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Gao M, Dong C, Chen Z, Jiang R, Shaw P, Gao W, Sun Y. Different impact of short-term and long-term hindlimb disuse on bone homeostasis. Gene 2024; 918:148457. [PMID: 38641071 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Disuse osteoporosis is one of the major problems of bone health which commonly occurs in astronauts during long-term spaceflight and bedridden patients. However, the mechanisms underlying such mechanical unloading induced bone loss have not been fully understood. In this study, we employed hindlimb-unloading mice models with different length of tail suspension to investigate if the bone loss was regulated by distinct factors under different duration of disuse. Our micro-CT results showed more significant decrease of bone mass in 6W (6-week) tail-suspension mice compared to the 1W (1-week) tail-suspension ones, as indicated by greater reduction of BV/TV, Tb.N, B.Ar/T.Ar and Ct.Th. RNA-sequencing results showed significant effects of hindlimb disuse on cell locomotion and immune system process which could cause bone loss.Real-time quantitative PCR results indicated a greater number of bone formation related genes that were downregulated in short-term tail-suspension mice compared to the long-term ones. It is, thus, suggested while sustained hindlimb unloading continuously contributes to bone loss, molecular regulation of bone homeostasis tends to reach a balance during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chengji Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Zhuliu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Renhao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Peter Shaw
- Oujiang Lab, Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Weiyang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
| | - Yuanna Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China.
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2
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Wu M, Wu S, Chen W, Li YP. The roles and regulatory mechanisms of TGF-β and BMP signaling in bone and cartilage development, homeostasis and disease. Cell Res 2024; 34:101-123. [PMID: 38267638 PMCID: PMC10837209 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-023-00918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) and bone morphometric proteins (BMPs) belong to the TGF-β superfamily and perform essential functions during osteoblast and chondrocyte lineage commitment and differentiation, skeletal development, and homeostasis. TGF-βs and BMPs transduce signals through SMAD-dependent and -independent pathways; specifically, they recruit different receptor heterotetramers and R-Smad complexes, resulting in unique biological readouts. BMPs promote osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and chondrogenesis at all differentiation stages, while TGF-βs play different roles in a stage-dependent manner. BMPs and TGF-β have opposite functions in articular cartilage homeostasis. Moreover, TGF-β has a specific role in maintaining the osteocyte network. The precise activation of BMP and TGF-β signaling requires regulatory machinery at multiple levels, including latency control in the matrix, extracellular antagonists, ubiquitination and phosphorylation in the cytoplasm, nucleus-cytoplasm transportation, and transcriptional co-regulation in the nuclei. This review weaves the background information with the latest advances in the signaling facilitated by TGF-βs and BMPs, and the advanced understanding of their diverse physiological functions and regulations. This review also summarizes the human diseases and mouse models associated with disordered TGF-β and BMP signaling. A more precise understanding of the BMP and TGF-β signaling could facilitate the development of bona fide clinical applications in treating bone and cartilage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengrui Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shali Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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3
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Zhao D, Saiding Q, Li Y, Tang Y, Cui W. Bone Organoids: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302088. [PMID: 38079529 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Bone defects stemming from tumorous growths, traumatic events, and diverse conditions present a profound conundrum in clinical practice and research. While bone has the inherent ability to regenerate, substantial bone anomalies require bone regeneration techniques. Bone organoids represent a new concept in this field, involving the 3D self-assembly of bone-associated stem cells guided in vitro with or without extracellular matrix material, resulting in a tissue that mimics the structural, functional, and genetic properties of native bone tissue. Within the scientific panorama, bone organoids ascend to an esteemed status, securing significant experimental endorsement. Through a synthesis of current literature and pioneering studies, this review offers a comprehensive survey of the bone organoid paradigm, delves into the quintessential architecture and ontogeny of bone, and highlights the latest progress in bone organoid fabrication. Further, existing challenges and prospective directions for future research are identified, advocating for interdisciplinary collaboration to fully harness the potential of this burgeoning domain. Conclusively, as bone organoid technology continues to mature, its implications for both clinical and research landscapes are poised to be profound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Qimanguli Saiding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yunkai Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
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Leser JM, Torre OM, Gould NR, Guo Q, Buck HV, Kodama J, Otsuru S, Stains JP. Osteoblast-lineage calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase 2 delta and gamma regulates bone mass and quality. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304492120. [PMID: 37976259 PMCID: PMC10666124 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304492120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regulates its mass and quality in response to diverse mechanical, hormonal, and local signals. The bone anabolic or catabolic responses to these signals are often received by osteocytes, which then coordinate the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts on bone surfaces. We previously established that calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase 2 (CaMKII) is required for osteocytes to respond to some bone anabolic cues in vitro. However, a role for CaMKII in bone physiology in vivo is largely undescribed. Here, we show that conditional codeletion of the most abundant isoforms of CaMKII (delta and gamma) in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes [Ocn-cre:Camk2d/Camk2g double-knockout (dCKO)] caused severe osteopenia in both cortical and trabecular compartments by 8 wk of age. In addition to having less bone mass, dCKO bones are of worse quality, with significant deficits in mechanical properties, and a propensity to fracture. This striking skeletal phenotype is multifactorial, including diminished osteoblast activity, increased osteoclast activity, and altered phosphate homeostasis both systemically and locally. These dCKO mice exhibited decreased circulating phosphate (hypophosphatemia) and increased expression of the phosphate-regulating hormone fibroblast growth factor 23. Additionally, dCKO mice expressed less bone-derived tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase protein than control mice. Consistent with altered phosphate homeostasis, we observed that dCKO bones were hypo-mineralized with prominent osteoid seams, analogous to the phenotypes of mice with hypophosphatemia. Altogether, these data reveal a fundamental role for osteocyte CaMKIIδ and CaMKIIγ in the maintenance of bone mass and bone quality and link osteoblast/osteocyte CaMKII to phosphate homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna M. Leser
- Department of Othopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Olivia M. Torre
- Department of Othopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Nicole R. Gould
- Department of Othopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Qiaoyue Guo
- Department of Othopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Heather V. Buck
- Department of Othopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Joe Kodama
- Department of Othopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Satoru Otsuru
- Department of Othopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
| | - Joseph P. Stains
- Department of Othopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21201
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Yang X, Mai YX, Wei L, Peng LY, Pang FX, Wang LJ, Li ZP, Zhang JF, Jin AM. MLK3 silence suppressed osteogenic differentiation and delayed bone formation via influencing the bone metabolism and disturbing MAPK signaling. J Orthop Translat 2023; 38:98-105. [PMCID: PMC9619354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-xin Mai
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Wei
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-yang Peng
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng-xiang Pang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-jun Wang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-peng Li
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding author. Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China. Tel: +86 13724839892.
| | - Jin-fang Zhang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. Tel: +86 13802983267.
| | - An-min Jin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Corresponding author. Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Gu Y, Hou T, Qin Y, Dong W. Zoledronate promotes osteoblast differentiation in high-glucose conditions via the p38MAPK pathway. Cell Biol Int 2022; 47:216-227. [PMID: 36193698 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Zoledronate (ZOL) were found to inhibit bone resorption in an animal model of diabetes, high glucose concentrations have been shown to decreased the osteogenesis-related gene expression. But the molecular mechanism by which high glucose levels affect osteoblasts and the effects of ZOL on osteoblast differentiation in a high-glucose environment remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of ZOL on osteoblast differentiation in a high-glucose environment and determine the responsible mechanism. Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay, and cell differentiation was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining for alkaline phosphatase expression, alizarin red staining, cytoskeletal arrangement, and actin fiber formation. Real-time PCR and western blot analyses were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression of p38MAPK, phosphorylated (p)-p38MAPK, CREB, p-CREB, collagen (COL) I, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and RANKL. The results showed that cell proliferation activity did not differ among the groups. But high glucose inhibited osteoblast differentiation; actin fiber formation; and p38MAPK, p-p38MAPK, CREB, p-CREB, COL I, and OPG expression, while promoting RANKL expression. However, we found that treatment with ZOL reversed these effects of high glucose. And further addition of a p38MAPK inhibitor led to inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and actin fiber formation, and lower p38MAPK, p-p38MAPK, CREB, p-CREB, COL I, and OPG expression than in the high glucose +ZOL group with higher RANKL expression than in the high glucose +ZOL group. Collectively, this study demonstrates that high glucose inhibits the differentiation of osteoblasts, and ZOL could partly overcome these effects by regulating p38MAPK pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Gu
- School of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Tian Hou
- School of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yazhi Qin
- School of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Wei Dong
- School of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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Ye X, Jiang J, Yang J, Yan W, Jiang L, Chen Y. Specnuezhenide suppresses diabetes-induced bone loss by inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1080-1089. [PMID: 35929595 PMCID: PMC9827798 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes osteoporosis is a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is associated with osteoclast formation and enhanced bone resorption. Specnuezhenide (SPN) is an active compound with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. However, the roles of SPN in diabetic osteoporosis remain unknown. In this study, primary bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) were pretreated with SPN and were stimulated with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL; 50 ng/mL) to induce osteoclastogenesis. The number of osteoclasts was detected by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. The protein levels of cellular oncogene fos/nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (c-Fos/NFATc1), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were evaluated by western blot analysis. NF-κB luciferase assays were used to examine the role of SPN in NF-κB activation. The DM model group received a high-glucose, high-fat diet and was then intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ). Micro-CT scanning, serum biochemical analysis, histological analysis were used to assess bone loss. We found that SPN suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and that SPN inhibited the expression of osteoclast-related genes and c-Fos/ NFATc1. SPN inhibited RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPKs. In vivo experiments revealed that SPN suppressed diabetes-induced bone loss and the number of osteoclasts. Furthermore, SPN decreased the levels of bone turnover markers and increased the levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteoprotegerin (OPG), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). SPN also regulated diabetes-related markers. This study suggests that SPN suppresses diabetes-induced bone loss by inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, and provides an experimental basis for the treatment of diabetic osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Yang
- />Department of Nephrologythe Affiliated Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210024China
| | - Wenyan Yan
- />Department of Nephrologythe Affiliated Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210024China
| | - Luyue Jiang
- />Department of Nephrologythe Affiliated Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210024China
| | - Yan Chen
- />Department of Nephrologythe Affiliated Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210024China
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Zhang YL, Liu F, Li ZB, He XT, Li X, Wu RX, Sun HH, Ge SH, Chen FM, An Y. Metformin combats high glucose-induced damage to the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells via inhibition of the NPR3-mediated MAPK pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:305. [PMID: 35841070 PMCID: PMC9284897 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High glucose-induced damage to the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) has long been a challenge to periodontal regeneration for diabetic individuals. Metformin is an anti-hyperglycemic drug that exhibits abundant biological activities associated with cell metabolism and downstream tissue regeneration. However, how metformin combats damage to PDLSC osteogenic differentiation under high glucose and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Methods Osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, ALP activity, Alizarin Red staining and quantitative assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. RNA-seq analysis was performed to screen target genes of metformin, and the effects of target genes were confirmed using lentivirus transfection. Western blot analysis was also used to detect the protein level of underlying signaling pathways. Results We found that osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs under high glucose was decreased, and metformin addition enhanced this capacity of differentiation. Furthermore, the results of RNA-seq analysis showed that natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (NPR3) was upregulated in PDLSCs under high glucose and downregulated after metformin addition. When the underlying pathways involved were investigated, we found that upregulation of NPR3 can compromise the metformin-enhanced PDLSC osteogenic differentiation and activate the MAPK pathway (especially the p38 MAPK and Erk1/2 pathway), and that inhibition of the NPR3-mediated p38 MAPK or Erk1/2 pathway enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs under high glucose. Conclusions The present study suggests that metformin may enhance the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs under high glucose via downregulation of NPR3 and inhibition of its downstream MAPK pathway. This is the first report identifying the involvement of NPR3-mediated MAPK pathway in the metformin-enhanced osteogenic differentiation, indicating that NPR3 antagonists, such as metformin, may be feasible therapeutics for periodontal tissue regeneration in diabetic individuals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02992-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Stomatology Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Bang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tao He
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Xin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Hua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Hua Ge
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University and Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration and Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fa-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying An
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Dental Materials and Advanced Manufacture, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, People's Republic of China.
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Kim JH, Kim K, Kim I, Seong S, Koh JT, Kim N. The ATF3-OPG Axis Contributes to Bone Formation by Regulating the Differentiation of Osteoclasts, Osteoblasts, and Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073500. [PMID: 35408860 PMCID: PMC8998270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) has been identified as a negative regulator of osteoblast differentiation in in vitro study. However, it was not associated with osteoblast differentiation in in vivo study. To provide an understanding of the discrepancy between the in vivo and in vitro findings regarding the function of ATF3 in osteoblasts, we investigated the unidentified roles of ATF3 in osteoblast biology. ATF3 enhanced osteoprotegerin (OPG) production, not only in osteoblast precursor cells, but also during osteoblast differentiation and osteoblastic adipocyte differentiation. In addition, ATF3 increased nodule formation in immature osteoblasts and decreased osteoblast-dependent osteoclast formation, as well as the transdifferentiation of osteoblasts to adipocytes. However, all these effects were reversed by the OPG neutralizing antibody. Taken together, these results suggest that ATF3 contributes to bone homeostasis by regulating the differentiation of various cell types in the bone microenvironment, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and adipocytes via inducing OPG production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ha Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Kabsun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Inyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Semun Seong
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Tae Koh
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Department of Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (J.H.K.); (K.K.); (I.K.); (S.S.)
- Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-61-379-2835
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10
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El-Rashidy AA, El Moshy S, Radwan IA, Rady D, Abbass MMS, Dörfer CE, Fawzy El-Sayed KM. Effect of Polymeric Matrix Stiffness on Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: Concise Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2950. [PMID: 34502988 PMCID: PMC8434088 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) have a multi-differentiation potential into specialized cell types, with remarkable regenerative and therapeutic results. Several factors could trigger the differentiation of MSCs into specific lineages, among them the biophysical and chemical characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including its stiffness, composition, topography, and mechanical properties. MSCs can sense and assess the stiffness of extracellular substrates through the process of mechanotransduction. Through this process, the extracellular matrix can govern and direct MSCs' lineage commitment through complex intracellular pathways. Hence, various biomimetic natural and synthetic polymeric matrices of tunable stiffness were developed and further investigated to mimic the MSCs' native tissues. Customizing scaffold materials to mimic cells' natural environment is of utmost importance during the process of tissue engineering. This review aims to highlight the regulatory role of matrix stiffness in directing the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, addressing how MSCs sense and respond to their ECM, in addition to listing different polymeric biomaterials and methods used to alter their stiffness to dictate MSCs' differentiation towards the osteogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiah A. El-Rashidy
- Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.E.M.); (I.A.R.); (D.R.); (M.M.S.A.)
| | - Sara El Moshy
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.E.M.); (I.A.R.); (D.R.); (M.M.S.A.)
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Israa Ahmed Radwan
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.E.M.); (I.A.R.); (D.R.); (M.M.S.A.)
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Dina Rady
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.E.M.); (I.A.R.); (D.R.); (M.M.S.A.)
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. S. Abbass
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.E.M.); (I.A.R.); (D.R.); (M.M.S.A.)
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Christof E. Dörfer
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Karim M. Fawzy El-Sayed
- Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt; (S.E.M.); (I.A.R.); (D.R.); (M.M.S.A.)
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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11
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Chow SKH, Cui C, Cheng KYK, Chim YN, Wang J, Wong CHW, Ng KW, Wong RMY, Cheung WH. Acute Inflammatory Response in Osteoporotic Fracture Healing Augmented with Mechanical Stimulation is Regulated In Vivo through the p38-MAPK Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168720. [PMID: 34445423 PMCID: PMC8395718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-magnitude high-frequency vibration (LMHFV) has previously been reported to modulate the acute inflammatory response of ovariectomy-induced osteoporotic fracture healing. However, the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of LMHFV on the inflammatory response and the role of the p38 MAPK mechanical signaling pathway in macrophages during the healing process. A closed femoral fracture SD rat model was used. In vivo results showed that LMHFV enhanced activation of the p38 MAPK pathway at the fracture site. The acute inflammatory response, expression of inflammatory cytokines, and callus formation were suppressed in vivo by p38 MAPK inhibition. However, LMHFV did not show direct in vitro enhancement effects on the polarization of RAW264.7 macrophage from the M1 to M2 phenotype, but instead promoted macrophage enlargement and transformation to dendritic monocytes. The present study demonstrated that p38 MAPK modulated the enhancement effects of mechanical stimulation in vivo only. LMHFV may not have exerted its enhancement effects directly on macrophage, but the exact mechanism may have taken a different pathway that requires further investigation in the various subsets of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kwoon Ho Chow
- Correspondence: (S.K.H.C.); (W.H.C.); Tel.: +852-3505-1559 (S.K.H.C.); +852-3505-2715 (W.H.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wing Hoi Cheung
- Correspondence: (S.K.H.C.); (W.H.C.); Tel.: +852-3505-1559 (S.K.H.C.); +852-3505-2715 (W.H.C.)
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12
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Naqvi SM, McNamara LM. Stem Cell Mechanobiology and the Role of Biomaterials in Governing Mechanotransduction and Matrix Production for Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:597661. [PMID: 33381498 PMCID: PMC7767888 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.597661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanobiology has underpinned many scientific advances in understanding how biophysical and biomechanical cues regulate cell behavior by identifying mechanosensitive proteins and specific signaling pathways within the cell that govern the production of proteins necessary for cell-based tissue regeneration. It is now evident that biophysical and biomechanical stimuli are as crucial for regulating stem cell behavior as biochemical stimuli. Despite this, the influence of the biophysical and biomechanical environment presented by biomaterials is less widely accounted for in stem cell-based tissue regeneration studies. This Review focuses on key studies in the field of stem cell mechanobiology, which have uncovered how matrix properties of biomaterial substrates and 3D scaffolds regulate stem cell migration, self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation, and activation of specific biological responses. First, we provide a primer of stem cell biology and mechanobiology in isolation. This is followed by a critical review of key experimental and computational studies, which have unveiled critical information regarding the importance of the biophysical and biomechanical cues for stem cell biology. This review aims to provide an informed understanding of the intrinsic role that physical and mechanical stimulation play in regulating stem cell behavior so that researchers may design strategies that recapitulate the critical cues and develop effective regenerative medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Naqvi
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - L M McNamara
- Mechanobiology and Medical Device Research Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Informatics, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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13
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Xu C, Liu H, He Y, Li Y, He X. Endothelial progenitor cells promote osteogenic differentiation in co-cultured with mesenchymal stem cells via the MAPK-dependent pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:537. [PMID: 33308309 PMCID: PMC7731475 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of bone tissue engineering is to regenerate tissue using biomaterials and stem cell-based approaches. Combination of two or more cell types is one of the strategies to promote bone formation. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may enhance the osteogenic properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and promote bone healing; this study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of EPCs on promoting osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. METHODS MSCs and EPCs were isolated and co-cultured in Transwell chambers, the effects of EPCs on the regulation of MSC biological properties were investigated. Real-time PCR array, and western blotting were performed to explore possible signaling pathways involved in osteogenesis. The expression of osteogenesis markers and calcium nodule formation was quantified by qRT-PCR, western blotting, and Alizarin Red staining. RESULTS Results showed that MSCs exhibited greater alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increased calcium mineral deposition significantly when co-cultured with EPCs. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was involved in this process. p38 gene expression and p38 protein phosphorylation levels showed significant upregulation in co-cultured MSCs. Silencing expression of p38 in co-cultured MSCs reduced osteogenic gene expression, protein synthesis, ALP activity, and calcium nodule formation. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest paracrine signaling from EPCs influences the biological function and promotes MSCs osteogenic differentiation. Activation of the p38MAPK pathway may be the key to enhancing MSCs osteogenic differentiation via indirect interactions with EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Xu
- Department of Stomatology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Road, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.,Department of General Dentistry, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Haijie Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Road, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanjia He
- Department of Stomatology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Road, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanqing Li
- Department of Stomatology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Road, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoning He
- Department of Stomatology, The 4th Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Road, Shenyang, 110032, Liaoning, China.
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14
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Ni S, Xiong XB, Ni XY. MgCl2 promotes mouse mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation by activating the p38/Osx/Runx2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:3904-3910. [PMID: 32901870 PMCID: PMC7533493 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium, an important inorganic mineral component in bones, enhances osteoblast adhesion and osteogenic gene expression. Mg2+‑containing hydroxyapatite promotes mouse mesenchymal stem cell (MMSC) osteogenic differentiation. In the present study, MMSCs were cultured in media containing different concentrations of MgCl2 (0 and 20 mM) for different time periods. Western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR were performed to determine the expression levels of phosphorylated (p)‑p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK), the osteoblast‑specific transcription factor Osterix (Osx), runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and p38 downstream genes, such as 27 kDa heat shock protein (hsp27), activating transcription factor 4 (Atf4), myocyte enhancer factor 2C (Mef2c) and CCAAT/enhancer‑binding protein homologous protein (Ddit3). The facilitatory effect of MgCl2 on MMSC osteogenic differentiation was assessed via Alizarin Red staining. The results suggested that MgCl2 increased p38 phosphorylation compared with the control group. Downstream genes of the p38 signaling pathway, including Osx and Runx2, as well as several osteogenesis‑associated downstream target genes, including Hsp27, Atf4, Ddit3 and Mef2c, were significantly upregulated in the Mg2+‑treated group compared with the control group. The increased osteogenic differentiation in the Mg2+‑treated group was significantly attenuated in MMSCs treated with SB203580, a specific inhibitor of the p38 signaling pathway. The results suggested that appropriate concentrations of MgCl2 promoted MMSC osteogenic differentiation via regulation of the p38/Osx/Runx2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ni
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Bo Xiong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, College of Materials, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518086, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ye Ni
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhou K, Wu L, Gu H, Huang Z, Xu J. Downregulation of microRNA‑143 promotes osteogenic differentiation of human adipose‑derived mesenchymal stem cells through the k‑Ras/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:965-976. [PMID: 32582994 PMCID: PMC7388841 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to have regulatory roles in the osteogenic differentiation of various mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), although their regulatory role on human adipose‑derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the biological function and underlying molecular mechanism of miRNAs in regulating the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs using microarray assay. hADSCs differentiated into osteoblasts under culture with osteogenic medium, with an increase observed in calcium deposits and alkaline phosphatase activity. The mRNA levels of bone sialoprotein, osteopontin and osteocalcin increased, whereas Runt‑related transcription factor‑2 expression decreased during osteogenic differentiation. In addition, miR‑143 was markedly downregulated during osteogenic differentiation, while miR‑143 overexpression inhibited and miR‑143 knockdown enhanced this process. miR‑143 overexpression also blocked extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathway activation, while miR‑143 inhibition enhanced it. The promoting effects of miR‑143 knockdown on the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs were partly diminished by the mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MEK) inhibitors U0126 and PD98059. Bioinformatics analysis further revealed that miR‑143 targets k‑Ras and directly binds to the 3'‑untranslated region of its mRNA. Inhibition of miR‑143 enhanced the activation of the k‑Ras/MEK/ERK pathway during osteogenic differentiation, whereas miR‑143 overexpression had the opposite effect. Collectively, these results demonstrated that miR‑143 negatively regulates the osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs through the k‑Ras/MEK/ERK pathway, providing further insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Kaifeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Huijie Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyue Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, P.R. China
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16
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Hong F, Wu S, Zhang C, Li L, Chen J, Fu Y, Wang J. TRPM7 Upregulate the Activity of SMAD1 through PLC Signaling Way to Promote Osteogenesis of hBMSCs. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9458983. [PMID: 32596398 PMCID: PMC7294393 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9458983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TRPM7 is a member of the transient receptor potential cation channel (TRP channel) subfamily M and possesses both an ion channel domain and a functional serine/threonine α-kinase domain. It has been proven to play an essential role in the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). However, the signaling pathway and molecular mechanism for TRPM7 in regulating osteogenic differentiation remain largely unknown. In this study, the potential role and mechanism of TRPM7 in the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs were investigated. The results showed that the expression of TRPM7 mRNA and protein increased, as did the osteogenic induction time. Upregulation or inhibition of TRPM7 could promote or inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs for 14 days. It was also found that the upregulation or inhibition of TRPM7 promoted or inhibited the activity of PLC and SMAD1, respectively, during osteogenic differentiation. PLC could promote osteogenic differentiation by upregulating the activity of SMAD1. However, inhibition of PLC alone could reduce the activity of SMAD1 but not inhibit completely the activation of SMAD1. Therefore, we inferred that it is an important signaling pathway for TRPM7 to upregulate the activity of SMAD1 through PLC and thereby promote the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, but it is not a singular pathway. TRPM7 may also regulate the activation of SMAD1 through other ways, except for PLC, during osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfan Hong
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Shali Wu
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianling Chen
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yong Fu
- Department of ENT, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinfu Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Department of ENT, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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17
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Sun X, Zhang C, Guo H, Chen J, Tao Y, Wang F, Lin X, Liu Q, Su L, Qin A. Pregnenolone Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation and Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Bone Destruction and Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:360. [PMID: 32292342 PMCID: PMC7135856 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone disease is characterized by excessive osteoclast bone resorption leading to increased skeletal fragility and fracture risk. Multinucleated osteoclasts formed through the fusion of mononuclear precursors are the principle cell capable of bone resorption. Pregnenolone (Preg) is the grand precursor of most if not all steroid hormones and have been suggested to be a novel anti-osteoporotic agent. However, the effects of Preg on osteoclast biology and function has yet to be shown. Here we examined the effect of Preg on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro, and potential therapeutic application in inflammatory bone destruction and bone loss in vivo. Our in vitro cellular assays demonstrated that Preg can inhibit the formation of TRAP+ve osteoclast formation as well as mature osteoclast bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of osteoclast marker genes CTSK, TRAP, DC-STAMP, ATP6V0d2, and NFATc1 were markedly attenuated. Biochemical analyses of RANKL-induced signaling pathways showed that Preg inhibited the early activation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB, which consequently impaired the downstream induction of c-Fos and NFATc1. Using reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection assays, we found that Preg exhibits anti-oxidant properties inhibiting the generation of intracellular ROS following RANKL stimulation. Consistent with these in vitro results, we confirmed that Preg protected mice against local Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory bone destruction in vivo by suppressing osteoclast formation. Furthermore, we did not find any observable effect of Preg on osteoblastogenesis and mineralization in vitro. Finally Preg was administered to ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss and demonstrated that Preg prevented systemic OVX-induced osteoporosis. Collectively, our observations provide strong evidence for the use of Preg as anti-osteoclastogenic and anti-resorptive agent for the potential treatment of osteolytic bone conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yali Tao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuxiao Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xixi Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Li Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - An Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Effect of Plastrum Testudinis Extracts on the Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of rBMSCs by Regulating p38 MAPK-Related Genes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6815620. [PMID: 30984279 PMCID: PMC6431499 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6815620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Extracts from plastrum testudinis (PTE) are active compounds that have been used to treat bone diseases in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. In previous studies, we demonstrated their effects on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis both in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanisms by which PTE regulates the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) in vitro remain poorly understood. In this study, rBMSCs were treated with medium (CON), PTE, osteogenic induction (OI), and a combination of PTE and OI (PTE+OI) over a 21-day period. We found that PTE significantly promoted rBMSCs osteogenic differentiation and mineralisation after 21 days of culturing. Moreover, PTE+OI further enhanced the differentiation and mineralisation process. PTE upregulated STE20, IGF1R, and p38 MAPK mRNA expression and downregulated TRAF6 mRNA expression. The extracts inhibited TRAF6 protein expression and promoted STE20, IGF1R, and phosphorylated p38 MAPK protein expression. Our results imply that PTE promotes the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs by upregulating p38 MAPK, STE20, and IGF1R and downregulating TRAF6 expression, which may provide experimental evidence of the potential of PTE in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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19
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Becerra-Bayona SM, Guiza-Arguello VR, Russell B, Höök M, Hahn MS. Influence of collagen-based integrin α 1 and α 2 mediated signaling on human mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis in three dimensional contexts. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2594-2604. [PMID: 29761640 PMCID: PMC7147932 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Collagen I interactions with integrins α1 and α2 are known to support human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) osteogenesis. Nonetheless, elucidating the relative impact of specific integrin interactions has proven challenging, in part due to the complexity of native collagen. In the present work, we employed two collagen-mimetic proteins-Scl2-2 and Scl2-3- to compare the osteogenic effects of integrin α1 versus α2 signaling. Scl2-2 and Scl2-3 were both derived from Scl2-1, a triple helical protein lacking known cell adhesion, cytokine binding, and matrix metalloproteinase sites. However, Scl2-2 and Scl2-3 were each engineered to display distinct collagen-based cell adhesion motifs: GFPGER (binding integrins α1 and α2 ) or GFPGEN (binding only integrin α1 ), respectively. hMSCs were cultured within poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels containing either Scl2-2 or Scl2-3 for 2 weeks. PEG-Scl2-2 gels were associated with increased hMSC osterix expression, osteopontin production, and calcium deposition relative to PEG-Scl2-3 gels. These data indicate that integrin α2 signaling may have an increased osteogenic effect relative to integrin α1 . Since p38 is activated by integrin α2 but not by integrin α1 , hMSCs were further cultured in PEG-Scl2-2 hydrogels in the presence of a p38 inhibitor. Results suggest that p38 activity may play a key role in collagen-supported hMSC osteogenesis. This knowledge can be used toward the rational design of scaffolds which intrinsically promote hMSC osteogenesis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2594-2604, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M Becerra-Bayona
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180
| | - Viviana R Guiza-Arguello
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180
| | - Brooke Russell
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030-3303
| | - Magnus Höök
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University System Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, 77030-3303
| | - Mariah S Hahn
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 12180
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20
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Jin G, Wang FF, Li T, Jia DD, Shen Y, Xu HC. Neogambogic Acid Suppresses Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κB Ligand (RANKL)-Induced Osteoclastogenesis by Inhibiting the JNK and NF-κB Pathways in Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Monocyte/Macrophages. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:2569-2577. [PMID: 29698379 PMCID: PMC5939603 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neogambogic acid (NGA) is used in traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NGA on gene signaling pathways involved in osteoclastogenesis in mouse bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophages (BMMs) and on bone resorption in vitro. Material/Methods Primary mouse BMMs were cultured with increasing concentrations of NGA. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to study the expression of mRNAs corresponding to gene products specific to receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), calcitonin receptor (CTR), cathepsin K (CTSK), and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1). A cell counting kit-8 assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation. Western blotting and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy were used to investigate the signaling pathways. A bone resorption model was used to quantify bone resorption. Results An NGA dose of ≤0.4 μg/ml had no significant effect on the proliferation of mouse BMMs in vitro (P>0.05); concentrations of between 0.1–0.4 μg/ml significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis (P<0.01) in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with the control group, NGA significantly reduced RANKL-induced bone resorption in vitro (P <0.01), and downregulated the expression of osteoclast-related mRNAs of TRAP, CTR, CTSK, and NFATc1. NGA suppressed the activation of JNK but not the p38 signaling pathway and significantly reduced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and the nuclear transport of NF-κB molecules, which inhibited NFATc1 expression. Conclusions NGA suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting the JNK and NF-κB pathways in mouse BMMs in vitro and reduced osteoclastic bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Jin
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Fang-Fang Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Dong-Dong Jia
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Emergency, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Peoples' Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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21
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Expansion of the clinical spectrum of frontometaphyseal dysplasia 2 caused by the recurrent mutation p.Pro485Leu in MAP3K7. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 61:612-615. [PMID: 29660408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Frontometaphyseal dysplasia 2 (FMD2) is a skeletal dysplasia with supraorbital hyperostosis combined with undermodeling of the bones, joint contractures and some extraskeletal features. It is caused by heterozygous mutations in MAP3K7, encoding the Mitogen-Activated Protein 3-Kinase 7. MAP3K7 is activated by TGF-β and plays an important role in osteogenesis. Less than 20 patients with FMD2 and MAP3K7 mutations have been described thus far. The majority of the patients harbor a recurrent missense mutation, NM_003188.3: c.1454C > T [NP_003179.1: p.(Pro485Leu)], which leads to a more severe phenotype than mutations in other domains. Here we describe an additional patient with FMD2 caused by the recurrent c.1454C > T MAP3K7 mutation, identified as a de novo variant by whole-genome sequencing. The 17-year-old boy has the characteristic skeletal and facial features of FMD2. However, some novel features were also observed, including growth retardation and spina bifida occulta. In line with other patients harboring the same mutation he also showed keloid scars and had no intellectual disability. This report expands the clinical spectrum of FMD2 caused by the recurrent c.1454C > T [p.(Pro485Leu)] mutation in MAP3K7.
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22
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Vibration loading promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells via p38 MAPK signaling pathway. J Biomech 2018; 71:67-75. [PMID: 29503016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Low magnitude high frequency vibration (LMHFV) exhibits effectively anabolic effects on the bone tissue, and can promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro. The role of p38 MAPK signaling in LMHFV-induced osteogenesis remains unclear. In this current study, LMHFV loading was applied to BMSCs in vitro, and cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), matrix mineralization, as well as osteogenic genes expression were assayed. The mechanism of mechanical signal transduction was analysed using PCR array, qRT-PCR and Western blot. LMHFV increased cell proliferation in the growth medium, while inhibited proliferation in the osteogenic medium. ALP activity, matrix mineralization and osteogenic genes expression of Runx2, Col-I, ALP, OPN and OC were increased by LMHFV. p38 and MKK6 genes expression, and p38 phosphorylation were promoted in LMHFV-induced osteogenesis. Inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB203580 and targeted p38 siRNA blunted the increased ALP activity and osteogenic genes expression by LMHFV. These findings suggest that LMHFV promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, and p38 MAPK signaling shows an important function in LMHFV-induced osteogenesis.
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23
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Zhou K, Ren X, Zhao M, Mei X, Zhang P, Chen Z, Zhu X. Promoting proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs by green tea polyphenols functionalized porous calcium phosphate. Regen Biomater 2018; 5:35-41. [PMID: 29423266 PMCID: PMC5798040 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we proposed a facile protocol to functionalize porous calcium phosphate ceramics (PCPC) using dietary tea polyphenols (TP). TP molecules was attracted and anchored by Ca2+ ions from the surface of CPC. These TP molecules modulated the nucleation and crystallization of calcium phosphate nanorods assemblies on the surface of PCPC. Our results prove that these calcium phosphate nanorods assemblies accompanies functional groups of TP make PCPC/TP effectively promote proliferation and differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). We inferred that these calcium phosphate nanorods assemblies might change the surface microenvironment of PCPC, which is critical to promote the proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs. Compared with naked PCPC, PCPC/TP obviously increased BMP2, ErK/MAPK and JNK/MAPK level and mineralization capacity of cells (ALP level).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhou
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China and
| | - Xiuli Ren
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China and
| | - Mengen Zhao
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China and
| | - Xifan Mei
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China and
| | - Peng Zhang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China and
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People’s Republic of China and
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
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24
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Takeno A, Kanazawa I, Notsu M, Tanaka KI, Sugimoto T. Glucose uptake inhibition decreases expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteocalcin in osteocytic MLO-Y4-A2 cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E115-E123. [PMID: 29018002 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00159.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bone and glucose metabolism are closely associated with each other. Both osteoblast and osteoclast functions are important for the action of osteocalcin, which plays pivotal roles as an endocrine hormone regulating glucose metabolism. However, it is unknown whether osteocytes are involved in the interaction between bone and glucose metabolism. We used MLO-Y4-A2, a murine long bone-derived osteocytic cell line, to investigate effects of glucose uptake inhibition on expressions of osteocalcin and bone-remodeling modulators in osteocytes. We found that glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is expressed in MLO-Y4-A2 cells and that treatment with phloretin, a GLUT inhibitor, significantly inhibited glucose uptake. Real-time PCR and Western blot showed that phloretin significantly and dose-dependently decreased the expressions of RANKL and osteocalcin, whereas osteoprotegerin or sclerostin was not affected. Moreover, phloretin activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an intracellular energy sensor. Coincubation of ara-A, an AMPK inhibitor, with phloretin canceled the phloretin-induced decrease in osteocalcin expression, but not RANKL. In contrast, phloretin suppressed phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 MAPK, and treatments with the p38 inhibitor SB203580 and the MEK inhibitor PD98059, but not the JNK inhibitor SP600125, significantly decreased expressions of RANKL and osteocalcin. These results indicate that glucose uptake by GLUT1 is required for RANKL and osteocalcin expressions in osteocytes, and that inhibition of glucose uptake decreases their expressions through AMPK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK pathways. These findings suggest that lowering glucose uptake into osteocytes may contribute to maintain blood glucose levels by decreasing osteocalcin expression and RANKL-induced bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Takeno
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane , Japan
| | - Ippei Kanazawa
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane , Japan
| | - Masakazu Notsu
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane , Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Tanaka
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane , Japan
| | - Toshitsugu Sugimoto
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane , Japan
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25
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Qian ZJ, Ryu B, Kang KH, Heo SJ, Kang DH, Bae SY, Park SJ, Kim JI, Kim YM, Kim YT, Jung WK. Cellular properties of the fermented microalgae Pavlova lutheri and its isolated active peptide in osteoblastic differentiation of MG‑63 cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2044-2050. [PMID: 29257215 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented microalgae Pavlova lutheri (P. lutheri), the product of Hansenula polymorpha fermentation, exhibited an increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in MG‑63 osteoblastic cells when compared to that of non‑fermented P. lutheri. Fractionation of the fermented P. lutheri resulted in identification of the active peptide [peptide of P. lutheri fermentation (PPLF)] with the sequence of EPQWFL. PPLF significantly increased ALP release from MG‑63 cells and mineralization in a dose‑dependent manner. In addition, the intracellular levels of ALP and osteocalcin (OCN) proteins were augmented by PPLF treatment. To identify the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of PPLF on osteoblastic differentiation, the phosphorylation levels of the mitogen‑activated protein kinases, p38, extracellular signal‑regulated kinases 1/2 and Jun, and nuclear factor (NF)‑κB were determined following PPLF treatment and the differences in expression were analyzed using p38 and NF‑κB selective inhibitors. These results concluded that PPLF from fermented P. lutheri induced osteoblastic differentiation by increasing ALP and OCN release in MG‑63 cells via the p38/p65 signaling pathway, indicating that PPLF supplement may be effective for therapeutic application in the field of bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ji Qian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Products of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, P.R. China
| | - Bomi Ryu
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kyong-Hwa Kang
- Marine Bioprocess Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research and Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research and Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Jeju 63349, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yong Bae
- Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Systems Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Il Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, North Jeolla 573‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, and Center for Marine‑Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus) and Marine‑Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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26
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Zhang C, Hong FF, Wang CC, Li L, Chen JL, Liu F, Quan RF, Wang JF. TRIB3 inhibits proliferation and promotes osteogenesis in hBMSCs by regulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10342. [PMID: 28871113 PMCID: PMC5583332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) is regulated by various factors, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), Notch, growth hormones and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3), a pseudokinase, plays an important role in cancer cells and adipocytes. However, TRIB3 function in osteogenic differentiation is unknown, although it is involved in regulating signaling pathways associated with osteogenic differentiation. Here, we found that TRIB3 was highly expressed during osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs. Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) resulted in a significant decrease in TRIB3 expression, and expression of TRIB3 was restored by increasing insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) via activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling. TRIB3 knock-down enhanced proliferation and decreased osteogenic differentiation at the middle stage of differentiation, and these effects were reversed by inhibiting the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2. In conclusion, TRIB3 plays an important role in proliferation and osteogenic differentiation by regulating ERK1/2 activity at the middle stage of differentiation, and expression of TRIB3 is regulated by FAK in a PI3K/AKT-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Fan-Fan Hong
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Cui-Cui Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ling Chen
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Fu Quan
- Institute of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, P. R. China.
| | - Jin-Fu Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China.
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27
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Torre E. Molecular signaling mechanisms behind polyphenol-induced bone anabolism. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2017; 16:1183-1226. [PMID: 29200988 PMCID: PMC5696504 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
For millennia, in the different cultures all over the world, plants have been extensively used as a source of therapeutic agents with wide-ranging medicinal applications, thus becoming part of a rational clinical and pharmacological investigation over the years. As bioactive molecules, plant-derived polyphenols have been demonstrated to exert many effects on human health by acting on different biological systems, thus their therapeutic potential would represent a novel approach on which natural product-based drug discovery and development could be based in the future. Many reports have provided evidence for the benefits derived from the dietary supplementation of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Polyphenols are able to protect the bone, thanks to their antioxidant properties, as well as their anti-inflammatory actions by involving diverse signaling pathways, thus leading to bone anabolic effects and decreased bone resorption. This review is meant to summarize the research works performed so far, by elucidating the molecular mechanisms of action of polyphenols in a bone regeneration context, aiming at a better understanding of a possible application in the development of medical devices for bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Torre
- Nobil Bio Ricerche srl, Via Valcastellana, 26, 14037 Portacomaro, AT Italy
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28
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Cong Q, Jia H, Li P, Qiu S, Yeh J, Wang Y, Zhang ZL, Ao J, Li B, Liu H. p38α MAPK regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoclast progenitors and bone remodeling in an aging-dependent manner. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45964. [PMID: 28382965 PMCID: PMC5382695 DOI: 10.1038/srep45964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone mass is determined by the balance between bone formation, carried out by mesenchymal stem cell-derived osteoblasts, and bone resorption, carried out by monocyte-derived osteoclasts. Here we investigated the potential roles of p38 MAPKs, which are activated by growth factors and cytokines including RANKL and BMPs, in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by ablating p38α MAPK in LysM+monocytes. p38α deficiency promoted monocyte proliferation but regulated monocyte osteoclastic differentiation in a cell-density dependent manner, with proliferating p38α−/− cultures showing increased differentiation. While young mutant mice showed minor increase in bone mass, 6-month-old mutant mice developed osteoporosis, associated with an increase in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption and an increase in the pool of monocytes. Moreover, monocyte-specific p38α ablation resulted in a decrease in bone formation and the number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, likely due to decreased expression of PDGF-AA and BMP2. The expression of PDGF-AA and BMP2 was positively regulated by the p38 MAPK-Creb axis in osteoclasts, with the promoters of PDGF-AA and BMP2 having Creb binding sites. These findings uncovered the molecular mechanisms by which p38α MAPK regulates osteoclastogenesis and coordinates osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cong
- Dept. of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular cellular Biology Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, 280 Chongqing Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ping Li
- Dept. of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shoutao Qiu
- Dept. of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - James Yeh
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine and Physiology, Molecular Biology Institute, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA90095, USA
| | - Zhen-Lin Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junping Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Dept. of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Dept. of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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29
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Luo J, Zhong Y, Huang S, Li L, Zhang C, Zou X. Ginkgolide B enhances the differentiation of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells through VEGF: Involvement of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4787-4794. [PMID: 27748928 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolide B (GB) is one of the ginkgolides isolated from the leaves of the Ginkgo biloba tree. Our previous study indicated that GB promotes the proliferation, migration and adhesion of endothelial progenitor cells, and the induction of angiogenesis through vascular endothelial factor (VEGF). In the present study, the effects of GB on the differentiation of MC3T3‑E1 cells and the signaling pathway involved were investigated in vitro. The MC3T3‑E1 cell viability activities were assessed using an MTS assay. Measurements of alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin Red staining were used to identify osteoblastic differentiation of the MC3T3‑E1 cells. The mRNA and secretion levels of VEGF were detected using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. The protein expression levels of phosphorylation‑associated markers were detected using western blot analysis and associated gene expression was determined using RT‑qPCR analysis. It was found that GB significantly promoted alkaline phosphatase activity and osteoblastic mineralization in the MC3T3‑E1 cells. In addition, the mRNA expression and secretion levels of VEGF in the MC3T3‑E1 cells were significantly increased in MC3T3‑E1 cells treated with GB. SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 mitogen‑activated protein (MAP) kinase, markedly suppressed the GB‑induced p38 kinase phosphorylation and GB‑induced synthesis of VEGF. PD98059, an inhibitor of the upstream kinase, which activates p44/p42 MAP kinase, had minimal effect on the GB‑induced phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase or the GB‑induced synthesis of VEGF. Taken together, these results indicated that GB promoted osteoblastic differentiation of the MC3T3‑E1 cells through VEGF, and that the p38, but not the p44/p42 MAP kinase signaling pathway, was involved in the GB‑induced synthesis of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaquan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Liangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing 102206, P.R. China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‑Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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30
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Rodríguez-Carballo E, Gámez B, Ventura F. p38 MAPK Signaling in Osteoblast Differentiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:40. [PMID: 27200351 PMCID: PMC4858538 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is a highly dynamic tissue whose structure relies on the balance between bone deposition and resorption. This equilibrium, which depends on osteoblast and osteoclast functions, is controlled by multiple factors that can be modulated post-translationally. Some of the modulators are Mitogen-activated kinases (MAPKs), whose role has been studied in vivo and in vitro. p38-MAPK modifies the transactivation ability of some key transcription factors in chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which affects their differentiation and function. Several commercially available inhibitors have helped to determine p38 action on these processes. Although it is frequently mentioned in the literature, this chemical approach is not always as accurate as it should be. Conditional knockouts are a useful genetic tool that could unravel the role of p38 in shaping the skeleton. In this review, we will summarize the state of the art on p38 activity during osteoblast differentiation and function, and emphasize the triggers of this MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Gámez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona and IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona and IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Thouverey C, Caverzasio J. Suppression of p38α MAPK Signaling in Osteoblast Lineage Cells Impairs Bone Anabolic Action of Parathyroid Hormone. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:985-93. [PMID: 26643857 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent parathyroid hormone administration (iPTH) increases bone mass and strength by stimulating osteoblast number and activity. PTH exerts its anabolic effects through cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes. Here, we show that inactivation of the p38α MAPK-encoding gene with the use of an osteocalcin-cre transgene prevents iPTH bone anabolic action. Indeed, iPTH fails to increase insulin-like growth factor 1 expression, osteoblast number and activity, and bone formation in mice lacking p38α in osteoblasts and osteocytes. Moreover, iPTH-induced expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and subsequent increased bone resorption are suppressed in those mice. Finally, we found that PTH activates p38α MAPK downstream of cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in mature osteoblasts. Our findings identify p38α MAPK as a key component of PTH signaling in osteoblast lineage cells and highlight its requirement in iPTH osteoanabolic activity. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Thouverey
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Caverzasio
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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32
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Cong Q, Jia H, Biswas S, Li P, Qiu S, Deng Q, Guo X, Ma G, Ling Chau JF, Wang Y, Zhang ZL, Jiang X, Liu H, Li B. p38α MAPK Regulates Lineage Commitment and OPG Synthesis of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells to Prevent Bone Loss under Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:566-578. [PMID: 26947973 PMCID: PMC4834033 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) are capable of differentiating into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Skewed differentiation of BM-MSCs contributes to the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Yet how BM-MSC lineage commitment is regulated remains unclear. We show that ablation of p38α in Prx1+ BM-MSCs produced osteoporotic phenotypes, growth plate defects, and increased bone marrow fat, secondary to biased BM-MSC differentiation from osteoblast/chondrocyte to adipocyte and increased osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. p38α regulates BM-MSC osteogenic commitment through TAK1-NF-κB signaling and osteoclastogenesis through osteoprotegerin (OPG) production by BM-MSCs. Estrogen activates p38α to maintain OPG expression in BM-MSCs to preserve the bone. Ablation of p38α in BM-MSCs positive for Dermo1, a later BM-MSC marker, only affected osteogenic differentiation. Thus, p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in Prx1+ BM-MSCs acts to preserve the bone by promoting osteogenic lineage commitment and sustaining OPG production. This study thus unravels previously unidentified roles for p38α MAPK in skeletal development and bone remodeling. p38α deletion in Prx1+ BM-MSCs led to osteoporosis and cartilage anomaly p38α controls proliferation and tri-lineage differentiation of Prx1+ BM-MSCs p38α regulates osteoclastogenesis through OPG production by BM-MSCs The BM-MSC p38-OPG axis participates in estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cong
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Soma Biswas
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shoutao Qiu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qi Deng
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xizhi Guo
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gang Ma
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | | | - Yibin Wang
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine and Physiology, Molecular Biology Institute, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhen-Lin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Oral Bioengineering and Regenerative Medicine Lab, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Baojie Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.
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Chen X, Wang J, Chen Y, Cai H, Yang X, Zhu X, Fan Y, Zhang X. Roles of calcium phosphate-mediated integrin expression and MAPK signaling pathways in the osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:2280-2289. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00349d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BCP ceramics mediated MSC's integrin expression to realize “outside-in signaling” transduction and then activated MAPK signaling to induce osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Ying Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Hanxu Cai
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Yujiang Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Xingdong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
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Yang ZH, Wu BL, Ye C, Jia S, Yang XJ, Hou R, Lei DL, Wang L. Targeting P38 Pathway Regulates Bony Formation via MSC Recruitment during Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis in Rats. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:783-789. [PMID: 27766028 PMCID: PMC5069414 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.16663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a widely used self-tissue engineering. However, complications and discomfort due to the long treatment period are still the bottleneck of DO. Novel strategies to accelerate bone formation in DO are still needed. P38 is capable of regulating the osteogenic differentiation of both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts, which are crucial to bone regeneration. However, it is not clear whether targeting p38 could regulate bony formation in DO. The purpose of the current work was to investigate the effects of local application of either p38 agonist anisomycin or p38 inhibitor SB203580 in a rat model of DO. 30 adult rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: (A) rats injected with DMSO served as the control group; (B) rats injected with p38 agonist anisomycin; (C) rats injected with p38 inhibitor SB203580. All the rats were subjected to mandibular distraction and the injection was performed daily during this period. The distracted mandibles were harvested on days 15 and 30 after surgery and subjected to the following analysis. Micro-computed tomography and histological evaluation results showed that local application of p38 agonist anisomycin increased new bone formation in DO, whereas p38 inhibitor SB203580 decreased it. Immunohistochemical analysis suggested that anisomycin promoted MSC recruitment in the distraction gap. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that local application of p38 agonist anisomycin can increase new bone formation during DO. This study may lead to a novel cell-based strategy for the improvement of bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Bao-Lei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Sen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Xin-Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Rui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - De-Lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, the Fourth Military Medical University, China.; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial-Head & Neck Oncology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
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Thouverey C, Caverzasio J. Ablation of p38α MAPK Signaling in Osteoblast Lineage Cells Protects Mice From Bone Loss Induced by Estrogen Deficiency. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4377-87. [PMID: 26441240 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency causes bone loss by increasing the number of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Selective p38α MAPK inhibitors prevent bone-wasting effects of estrogen withdrawal but implicated mechanisms remain to be identified. Here, we show that inactivation of the p38α-encoding gene in osteoblast lineage cells with the use of an osteocalcin-cre transgene protects mice from ovariectomy-induced bone loss (a murine model of postmenopausal osteoporosis). Ovariectomy fails to induce bone loss, increase bone resorption, and stimulate receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and IL-6 expression in mice lacking p38α in osteoblasts and osteocytes. Finally, TNFα or IL-1, which are osteoclastogenic cytokines overproduced in the bone marrow under estrogen deficiency, can activate p38α signaling in osteoblasts, but those cytokines cannot enhance Rankl and Il6 expressions or increase osteoclast formation in p38a-deficient osteoblast cultures. These findings demonstrate that p38α MAPK signaling in osteoblast lineage cells mediates ovariectomy-induced bone loss by up-regulating receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and IL-6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Thouverey
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Caverzasio
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Li CJ, Madhu V, Balian G, Dighe AS, Cui Q. Cross-Talk Between VEGF and BMP-6 Pathways Accelerates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2671-82. [PMID: 25753222 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) results in fracture non-unions. Therefore, it is indispensable to comprehend the combined effect of VEGF and BMPs on the osteogenic differentiation of osteoprogenitor mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are either naturally occurring at the fracture repair site or exogenously added to enhance the bone repair. We found that the combination of VEGF and BMP-6 enhanced COL1A2 expression, which correlated with upregulated expression of osterix, Dlx5, and Msx2 in human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). Cross-talk between VEGF and BMP-6 pathways upregulated activation of p38 mitogen-activated kinase (p38 MAPK) and inhibited activation of protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt), whereas phosphorylation of "mothers against decapentaplegic" homologs 1/5/8 (Smads 1/5/8) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK 1/2) was not affected. Consistent with these findings, p38 inhibitor SB203580, or siRNA knockdown of osterix, abrogated crosstalk between the VEGF and BMP-6 pathways and significantly reduced the observed upregulation of COL1A2. Nuclear translocation of the phosphorylated form of osterix was also inhibited by SB203580. Although crosstalk between the VEGF-BMP-6 pathways did not show an effect on the extent of mineralization, inhibition of any one of the three components that were upregulated through the cross-talk, i.e., osterix, Dlx5, and p38 activation, led to a complete inhibition of mineralization. Inhibition of PKB/Akt activation, which is attenuated through the cross-talk, significantly enhanced ALP gene expression. These observations imply that crosstalk between the VEGF and BMP-6 signaling pathways enhances osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ju Li
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Vedavathi Madhu
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Gary Balian
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Abhijit S Dighe
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Quanjun Cui
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Focus on the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in bone development and maintenance. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:711. [PMID: 26131361 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway can be activated in response to a wide range of extracellular signals. As a consequence, it can generate many different biological effects that depend on the stimulus and on the activated cell type. Therefore, this pathway has been found to regulate many aspects of tissue development and homeostasis. Recent work with the aid of genetically modified mice has highlighted the physiological functions of this pathway in skeletogenesis and postnatal bone maintenance. In this review, emphasis is given to the roles of the p38 MAPK pathway in chondrocyte, osteoblast and osteoclast biology. In particular, we describe the molecular mechanisms of p38 MAPK activation and downstream targets. The requirement of this pathway in physiological bone development and homeostasis is demonstrated by the ability of p38 MAPK to regulate master transcription factors controlling geneses and functions of chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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Rodríguez-Carballo E, Gámez B, Méndez-Lucas A, Sánchez-Freutrie M, Zorzano A, Bartrons R, Alcántara S, Perales JC, Ventura F. p38α function in osteoblasts influences adipose tissue homeostasis. FASEB J 2014; 29:1414-25. [PMID: 25550462 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-261891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The skeleton acts as an endocrine organ that regulates energy metabolism and calcium and phosphorous homeostasis through the secretion of osteocalcin (Oc) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). However, evidence suggests that osteoblasts secrete additional unknown factors that contribute to the endocrine function of bone. To search for these additional factors, we generated mice with a conditional osteoblast-specific deletion of p38α MAPK known to display profound defects in bone homeostasis. Herein, we show that impaired osteoblast function is associated with a strong decrease in body weight and adiposity (P < 0.01). The differences in adiposity were not associated with diminished caloric intake, but rather reflected 20% increased energy expenditure and the up-regulation of uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp1) in white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) (P < 0.05). These alterations in lipid metabolism and energy expenditure were correlated with a decrease in the blood levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) (40% lower) rather than changes in the serum levels of insulin, Oc, or FGF23. Among all Npy-expressing tissues, only bone and primary osteoblasts showed a decline in Npy expression (P < 0.01). Moreover, the intraperitoneal administration of recombinant NPY partially restored the WAT weight and adipocyte size of p38α-deficient mice (P < 0.05). Altogether, these results further suggest that, in addition to Oc, other bone-derived signals affect WAT and energy expenditure contributing to the regulation of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Rodríguez-Carballo
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gámez
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Méndez-Lucas
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Sánchez-Freutrie
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramon Bartrons
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Soledad Alcántara
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Perales
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- *Departamente de Ciències Fisiològiques II and and Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain; and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Rodríguez-Carballo E, Gámez B, Sedó-Cabezón L, Sánchez-Feutrie M, Zorzano A, Manzanares-Céspedes C, Rosa JL, Ventura F. The p38α MAPK function in osteoprecursors is required for bone formation and bone homeostasis in adult mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102032. [PMID: 25007355 PMCID: PMC4090229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND p38 MAPK activity plays an important role in several steps of the osteoblast lineage progression through activation of osteoblast-specific transcription factors and it is also essential for the acquisition of the osteoblast phenotype in early development. Although reports indicate p38 signalling plays a role in early skeletal development, its specific contributions to adult bone remodelling are still to be clarified. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We evaluated osteoblast-specific deletion of p38α to determine its significance in early skeletogenesis, as well as for bone homeostasis in adult skeleton. Early p38α deletion resulted in defective intramembranous and endochondral ossification in both calvaria and long bones. Mutant mice showed reduction of trabecular bone volume in distal femurs, associated with low trabecular thickness. In addition, knockout mice also displayed decreased femoral cortical bone volume and thickness. Deletion of p38α did not affect osteoclast function. Yet it impaired osteoblastogenesis and osteoblast maturation and activity through decreased expression of osteoblast-specific transcription factors and their targets. Furthermore, the inducible Cre system allowed us to control the onset of p38α disruption after birth by removal of doxycycline. Deletion of p38α at three or eight weeks postnatally led to significantly lower trabecular and cortical bone volume after 6 or 12 months. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrates that, in addition to early skeletogenesis, p38α is essential for osteoblasts to maintain their function in mineralized adult bone, as bone anabolism should be sustained throughout life. Moreover, our data also emphasizes that clinical development of p38 inhibitors should take into account their potential bone effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Rodríguez-Carballo
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gámez
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Lara Sedó-Cabezón
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Manuela Sánchez-Feutrie
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Manzanares-Céspedes
- Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - José Luis Rosa
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Francesc Ventura
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
- * E-mail:
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40
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Fels L, Distl O. Identification and validation of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for canine hip dysplasia (CHD) in German Shepherd Dogs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96618. [PMID: 24802516 PMCID: PMC4011879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is the most common hereditary skeletal disorder in dogs. To identify common alleles associated with CHD, we genotyped 96 German Shepherd Dogs affected by mild, moderate and severe CHD and 96 breed, sex, age and birth year matched controls using the Affymetrix canine high density SNP chip. A mixed linear model analysis identified five SNPs associated with CHD scores on dog chromosomes (CFA) 19, 24, 26 and 34. These five SNPs were validated in a by sex, age, birth year and coancestry stratified sample of 843 German Shepherd Dogs including 277 unaffected dogs and 566 CHD-affected dogs. Mean coancestry coefficients among and within cases and controls were <0.1%. Genotype effects of these SNPs explained 20–32% of the phenotypic variance of CHD in German Shepherd Dogs employed for validation. Genome-wide significance in the validation data set could be shown for each one CHD-associated SNP on CFA24, 26 and 34. These SNPs are located within or in close proximity of genes involved in bone formation and related through a joint network. The present study validated positional candidate genes within two previously known quantitative trait loci (QTL) and a novel QTL for CHD in German Shepherd Dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Fels
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ottmar Distl
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Aenlle KK, Curtis KM, Roos BA, Howard GA. Hepatocyte growth factor and p38 promote osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:722-30. [PMID: 24673557 DOI: 10.1210/me.2013-1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a paracrine factor involved in organogenesis, tissue repair, and wound healing. We report here that HGF promotes osteogenic differentiation through the transcription of key osteogenic markers, including osteocalcin, osterix, and osteoprotegerin in human mesenchymal stem cells and is a necessary component for the establishment of osteoblast mineralization. Blocking endogenous HGF using PHA665752, a c-Met inhibitor (the HGF receptor), or an HGF-neutralizing antibody attenuates mineralization, and PHA665752 markedly reduced alkaline phosphatase activity. Moreover, we report that HGF promotion of osteogenic differentiation involves the rapid phosphorylation of p38 and differential regulation of its isoforms, p38α and p38β. Western blot analysis revealed a significantly increased level of p38α and p38β protein, and reverse transcription quantitative PCR revealed that HGF increased the transcriptional level of both p38α and p38β. Using small interfering RNA to reduce the transcription of p38α and p38β, we saw differential roles for p38α and p38β on the HGF-induced expression of key osteogenic markers. In summary, our data demonstrate the importance of p38 signaling in HGF regulation of osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina K Aenlle
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center and Research Service (K.K.A., K.M.C., B.A.R., G.A.H.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida 33125; Departments of Medicine (B.A.R., G.A.H.), Neurology (B.A.R.), and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology (K.M.C., G.A.H.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101
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Pinsino A, Roccheri MC, Matranga V. Manganese overload affects p38 MAPK phosphorylation and metalloproteinase activity during sea urchin embryonic development. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 93:64-69. [PMID: 23998794 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In the marine environment, manganese represents a potential emerging contaminant, resulting from an increased production of manganese-containing compounds. In earlier reports we found that the exposure of Paracentrotus lividus sea urchin embryos to manganese produced phenotypes with no skeleton. In addition, manganese interfered with calcium uptake, perturbed extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, affected the expression of skeletogenic genes, and caused an increase of the hsc70 and hsc60 protein levels. Here, we extended our studies focusing on the temporal activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and the proteolytic activity of metalloproteinases (MMPs). We found that manganese affects the stage-dependent dynamics of p38 MAPK activation and inhibits the total gelatin-auto-cleaving activity of MMPs, with the exclusion of the 90-85 kDa and 68-58 kDa MMPs, whose levels remain high all throughout development. Our findings correlate, for the first time to our knowledge, an altered activation pattern of the p38 MAPK with an aberrant MMP proteolytic activity in the sea urchin embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pinsino
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy.
| | - M C Roccheri
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, Italy
| | - V Matranga
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare "Alberto Monroy", Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Palermo, Italy
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Kim JH, Jung TY, Seo J, Lee S, Kim MG, Leem KH, Lim SC. Involvement of MAPK signaling pathway in the osteogenic gene expressions of Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu in MG-63 human osteoblast-like cells. Life Sci 2013; 94:45-53. [PMID: 24239640 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purposes of this study were to determine whether Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu (CPC) has osteogenic activities in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. MAIN METHODS The effects of CPC on alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, and calcium deposits were measured. The COL1A1, ALPL, BGLAP, and SPP1 expressions were measured by real-time PCR. Phosphorylated MAP kinases (ERK1/2, JNK1/2, p38, ELK1, and cJUN) were studied by western blot analysis. The involvement of MAPK pathway in osteogenic gene expressions was determined by using each selective MAPK inhibitor (PD98059, SP600125, and SB203580). KEY FINDINGS CPC increased alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen synthesis, and calcium deposits. CPC activated ERK1/2, JNK1/2, p38, and ELK1 phosphorylation except cJUN. CPC increased the COL1A1, ALPL, BGLAP, and SPP1 gene expressions. The elevated COL1A1 and BGLAP expressions were inhibited by PD98059, SP600125 or SB203580. The elevated ALPL expression was blocked by SB203580. The elevated SPP1 expression was inhibited by SP600125 or SB203580. CPC increased COL1A1 and BGLAP expressions via ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPKs pathways and SPP1 expression via JNK1/2 and p38 pathways. p38 pathway is needed for ALPL expression. SIGNIFICANCE These results imply that MAPK signaling pathway is an indispensable factor for bone matrix genes expression of CPC in MG-63 human osteoblast-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun Kim
- Dept. of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Kyeongbuk 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Jung
- Dept. of Diagnostics, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Kyeongbuk 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungchul Seo
- Comprehensive and Integrative Medicine Institute, Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Sena Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Chungbuk 390-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gyou Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Chungbuk 390-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Leem
- College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Chungbuk 390-711, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Chul Lim
- Dept. of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Kyeongbuk 712-715, Republic of Korea.
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Liu C, Cui Y, Luan J, Zhou X, Han J. The molecular and cellular basis of Apert syndrome. Intractable Rare Dis Res 2013; 2:115-22. [PMID: 25343114 PMCID: PMC4204555 DOI: 10.5582/irdr.2013.v2.4.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Apert syndrome (AS) is a rare genetic and congenital disease characterized by craniosynostosis and syndactly of hands and feet. AS patients generally require lifelong management, however there are still no effective treatment methods except surgery. In recent years, research has made great progress in the pathogenesis of AS. FGFR2 mediates extracellular signals into cells and the mutations in the FGFR2 gene cause AS occurrence. Activated FGFs/FGFR2 signaling disrupt the balance of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis via its downstream signal pathways. However, how the pathways transform the balance is not well understood and contradictions have occurred in different studies. In this review, we'll focus on these problems to get a better understanding of AS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Yazhou Cui
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Luan
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Jinxiang Han, Key Laboratory for Rare Disease Research of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory for Biotech Drugs of the Ministry of Health, Shandong Medical Biotechnological Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, 250062, Shandong, China. E-mail:
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Greenblatt MB, Shim JH, Glimcher LH. Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in osteoblasts. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2013; 29:63-79. [PMID: 23725048 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101512-122347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are ancient signal transducers well characterized as mediators of inflammation and neoplastic transformation. Recent work has expanded our understanding of their developmental functions, particularly in the regulation of bone mass via control of osteoblast differentiation. Here, we review the functions of MAPK pathways in osteoblasts, including a consideration of MAPK substrates. In particular, MAPKs function to regulate the key transcriptional mediators of osteoblast differentiation, with ERK and p38 MAPKs phosphorylating RUNX2, the master regulator of osteoblast differentiation. ERK also activates RSK2, which in turn phosphorylates ATF4, a transcriptional regulator of late-stage osteoblast synthetic functions. The MAP3Ks and MAP2Ks upstream of MAPKs have also been investigated, and significant differences have been found in the wiring of MAPK pathways in osteoblasts relative to other tissues. Thus, the investigation of MAPKs in osteoblasts has both revealed critical mechanisms for the maintenance of bone mass and added to our understanding of how the individual components of MAPK pathways function in concert in a complex in vivo system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Greenblatt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
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Siegert P, Schmidt G, Papatheodorou P, Wieland T, Aktories K, Orth JHC. Pasteurella multocida toxin prevents osteoblast differentiation by transactivation of the MAP-kinase cascade via the Gα(q/11)--p63RhoGEF--RhoA axis. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003385. [PMID: 23696743 PMCID: PMC3656108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The 146-kDa Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) is the main virulence factor to induce P. multocida-associated progressive atrophic rhinitis in various animals. PMT leads to a destruction of nasal turbinate bones implicating an effect of the toxin on osteoblasts and/or osteoclasts. The toxin induces constitutive activation of Gα proteins of the Gq/11-, G12/13- and Gi-family by deamidating an essential glutamine residue. To study the PMT effect on bone cells, we used primary osteoblasts derived from rat calvariae and stromal ST-2 cells as differentiation model. As marker of functional osteoblasts the expression and activity of alkaline phosphatase, formation of mineralization nodules or expression of specific transcription factors as osterix was determined. Here, we show that the toxin inhibits differentiation and/or function of osteoblasts by activation of Gαq/11. Subsequently, Gαq/11 activates RhoA via p63RhoGEF, which specifically interacts with Gαq/11 but not with other G proteins like Gα12/13 and Gαi. Activated RhoA transactivates the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade via Rho kinase, involving Ras, MEK and ERK, resulting in inhibition of osteoblast differentiation. PMT-induced inhibition of differentiation was selective for the osteoblast lineage as adipocyte-like differentiation of ST-2 cells was not hampered. The present work provides novel insights, how the bacterial toxin PMT can control osteoblastic development by activating heterotrimeric G proteins of the Gαq/11-family and is a molecular pathogenetic basis for understanding the role of the toxin in bone loss during progressive atrophic rhinitis induced by Pasteurella multocida. Pasteurella multocida causes as a facultative pathogen various diseases in men and animals. One induced syndrome is atrophic rhinitis, which is a form of osteopenia, mainly characterized by facial distortion due to degradation of nasal turbinate bones. Strains, which especially affect bone tissue, produce the protein toxin P. multocida toxin (PMT). Importantly, PMT alone is capable to induce all symptoms of atrophic rhinitis. To cause osteopenia PMT influences the development and/or activity of specialized bone cells like osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Recently, we could identify the molecular mechanism of PMT. The toxin constitutively activates certain heterotrimeric G proteins by deamidation. Here, we studied the effect of PMT on the differentiation of osteoblasts. We demonstrate the direct action of PMT on osteoblasts and osteoblast-like cells and as a consequence inhibition of osteoblastic differentiation. Moreover, we revealed the underlying signal transduction pathway to impair proper osteoblast development. We show that PMT activates small GTPases in a Gαq/11 dependent manner via a non-ubiquitously expressed RhoGEF. In turn the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is transactivated leading to inhibition of osteoblastogenesis. Our findings present a mechanism how PMT hijacks host cell signaling pathways to hinder osteoblast development, which contributes to the syndrome of atrophic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Siegert
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Hermann–Staudinger–Graduiertenschule Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gudula Schmidt
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Papatheodorou
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Wieland
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Klaus Aktories
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (KA); (JO)
| | - Joachim H. C. Orth
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (KA); (JO)
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Mahalingam CD, Sampathi BR, Sharma S, Datta T, Das V, Abou-Samra AB, Datta NS. MKP1-dependent PTH modulation of bone matrix mineralization in female mice is osteoblast maturation stage specific and involves P-ERK and P-p38 MAPKs. J Endocrinol 2013; 216. [PMID: 23197743 PMCID: PMC3796767 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Limited information is available on the role of MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP1) signaling in osteoblasts. We have recently reported distinct roles for MKP1 during osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and skeletal responsiveness to parathyroid hormone (PTH). As MKP1 regulates the phosphorylation status of MAPKs, we investigated the involvement of P-ERK and P-p38 MAPKs in MKP1 knockout (KO) early and mature osteoblasts with respect to mineralization and PTH response. Calvarial osteoblasts from 9-14-week-old WT and MKP1 KO male and female mice were examined. Western blot analysis revealed downregulation and sustained expressions of P-ERK and P-p38 with PTH treatment in differentiated osteoblasts derived from KO males and females respectively. Exposure of early osteoblasts to p38 inhibitor, SB203580 (S), markedly inhibited mineralization in WT and KO osteoblasts from both genders as determined by von Kossa assay. In osteoblasts from males, ERK inhibitor U0126 (U), not p38 inhibitor (S), prevented the inhibitory effects of PTH on mineralization in early or mature osteoblasts. In osteoblasts from KO females, PTH sustained mineralization in early osteoblasts and decreased mineralization in mature cells. This effect of PTH was attenuated by S in early osteoblasts and by U in mature KO cells. Changes in matrix Gla protein expression with PTH in KO osteoblasts did not correlate with mineralization, indicative of MKP1-dependent additional mechanisms essential for PTH action on osteoblast mineralization. We conclude that PTH regulation of osteoblast mineralization in female mice is maturation stage specific and involves MKP1 modulation of P-ERK and P-p38 MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika D Mahalingam
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 1107 Elliman Clinical Research Building, 421 East Canfield Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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