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Schofield JH, Schafer ZT. Regulators mount up: the metabolic roles of apoptotic proteins. FRONTIERS IN CELL DEATH 2023; 2:1223926. [PMID: 37521407 PMCID: PMC10373711 DOI: 10.3389/fceld.2023.1223926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The induction of apoptosis, a programmed cell death pathway governed by activation of caspases, can result in fundamental changes in metabolism that either facilitate or restrict the execution of cell death. In addition, metabolic adaptations can significantly impact whether cells in fact initiate the apoptotic cascade. In this mini-review, we will highlight and discuss the interconnectedness of apoptotic regulation and metabolic alterations, two biological outcomes whose regulators are intertwined.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. Schofield
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Zachary T. Schafer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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2
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Huang JC, Yue ZP, Yu HF, Yang ZQ, Wang YS, Guo B. TAZ ameliorates the microglia-mediated inflammatory response via the Nrf2-ROS-NF-κB pathway. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:435-449. [PMID: 35505966 PMCID: PMC9043866 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), one of core modules of the Hippo pathway, involves inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver, but little information is available regarding its physiological function in the microglia-mediated inflammatory response. Here we revealed that activation of TAZ prevented microglia production of proinflammatory cytokines, indicating TAZ’s importance in anti-inflammation. After translocation into the nucleus, TAZ interacted with transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) and bound to the promoter of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), whose blockage caused inability of TAZ to improve inflammation, implying that Nrf2 is a direct target of TAZ. Further analysis showed that TAZ induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation to enhance antioxidant capacity with attenuation of oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. Under inflammatory conditions, TAZ impeded mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by amelioration of ATP levels, mtDNA copy numbers, and mitochondrial membrane potential with an obvious reduction in mitochondrial superoxide, but this impediment was neutralized by blockage of Nrf2. TAZ hindered opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, restrained release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytosol, and was sufficient to rescue microglia from apoptosis dependent on Nrf2. Nrf2 acted as a downstream target of TAZ to repress NF-κB activation by enhancing antioxidant capacity. Collectively, TAZ might ameliorate the microglia-mediated inflammatory response through the Nrf2-reactive oxygen species (ROS)-nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Cheng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Peng Yue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Fan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Qing Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Si Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Bin Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
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3
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Yin X, Li Z, Lyu C, Wang Y, Ding S, Ma C, Wang J, Cui S, Wang J, Guo D, Xu R. Induced Effect of Zinc oxide nanoparticles on human acute myeloid leukemia cell apoptosis by regulating mitochondrial division. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:519-531. [PMID: 35383422 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have exhibited excellent anti-tumor, the present study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanism of ZnO NPs induced apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells by regulating mitochondrial division. THP-1 cells, an AML cell line, were first incubated with different concentrations ZnO NPs for 24 h. Next, the expression of Drp-1, Bcl-2, Bax mRNA and protein was detected, and the effects of ZnO NPs on the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), apoptosis and ATP generation in THP-1 cells were measured. Moreover, the effect of Drp-1 inhibitor Mdivi-1 and ZnO NPs on THP-1 cells was also detected. The results showed that the THP-1 cells survival rate decreased with the increment of ZnO NPs concentration and incubation time in a dose- and time-dependent manner. ZnO NPs can reduce the cell Δψm and ATP levels, induce the ROS production, and increase the levels of mitochondrial division and apoptosis. In contrast, the apoptotic level was significantly reduced after intervention of Drp-1 inhibitor, suggesting that ZnO NPs can induce the apoptosis of THP-1 cells by regulating mitochondrial division. Overall, ZnO NPs may provide a new basis and idea in treating human acute myeloid leukemia in clinical practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Yin
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zonghong Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyi Lyu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shumin Ding
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Chenchen Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases, Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruirong Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Jinan, China
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Chandrasekaran A, Dittlau KS, Corsi GI, Haukedal H, Doncheva NT, Ramakrishna S, Ambardar S, Salcedo C, Schmidt SI, Zhang Y, Cirera S, Pihl M, Schmid B, Nielsen TT, Nielsen JE, Kolko M, Kobolák J, Dinnyés A, Hyttel P, Palakodeti D, Gorodkin J, Muddashetty RS, Meyer M, Aldana BI, Freude KK. Astrocytic reactivity triggered by defective autophagy and metabolic failure causes neurotoxicity in frontotemporal dementia type 3. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2736-2751. [PMID: 34678206 PMCID: PMC8581052 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia type 3 (FTD3), caused by a point mutation in the charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B), affects mitochondrial ultrastructure and the endolysosomal pathway in neurons. To dissect the astrocyte-specific impact of mutant CHMP2B expression, we generated astrocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and confirmed our findings in CHMP2B mutant mice. Our data provide mechanistic insights into how defective autophagy causes perturbed mitochondrial dynamics with impaired glycolysis, increased reactive oxygen species, and elongated mitochondrial morphology, indicating increased mitochondrial fusion in FTD3 astrocytes. This shift in astrocyte homeostasis triggers a reactive astrocyte phenotype and increased release of toxic cytokines, which accumulate in nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB) pathway activation with increased production of CHF, LCN2, and C3 causing neurodegeneration. FTD3 iPSC-derived astrocytes display impaired autophagy Impaired autophagy affects mitochondria turnover, glucose hypometabolism and TCA cycle FTD3 astrocytes contribute to reactive gliosis by increased C3, LCN2, IL6, and IL8 Reactive astrocyte phenotypes are present in both in vitro and in vivo models
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinaya Chandrasekaran
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Katarina Stoklund Dittlau
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Giulia I Corsi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark; Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Henriette Haukedal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Nadezhda T Doncheva
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark; Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Sarayu Ramakrishna
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India; The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sheetal Ambardar
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India; National Center for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Claudia Salcedo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Sissel I Schmidt
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine and Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - Susanna Cirera
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Maria Pihl
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | | | - Troels Tolstrup Nielsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jørgen E Nielsen
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Miriam Kolko
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | | | | | - Poul Hyttel
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark
| | - Dasaradhi Palakodeti
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark; Center for Non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Ravi S Muddashetty
- Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Blanca I Aldana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1870, Denmark.
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Alrumaihi FA, Khan MA, Allemailem KS, Alsahli MA, Almatroudi A, Younus H, Alsuhaibani SA, Algahtani M, Khan A. Methanolic Fenugreek Seed Extract Induces p53-Dependent Mitotic Catastrophe in Breast Cancer Cells, Leading to Apoptosis. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1511-1535. [PMID: 33889009 PMCID: PMC8057839 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s300025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The plant Trigonella foenum-graecum, well-known as fenugreek, has been shown to control type-2 diabetes, the level of cholesterol, inflammation of wounds, disorders related to gastrointestinal tracts, and cancer as well. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer potential of methanolic fenugreek seed extract (FSE) and its possible molecular mechanism of action in breast cancer cells. Methods The anticancer potential of FSE was evaluated in MCF-7 and SK-BR3 breast cancer cells through various cellular assays after selecting the IC10, IC25, IC35, and IC50 doses by the cell cytotoxicity assay. Furthermore, the oral acute toxicity of FSE was examined in mice, according to the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Results FSE exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity, as the IC50 was found to be 150 and 40 μg/mL for MCF-7 and SK-BR3 breast cancer cells, respectively. The cytological observations showed the typical apoptotic morphology in both of the breast cancer cells upon treatment with FSE, as it inhibited the migration and adhesion, in a dose-dependent manner. The flow cytometry analysis revealed that FSE induced a significant shift from G2/M, and polyploidy (>G) at higher concentrations that suggested the activation of p53-mediated mitotic catastrophe, consequently leading to apoptosis. FSE induced a significant increase in the mitochondrial depolarization, ROS as well as a Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and also exhibited the mitochondrial associated p53 signaling pathway. The in vivo acute toxicity data revealed that the oral administration of FSE did not induce any toxic effect in mice. Conclusion This study, for the first time, reports the mechanistic details of the anti-cancer potential of FSE. It requires a detailed analysis to understand the effect of FSE to induce the apoptosis through the multiple signaling pathways at varying concentrations. The nontoxic effect of FSE in mice suggests to utilize it safely for pharmaceutical formulations in different cancer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris A Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masood A Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hina Younus
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Sultan A Alsuhaibani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Algahtani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arif Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Naumova N, Šachl R. Regulation of Cell Death by Mitochondrial Transport Systems of Calcium and Bcl-2 Proteins. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E299. [PMID: 33096926 PMCID: PMC7590060 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria represent the fundamental system for cellular energy metabolism, by not only supplying energy in the form of ATP, but also by affecting physiology and cell death via the regulation of calcium homeostasis and the activity of Bcl-2 proteins. A lot of research has recently been devoted to understanding the interplay between Bcl-2 proteins, the regulation of these interactions within the cell, and how these interactions lead to the changes in calcium homeostasis. However, the role of Bcl-2 proteins in the mediation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis, and therefore the induction of cell death pathways, remain underestimated and are still not well understood. In this review, we first summarize our knowledge about calcium transport systems in mitochondria, which, when miss-regulated, can induce necrosis. We continue by reviewing and analyzing the functions of Bcl-2 proteins in apoptosis. Finally, we link these two regulatory mechanisms together, exploring the interactions between the mitochondrial Ca2+ transport systems and Bcl-2 proteins, both capable of inducing cell death, with the potential to determine the cell death pathway-either the apoptotic or the necrotic one.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radek Šachl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic;
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7
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BCL-w: apoptotic and non-apoptotic role in health and disease. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:260. [PMID: 32317622 PMCID: PMC7174325 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The BCL-2 family of proteins integrates signals that trigger either cell survival or apoptosis. The balance between pro-survival and pro-apoptotic proteins is important for tissue development and homeostasis, while impaired apoptosis contributes to several pathologies and can be a barrier against effective treatment. BCL-w is an anti-apoptotic protein that shares a sequence similarity with BCL-XL, and exhibits a high conformational flexibility. BCL-w level is controlled by a number of signaling pathways, and the repertoire of transcriptional regulators largely depends on the cellular and developmental context. As only a few disease-relevant genetic alterations of BCL2L2 have been identified, increased levels of BCL-w might be a consequence of abnormal activation of signaling cascades involved in the regulation of BCL-w expression. In addition, BCL-w transcript is a target of a plethora of miRNAs. Besides its originally recognized pro-survival function during spermatogenesis, BCL-w has been envisaged in different types of normal and diseased cells as an anti-apoptotic protein. BCL-w contributes to survival of senescent and drug-resistant cells. Its non-apoptotic role in the promotion of cell migration and invasion has also been elucidated. Growing evidence indicates that a high BCL-w level can be therapeutically relevant in neurodegenerative disorders, neuron dysfunctions and after small intestinal resection, whereas BCL-w inhibition can be beneficial for cancer patients. Although several drugs and natural compounds can bi-directionally affect BCL-w level, agents that selectively target BCL-w are not yet available. This review discusses current knowledge on the role of BCL-w in health, non-cancerous diseases and cancer.
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Ghosh A, Chatterjee K, Chowdhury AR, Barui A. Clinico-pathological significance of Drp1 dysregulation and its correlation to apoptosis in oral cancer patients. Mitochondrion 2020; 52:115-124. [PMID: 32169612 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation in mitochondrial dynamics has been associated with several diseases including cancer. Present study assessed the alteration in mitochondrial fission protein (Drp1) in oral epithelial cells collected from clinically confirmed pre-cancer and cancer patients and further correlates it with the cellular apoptosis signaling. Results indicate the ROS accumulation in OSCC patients is accompanied by several changes including increase in mitochondrial mass, expression of mitochondrial fission protein (Drp1) and alteration in apoptotic signaling. The positive co-relation has been observed between the expressions of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2proteinswith mitochondrial fission protein Drp1. Higher mitochondrial fission in oral cancer cells was also correlated with the increased expression of cell cycle marker CyclinD1 indicating highly proliferative stage of oral cancer cells. The clinical correlation can be extended to develop biomarker for diagram and program in oral cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritri Ghosh
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, P.O. Botanic Garden, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, WB, India
| | - Kabita Chatterjee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences, West of TV Tower, Gandhinagar, Kankarbagh, Patna 800020, Bihar, India
| | - Amit Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Aerospace and Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, P.O. Botanic Garden, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, WB, India
| | - Ananya Barui
- Centre for Healthcare Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, P.O. Botanic Garden, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, WB, India.
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9
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Mitochondrial MiRNA in Cardiovascular Function and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121475. [PMID: 31766319 PMCID: PMC6952824 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs functioning as crucial post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression involved in cardiovascular development and health. Recently, mitochondrial miRNAs (mitomiRs) have been shown to modulate the translational activity of the mitochondrial genome and regulating mitochondrial protein expression and function. Although mitochondria have been verified to be essential for the development and as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases, we are just beginning to understand the roles of mitomiRs in the regulation of crucial biological processes, including energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding how mitomiRs impact on mitochondrial gene expression and mitochondrial function, which may help us better understand the contribution of mitomiRs to both the regulation of cardiovascular function under physiological conditions and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
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10
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ABT737 enhances ovarian cancer cells sensitivity to cisplatin through regulation of mitochondrial fission via Sirt3 activation. Life Sci 2019; 232:116561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Albensi BC. What Is Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) Doing in and to the Mitochondrion? Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:154. [PMID: 31448275 PMCID: PMC6692429 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of literature supports the idea that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling contributes to not only immunity, but also inflammation, cancer, and nervous system function. However, studies on NF-κB activity in mitochondrial function are much more limited and scattered throughout the literature. For example, in 2001 it was first published that NF-κB subunits were found in the mitochondria, including not only IkBα and NF-κB p65 subunits, but also NF-κB pathway proteins such as IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ, but not much follow-up work has been done to date. Upon further thought the lack of studies on NF-κB activity in mitochondrial function is surprising given the importance and the evolutionary history of both NF-κB and the mitochondrion. Both are ancient in their appearance in our biological record where both contribute substantially to cell survival, cell death, and the regulation of function and/or disease. Studies also show NF-κB can influence mitochondrial function from outside the mitochondria. Therefore, it is essential to understand the complexity of these roles both inside and out of this organelle. In this review, an attempt is made to understand how NF-κB activity contributes to overall mitochondrial function – both inside and out. The discussion at times is speculative and perhaps even provocative to some, since NF-κB does not yet have defined mitochondrial targeting sequences for some nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes and mechanisms of mitochondrial import for NF-κB are not yet entirely understood. Also, the data associated with the mitochondrial localization of proteins must be yet further proved with additional experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict C Albensi
- Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, St. Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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12
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Li Q, Yin W, Li W, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Zhang XE, Cui Z. Encapsulating Quantum Dots within HIV-1 Virions through Site-Specific Decoration of the Matrix Protein Enables Single Virus Tracking in Live Primary Macrophages. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:7457-7468. [PMID: 30398057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b02800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Labeling and imaging with quantum dots (QDs) provides powerful tools to visualize viral infection in living cells. Encapsulating QDs within virions represents a novel strategy for virus labeling. Here, we developed infectious HIV-1 virions encapsulating QDs through site-specific decoration of the viral matrix protein (MA) and used them to visualize early infection events in human primary macrophages by single-particle imaging. The MA protein was fused to a biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) tag, biotinylated, complexed with streptavidin-conjugated QDs in live cells, and incorporated into virions during virus assembly. The QD-encapsulated virions were tracked during infection of macrophages at a single particle level. The dynamic dissociation of MA and Vpr was also tracked in real time, and the results demonstrated that MA has multiple dynamic behaviors and functions during virus entry. More importantly, we tracked the dynamic interplay of QD-encapsulated virions with cellular mitochondria in live primary macrophages. We also found that HIV-1 can induce fission of mitochondria during the early phases of infection. In summary, we have constructed a type of QD-encapsulated virus particle and used this technology to further our understanding of the early events of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences , Fujian Normal University , Fujian 350007 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zongqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , People's Republic of China
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13
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Noh MR, Woo CH, Park MJ, In Kim J, Park KM. Ablation of C/EBP homologous protein attenuates renal fibrosis after ureteral obstruction by reducing autophagy and microtubule disruption. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1634-1641. [PMID: 29425932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is an undesirable consequence of injury and a critical problem in many diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated an association of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) with fibrosis. We investigated the mechanism of CHOP in kidney fibrosis progression after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) using Chop gene-deleted (Chop-/-) mice and their wild-type littermates (Chop+/+). UUO-induced kidney fibrosis was reduced in the Chop-/- than Chop+/+ mice. After UUO, CHOP expression was detected in the cytosol and nucleus of distal tubule cells and collecting duct cells of the kidney. UUO formed the autophagosome and increased the expression of autophagy proteins, Beclin-1, LC3-I and II, and p62 in the kidneys. These UUO-induced changes were significantly reduced in Chop-/- mice. Furthermore, Chop gene deletion attenuated mitochondrial fragmentation with lower expression of Fis-1, a mitochondrial fission protein, but higher expression of Opa-1, a mitochondrial fusion protein, than that seen in the wild-type mice. UUO disrupted the microtubule, which is involved in autophagosome formation, and this disruption was milder in the Chop-/- than Chop+/+ mouse kidney, with less reduction of histone deacetylase 6 and α‑tubulin acetyl transferase, which acetylates tubulin, a component of the microtubule. After UUO, apoptosis, a consequence of autophagy and mitochondrial damage, was reduced in the Chop-/- mouse kidney cells than in Chop+/+ mice. Thus, the ablation of Chop attenuates renal fibrosis, accompanied by reduced autophagy, mitochondrial fragmentation, microtubule disruption, and apoptosis. Overall, these results suggest that CHOP plays a critical role in the progression of kidney fibrosis, likely through regulation of autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ra Noh
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Woo
- Department of Pharmacology and Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Namgu, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Mae-Ja Park
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee In Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and MRC, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseogu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Moo Park
- Department of Anatomy and BK21 Plus, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Junggu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.
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Yu Y, Xu L, Qi L, Wang C, Xu N, Liu S, Li S, Tian H, Liu W, Xu Y, Li Z. ABT737 induces mitochondrial pathway apoptosis and mitophagy by regulating DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fission in human ovarian cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:22-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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15
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MicroRNA-34a: A Key Regulator in the Hallmarks of Renal Cell Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3269379. [PMID: 29104726 PMCID: PMC5632457 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3269379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence has increased over the past two decades. Recent studies reported microRNAs as promising biomarkers for early cancer detection, accurate prognosis, and molecular targets for future treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the expression levels of miR-34a and 11 of its bioinformatically selected target genes and proteins to test their potential dysregulation in RCC. Quantitative real-time PCR for miR-34a and its targets; MET oncogene; gene-regulating apoptosis (TP53INP2 and DFFA); cell proliferation (E2F3); and cell differentiation (SOX2 and TGFB3) as well as immunohistochemical assay for VEGFA, TP53, Bcl2, TGFB1, and Ki67 protein expression have been performed in 85 FFPE RCC tumor specimens. Clinicopathological parameter correlation and in silico network analysis have also implicated. We found RCC tissues displayed significantly higher miR-34a expression level than their corresponding noncancerous tissues, particularly in chromophobic subtype. MET and E2F3 were significantly upregulated, while TP53INP2 and SOX2 were downregulated. ROC analysis showed high diagnostic performance of miR-34a (AUC = 0.854), MET (AUC = 0.765), and E2F3 (AUC = 0.761). The advanced pathological grade was associated with strong TGFB1, VEGFA, and Ki67 protein expression and absent Tp53 staining. These findings indicate miR-34a along with its putative target genes could play a role in RCC tumorigenesis and progression.
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16
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Chen A, Wang H, Zhang Y, Wang X, Yu L, Xu W, Xu W, Lin Y. Paeoniflorin exerts neuroprotective effects against glutamate‑induced PC12 cellular cytotoxicity by inhibiting apoptosis. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:825-833. [PMID: 28731183 PMCID: PMC5547935 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) is an active ingredient of Radix Paeoniae, which is known to exert neuroprotective effects. However, the mechanims behind the neuroprotective effects of PF are not yet fully understood. The apoptosis of neurons plays an important role in the cerebral ischemia-induced cascade response. This study aimed to investigate neuroprotective effects of PF against glutamate‑induced PC12 cellular cytotoxicity and to determine whether these effects are mediated via the inhibition of apoptosis in vitro and the activity of mitochondrial apoptosis-associated proteins in PC12 cells. Exposure of the PC12 cells to glutamate induced cell morphological changes, significantly decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis, with similar results being observed from the Hoechst 33342 staining and Annexin V/PI staining experiments. Glutamate also increased the lactate dehydrogenase release by the PC12 cells. However, treatment with PF prevented these effects. Furthermore, PF inhibited Bax and Bad expression and increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression; it also decreased the levels of downstream protein (caspase-3 and caspase-9). Collectively, our results indicate that PF protects PC12 cells against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity possibly through the inhibition of the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahong Chen
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Lishuang Yu
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lin
- College of Pharmacy of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
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17
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Perturbations in the apoptotic pathway and mitochondrial network dynamics in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from bipolar disorder patients. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1111. [PMID: 28463235 PMCID: PMC5534951 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by phasic changes of mood and can be associated with progressive structural brain change and cognitive decline. The numbers and sizes of glia and neurons are reduced in several brain areas, suggesting the involvement of apoptosis in the pathophysiology of BD. Because the changes in mitochondrial dynamics are closely related with the early process of apoptosis and the specific processes of apoptosis and mitochondrial dynamics in BD have not been fully elucidated, we measured the apoptotic pathway and the expression of mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins from BD patients and healthy controls. We recruited 16 patients with BD type I and sixteen well-matched healthy controls and investigated protein levels of several pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors, as well as the expression of mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Our results showed that the levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-xL, survivin and Bcl-xL/Bak dimer were significantly decreased, while active caspase-3 protein levels were significantly increased in PBMCs from BD patients. Moreover, we observed the downregulation of the mitochondrial fusion-related proteins Mfn2 and Opa1 and the upregulation of the fission protein Fis1 in PBMCs from BD patients, both in terms of gene expression and protein levels. We also showed a significantly decrease in the citrate synthase activity. Finally, we found a positive correlation between Mfn2 and Opa1 with mitochondrial content markers, as well as a negative correlation between mitochondrial fission/fusion proteins and apoptotic markers. Overall, data reported here are consistent with the working hypothesis that apoptosis may contribute to cellular dysfunction, brain volume loss and progressive cognitive in BD. Moreover, we show an important relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and the cell death pathway activation in BD patients, supporting the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and the pathophysiology of BD.
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18
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D'Orsi B, Mateyka J, Prehn JHM. Control of mitochondrial physiology and cell death by the Bcl-2 family proteins Bax and Bok. Neurochem Int 2017; 109:162-170. [PMID: 28315370 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal cell death is often triggered by events that involve intracellular increases in Ca2+. Under resting conditions, the intracellular Ca2+ concentration is tightly controlled by a number of extrusion and sequestering mechanisms involving the plasma membrane, mitochondria, and ER. These mechanisms act to prevent a disruption of neuronal ion homeostasis. As these processes require ATP, excessive Ca2+ overloading may cause energy depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction, and may eventually lead to Ca2+-dependent cell death. Excessive Ca2+ entry though glutamate receptors (excitotoxicity) has been implicated in several neurologic and chronic neurodegenerative diseases, including ischemic stroke, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease. Recent evidence has revealed that excitotoxic cell death is regulated by the B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins. Bcl-2 proteins, comprising of both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members, have been shown to not only mediate the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by controlling mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) integrity, but to also control neuronal Ca2+ homeostasis and energetics. In this review, the role of Bcl-2 family proteins in the regulation of apoptosis, their expression in the central nervous system and how they control Ca2+-dependent neuronal injury are summarized. We review the current knowledge on Bcl-2 family proteins in the regulation of mitochondrial function and bioenergetics, including the fusion and fission machinery, and their role in Ca2+ homeostasis regulation at the mitochondria and ER. Specifically, we discuss how the 'pro-apoptotic' Bcl-2 family proteins, Bax and Bok, physiologically expressed in the nervous system, regulate such 'non-apoptotic/daytime' functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice D'Orsi
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Julia Mateyka
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Centre for the Study of Neurological Disorders, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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19
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Bok Is Not Pro-Apoptotic But Suppresses Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase-Dependent Cell Death Pathways and Protects against Excitotoxic and Seizure-Induced Neuronal Injury. J Neurosci 2016; 36:4564-78. [PMID: 27098698 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3780-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bok (Bcl-2-related ovarian killer) is a Bcl-2 family member that, because of its predicted structural homology to Bax and Bak, has been proposed to be a pro-apoptotic protein. In this study, we demonstrate that Bok is highly expressed in neurons of the mouse brain but that bok was not required for staurosporine-, proteasome inhibition-, or excitotoxicity-induced apoptosis of cultured cortical neurons. On the contrary, we found that bok-deficient neurons were more sensitive to oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced injury in vitro and seizure-induced neuronal injury in vivo Deletion of bok also increased staurosporine-, excitotoxicity-, and oxygen/glucose deprivation-induced cell death in bax-deficient neurons. Single-cell imaging demonstrated that bok-deficient neurons failed to maintain their neuronal Ca(2+)homeostasis in response to an excitotoxic stimulus; this was accompanied by a prolonged deregulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics.bok deficiency led to a specific reduction in neuronal Mcl-1 protein levels, and deregulation of both mitochondrial bioenergetics and Ca(2+)homeostasis was rescued by Mcl-1 overexpression. Detailed analysis of cell death pathways demonstrated the activation of poly ADP-ribose polymerase-dependent cell death in bok-deficient neurons. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Bok acts as a neuroprotective factor rather than a pro-death effector during Ca(2+)- and seizure-induced neuronal injury in vitro and in vivo SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Bcl-2 proteins are essential regulators of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. The Bcl-2 protein Bok is highly expressed in the CNS. Because of its sequence similarity to Bax and Bak, Bok has long been considered part of the pro-apoptotic Bax-like subfamily, but no studies have yet been performed in neurons to test this hypothesis. Our study provides important new insights into the functional role of Bok during neuronal apoptosis and specifically in the setting of Ca(2+)- and seizure-mediated neuronal injury. We show that Bok controls neuronal Ca(2+)homeostasis and bioenergetics and, contrary to previous assumptions, exerts neuroprotective activities in vitro and in vivo Our results demonstrate that Bok cannot be placed unambiguously into the Bax-like Bcl-2 subfamily of pro-apoptotic proteins.
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20
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Cossa AC, Lima DC, do Vale TG, de Alencar Rocha AKA, da Graça Naffah-Mazzacoratti M, da Silva Fernandes MJ, Amado D. Maternal seizures can affect the brain developing of offspring. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:891-900. [PMID: 27085526 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the impact of maternal seizures in the developing rat brain, pregnant Wistar rats were subjected to the pilocarpine-induced seizures and pups from different litters were studied at different ages. In the first 24 h of life, blood glucose and blood gases were analyzed. (14)C-leucine [(14)C-Leu] incorporation was used to analyze protein synthesis at PN1, and Western Blot method was used to analyze protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in the hippocampus (PN3-PN21). During the first 22 days of postnatal life, body weight gain, length, skull measures, tooth eruption, eye opening and righting reflex have been assessed. Pups from naive mothers were used as controls. Experimental pups showed a compensated metabolic acidosis and hyperglycemia. At PN1, the [(14)C-Leu] incorporation into different studied areas of experimental pups was lower than in the control pups. During development, the protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and PARP-1 in the hippocampus of experimental pups were altered when compared with control pups. A decreased level of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins was verified in the early postnatal age (PN3), and an increased level of pro-apoptotic proteins concomitant with a reduced level of anti-apoptotic protein was observed at the later stages of the development (PN21). Experimental pups had a delay in postnatal growth and development beyond disturb in protein synthesis and some protein expression during development. These changes can be result from hormonal alterations linked to stress and/or hypoxic events caused by maternal epileptic seizures during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Cossa
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia - Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 2° Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
| | - Daiana Correia Lima
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia - Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 2° Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Anna Karynna Alves de Alencar Rocha
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia - Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 2° Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Maria da Graça Naffah-Mazzacoratti
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia - Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 2° Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP - Rua 3 de maio, 100, São Paulo, BR, Brasil
| | - Maria José da Silva Fernandes
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia - Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 2° Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Debora Amado
- Departamento de Neurologia e Neurocirurgia - Disciplina de Neurologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP, Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 2° Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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21
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Zhou Y, Zhao HY, Jiang D, Wang LY, Xiang C, Wen SP, Fan ZC, Zhang YM, Guo N, Teng YO, Yu P. Low toxic and high soluble camptothecin derivative 2–47 effectively induces apoptosis of tumor cells in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:477-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Saez-Atienzar S, Bonet-Ponce L, da Casa C, Perez-Dolz L, Blesa JR, Nava E, Galindo MF, Jordan J. Bcl-xL-mediated antioxidant function abrogates the disruption of mitochondrial dynamics induced by LRRK2 inhibition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:20-31. [PMID: 26435084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have used the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y overexpressing Bcl-xL (SH-SY5Y/Bcl-xL) to clarify the effects of this mitochondrial protein on the control of mitochondrial dynamics and the autophagic processes which occur after the inhibition of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) with GSK2578215A. In wild type (SH-SY5Y/Neo) cells, GSK2578215A (1nM) caused a disruption of mitochondrial morphology and an imbalance in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as indicated by an increase in dichlorofluorescein fluorescence and 4-hydroxynonenal. However, SH-SY5Y/Bcl-xL cells under GSK2578215A treatment, unlike the wild type, preserved a high mitochondrial membrane potential and did not exhibit apoptotical chromatins. In contrast to wild type cells, in SH-SY5Y/Bcl-xL cells, GSK2578215A did not induce mitochondrial translocation of neither dynamin related protein-1 nor the proapoptotic protein, Bax. In SH-SY5Y/Neo, but not SH-SY5Y/Bcl-xL cells, mitochondrial fragmentation elicited by GSK2578215A precedes an autophagic response. Furthermore, the overexpression of Bcl-xL protein restores the autophagic flux pathway disrupted by this inhibitor. SH-SY5Y/Neo, but not SH-SY5Y/Bcl-xL cells, responded to LRRK2 inhibition by an increase in the levels of acetylated tubulin, indicating that this was abrogated by Bcl-xL overexpression. This hyperacetylation of tubulin took place earlier than any of the above-mentioned events suggesting that it is involved in the autophagic flux interruption. Pre-treatment with tempol prevented the GSK2578215A-induced mitochondrial fragmentation, autophagy and the rise in acetylated tubulin in SH-SY5Y/Neo cells. Thus, these data support the notion that ROS act as a second messenger connexion between LRRK2 inhibition and these deleterious responses, which are markedly alleviated by the Bcl-xL-mediated ROS generation blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saez-Atienzar
- Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Dpto. Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, IDINE, Albacete, Spain; Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia ¨San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain; Unidad de Neuropsicofarmacología Traslacional, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Luis Bonet-Ponce
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia ¨San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen da Casa
- Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Dpto. Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, IDINE, Albacete, Spain; Unidad de Neuropsicofarmacología Traslacional, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Laura Perez-Dolz
- Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Dpto. Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, IDINE, Albacete, Spain; Unidad de Neuropsicofarmacología Traslacional, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jose R Blesa
- Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad Católica de Valencia ¨San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Nava
- Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Dpto. Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, IDINE, Albacete, Spain
| | - Maria F Galindo
- Unidad de Neuropsicofarmacología Traslacional, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Jordan
- Grupo de Neurofarmacología, Dpto. Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, IDINE, Albacete, Spain.
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Wang X, Ren H, Zhao T, Chen J, Sun W, Sun Y, Ma W, Wang J, Gao C, Gao S, Lang M, Jia L, Hao J. Stem cell factor is a novel independent prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2283-90. [PMID: 25086759 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell factor (SCF), a ligand of c-kit, is a hematopoietic growth factor. Uncontrolled activity of SCF/c-kit signaling pathway contributes to the formation of a variety of human malignancies. In this study, we determined whether SCF expression could risk-stratify patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after curative resection. HCC tissues from 160 patients were collected during curative resection and stained with SCF and CD34, a marker for microvessel density (MVD), using immunohistochemistry. Two statistical analyses were performed: an independent continuous and a multivariate categorical analysis, with test/validation set-defined cut points, and Kaplan-Meier estimated outcome measures of overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). We found that higher levels of SCF confer worse OS (continuous P = 0.014; and categorical P = 0.009), and RFS (continuous P = 0.002; categorical P = 0.003) of patients with HCC. SCF varies independently from MVD-CD34, tumor node metastasis, histologic grade, age and gender, and retains prognostic significance when analysed as a categorical variable in a multivariate analysis . We confirmed that MVD-CD34 is also an independent prognostic marker for patients with HCC. The levels of SCF and CD34 showed a positive and significant correlation (P < 0.0001) and double low expression confers superior OS (median = 48 months) and RFS (median = 24 months), whereas double high expression confers shortest RFS (median = 10.5 months) compared with single measurements. The prognostic values of SCF and CD34 were independently determined in this study and we propose that both of them are independent prognostic markers for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchao Wang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology and Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China and Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - He Ren
- Department of Abdominal Oncology and Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China and Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Tiansuo Zhao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology and Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China and Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Abdominal Oncology and Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China and Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Abdominal Oncology and Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China and Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China and
| | - Weidong Ma
- Department of Abdominal Oncology and Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China and Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology and Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China and Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Chuntao Gao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology and Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China and Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology and Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China and Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mingxiao Lang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology and Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China and Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Li Jia
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Jihui Hao
- Department of Abdominal Oncology and Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Lab of Cancer Treatment and Prevention, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China and Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
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24
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Zhou Y, Zhao HY, Han KL, Yang Y, Song BB, Guo QN, Fan ZC, Zhang YM, Teng YO, Yu P. 5-(2-carboxyethenyl) isatin derivative induces G₂/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:1650-5. [PMID: 25044115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study successfully identified that the novel isatin derivative (E)-methyl 3-(1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2,3-dioxoindolin-5-yl) acrylate (HKL 2H) acts as an anticancer agent at an inhibitory concentration (IC50) level of 3nM. In this study, the molecular mechanism how HKL 2H induces cytotoxic activity in the human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells was investigated. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the cells were arrested in the G2/M phase and accumulated subsequently in the sub-G1 phase in the presence of HKL 2H. HKL 2H treatment down-regulated the expressions of CDK1 and cyclin B but up-regulated the level of phosphorylated CDK1. Annexin-V staining and the classic DNA ladder studies showed that HKL 2H induced the apoptosis of K562 cells. Our study further showed that HKL 2H treatment caused the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, activated caspase-3 and lowered the Bcl-2/Bax ratio in K562 cells, suggesting that the HKL 2H-causing programmed cell death of K562 cells was caused via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Taken together, our data demonstrated that HKL 2H, a 5-(2-carboxyethenyl) isatin derivative, notably induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in K562 cells, indicating that this compound could be a promising anticancer candidate for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Hong-Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Kai-Lin Han
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Bin-Bin Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Qian-Nan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zhen-Chuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Obesita & Algaegen LLC, College Station, TX 77845, United States
| | - Yong-Min Zhang
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire UMR CNRS 8232, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yu-Ou Teng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Peng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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25
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Würstle ML, Zink E, Prehn JHM, Rehm M. From computational modelling of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway to a systems-based analysis of chemotherapy resistance: achievements, perspectives and challenges in systems medicine. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1258. [PMID: 24874730 PMCID: PMC4047923 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the mitochondrial or intrinsic apoptosis pathway and its role in chemotherapy resistance has increased significantly in recent years by a combination of experimental studies and mathematical modelling. This combined approach enhanced the quantitative and kinetic understanding of apoptosis signal transduction, but also provided new insights that systems-emanating functions (i.e., functions that cannot be attributed to individual network components but that are instead established by multi-component interplay) are crucial determinants of cell fate decisions. Among these features are molecular thresholds, cooperative protein functions, feedback loops and functional redundancies that provide systems robustness, and signalling topologies that allow ultrasensitivity or switch-like responses. The successful development of kinetic systems models that recapitulate biological signal transduction observed in living cells have now led to the first translational studies, which have exploited and validated such models in a clinical context. Bottom-up strategies that use pathway models in combination with higher-level modelling at the tissue, organ and whole body-level therefore carry great potential to eventually deliver a new generation of systems-based diagnostic tools that may contribute to the development of personalised and predictive medicine approaches. Here we review major achievements in the systems biology of intrinsic apoptosis signalling, discuss challenges for further model development, perspectives for higher-level integration of apoptosis models and finally discuss requirements for the development of systems medical solutions in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Würstle
- 1] Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland [2] Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Zink
- 1] Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland [2] Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - J H M Prehn
- 1] Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland [2] Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Rehm
- 1] Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland [2] Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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Zhang L, Yuan X, Wang S, Ou Y, Zheng X, Wang Q. The relationship between mitochondrial fusion/fission and apoptosis in the process of adipose-derived stromal cells differentiation into astrocytes. Neurosci Lett 2014; 575:19-24. [PMID: 24858134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To research the features of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins and their relationship with apoptosis in the process of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) differentiation into astrocytes. Immunocytochemistry and Western-blotting were used to analyze the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), mitochondria fusion-2 (Mfn2), mitochondrial fission-1 (Fis1) and cysteine aspartate specific protease-3 (Caspase-3). Flow cytometry for quantification of the number of apoptotic cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for observation of the ultrastructure. After induced for 48h, 7, 14 and 21 days showed expression of GFAP, reached the peak on the 7th day (P<0.05). The expression of Mfn2 was decreased with the induction time extending, reached the minimum on the 14th day (P<0.05). The expression of Fis1 and Caspase-3 was increased with the induction time extending, reached the peak on the 14th day (P<0.05, respectively). The rates of early apoptosis, late apoptosis or necrosis were increased gradually (P<0.05). Our findings suggest that in the process of ADSCs differentiation into astrocytes, mitochondrial fusion decreased while mitochondrial fission enhanced significantly; caspase-dependent apoptosis was one of the main reasons leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Kailuan General Hospital of Hebei United University, No. 57, East Xinhua Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaodong Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Kailuan General Hospital of Hebei United University, No. 57, East Xinhua Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China.
| | - Shujuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Kailuan General Hospital of Hebei United University, No. 57, East Xinhua Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Ya Ou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Kailuan General Hospital of Hebei United University, No. 57, East Xinhua Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Xinyue Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Kailuan General Hospital of Hebei United University, No. 57, East Xinhua Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
| | - Quanquan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Kailuan General Hospital of Hebei United University, No. 57, East Xinhua Road, Tangshan 063000, Hebei, China
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27
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Shangguan WJ, Li H, Zhang YH. Induction of G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by ginsenoside Rf in human osteosarcoma MG‑63 cells through the mitochondrial pathway. Oncol Rep 2013; 31:305-13. [PMID: 24173574 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides, extracted from the traditional Chinese herb ginseng, are a series of novel natural anticancer products known for their favorable safety and efficacy profiles. The present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of ginsenoside Rf to human osteosarcoma cells and to explore the anticancer molecular mechanisms of ginsenoside Rf. Five human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63, OS732, U-2OS, HOS and SAOS-2) were employed to investigate the cytotoxicity of ginsenoside Rf by MTT and colony forming assays. After treatment with ginsenoside Rf, MG-63 cells which were the most sensitive to ginsenoside Rf, were subjected to flow cytometry to detect cell cycle distribution and apoptosis, and nuclear morphological changes were visualized by Hoechst 33258 staining. Caspase-3, -8 and -9 activities were also evaluated. The expression of cell cycle markers including cyclin B1 and Cdk1 was detected by RT-PCR and western blotting. The expression of apoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Bax and the release of cytochrome c were also examined by western blotting. Change in the mitochondrial membrane potential was observed by JC-1 staining in situ. Our results demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of ginsenoside Rf to these human osteosarcoma cell lines was dose-dependent, and the MG-63 cells were the most sensitive to exposure to ginsenoside Rf. Additionally, ginsenoside Rf induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MG-63 cells. Furthermore, we observed upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2, Cdk1 and cyclin B1, the activation of caspase-3 and -9 and the release of cytochrome c in MG-63 cells following treatment with ginsenoside Rf. Our findings demonstrated that ginsenoside Rf induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells through the mitochondrial pathway, suggesting that ginsenoside Rf, as an effective natural product, may have a therapeutic effect on human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ji Shangguan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
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28
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Ren X, Zhang Y, Li C, Wang H, Jiang Z, Zhang Z, Guo Q, Song G, Bi K, Jiang G. Enhancement of baicalin by hexamethylene bisacetamide on the induction of apoptosis contributes to simultaneous activation of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in human leukemia cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:2071-80. [PMID: 23970138 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) and natural flavanoid baicalin both exert potent antileukemic activity. However, there is currently no data on the anti-leukemic effects of baicalin in combination with HMBA. In the present study, we demonstrated that the combination of baicalin and HMBA synergistically inhibited the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. In addition, a slight G0/G1 phase arrest and significant apoptosis were observed. The combination treatment triggered apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway, which involved loss of MMP, decreased Bcl‑2/Bax ratio and Bcl‑XL/Bax ratio, caspase‑9 activation, as well as through the extrinsic pathway mediated by Fas and caspase‑8 activation. On the other hand, combination of baicalin and HMBA showed little toxic effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers. Our results raise the possibility that the novel combination of baicalin and HMBA may be a promising regimen for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ren
- Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases, Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Chinese Medicine Immunology of Shandong Province, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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29
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Silva DF, Selfridge JE, Lu J, E L, Roy N, Hutfles L, Burns JM, Michaelis EK, Yan S, Cardoso SM, Swerdlow RH. Bioenergetic flux, mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial morphology dynamics in AD and MCI cybrid cell lines. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3931-46. [PMID: 23740939 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioenergetic dysfunction occurs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a clinical syndrome that frequently precedes symptomatic AD. In this study, we modeled AD and MCI bioenergetic dysfunction by transferring mitochondria from MCI, AD and control subject platelets to mtDNA-depleted SH-SY5Y cells. Bioenergetic fluxes and bioenergetics-related infrastructures were characterized in the resulting cytoplasmic hybrid (cybrid) cell lines. Relative to control cybrids, AD and MCI cybrids showed changes in oxygen consumption, respiratory coupling and glucose utilization. AD and MCI cybrids had higher ADP/ATP and lower NAD+/NADH ratios. AD and MCI cybrids exhibited differences in proteins that monitor, respond to or regulate cell bioenergetic fluxes including HIF1α, PGC1α, SIRT1, AMPK, p38 MAPK and mTOR. Several endpoints suggested mitochondrial mass increased in the AD cybrid group and probably to a lesser extent in the MCI cybrid group, and that the mitochondrial fission-fusion balance shifted towards increased fission in the AD and MCI cybrids. As many of the changes we observed in AD and MCI cybrid models are also seen in AD subject brains, we conclude reduced bioenergetic function is present during very early AD, is not brain-limited and induces protean retrograde responses that likely have both adaptive and mal-adaptive consequences.
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30
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YInglong X, Hui L, Junli W, Min X. Effect of liposomal transfection of hTERT on Apoptosis of newborn rat cochlear basilar membrane cells. J Otol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1672-2930(12)50025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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31
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Thomas KJ, Jacobson MR. Defects in mitochondrial fission protein dynamin-related protein 1 are linked to apoptotic resistance and autophagy in a lung cancer model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45319. [PMID: 23028930 PMCID: PMC3447926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evasion of apoptosis is implicated in almost all aspects of cancer progression, as well as treatment resistance. In this study, resistance to apoptosis was identified in tumorigenic lung epithelial (A549) cells as a consequence of defects in mitochondrial and autophagic function. Mitochondrial function is determined in part by mitochondrial morphology, a process regulated by mitochondrial dynamics whereby the joining of two mitochondria, fusion, inhibits apoptosis while fission, the division of a mitochondrion, initiates apoptosis. Mitochondrial morphology of A549 cells displayed an elongated phenotype–mimicking cells deficient in mitochondrial fission protein, Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1). A549 cells had impaired Drp1 mitochondrial recruitment and decreased Drp1-dependent fission. Cytochrome c release and caspase-3 and PARP cleavage were impaired both basally and with apoptotic stimuli in A549 cells. Increased mitochondrial mass was observed in A549 cells, suggesting defects in mitophagy (mitochondrial selective autophagy). A549 cells had decreased LC3-II lipidation and lysosomal inhibition suggesting defects in autophagy occur upstream of lysosomal degradation. Immunostaining indicated mitochondrial localized LC3 punctae in A549 cells increased after mitochondrial uncoupling or with a combination of mitochondrial depolarization and ectopic Drp1 expression. Increased inhibition of apoptosis in A549 cells is correlated with impeded mitochondrial fission and mitophagy. We suggest mitochondrial fission defects contribute to apoptotic resistance in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Jean Thomas
- Biological Sciences Department, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, Colorado, United States of America.
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32
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Gall JM, Wang Z, Liesa M, Molina A, Havasi A, Schwartz JH, Shirihai O, Borkan SC, Bonegio RGB. Role of mitofusin 2 in the renal stress response. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31074. [PMID: 22292091 PMCID: PMC3266928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of mitofusin 2 (MFN2), a key regulator of mitochondrial morphology and function in the renal stress response is unknown. To assess its role, the MFN2 floxed gene was conditionally deleted in the kidney of mice (MFN2 cKO) by Pax2 promoter driven Cre expression (Pax2Cre). MFN2 cKO caused severe mitochondrial fragmentation in renal epithelial cells that are critical for normal kidney tubular function. However, despite a small (20%) decrease in nephron number, newborn cKO pups had organ or tubular function that did not differ from littermate Cre-negative pups. MFN2 deficiency in proximal tubule epithelial cells in primary culture induced mitochondrial fragmentation but did not significantly alter ATP turnover, maximal mitochondrial oxidative reserve capacity, or the low level of oxygen consumption during cyanide exposure. MFN2 deficiency also did not increase apoptosis of tubule epithelial cells under non-stress conditions. In contrast, metabolic stress caused by ATP depletion exacerbated mitochondrial outer membrane injury and increased apoptosis by 80% in MFN2 deficient vs. control cells. Despite similar stress-induced Bax 6A7 epitope exposure in MFN2 deficient and control cells, MFN2 deficiency significantly increased mitochondrial Bax accumulation and was associated with greater release of both apoptosis inducing factor and cytochrome c. In conclusion, MFN2 deficiency in the kidney causes mitochondrial fragmentation but does not affect kidney or tubular function during development or under non-stress conditions. However, MFN2 deficiency exacerbates renal epithelial cell injury by promoting Bax-mediated mitochondrial outer membrane injury and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Gall
- Renal Section, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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33
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Rodrigues LV, Del Puerto HL, Brant JMC, Leite RC, Vasconcelos AC. Caspase-3/caspase-8, bax and bcl2 in pulps of human primary teeth with physiological root resorption. Int J Paediatr Dent 2012; 22:52-9. [PMID: 21819468 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2011.01157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. Physiological root resorption is a programmed event that takes place in primary teeth leading to elimination of all root structures. The mechanism behind pulp elimination indicates apoptosis, but its pathway has not been well characterised yet. To better understand this event, we evaluated the gene expression of bax, bcl-2, caspase-3 and caspase-8 through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry expression of Caspase-8 and Bax in pulps. METHODS. Samples were split into two groups: pulps from primary teeth with physiological root resorption (n = 40) and control (n =40), pulps from permanent teeth. Samples of each group were split into PCR (n = 20) and immunohistochemistry (n = 20). RESULTS. Pulps from primary teeth showed a higher caspase-3 mRNA level than pulps from permanent teeth. The expression of bax gene was more intense than caspase-8 but both did not show difference between groups. The bcl-2 mRNA level was incipient and similar between groups. Histopath slides did not show any evidence of inflammatory infiltration, which implies that extrinsic via is not likely to be involved. Immunohistochemistry reaction to Bax and Caspase-8 supported PCR results. CONCLUSIONS. Pulp apoptosis is likely to occur via caspase-3 activation through the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana V Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Apoptosis, Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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34
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Iglewski M, Hill JA, Lavandero S, Rothermel BA. Mitochondrial fission and autophagy in the normal and diseased heart. Curr Hypertens Rep 2011; 12:418-25. [PMID: 20865352 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-010-0147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Sustained hypertension promotes structural, functional and metabolic remodeling of cardiomyocyte mitochondria. As long-lived, postmitotic cells, cardiomyocytes turn over mitochondria continuously to compensate for changes in energy demands and to remove damaged organelles. This process involves fusion and fission of existing mitochondria to generate new organelles and separate old ones for degradation via autophagy. Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent proteolytic pathway capable of processing cellular components, including organelles and protein aggregates. Autophagy can be either nonselective or selective and contributes to remodeling of the myocardium under stress. Fission of mitochondria, loss of membrane potential, and ubiquitination are emerging as critical steps that direct selective autophagic degradation of mitochondria. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms controlling mitochondrial dynamics, including fission, fusion, transport, and degradation. Furthermore, it examines recent studies revealing the importance of these processes in normal and diseased heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Iglewski
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8573, USA
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35
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Stamper BD, Mohar I, Kavanagh TJ, Nelson SD. Proteomic analysis of acetaminophen-induced changes in mitochondrial protein expression using spectral counting. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:549-58. [PMID: 21329376 DOI: 10.1021/tx1004198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Comparative proteomic analysis following treatment with acetaminophen (APAP) was performed on two different models of APAP-mediated hepatocellular injury in order to both identify common targets for adduct formation and track drug-induced changes in protein expression. Male C57BL/6 mice were used as a model for APAP-mediated liver injury in vivo, and TAMH cells were used as a model for APAP-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. SEQUEST was unable to identify the precise location of sites of adduction following treatment with APAP in either system. However, semiquantitative analysis of the proteomic data sets using spectral counting revealed a downregulation of P450 isoforms associated with APAP bioactivation and an upregulation of proteins related to the electron transport chain by APAP compared to the control. Both mechanisms are likely compensatory in nature as decreased P450 expression is likely to attenuate toxicity associated with N-acetyl-p-quinoneimine (NAPQI) formation, whereas APAP-induced electron transport chain component upregulation may be an attempt to promote cellular bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan D Stamper
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
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36
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Tanner EA, Blute TA, Brachmann CB, McCall K. Bcl-2 proteins and autophagy regulate mitochondrial dynamics during programmed cell death in the Drosophila ovary. Development 2011; 138:327-38. [PMID: 21177345 DOI: 10.1242/dev.057943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Bcl-2 family has been shown to regulate mitochondrial dynamics during cell death in mammals and C. elegans, but evidence for this in Drosophila has been elusive. Here, we investigate the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics during germline cell death in the Drosophila melanogaster ovary. We find that mitochondria undergo a series of events during the progression of cell death, with remodeling, cluster formation and uptake of clusters by somatic follicle cells. These mitochondrial dynamics are dependent on caspases, the Bcl-2 family, the mitochondrial fission and fusion machinery, and the autophagy machinery. Furthermore, Bcl-2 family mutants show a striking defect in cell death in the ovary. These data indicate that a mitochondrial pathway is a major mechanism for activation of cell death in Drosophila oogenesis.
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37
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Swerdlow RH. Role and treatment of mitochondrial DNA-related mitochondrial dysfunction in sporadic neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2011; 17:3356-73. [PMID: 21902672 PMCID: PMC3351798 DOI: 10.2174/138161211798072535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several sporadic neurodegenerative diseases display phenomena that directly or indirectly relate to mitochondrial function. Data suggesting altered mitochondrial function in these diseases could arise from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are reviewed. Approaches for manipulating mitochondrial function and minimizing the downstream consequences of mitochondrial dysfunction are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell H Swerdlow
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, 66160, USA.
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38
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Wei L, Lu N, Dai Q, Rong J, Chen Y, Li Z, You Q, Guo Q. Different apoptotic effects of wogonin via induction of H2O2 generation and Ca2+ overload in malignant hepatoma and normal hepatic cells. J Cell Biochem 2010; 111:1629-41. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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