) were collected for transcriptome sequencing. Accordingly, 54,685,634 clean reads, which were assembled into 83,467 unigenes, were obtained with a Q20 value of 97.5%. A total of 50,565 unigenes were annotated using the Nr, Nt, SWISS-PROT, KEGG, COG, and GO databases. In particular, 171,331,352 unigenes were annotated by various pathways, including the sesquiterpenoid (ko00909) and plant-pathogen interaction (ko03040) pathways. These pathways were related to sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis and defensive responses to chemical stimulation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The transcriptome data of the different parts of the chemically induced A. sinensis trunk provide a rich source of materials for discovering and identifying the genes involved in sesquiterpenoid production and in defensive responses to chemical stimulation. This study is the first to use de novo sequencing and transcriptome assembly for different parts of chemically induced A. sinensis. Results demonstrate that the sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis pathway and WRKY transcription factor play important roles in agarwood formation via chemical induction. The comparative analysis of the transcriptome data of agarwood and A. sinensis lays the foundation for elucidating the mechanism of agarwood formation via chemical induction, and thus, enables future improvements in agarwood quality while protecting endangered wild A. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Hongqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xin He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- * E-mail: (WMZ); (XXG)
| | - Haohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yunfei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Guohui Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Taomei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiaoxia Gao
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- * E-mail: (WMZ); (XXG)
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Cheng S, Wang X, Xu F, Chen Q, Tao T, Lei J, Zhang W, Liao Y, Chang J, Li X. Cloning, Expression Profiling and Functional Analysis of CnHMGS, a Gene Encoding 3-hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Synthase from Chamaemelum nobile. Molecules 2016; 21:316. [PMID: 27005600 PMCID: PMC6274341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile L.) is renowned for its production of essential oils, which major components are sesquiterpenoids. As the important enzyme in the sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis pathway, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase (HMGS) catalyze the crucial step in the mevalonate pathway in plants. To isolate and identify the functional genes involved in the sesquiterpene biosynthesis of C. nobile L., a HMGS gene designated as CnHMGS (GenBank Accession No. KU529969) was cloned from C. nobile. The cDNA sequence of CnHMGS contained a 1377 bp open reading frame encoding a 458-amino-acid protein. The sequence of the CnHMGS protein was highly homologous to those of HMGS proteins from other plant species. Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that CnHMGS clustered with the HMGS of Asteraceae in the dicotyledon clade. Further functional complementation of CnHMGS in the mutant yeast strain YSC6274 lacking HMGS activity demonstrated that the cloned CnHMGS cDNA encodes a functional HMGS. Transcript profile analysis indicated that CnHMGS was preferentially expressed in flowers and roots of C. nobile. The expression of CnHMGS could be upregulated by exogenous elicitors, including methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid, suggesting that CnHMGS was elicitor-responsive. The characterization and expression analysis of CnHMGS is helpful to understand the biosynthesis of sesquiterpenoid in C. nobile at the molecular level and also provides molecular wealth for the biotechnological improvement of this important medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiyuan Cheng
- School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Qiangwen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Tingting Tao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Jing Lei
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Yongling Liao
- College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
| | - Jie Chang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Targeted Antitumor Drug, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, Hubei, China.
| | - Xingxiang Li
- Medical School, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China.
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Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of the gene encoding 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. J Genet 2015; 94:239-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rodríguez A, Shimada T, Cervera M, Redondo A, Alquézar B, Rodrigo MJ, Zacarías L, Palou L, López MM, Peña L. Resistance to pathogens in terpene down-regulated orange fruits inversely correlates with the accumulation of D-limonene in peel oil glands. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2015; 10:e1028704. [PMID: 26023857 PMCID: PMC4622707 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2015.1028704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are secondary metabolites acting as a language for the communication of plants with the environment. In orange fruits, the monoterpene D-limonene accumulates at very high levels in oil glands from the peel. Drastic down-regulation of D-limonene synthase gene expression in the peel of transgenic oranges harboring a D-limonene synthase transgene in antisense (AS) configuration altered the monoterpene profile in oil glands, mainly resulting in reduced accumulation of D-limonene. This led to fruit resistance against Penicillium digitatum (Pd), Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) and other specialized pathogens. Here, we analyze resistance to pathogens in independent AS and empty vector (EV) lines, which have low, medium or high D-limonene concentrations and show that the level of resistance is inversely related to the accumulation of D-limonene in orange peels, thus explaining the need of high D-limonene accumulation in mature oranges in nature for the efficient attraction of specialized microorganism frugivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodríguez
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura; São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Valencia, Spain
| | - Takehiko Shimada
- Okitsu Citrus Research Station; National Institute of Fruit Tree Science; National Agricultural Research Organization; Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Magdalena Cervera
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias; Carretera Moncada-Náquera; Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Redondo
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias; Carretera Moncada-Náquera; Valencia, Spain
| | - Berta Alquézar
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura; São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Valencia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodrigo
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos; Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Valencia, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Zacarías
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Alimentos; Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Valencia, Spain
| | - Lluís Palou
- Centro de Tecnología Postcosecha; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias
| | - María M López
- Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología; Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias; Carretera Moncada-Náquera; Valencia, Spain
| | - Leandro Peña
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura; São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia; Valencia, Spain
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Transcriptome and proteome analysis of Eucalyptus infected with Calonectria pseudoreteaudii. J Proteomics 2014; 115:117-31. [PMID: 25540935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cylindrocladium leaf blight is one of the most severe diseases in Eucalyptus plantations and nurseries. There are Eucalyptus cultivars with resistance to the disease. However, little is known about the defense mechanism of resistant cultivars. Here, we investigated the transcriptome and proteome of Eucalyptus leaves (E. urophylla×E. tereticornis M1), infected or not with Calonectria pseudoreteaudii. A total of 8585 differentially expressed genes (|log2 ratio| ≥1, FDR ≤0.001) at 12 and 24hours post-inoculation were detected using RNA-seq. Transcriptional changes for five genes were further confirmed by qRT-PCR. A total of 3680 proteins at the two time points were identified using iTRAQ technique.The combined transcriptome and proteome analysis revealed that the shikimate/phenylpropanoid pathway, terpenoid biosynthesis, signalling pathway (jasmonic acid and sugar) were activated. The data also showed that some proteins (WRKY33 and PR proteins) which have been reported to involve in plant defense response were up-regulated. However, photosynthesis, nucleic acid metabolism and protein metabolism were impaired by the infection of C. pseudoreteaudii. This work will facilitate the identification of defense related genes and provide insights into Eucalyptus defense responses to Cylindrocladium leaf blight. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this study, a total of 130 proteins and genes involved in the shikimate/phenylpropanoid pathway, terpenoid biosynthesis, signalling pathway, cell transport, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism and protein metabolism in Eucalyptus leaves after infected with C. pseudoreteaudii were identified. This is the first report of a comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of Eucalyptus in response to Calonectria sp.
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Yue Y, Yu R, Fan Y. Characterization of two monoterpene synthases involved in floral scent formation in Hedychium coronarium. PLANTA 2014; 240:745-62. [PMID: 25056927 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hedychium coronarium, a perennial herb belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, is cultivated as a garden plant or cut flower as well as for medicine and aromatic oil. Its flowers emit a fresh and inviting scent, which is mainly because of monoterpenes present in the profile of the floral volatiles. However, fragrance produced as a result of monoterpenes has not been well studied. In the present study, two novel terpene synthase (TPS) genes (HcTPS7 and HcTPS8) were isolated to study the biosynthesis of monoterpenes in H. coronarium. In vitro characterization showed that the recombinant HcTPS7 was capable of generating sabinene as its main product, in addition to nine sub-products from geranyl diphosphate (GPP). Recombinant HcTPS8 almost specifically catalyzed the formation of linalool from GPP, while it converted farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to α-bergamotene, cis-α-bisabolene, β-farnesene and other ten sesquiterpenes. Subcellular localization experiments revealed that HcTPS7 and HcTPS8 were located in plastids. Real-time PCR analyses showed that HcTPS7 and HcTPS8 genes were highly expressed in petals and sepals, but were almost undetectable in vegetative organs. The changes of their expression levels in petals were positively correlated with the emission patterns of sabinene and linalool, respectively, during flower development. The results indicated that HcTPS7 and HcTPS8 were involved in the biosynthesis of sabinene and linalool in H. coronarium flowers. Results on these two TPSs first characterized from H. coronarium provide new insights into molecular mechanisms of terpene biosynthesis in this species and also lay the basis for biotechnological modification of floral scent profile in Hedychium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechong Yue
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China,
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Marmulla R, Harder J. Microbial monoterpene transformations-a review. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:346. [PMID: 25076942 PMCID: PMC4097962 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprene and monoterpenes constitute a significant fraction of new plant biomass. Emission rates into the atmosphere alone are estimated to be over 500 Tg per year. These natural hydrocarbons are mineralized annually in similar quantities. In the atmosphere, abiotic photochemical processes cause lifetimes of minutes to hours. Microorganisms encounter isoprene, monoterpenes, and other volatiles of plant origin while living in and on plants, in the soil and in aquatic habitats. Below toxic concentrations, the compounds can serve as carbon and energy source for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Besides these catabolic reactions, transformations may occur as part of detoxification processes. Initial transformations of monoterpenes involve the introduction of functional groups, oxidation reactions, and molecular rearrangements catalyzed by various enzymes. Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus strains and members of the genera Castellaniella and Thauera have become model organisms for the elucidation of biochemical pathways. We review here the enzymes and their genes together with microorganisms known for a monoterpene metabolism, with a strong focus on microorganisms that are taxonomically validly described and currently available from culture collections. Metagenomes of microbiomes with a monoterpene-rich diet confirmed the ecological relevance of monoterpene metabolism and raised concerns on the quality of our insights based on the limited biochemical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Marmulla
- Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany
| | - Jens Harder
- Department of Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology Bremen, Germany
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Chloranthones A - D: Minor and Unprecedented Dinor-Eudesmenes fromChloranthus elatior. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:904-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201300247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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De Cremer K, Mathys J, Vos C, Froenicke L, Michelmore RW, Cammue BPA, De Coninck B. RNAseq-based transcriptome analysis of Lactuca sativa infected by the fungal necrotroph Botrytis cinerea. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1992-2007. [PMID: 23534608 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea establishes a necrotrophic interaction with its host plants, including lettuce (Lactuca sativa), causing it to wilt, collapse and eventually dry up and die, which results in serious economic losses. Global expression profiling using RNAseq and the newly sequenced lettuce genome identified a complex network of genes involved in the lettuce-B. cinerea interaction. The observed high number of differentially expressed genes allowed us to classify them according to the biological pathways in which they are implicated, generating a holistic picture. Most pronounced were the induction of the phenylpropanoid pathway and terpenoid biosynthesis, whereas photosynthesis was globally down-regulated at 48 h post-inoculation. Large-scale comparison with data available on the interaction of B. cinerea with the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana revealed both general and species-specific responses to infection with this pathogen. Surprisingly, expression analysis of selected genes could not detect significant systemic transcriptional alterations in lettuce leaves distant from the inoculation site. Additionally, we assessed the response of these lettuce genes to a biotrophic pathogen, Bremia lactucae, revealing that similar pathways are induced during compatible interactions of lettuce with necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat De Cremer
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
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Nishihara M, Shimoda T, Nakatsuka T, Arimura GI. Frontiers of torenia research: innovative ornamental traits and study of ecological interaction networks through genetic engineering. PLANT METHODS 2013; 9:23. [PMID: 23803155 PMCID: PMC3701481 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4811-9-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Advances in research in the past few years on the ornamental plant torenia (Torenia spps.) have made it notable as a model plant on the frontier of genetic engineering aimed at studying ornamental characteristics and pest control in horticultural ecosystems. The remarkable advantage of torenia over other ornamental plant species is the availability of an easy and high-efficiency transformation system for it. Unfortunately, most of the current torenia research is still not very widespread, because this species has not become prominent as an alternative to other successful model plants such as Arabidopsis, snapdragon and petunia. However, nowadays, a more global view using not only a few selected models but also several additional species are required for creating innovative ornamental traits and studying horticultural ecosystems. We therefore introduce and discuss recent research on torenia, the family Scrophulariaceae, for secondary metabolite bioengineering, in which global insights into horticulture, agriculture and ecology have been advanced. Floral traits, in torenia particularly floral color, have been extensively studied by manipulating the flavonoid biosynthetic pathways in flower organs. Plant aroma, including volatile terpenoids, has also been genetically modulated in order to understand the complicated nature of multi-trophic interactions that affect the behavior of predators and pollinators in the ecosystem. Torenia would accordingly be of great use for investigating both the variation in ornamental plants and the infochemical-mediated interactions with arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takeshi Shimoda
- National Agricultural Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8666, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakatsuka
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Gen-ichiro Arimura
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science & Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
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Chadwick M, Trewin H, Gawthrop F, Wagstaff C. Sesquiterpenoids lactones: benefits to plants and people. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12780-805. [PMID: 23783276 PMCID: PMC3709812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpenoids, and specifically sesquiterpene lactones from Asteraceae, may play a highly significant role in human health, both as part of a balanced diet and as pharmaceutical agents, due to their potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disease and cancer. This review highlights the role of sesquiterpene lactones endogenously in the plants that produce them, and explores mechanisms by which they interact in animal and human consumers of these plants. Several mechanisms are proposed for the reduction of inflammation and tumorigenesis at potentially achievable levels in humans. Plants can be classified by their specific array of produced sesquiterpene lactones, showing high levels of translational control. Studies of folk medicines implicate sesquiterpene lactones as the active ingredient in many treatments for other ailments such as diarrhea, burns, influenza, and neurodegradation. In addition to the anti-inflammatory response, sesquiterpene lactones have been found to sensitize tumor cells to conventional drug treatments. This review explores the varied ecological roles of sesquiterpenes in the plant producer, depending upon the plant and the compound. These include allelopathy with other plants, insects, and microbes, thereby causing behavioural or developmental modification to these secondary organisms to the benefit of the sesquiterpenoid producer. Some sesquiterpenoid lactones are antimicrobial, disrupting the cell wall of fungi and invasive bacteria, whereas others protect the plant from environmental stresses that would otherwise cause oxidative damage. Many of the compounds are effective due to their bitter flavor, which has obvious implications for human consumers. The implications of sesquiterpenoid lactone qualities for future crop production are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Chadwick
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, RG6 6AP, UK; E-Mail:
| | - Harriet Trewin
- Tozer Seeds, Pyports, Downside Bridge Road, Cobham, Surrey, KT11 3EH, UK; E-Mails: (H.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Frances Gawthrop
- Tozer Seeds, Pyports, Downside Bridge Road, Cobham, Surrey, KT11 3EH, UK; E-Mails: (H.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Carol Wagstaff
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 226, Whiteknights, RG6 6AP, UK; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +44-118-378-5362; Fax: +44-118-931-0080
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Houshyani B, Assareh M, Busquets A, Ferrer A, Bouwmeester HJ, Kappers IF. Three-step pathway engineering results in more incidence rate and higher emission of nerolidol and improved attraction of Diadegma semiclausum. Metab Eng 2013; 15:88-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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