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Xu Y, Xin J, Sun Y, Wang X, Sun L, Zhao F, Niu C, Liu S. Mechanisms of Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury and Advancements of Natural Small Molecules in Its Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:472. [PMID: 38675431 PMCID: PMC11054595 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI), characterized by widespread lung dysfunction, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to the lack of effective pharmacological treatments available clinically. Small-molecule compounds derived from natural products represent an innovative source and have demonstrated therapeutic potential against sepsis-induced ALI. These natural small molecules may provide a promising alternative treatment option for sepsis-induced ALI. This review aims to summarize the pathogenesis of sepsis and potential therapeutic targets. It assembles critical updates (from 2014 to 2024) on natural small molecules with therapeutic potential against sepsis-induced ALI, detailing their sources, structures, effects, and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.X.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Jianzeng Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China;
| | - Yupei Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.X.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Xuyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.X.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Lili Sun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.X.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Changshan Niu
- College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA;
| | - Sheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Y.X.); (Y.S.); (X.W.)
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Zeng Z, Fu Y, Li M, Shi Y, Ding Q, Chen S. Guben Qingfei decoction attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury by modulating the TLR4/NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117674. [PMID: 38154525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening and widespread disease, with exceptionally high morbidity and mortality rates. Unfortunately, effective drugs for ALI treatment are currently lacking. Guben Qingfei decoction (GBQF) is a Chinese herbal compound known for its efficacy in treating viral pneumonia, yet the precise underlying mechanisms remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to validate the mitigating effect of GBQF on ALI and to further investigate its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ALI mice model was established by infusing LPS into the endotracheal tube. The effects of GBQF on ALI were investigated by measuring lung W/D; MPO; BALF total protein concentration; total number of cells; TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels; pathological changes in lung tissue, and oxidation products. Immunohistochemistry and Western Blotting were performed to verify the underlying mechanisms. MH-S and BEAS-2B cells were induced by LPS, and the effects of GBQF were confirmed by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. RESULTS GBQF significantly reduced LPS-induced ALI in mice, improved lung inflammation, reduced the production of oxidative products, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and reduced the degree of lung tissue damage. GBQF prevents MH-S cells from releasing inflammatory factors and reduces oxidative damage to BEAS-2B cells. In vivo studies have delved deeper into the mechanism of action of GBQF, revealing its correlation with the TLR4/NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2 pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that GBQF is an effective treatment for ALI, providing a new perspective on medication development for ALI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Zeng
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuchen Fu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Minfang Li
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qi Ding
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Li XY, Qiu CM, Yang FY, Li XC, Fang YQ, Yang YJ. Protective effects of Prussian blue nanozyme against sepsis-induced acute lung injury by activating HO-1. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 968:176354. [PMID: 38316248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition involving dysfunctional organ responses stemming from dysregulated host immune reactions to various infections. The lungs are most prone to failure during sepsis, resulting in acute lung injury (ALI). ALI is associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, and current therapeutic strategies are limited. To develop a more specific treatment, this study aimed to synthesise Prussian blue nanozyme (PBzyme), which can reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, to alleviate ALI. PBzyme with good biosafety was synthesised using a modified hydrothermal method. PBzyme was revealed to be an activator of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), improving survival rate and ameliorating lung injury in mice. Zinc protoporphyrin, an inhibitor of HO-1, inhibited the prophylactic therapeutic efficacy of PBzyme on ALI, and affected the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and activity of HO-1. This study demonstrates that PBzyme can alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation through HO-1 and has a prophylactic therapeutic effect on ALI. This provides a new strategy and direction for the clinical treatment of sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yue Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China; Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Ming Qiu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Yuan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Chuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qiang Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jian Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China; Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.
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Huang Q, Le Y, Li S, Bian Y. Signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Respir Res 2024; 25:30. [PMID: 38218783 PMCID: PMC10788036 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common condition associated with critically ill patients, characterized by bilateral chest radiographical opacities with refractory hypoxemia due to noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Despite significant advances, the mortality of ARDS remains unacceptably high, and there are still no effective targeted pharmacotherapeutic agents. With the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 worldwide, the mortality of ARDS has increased correspondingly. Comprehending the pathophysiology and the underlying molecular mechanisms of ARDS may thus be essential to developing effective therapeutic strategies and reducing mortality. To facilitate further understanding of its pathogenesis and exploring novel therapeutics, this review provides comprehensive information of ARDS from pathophysiology to molecular mechanisms and presents targeted therapeutics. We first describe the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ARDS that involve dysregulated inflammation, alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction, impaired alveolar fluid clearance and oxidative stress. Next, we summarize the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways related to the above four aspects of ARDS pathophysiology, along with the latest research progress. Finally, we discuss the emerging therapeutic strategies that show exciting promise in ARDS, including several pharmacologic therapies, microRNA-based therapies and mesenchymal stromal cell therapies, highlighting the pathophysiological basis and the influences on signal transduction pathways for their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrui Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yue Le
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, 87 Dingjia Bridge, Hunan Road, Gu Lou District, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shusheng Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Yi Bian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Yang Z, Nicholson SE, Cancio TS, Cancio LC, Li Y. Complement as a vital nexus of the pathobiological connectome for acute respiratory distress syndrome: An emerging therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100461. [PMID: 37006238 PMCID: PMC10064147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) pathobiology is unchecked inflammation-driven diffuse alveolar damage and alveolar-capillary barrier dysfunction. Currently, therapeutic interventions for ARDS remain largely limited to pulmonary-supportive strategies, and there is an unmet demand for pharmacologic therapies targeting the underlying pathology of ARDS in patients suffering from the illness. The complement cascade (ComC) plays an integral role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. ComC activation can prime an overzealous cytokine storm and tissue/organ damage. The ARDS and acute lung injury (ALI) have an established relationship with early maladaptive ComC activation. In this review, we have collected evidence from the current studies linking ALI/ARDS with ComC dysregulation, focusing on elucidating the new emerging roles of the extracellular (canonical) and intracellular (non-canonical or complosome), ComC (complementome) in ALI/ARDS pathobiology, and highlighting complementome as a vital nexus of the pathobiological connectome for ALI/ARDS via its crosstalking with other systems of the immunome, DAMPome, PAMPome, coagulome, metabolome, and microbiome. We have also discussed the diagnostic/therapeutic potential and future direction of ALI/ARDS care with the ultimate goal of better defining mechanistic subtypes (endotypes and theratypes) through new methodologies in order to facilitate a more precise and effective complement-targeted therapy for treating these comorbidities. This information leads to support for a therapeutic anti-inflammatory strategy by targeting the ComC, where the arsenal of clinical-stage complement-specific drugs is available, especially for patients with ALI/ARDS due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangsheng Yang
- Combat Casualty Care Research Team (CRT) 3, United States (US) Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA)-Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Susannah E. Nicholson
- Division of Trauma Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Tomas S. Cancio
- Combat Casualty Care Research Team (CRT) 3, United States (US) Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA)-Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Leopoldo C. Cancio
- United States (US) Army Burn Center, United States (US) Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio (JBSA)-Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yansong Li
- Division of Trauma Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- The Geneva Foundation, Immunological Damage Control Resuscitation Program, Tacoma, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Yansong Li,
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Kosutova P, Nemcova N, Kolomaznik M, Mokra D, Calkovska A, Mikolka P. Time-Dependent Oxidative Alterations in Plasma and Lung Tissue after Meconium Aspiration in a Rabbit Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010037. [PMID: 36670899 PMCID: PMC9854924 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirated meconium into a newborn's airways induces the transcription of pro-oxidative mediators that cooperate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory changes and may negatively affect the commonly used exogenous surfactant therapy. However, inflammation is not treated at present, nor is the time dependence of oxidative damage known. The aim of our study was to describe the time course of oxidative stress marker production during meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) and its relationship to leukocyte infiltration. New Zealand rabbits were instilled with saline or meconium suspension and ventilated for 5.5 h. Respiratory parameters were recorded and blood samples were taken before meconium application and in time intervals of 15 and 30 min, 1.0, 1.5, 3.5 and 5.5 h after application to evaluate oxidative markers and differential leukocytes count. Meconium aspiration led to a worsening of respiratory parameters and a decrease in leukocytes in the first 15 min. Changes in leukocytes were correlated both with nitrotyrosine (3NT) levels and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels, with the latter also related to changes in neutrophil count. The production of 3NT and TBARS increased in 1.5 and 3.5 h, respectively, in different ways, suggesting more than one source of oxidative agents and a potential risk of exogenous surfactant inactivation in a short time. We observed that MAS triggered neutrophil migration to the alveolar space and activation, as shown by the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and generation of indicators of oxidative damage to proteins and lipids during the time period when iNOS and NO metabolites were released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kosutova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Nikolett Nemcova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Maros Kolomaznik
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Mokra
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Calkovska
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Mikolka
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
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Effects of Corilagin on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via Regulation of NADPH Oxidase 2 and ERK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways in a Mouse Model. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071058. [PMID: 36101436 PMCID: PMC9312523 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome are clinically life-threatening diseases. Corilagin, a major polyphenolic compound obtained from the herb Phyllanthus urinaria, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and in this study, we sought to evaluate the protective effects and mechanisms of corilagin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice. ALI was induced in the mice by the intratracheal administration of LPS, and following 30 min of LPS challenge, corilagin (5 and 10 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally. At 6 h post-LPS administration, lung tissues were collected for analysis. Corilagin treatment significantly attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and oxidative stress in lung tissues. In addition, corilagin inhibited the LPS-induced expression of NOX2, ERK, and NF-κB. Corilagin has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, and can effectively reduce ALI via attenuation of the NOX2 and ERK/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Saraiva AL, Justino AB, Franco RR, Silva HCG, Arruda FDS, Klein SG, Celes MRN, Goulart LR, Espindola FS. Polyphenols-Rich Fraction from Annona muricata Linn. Leaves Attenuates Oxidative and Inflammatory Responses in Neutrophils, Macrophages, and Experimental Lung Injury. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061182. [PMID: 35745755 PMCID: PMC9228609 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Annona muricata Linn. is a common plant found in the warmest regions of South and Central America and its use in traditional medicine has been reported for the treatment of various illnesses. In the current study, we investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of crude extract and fractions from A. muricata L. leaves in isolated murine phagocytic immune cells as well as experimental LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). In a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay, we showed that ethyl acetate (EtOAc.f) and n-butanol (BuOH.f) fractions—both rich in polyphenols—reduced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by neutrophils stimulated with opsonized zymosan; similar results were found in culture of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). By evaluating anti-inflammatory activity in BMDMs, EtOAc.f and BuOH.f reduced secretion of IL-6 and expression of the co-stimulatory molecule CD40. Furthermore, in LPS-induced ALI, oral administration of EtOAc.f reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in lung tissue. In addition, on a mechanism dependent on glutathione levels, the oxidative damage was also attenuated. These findings revealed direct antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of polyphenols-rich fractions of A. muricata L. leaves on neutrophils and macrophages. Moreover, the reduced oxidative damage and levels of inflammatory markers in experimental ALI suggest that these fractions might be explored for the development of new therapies for inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Lopes Saraiva
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Rua Acre s/n, Bloco 2E, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (A.B.J.); (R.R.F.); (H.C.G.S.)
| | - Allisson Benatti Justino
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Rua Acre s/n, Bloco 2E, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (A.B.J.); (R.R.F.); (H.C.G.S.)
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues Franco
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Rua Acre s/n, Bloco 2E, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (A.B.J.); (R.R.F.); (H.C.G.S.)
| | - Heitor Cappato Guerra Silva
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Rua Acre s/n, Bloco 2E, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (A.B.J.); (R.R.F.); (H.C.G.S.)
| | - Felipe dos Santos Arruda
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil; (F.d.S.A.); (M.R.N.C.)
| | - Sandra Gabriela Klein
- Rodent Vivarium Network (REBIR), Dean of Research and Graduate Studies, Federal University of Uberlândia, Rua Ceará s/n, Bloco 4U, Uberlândia 38405-315, MG, Brazil;
| | - Mara Rúbia Nunes Celes
- Department of Bioscience and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Rua 235, Setor Leste Universitário, Goiânia 74605-050, GO, Brazil; (F.d.S.A.); (M.R.N.C.)
| | | | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Rua Acre s/n, Bloco 2E, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.); (A.B.J.); (R.R.F.); (H.C.G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-34-3225-8439
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Spassov SG, Faller S, Goeft A, von Itter MNA, Birkigt A, Meyerhoefer P, Ihle A, Seiler R, Schumann S, Hoetzel A. Profiling Distinctive Inflammatory and Redox Responses to Hydrogen Sulfide in Stretched and Stimulated Lung Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1001. [PMID: 35624865 PMCID: PMC9137934 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects against stretch-induced lung injury. However, the impact of H2S on individual cells or their crosstalk upon stretch remains unclear. Therefore, we addressed this issue in vitro using relevant lung cells. We have explored (i) the anti-inflammatory properties of H2S on epithelial (A549 and BEAS-2B), macrophage (RAW264.7) and endothelial (HUVEC) cells subjected to cycling mechanical stretch; (ii) the intercellular transduction of inflammation by co-culturing epithelial cells and macrophages (A549 and RAW264.7); (iii) the effect of H2S on neutrophils (Hoxb8) in transmigration (co-culture setup with HUVECs) and chemotaxis experiments. In stretched epithelial cells (A549, BEAS-2B), the release of interleukin-8 was not prevented by H2S treatment. However, H2S reduced macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) release from unstretched macrophages (RAW264.7) co-cultured with stretched epithelial cells. In stretched macrophages, H2S prevented MIP-2 release by limiting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-derived superoxide radicals (ROS). In endothelial cells (HUVEC), H2S inhibited interleukin-8 release and preserved endothelial integrity. In neutrophils (Hoxb8), H2S limited MIP-2-induced transmigration through endothelial monolayers, ROS formation and their chemotactic movement. H2S induces anti-inflammatory effects in a cell-type specific manner. H2S limits stretch- and/or paracrine-induced inflammatory response in endothelial, macrophage, and neutrophil cells by maintaining redox homeostasis as underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashko G. Spassov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (S.F.); (A.G.); (M.-N.A.v.I.); (A.B.); (P.M.); (A.I.); (R.S.); (S.S.); (A.H.)
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Chen L, Ma Q, Zhang G, Lei Y, Wang W, Zhang Y, Li T, Zhong W, Ming Y, Song G. Protective effect and mechanism of loganin and morroniside on acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 99:154030. [PMID: 35279615 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loganin and morroniside are two iridoid glycosides with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor effects. Whether they have effect on acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis are still unknown. PURPOSE To explore the potential effects of loganin and morroniside against acute lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis, and the underlying molecular mechanism. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Cell and animal models of acute lung injury were established by the induction of LPS. After intervention with loganin and morroniside, the pathological symptom of lung tissue was assessed, pro-inflammatory factors in cells and lung tissues were detected, NF- κB/STAT3 signaling pathway related proteins were detected by western blotting. Mice pulmonary fibrosis model was induced by bleomycin, pathological symptom was assessed by HE and Masson staining. Fibrosis related indicators were detected by qPCR or western blot. CD4+/CD8+ was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS Loganin and morroniside relieved the pathological symptom of lung tissue in acute lung injury, pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α mRNA were inhibited. Expression of p-p65 and STAT3 in lung tissues were also downregulated. In addition, loganin and morroniside downregulated the expression of collagen fiber, hydroxyproline and TGF-β1, collagen I and α-SMA mRNA in lung tissues of pulmonary fibrosis model. This study proved that loganin and morroniside have protective effect on acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis, and may provide theoretical basis for the development of new clinical drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for physiology and Biochemistry of Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian 361006, China
| | - Qiujuan Ma
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Gongye Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yongbin Lei
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yanlin Ming
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province for physiology and Biochemistry of Subtropical Plant, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, Fujian 361006, China
| | - Gang Song
- Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Yang H, Wang L, Yang M, Hu J, Zhang E, Peng L. Oridonin attenuates LPS-induced early pulmonary fibrosis by regulating impaired autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation and EMT. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 923:174931. [PMID: 35398392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Oridonin (Ori) possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor properties. However, the effects of Ori on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced early pulmonary fibrosis remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the protective effects of Ori on the mice model of pulmonary fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The BALB/C mice were given LPS (1 mg/kg) or Ori (20 mg/kg) according to experimental grouping. Then the left lung tissues were used for HE, immunohistochemical and Masson staining, and the right lung tissues were used for hydroxyproline measurement and western blot experiments. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected for Giemsa staining. RESULTS The high levels of hydroxyproline induced by LPS were reduced by Ori treatment. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis showed that Ori inhibited the increased levels of fibrosis-related proteins (α-smooth muscle actin, transforming growth factor-β, Collagen Ⅰ and phosphorylated-smad). Additionally, Ori treatment increased E-cadherin levels and decreased in Snail and Slug levels. Besides, Ori could suppress LPS-induced the infiltration of neutrophils and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, LPS caused the upregulation of NADPH oxidase 4 and exacerbated lung fibrosis. As the activator of NF-E2 related factor-2, Ori exerted protective effects in this animal model. Moreover, Ori reversed the LPS-triggered increases in Beclin-1, P62/sequestosome 1, autophagy related 3 and LC3. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that Ori protected against LPS-induced early pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting NLRP3-dependent inflammation, NADPH oxidase 4-dependent oxidative stress, the impaired autophagy and epithelial mesenchymal transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahong Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lidong Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Manshi Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianqiang Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Erli Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Liping Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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12
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Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5589089. [PMID: 35281470 PMCID: PMC8906126 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5589089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused relatively high mortality in patients, especially in those with concomitant diseases (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)). In most of aforementioned comorbidities, the oxidative stress appears to be an important player in their pathogenesis. The direct cause of death in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is still far from being elucidated. Although some preliminary data suggests that the lung vasculature injury and the loss of the functioning part of pulmonary alveolar population are crucial, the precise mechanism is still unclear. On the other hand, at least two classes of medications used with some clinical benefits in COVID-19 treatment seem to have a major influence on ROS (reactive oxygen species) and RNS (reactive nitrogen species) production. However, oxidative stress is one of the important mechanisms in the antiviral immune response and innate immunity. Therefore, it would be of interest to summarize the data regarding the oxidative stress in severe COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative and antioxidant mechanisms in severe COVID-19 based on available studies. We also present the role of ROS and RNS in other viral infections in humans and in animal models. Although reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play an important role in the innate antiviral immune response, in some situations, they might have a deleterious effect, e.g., in some coronaviral infections. The understanding of the redox mechanisms in severe COVID-19 disease may have an impact on its treatment.
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NR4A1 Promotes LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury through Inhibition of Opa1-Mediated Mitochondrial Fusion and Activation of PGAM5-Related Necroptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6638244. [PMID: 35222801 PMCID: PMC8881136 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6638244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and necroptosis have been perceived as the primary molecular mechanisms underscoring acute lung injury. Meanwhile, nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) is considered a regulator of inflammation-related endothelial injury in lung tissue although the downstream molecular events remain elusive. In this study, we employed NR4A1-/- mice to decipher the role of NR4A1 in the onset and progression of acute lung injury with a focus on mitochondrial damage and necroptosis. Our results demonstrated that NR4A1 was significantly upregulated in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) treated lung tissues. Knockout of NR4A1 overtly improved lung tissue morphology, inhibited inflammation, and reduced oxidative stress in LPS-treated lung tissue. A cell signaling study suggested that NR4A1 deletion repressed levels of PGAM5 and attenuated LPS-mediated necroptosis in primary murine alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells, the effects of which were mitigated by PGAM5 overexpression. Moreover, LPS-mediated mitochondrial injury including mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and mitochondrial oxidative stress was drastically improved by NR4A1 deletion. Furthermore, NR4A1 deletion preserved mitochondrial homeostasis through activation of Opa1-related mitochondrial fusion. Silencing of Opa1 triggered mitochondrial dysfunction in NR4A1-deleted ATII cells. Taken together, our data identified NR4A1 as a novel regulator of LPS-related acute lung injury through regulation of mitochondrial fusion and necroptosis, indicating therapeutic promises of targeting NR4A1 in the treatment of acute lung injury in clinical practice.
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Friend or Foe? The Roles of Antioxidants in Acute Lung Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121956. [PMID: 34943059 PMCID: PMC8750496 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute hypoxic respiratory insufficiency caused by various intra- and extra-pulmonary injury factors. The oxidative stress caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in the lungs plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALI. ROS is a "double-edged sword", which is widely involved in signal transduction and the life process of cells at a physiological concentration. However, excessive ROS can cause mitochondrial oxidative stress, leading to the occurrence of various diseases. It is well-known that antioxidants can alleviate ALI by scavenging ROS. Nevertheless, more and more studies found that antioxidants have no significant effect on severe organ injury, and may even aggravate organ injury and reduce the survival rate of patients. Our study introduces the application of antioxidants in ALI, and explore the mechanisms of antioxidants failure in various diseases including it.
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15
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Wu W, Li L, Su X, Zhu Z, Lin X, Zhang J, Zhuang Z, Cai H, Huang W. Nuclear factor-kappaB regulates the transcription of NADPH oxidase 1 in human alveolar epithelial cells. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:98. [PMID: 33757467 PMCID: PMC7988993 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01464-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) mediates the expression of various inflammation-related genes, including the NADPH oxidase family. This study aimed to identify the potential regulatory role of NF-κB on NADPH oxidases in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced oxidative stress in human alveolar epithelial cells. Methods A549 cells were treated with TNF-α for 24 h to establish ALI cell models. RT-PCR, western blot, assessment of oxidative stress, Alibaba 2.1 online analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assays and luciferase reporter analysis were employed to identify the potential regulatory role of NF-κB on NADPH oxidases in TNF-α-induced oxidative stress in human alveolar epithelial cells. Results The expression of NF-κB/p65 was notably upregulated in TNF-α-stimulated A549 cells.
NF-κB knockdown by siRNA significantly inhibited the TNF-α-induced oxidative stress. Moreover, NF-κB/p65 siRNA could inhibit the activation of NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4 mRNA and protein expression in TNF-α-stimulated A549 cells. The next study demonstrated that NF-κB activated the transcription of NOX1 by binding to the -261 to -252 bp (NOX1/κB2, TAAAAATCCC) region of NOX1 promoter in TNF-α-stimulated A549 cells. Conclusion Our data demonstrated that NF-κB can aggravate TNF-α-induced ALI by regulating the oxidative stress response and the expression of NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4. Moreover, NF-κB could promote the NOX1 transcriptional activity via binding its promoter in TNF-α-stimulated A549 cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01464-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshan Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhixing Zhu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Respirology Medicine Centre of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zesen Zhuang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Quanzhou Jinjiang Anhai Hospital, Quanzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Cai
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command,, PLA, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Wu Y, Xiao W, Pei C, Wang M, Wang X, Huang D, Wang F, Wang Z. Astragaloside IV alleviates PM2.5-induced lung injury in rats by modulating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 91:107290. [PMID: 33383446 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Astragaloside IV (AS IV) is antioxidant and anti-inflammatory product, which is extracted from the Chinese herb Astragalus membranaceus. It is widely used in a variety of inflammatory diseases. The research was to explored the protective effects of AS IV against lung injury induced by particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in vivo. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Thirty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=7 per group). (1) Normal saline group (NS), (2) AS IV group (AS) (100 mg/kg), (3) PM2.5 group (PM2.5), (4) PM2.5 + AS IV group (ASL) (50 mg/kg), and (5) PM2.5 + AS IVgroup (ASH) (100 mg/kg). Rats were pre-treated with AS IV intraperitoneally (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) for three days. Then, PM2.5 (7.5 mg/kg) was given by intratracheal instillation to induce lung injury. Six hours after PM2.5 stimulation, the rats were euthanized. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for assay of cytokines. Lung tissue was collected for oxidative stress, histology, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscope, and western blot analyses. RESULTS AS IV alleviated PM2.5-induced lung injury by decreasing lung dry-wet ratio, reducing the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in BALF, and reduced oxidative stress response in lung tissue. Western blot results revealed that AS-IV regulated the expression of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway proteins in lung tissues. CONCLUSION AS IV mitigated PM2.5 induced lung injury by regulating the activity of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signalling pathway, reducing inflammatory and oxidative stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Pei
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Demei Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Protective Effects of Kirenol against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury through the Modulation of the Proinflammatory NFκB Pathway and the AMPK2-/Nrf2-Mediated HO-1/AOE Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020204. [PMID: 33572510 PMCID: PMC7911485 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute and life-threatening inflammatory disease of the lung parenchyma that is associated with high mortality worldwide. No therapeutic strategies have been developed for the mitigation of the proinflammatory response that characterizes ALI. Kirenol has anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, and immunoregulatory effects. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of kirenol against lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced ALI in mice. Kirenol reduced the LPS-induced histopathology changes involving edema and thickening of the interstitial or alveolar walls, infiltration of leukocytes, formation of hyaline membrane. Pretreatment with kirenol reduced leukocytes infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the alveolar-capillary barrier disruption and lipid peroxidation in lung tissues induced by LPS. Kirenol significantly inhibited the secretion of cytokines, IL-1β, IL6, and TNFα, into the BALF of the mice with LPS-induced ALI through NFκB activation. Moreover, kirenol attenuated the downregulation of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase that was induced by LPS. HO-1 expression and the phosphorylation of Nrf2 and AMPK2 were also induced by kirenol. The results indicate that kirenol can be developed as a treatment strategy for ALI, and its effects are induced through the inhibition of the NF-κB proinflammatory pathway and promotion of AMPK2/Nrf2-mediated HO-1 and antioxidant enzymes (AOE) activation.
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18
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Jian T, Chen J, Ding X, Lv H, Li J, Wu Y, Ren B, Tong B, Zuo Y, Su K, Li W. Flavonoids isolated from loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaves inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation induced by cigarette smoke in COPD mice: the role of TRPV1 signaling pathways. Food Funct 2020; 11:3516-3526. [PMID: 32253400 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02921d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, progressive lung disease with few successful treatments, and is strongly associated with cigarette smoking (CS). Since the novel coronavirus has spread worldwide seriously, there is growing concern that patients who have chronic respiratory conditions like COPD can easily be infected and are more prone to having severe illness and even mortality because of lung dysfunction. Loquat leaves have long been used as an important material for both pharmaceutical and functional applications in the treatment of lung disease in Asia, especially in China and Japan. Total flavonoids (TF), the main active components derived from loquat leaves, showed remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, their protective activity against CS-induced COPD airway inflammation and oxidative stress and its underlying mechanism still remain not well-understood. The present study uses a CS-induced mouse model to estimate the morphological changes in lung tissue. The results demonstrated that TF suppressed the histological changes in the lungs of CS-challenged mice, as evidenced by reduced generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and diminished the protein expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Moreover, TF also inhibited phosphorylation of IKK, IκB and NFκB and increased p-Akt. Interestingly, TF could inhibit CS-induced oxidative stress in the lungs of COPD mice. TF treatment significantly inhibited the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, TF markedly downregulated TRPV1 and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and upregulated the expression of SOD-2, while the p-JNK level was observed to be inhibited in COPD mice. Taken together, our findings showed that the protective effect and putative mechanism of the action of TF resulted in the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress through the regulation of TRPV1 and the related signal pathway in lung tissues. It suggested that TF derived from loquat leaves could be considered to be an alternative or a new functional material and used for the treatment of CS-induced COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunyu Jian
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China. and Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ding
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Han Lv
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jiawei Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Yuexian Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Bingru Ren
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Bei Tong
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zuo
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Kelei Su
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China and Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China. and Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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19
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Kosutova P, Mikolka P, Balentova S, Adamkov M, Mokra D. Effects of nitric oxide donor on the lung functions in a saline lavage-induced model of ARDS. Physiol Res 2020; 68:S265-S273. [PMID: 31928044 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by acute hypoxemia, neutrophil-mediated inflammation, and lung edema formation. Whereas lung damage might be alleviated by nitric oxide (NO), goal of this study was to evaluate if intratracheal NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) can positively influence the lung functions in experimental model of ARDS. New Zealand rabbits with respiratory failure induced by saline lavage (30 ml/kg, 9+/-3 times) were divided into: ARDS group without therapy, ARDS group treated with SNAP (7 mg/kg i.t.), and healthy Control group. During 5 h of ventilation, respiratory parameters (blood gases, ventilatory pressures) were estimated. After anesthetics overdosing, left lung was saline-lavaged and cell count, cell viability and protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. Right lung tissue was used for estimation of wet/dry weight ratio, concentration of NO metabolites, and histomorphological investigation. Repetitive lung lavage induced lung injury, worsened gas exchange, and damaged alveolar-capillary membrane. Administration of SNAP reduced cell count in BALF, lung edema formation, NO metabolites, and histopathological signs of injury, and improved respiratory parameters. Treatment with intratracheal SNAP alleviated lung injury and edema and improved lung functions in a saline-lavaged model of ARDS suggesting a potential of NO donors also for patients with ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kosutova
- Biomedical Center Martin and Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
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20
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Li D, Cong Z, Yang C, Zhu X. Inhibition of LPS-induced Nox2 activation by VAS2870 protects alveolar epithelial cells through eliminating ROS and restoring tight junctions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:575-581. [PMID: 32019675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) under oxidative distress becomes a new therapeutic strategy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Herein in the present study, we investigated effects of Nox2, the catalytic subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase type 2, on LPS-induced epithelium injury in ARDS mice and in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Severe lung injury, disruption of alveolar-capillary barrier with the loss of zonula occluden (ZO)-1 and up-regulated expression of Nox2 in AECs were exhibited in ARDS mice. In vitro, LPS induced decreased cell viability coupled with activated Nox2, high level of ROS, and destroyed ZO-1 distribution. Moreover, VAS2870 proved to inhibit Nox2 expression, reduce ROS generation, restore epithelium barrier integrity, and preserve cell viability in LPS-induced A549 cells. These data demonstrate that Nox2/ROS/ZO-1 axis is of great importance in AECs damage induced by LPS, and the utilization of VAS2870 to inhibit this pathway might lighten LPS-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhukai Cong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Cui Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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21
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Magalhães CB, Casquilho NV, Machado MN, Riva DR, Travassos LH, Leal-Cardoso JH, Fortunato RS, Faffe DS, Zin WA. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions of eugenol improve lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 259:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Liu JX, Li X, Yan FG, Pan QJ, Yang C, Wu MY, Li G, Liu HF. Protective effect of forsythoside B against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by attenuating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 66:336-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Zou D, Li J, Fan Q, Zheng X, Deng J, Wang S. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species induce cell apoptosis via a mitochondria‐dependent pathway in hyperoxia lung injury. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4837-4850. [PMID: 30592322 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qianqian Fan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuemei Zheng
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women and Children Health Institute Futian, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Deng
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women and Children Health Institute Futian, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women and Children Health Institute Futian, Shenzhen, China
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24
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Zimmermann KK, Spassov SG, Strosing KM, Ihle PM, Engelstaedter H, Hoetzel A, Faller S. Hydrogen Sulfide Exerts Anti-oxidative and Anti-inflammatory Effects in Acute Lung Injury. Inflammation 2018; 41:249-259. [PMID: 29098482 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) caused by septic stimuli is still a major problem in critical care patients. We have shown previously that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) mediates anti-inflammatory and lung protective effects. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6N mice were instilled with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intranasally in the absence or presence of inhaled H2S for 6 h. LPS instillation led to alveolar wall thickening, an elevated ALI score, increased neutrophil transmigration, and elevated interleukin-1β cytokine release into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In contrast, H2S inhalation prevented lung injury and inflammation despite LPS treatment. Moreover, H2S inhalation significantly inhibited protein expression of cystathionine-β-synthetase, heat shock protein 70, phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase, NADPH oxidase 2, and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-challenged animals. In conclusion, H2S prevents LPS-induced ALI by inhibition of pro-inflammatory and oxidative responses via the concerted attenuation of stress protein, MAP kinase, and ROS signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia K Zimmermann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sashko G Spassov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karl M Strosing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul M Ihle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helen Engelstaedter
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoetzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simone Faller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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Protective Effect of Jianpiyifei II Granule against Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease via NF- κB Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:4265790. [PMID: 30174706 PMCID: PMC6098891 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4265790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Jianpiyifei II granule (JPYF II) is an oriental herbal formula used clinically in China to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of JPYF II in a mouse model of COPD induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette smoke (CS) and in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Mice were given LPS via intratracheal instillation on days 1 and 15 and exposed to CS generated from 4 cigarettes/day for 28 days. The mice were treated with 0.75, 1.5, or 3 g/kg/d JPYF II by intragastric administration in low, middle, and high dose groups, respectively, for two weeks. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated by CSE and treated with JPYF II at doses of 12.5, 25, or 50 μg/mL. In the mouse model of LPS and CS-induced COPD, JPYF II decreased inflammatory cell counts in broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), in addition to mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and metalloproteinases (MMPs) in lung tissues. In addition, JPYF II elevated catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and reduced the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and IκBα and p65 phosphorylation and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissues. In RAW264.7 cells stimulated with CSE, JPYF II inhibited the mRNA levels of inflammatory mediators and the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65. Our results suggest that JPYF II enhanced anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities in a mouse model of COPD induced by LPS and CS and in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with CSE via inhibition of the NF-κB pathway.
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Qing R, Huang Z, Tang Y, Xiang Q, Yang F. Cordycepin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 60:18-25. [PMID: 29702279 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study is to investigate the protective effect of cordycepin on inflammatory reactions in rats with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as the underlying mechanism. METHODS Wistar rat model of ALI was induced by intravenous injection of LPS (30 mg/kg body weight). One hour later, intravenous injection of cordycepin (1, 10 or 30 mg/kg body weight) was administered. The wet-to-dry weight ratio of lung tissues and myeloperoxidase activity in the lung tissues were measured. The contents of nitrite and nitrate were measured by reduction method, while chemiluminescence was used to determine the content of superoxide. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of mRNA and protein, respectively. Colorimetry was performed to determine the enzymatic activity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was identified by Western blotting. The plasma contents of cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Cordycepin enhanced the expression and enzymatic activity of HO-1 in ALI rats, and activated Nrf2 by inducing the translocation of Nrf2 from cytoplasm to nucleus. In addition, cordycepin regulated the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 via HO-1, and suppressed inflammation in lung tissues of ALI rats by inducing the expression of HO-1. HO-1 played important roles in the down-regulation of superoxide levels in lung tissues by cordycepin, and HO-1 expression induced by cordycepin affected nitrite and nitrate concentrations in plasma and iNOS protein expression in lung tissues. Cordycepin showed protective effect on injuries in lung tissues. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that cordycepin alleviates inflammation induced by LPS via the activation of Nrf2 and up-regulation of HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qing
- Division of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, PR China
| | - Zezhi Huang
- Division of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, PR China
| | - Yufei Tang
- Division of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, PR China
| | - Qingke Xiang
- Division of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, PR China.
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Sulphur dioxide suppresses inflammatory response by sulphenylating NF-κB p65 at Cys38 in a rat model of acute lung injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2655-2670. [PMID: 28935810 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate whether endogenous sulphur dioxide (SO2) controlled pulmonary inflammation in a rat model of oleic acid (OA)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). In this model, adenovirus expressing aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) 1 was delivered to the lungs, and the levels of SO2 and proinflammatory cytokines in rat lung tissues were measured. In the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549, the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activities of wild-type (wt) and C38S (cysteine-to-serine mutation at p65 Cys38) NF-κB p65 were detected. GFP-tagged C38S p65 was purified from HEK 293 cells and the sulphenylation of NF-κB p65 was studied. OA caused a reduction in SO2/AAT pathway activity but increased pulmonary inflammation and ALI. However, either the presence of SO2 donor, a combination of Na2SO3 and NaHSO3, or AAT1 overexpression in vivo successfully blocked OA-induced pulmonary NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and consequent inflammation and ALI. Either treatment with an SO2 donor or overexpression of AAT1 down-regulated OA-induced p65 activity, but AAT1 knockdown in alveolar epithelial cells mimicked OA-induced p65 phosphorylation and inflammation in vitro. Mechanistically, OA promoted NF-κB nuclear translocation, DNA binding activity, recruitment to the intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 promoter, and consequent inflammation in epithelial cells; these activities were reduced in the presence of an SO2 donor. Furthermore, SO2 induced sulphenylation of p65, which was blocked by the C38S mutation on p65 in epithelial cells. Hence, down-regulation of SO2/AAT is involved in pulmonary inflammation during ALI. Furthermore, SO2 suppressed inflammation by sulphenylating NF-κB p65 at Cys38.
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Cryopreserved, Xeno-Free Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Reduce Lung Injury Severity and Bacterial Burden in Rodent Escherichia coli-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Crit Care Med 2017; 45:e202-e212. [PMID: 27861182 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although mesenchymal stem/stromal cells represent a promising therapeutic strategy for acute respiratory distress syndrome, clinical translation faces challenges, including scarcity of bone marrow donors, and reliance on bovine serum during mesenchymal stem/stromal cell proliferation. We wished to compare mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from human umbilical cord, grown in xeno-free conditions, with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from human bone marrow, in a rat model of Escherichia coli pneumonia. In addition, we wished to determine the potential for umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem/stromal cells to reduce E. coli-induced oxidant injury. DESIGN Randomized animal study. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Acute respiratory distress syndrome was induced in rats by intratracheal instillation of E. coli (1.5-2 × 10 CFU/kg). "Series 1" compared the effects of freshly thawed cryopreserved umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem/stromal cells with bone marrow-mesenchymal stem/stromal cells on physiologic indices of lung injury, cellular infiltration, and E. coli colony counts in bronchoalveolar lavage. "Series 2" examined the effects of cryopreserved umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem/stromal cells on survival, as well as measures of injury, inflammation and oxidant stress, including production of reactive oxidative species, reactive oxidative species scavenging by superoxide dismutase-1 and superoxide dismutase-2. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS In "Series 1," animals subjected to E. coli pneumonia who received umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem/stromal cells had improvements in oxygenation, respiratory static compliance, and wet-to-dry ratios comparable to bone marrow-mesenchymal stem/stromal cell treatment. E. coli colony-forming units in bronchoalveolar lavage were reduced in both cell therapy groups, despite a reduction in bronchoalveolar lavage neutrophils. In series 2, umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem/stromal cells enhanced animal survival and decreased alveolar protein and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations, whereas increasing interleukin-10 concentrations. Umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem/stromal cell therapy decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase 2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase and enhanced lung concentrations of superoxide dismutase-2, thereby reducing lung tissue reactive oxidative species concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that freshly thawed cryopreserved xeno-free human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem/stromal cells reduce the severity of rodent E. coli-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. Umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, therefore, represent an attractive option for future clinical trials in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Yang ZG, Lei XL, Li XL. Early application of low-dose glucocorticoid improves acute respiratory distress syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1215-1224. [PMID: 28413460 PMCID: PMC5377286 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous clinical trials have investigated the effect of glucocorticoid therapy in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with controversial results, particularly with regard to the early administration of low dose glucocorticoid. The present meta-analysis aimed to assess whether the application of glucocorticoid was able to reduce mortality in patients with ARDS. A literature search was performed using online databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane and CNKI regardless of whether the studies were published in English or Chinese. Following assessment via inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers screened controlled randomized trials which investigated glucocorticoid therapy in ARDS patients and independently extracted data. The quality of all of the included trials was evaluated based on blinding, randomization and other methods. A total of 14 studies with 1,441 patients met the inclusion criteria. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that glucocorticoid significantly reduced the overall mortality of patients with ARDS [relative ratio (RR), 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.50-0.91; P<0.05], particularly with a low-dose of glucocorticoid (RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.39-0.84; P<0.05) at the early phase of ARDS (RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16-0.86; P<0.05), and a longer duration of steroids (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.30-0.64; P<0.05). Administration of steroids also significantly increased the number of days that patients remained alive and were off mechanical ventilation (RR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.49-4.68; P<0.05) without significantly increasing the novel infection rate (RR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.44-2.25; P<0.05). Due to inconsistencies and other limitations, the quality of the studies used for the meta-analysis of the effect of glucocorticoid on mortality was low. In conclusion, early use of low dose glucocorticoid may effectively reduce mortality in patients with ARDS. However, this conclusion may be affected by the limited quality of the studies included in the present meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Gang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Lei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Liang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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Hydrogen Sulfide Prevents Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species through PI3K/Akt Signaling and Limits Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3715037. [PMID: 28250891 PMCID: PMC5307128 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3715037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is still a major problem in mechanically ventilated patients. Low dose inhalation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) during mechanical ventilation has been proven to prevent lung damage by limiting inflammatory responses in rodent models. However, the capacity of H2S to affect oxidative processes in VILI and its underlying molecular signaling pathways remains elusive. In the present study we show that ventilation with moderate tidal volumes of 12 ml/kg for 6 h led to an excessive formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mice lungs which was prevented by supplemental inhalation of 80 parts per million of H2S. In addition, phosphorylation of the signaling protein Akt was induced by H2S. In contrast, inhibition of Akt by LY294002 during ventilation reestablished lung damage, neutrophil influx, and proinflammatory cytokine release despite the presence of H2S. Moreover, the ability of H2S to induce the antioxidant glutathione and to prevent ROS production was reversed in the presence of the Akt inhibitor. Here, we provide the first evidence that H2S-mediated Akt activation is a key step in protection against VILI, suggesting that Akt signaling limits not only inflammatory but also detrimental oxidative processes that promote the development of lung injury.
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Palumbo S, Shin YJ, Ahmad K, Desai AA, Quijada H, Mohamed M, Knox A, Sammani S, Colson BA, Wang T, Garcia JGN, Hecker L. Dysregulated Nox4 ubiquitination contributes to redox imbalance and age-related severity of acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 312:L297-L308. [PMID: 28062482 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00305.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating critical illness disproportionately affecting the elderly population, with both higher incidence and mortality. The integrity of the lung endothelial cell (EC) monolayer is critical for preservation of lung function. However, mechanisms mediating EC barrier regulation in the context of aging remain unclear. We assessed the severity of acute lung injury (ALI) in young (2 mo) and aged (18 mo) mice using a two-hit preclinical model. Compared with young cohorts, aged mice exhibited increased ALI severity, with greater vascular permeability characterized by elevated albumin influx and levels of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells (neutrophils) and protein. Aged/injured mice also demonstrated elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the BAL, which was associated with upregulation of the ROS-generating enzyme, Nox4. We evaluated the role of aging in human lung EC barrier regulation utilizing a cellular model of replicative senescence. Senescent EC populations were defined by increases in β-galactosidase activity and p16 levels. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, senescent ECs demonstrate exacerbated permeability responses compared with control "young" ECs. LPS challenge led to a rapid induction of Nox4 expression in both control and senescent ECs, which was posttranslationally mediated via the proteasome/ubiquitin system. However, senescent ECs demonstrated deficient Nox4 ubiquitination, resulting in sustained expression of Nox4 and alterations in cellular redox homeostasis. Pharmacological inhibition of Nox4 in senescent ECs reduced LPS-induced alterations in permeability. These studies provide insight into the roles of Nox4/senescence in EC barrier responses and offer a mechanistic link to the increased incidence and mortality of ARDS associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmi Palumbo
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Yoon-Joo Shin
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Kareem Ahmad
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Ankit A Desai
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Hector Quijada
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Mohamed Mohamed
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Adam Knox
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Saad Sammani
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Brett A Colson
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Louise Hecker
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and .,Southern Arizona VA Health Care System (SAVAHCS), Tucson, Arizona
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Lv J, Zeng J, Zhao W, Cheng Y, Zhang L, Cai S, Hu G, Chen Y. Cdc42 regulates LPS-induced proliferation of primary pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells via ERK pathway. Microvasc Res 2016; 109:45-53. [PMID: 27769693 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After stimulation due to injury, cell division cycle protein 42 (Cdc42) restores and enhances barrier functions by strengthening intercellular adherens junctions; however, its influence on cell proliferation after injury remains unknown. OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to investigate the effect of stimulation using small doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the proliferation of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). METHODS We stimulated PMVECs with different doses of LPS and evaluated the effects on cell proliferation. We also constructed a primary gene-knockout cell line lacking Cdc42 to verify the role of Cdc42 in regulating the proliferation of PMVECs that were stimulated using LPS and to explore related signaling pathways. RESULTS Stimulating PMVECs with small doses of LPS increased proliferation. Cdc42 is involved in regulating this process, which was mediated by the extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway. CONCLUSIONS Cdc42 plays a role in regulating the proliferation of PMVECs stimulated with small doses of LPS, and this regulation involves the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Junchao Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanxiong Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Guodong Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Li-Mei W, Jie T, Shan-He W, Dong-Mei M, Peng-Jiu Y. Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Effects of Dexpanthenol on Lipopolysaccharide Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Inflammation 2016; 39:1757-63. [PMID: 27469104 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of dexpanthenol in a model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Lung injury was induced by exposure to atomized LPS. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group; Dxp (500 mg/kg) group; LPS group; LPS + Dxp (500 mg/kg) group. The effects of dexpanthenol on LPS-induced neutrophil recruitment, cytokine levels, total protein concentration, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) contents were examined. Additionally, lung tissue was examined by histology to investigate the changes in pathology in the presence and absence of dexpanthenol. In LPS-challenged mice, dexpanthenol significantly improved lung edema. Dexpanthenol also markedly inhibited the LPS-induced neutrophiles influx, protein leakage, and release of TNF-α and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Furthermore, dexpanthenol attenuated MPO activity and MDA contents and increased SOD and GSH activity in the LPS-challenged lung tissue. These data suggest that dexpanthenol protects mice from LPS-induced acute lung injury by its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Li-Mei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Tan Jie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wan Shan-He
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Meng Dong-Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yu Peng-Jiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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34
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Molecular mechanisms underlying hyperoxia acute lung injury. Respir Med 2016; 119:23-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Knockdown of placental growth factor (PLGF) mitigates hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in neonatal rats: Suppressive effects on NFκB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:167-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Post-Intake of S-Ethyl Cysteine and S-Methyl Cysteine Improved LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080507. [PMID: 27548215 PMCID: PMC4997420 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of S-ethyl cysteine (SEC) and S-methyl cysteine (SMC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in mice were examined. Eight hours after LPS challenge, SEC or SMC was supplied in drinking water at 0.5% or 1% for 3 days. LPS increased lung myeloperoxidase activity, neutrophil counts and edema. SEC or SMC post-intake attenuated these events. SEC or SMC suppressed LPS-induced lung expression of cyclooxygenase-2, nuclear factor-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase, and lowered the generation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and prostaglandin E2. LPS enhanced the expression of p47phox, gp91phox, Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and increased the production of reactive oxygen species in the lung. SEC or SMC post-intake reversed these alterations. These findings suggest that these agents could protect the lung through their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic activities.
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37
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Hofstetter AR, De La Cruz JA, Cao W, Patel J, Belser JA, McCoy J, Liepkalns JS, Amoah S, Cheng G, Ranjan P, Diebold BA, Shieh WJ, Zaki S, Katz JM, Sambhara S, Lambeth JD, Gangappa S. NADPH Oxidase 1 Is Associated with Altered Host Survival and T Cell Phenotypes after Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149864. [PMID: 26910342 PMCID: PMC4766197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the reactive oxygen species-producing NADPH oxidase family of enzymes in the pathology of influenza A virus infection remains enigmatic. Previous reports implicated NADPH oxidase 2 in influenza A virus-induced inflammation. In contrast, NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) was reported to decrease inflammation in mice within 7 days post-influenza A virus infection. However, the effect of NADPH oxidase 1 on lethality and adaptive immunity after influenza A virus challenge has not been explored. Here we report improved survival and decreased morbidity in mice with catalytically inactive NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1*/Y) compared with controls after challenge with A/PR/8/34 influenza A virus. While changes in lung inflammation were not obvious between Nox1*/Y and control mice, we observed alterations in the T cell response to influenza A virus by day 15 post-infection, including increased interleukin-7 receptor-expressing virus-specific CD8+ T cells in lungs and draining lymph nodes of Nox1*/Y, and increased cytokine-producing T cells in lungs and spleen. Furthermore, a greater percentage of conventional and interstitial dendritic cells from Nox1*/Y draining lymph nodes expressed the co-stimulatory ligand CD40 within 6 days post-infection. Results indicate that NADPH oxidase 1 modulates the innate and adaptive cellular immune response to influenza virus infection, while also playing a role in host survival. Results suggest that NADPH oxidase 1 inhibitors may be beneficial as adjunct therapeutics during acute influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia R Hofstetter
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Juan A De La Cruz
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Weiping Cao
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jenish Patel
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jessica A Belser
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - James McCoy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Justine S Liepkalns
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Samuel Amoah
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Becky A Diebold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wun-Ju Shieh
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sherif Zaki
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline M Katz
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Suryaprakash Sambhara
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - J David Lambeth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shivaprakash Gangappa
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Diebold BA, Smith SM, Li Y, Lambeth JD. NOX2 As a Target for Drug Development: Indications, Possible Complications, and Progress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:375-405. [PMID: 24512192 PMCID: PMC4545678 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE NOX2 is important for host defense, and yet is implicated in a large number of diseases in which inflammation plays a role in pathogenesis. These include acute and chronic lung inflammatory diseases, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. RECENT ADVANCES Recent drug development programs have targeted several NOX isoforms that are implicated in a variety of diseases. The focus has been primarily on NOX4 and NOX1 rather than on NOX2, due, in part, to concerns about possible immunosuppressive side effects. Nevertheless, NOX2 clearly contributes to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, and its inhibition is predicted to provide a novel therapeutic approach. CRITICAL ISSUES Possible side effects that might arise from targeting NOX2 are discussed, including the possibility that such inhibition will contribute to increased infections and/or autoimmune disorders. The state of the field with regard to existing NOX2 inhibitors and targeted development of novel inhibitors is also summarized. FUTURE DIRECTIONS NOX2 inhibitors show particular promise for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, both acute and chronic. Theoretical side effects include pro-inflammatory and autoimmune complications and should be considered in any therapeutic program, but in our opinion, available data do not indicate that they are sufficiently likely to eliminate NOX2 as a drug target, particularly when weighed against the seriousness of many NOX2-related indications. Model studies demonstrating efficacy with minimal side effects are needed to encourage future development of NOX2 inhibitors as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky A. Diebold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Susan M.E. Smith
- Department of Biology and Physics, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - J. David Lambeth
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Wieczfinska J, Sokolowska M, Pawliczak R. NOX Modifiers-Just a Step Away from Application in the Therapy of Airway Inflammation? Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:428-45. [PMID: 24383678 PMCID: PMC4543397 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes, which are widely expressed in different airway cell types, not only contribute to the maintenance of physiological processes in the airways but also participate in the pathogenesis of many acute and chronic diseases. Therefore, the understanding of NOX isoform regulation, expression, and the manner of their potent inhibition might lead to effective therapeutic approaches. RECENT ADVANCES The study of the role of NADPH oxidases family in airway physiology and pathophysiology should be considered as a work in progress. While key questions still remain unresolved, there is significant progress in terms of our understanding of NOX importance in airway diseases as well as a more efficient way of using NOX modifiers in human settings. CRITICAL ISSUES Agents that modify the activity of NADPH enzyme components would be considered useful tools in the treatment of various airway diseases. Nevertheless, profound knowledge of airway pathology, as well as the mechanisms of NOX regulation is needed to develop potent but safe NOX modifiers. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Many compounds seem to be promising candidates for development into useful therapeutic agents, but their clinical potential is yet to be demonstrated. Further analysis of basic mechanisms in human settings, high-throughput compound scanning, clinical trials with new and existing molecules, and the development of new drug delivery approaches are the main directions of future studies on NOX modifiers. In this article, we discuss the current knowledge with regard to NOX isoform expression and regulation in airway inflammatory diseases as well as the aptitudes and therapeutic potential of NOX modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wieczfinska
- 1 Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz, Poland
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- 2 Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rafal Pawliczak
- 1 Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz, Poland
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Erranz MB, Wilhelm BJ, Riquelme VR, Cruces RP. [Genetic predisposition and Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: New tools for genetic study]. REVISTA CHILENA DE PEDIATRIA 2015; 86:73-79. [PMID: 26235685 DOI: 10.1016/j.rchipe.2015.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most severe form of respiratory failure. Theoretically, any acute lung condition can lead to ARDS, but only a small percentage of individuals actually develop the disease. On this basis, genetic factors have been implicated in the risk of developing ARDS. Based on the pathophysiology of this disease, many candidate genes have been evaluated as potential modifiers in patient, as well as in animal models, of ARDS. Recent experimental data and clinical studies suggest that variations of genes involved in key processes of tissue, cellular and molecular lung damage may influence susceptibility and prognosis of ARDS. However, the pathogenesis of pediatric ARDS is complex, and therefore, it can be expected that many genes might contribute. Genetic variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy-number variations are likely associated with susceptibility to ARDS in children with primary lung injury. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies can objectively examine these variations, and help identify important new genes and pathogenetic pathways for future analysis. This approach might also have diagnostic and therapeutic implications, such as predicting patient risk or developing a personalized therapeutic approach to this serious syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Benjamín Erranz
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Jan Wilhelm
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - V Raquel Riquelme
- Unidad de Paciente Crítico Pediátrica, Hospital El Carmen de Maipú, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Pablo Cruces
- Unidad de Paciente Crítico Pediátrica, Hospital El Carmen de Maipú, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación de Medicina Veterinaria, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.
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Endogeous sulfur dioxide protects against oleic acid-induced acute lung injury in association with inhibition of oxidative stress in rats. J Transl Med 2015; 95:142-56. [PMID: 25581610 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2), an efficient gasotransmitter maintaining homeostasis, in the development of acute lung injury (ALI) remains unidentified. We aimed to investigate the role of endogenous SO2 in the pathogenesis of ALI. An oleic acid (OA)-induced ALI rat model was established. Endogenous SO2 levels, lung injury, oxidative stress markers and apoptosis were examined. OA-induced ALI rats showed a markedly downregulated endogenous SO2/aspartate aminotransferase 1 (AAT1)/AAT2 pathway and severe lung injury. Chemical colorimetry assays demonstrated upregulated reactive oxygen species generation and downregulated antioxidant capacity in OA-induced ALI rats. However, SO2 increased endogenous SO2 levels, protected against oxidative stress and alleviated ALI. Moreover, compared with OA-treated cells, in human alveolar epithelial cells SO2 downregulated O2(-) and OH(-) generation. In contrast, L-aspartic acid-β-hydroxamate (HDX, Sigma-Aldrich Corporation), an inhibitor of endogenous SO2 generating enzyme, promoted free radical generation, upregulated poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase expression, activated caspase-3, as well as promoted cell apoptosis. Importantly, apoptosis could be inhibited by the free radical scavengers glutathione (GSH) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). The results suggest that SO2/AAT1/AAT2 pathway might protect against the development of OA-induced ALI by inhibiting oxidative stress.
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Benipal B, Feinstein SI, Chatterjee S, Dodia C, Fisher AB. Inhibition of the phospholipase A2 activity of peroxiredoxin 6 prevents lung damage with exposure to hyperoxia. Redox Biol 2015; 4:321-7. [PMID: 25637741 PMCID: PMC4803794 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung injury associated with hyperoxia reflects in part the secondary effects of pulmonary inflammation and the associated production of reactive oxygen species due to activation of NADPH oxidase, type 2 (NOX2). Activation of NOX2 requires the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity of peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6). Therefore, we evaluated whether blocking Prdx6 PLA2 activity using the inhibitor MJ33 would be protective in a mouse model of acute lung injury resulting from hyperoxic exposure. Mice were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of MJ33 (2.5nmol/g body weight) at the start of exposure (zero time) and at 48h during continuous exposure to 100% O2 for 80h. Treatment with MJ33 reduced the number of neutrophils and the protein content in the fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage, inhibited the increase in lipid peroxidation products in lung tissue, decreased the number of apoptotic cells in the lung, and decreased the perivascular edema associated with the 80h exposure to hyperoxia. Thus, blocking Prdx6 PLA2 activity by MJ33 significantly protected lungs against damage from hyperoxia, presumably by preventing the activation of NOX2 and the amplification of lung injury associated with inflammation. These findings demonstrate that MJ33, a potent inhibitor of Prdx6 PLA2 activity, can protect mouse lungs against the manifestations of acute lung injury due to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bavneet Benipal
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sheldon I Feinstein
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shampa Chatterjee
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chandra Dodia
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aron B Fisher
- Institute for Environmental Medicine and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Menden H, Welak S, Cossette S, Ramchandran R, Sampath V. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated angiopoietin-2-dependent autocrine angiogenesis is regulated by NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5449-61. [PMID: 25568324 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.600692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-mediated endothelial Angiopoeitin-2 (Ang2) signaling may contribute to microvascular remodeling in the developing lung. The mechanisms by which bacterial cell wall components such as LPS mediate Ang2 signaling in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) remain understudied. In HPMEC, LPS-induced Ang2, Tie2, and VEGF-A protein expression was preceded by increased superoxide formation. NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) inhibition, but not Nox4 or Nox1 inhibition, attenuated LPS-induced superoxide formation and Ang2, Tie2, and VEGF-A expression. Nox2 silencing, but not Nox4 or Nox1 silencing, inhibited LPS-mediated inhibitor of κ-B kinase β (IKKβ) and p38 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB and AP-1. In HPMECs, LPS increased the number of angiogenic tube and network formations in Matrigel by >3-fold. Conditioned media from LPS-treated cells also induced angiogenic tube and network formation in the presence of Toll-like receptor 4 blockade but not in the presence of Ang2 and VEGF blockade. Nox2 inhibition or conditioned media from Nox2-silenced cells attenuated LPS-induced tube and network formation. Ang2 and VEGF-A treatment rescued angiogenesis in Nox2-silenced cells. We propose that Nox2 regulates LPS-mediated Ang2-dependent autocrine angiogenesis in HPMECs through the IKKβ/NF-κB and MAPK/AP-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ramani Ramchandran
- From the Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
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Kim MJ, Ryu JC, Kwon Y, Lee S, Bae YS, Yoon JH, Ryu JH. Dual oxidase 2 in lung epithelia is essential for hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury in mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1803-18. [PMID: 24766345 PMCID: PMC4203470 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Acute lung injury (ALI) induced by excessive hyperoxia has been employed as a model of oxidative stress imitating acute respiratory distress syndrome. Under hyperoxic conditions, overloading quantities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in both lung epithelial and endothelial cells, leading to ALI. Some NADPH oxidase (NOX) family enzymes are responsible for hyperoxia-induced ROS generation in lung epithelial and endothelial cells. However, the molecular mechanisms of ROS production in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and ALI induced by hyperoxia are poorly understood. RESULTS In this study, we show that dual oxidase 2 (DUOX2) is a key NOX enzyme that affects hyperoxia-induced ROS production, particularly in type II AECs, leading to lung injury. In DUOX2 mutant mice (DUOX2(thyd/thyd)) or mice in which DUOX2 expression is knocked down in the lungs, hyperoxia-induced ALI was significantly lower than in wild-type (WT) mice. DUOX2 was mainly expressed in type II AECs, but not endothelial cells, and hyperoxia-induced ROS production was markedly reduced in primary type II AECs isolated from DUOX2(thyd/thyd) mice. Furthermore, DUOX2-generated ROS are responsible for caspase-mediated cell death, inducing ERK and JNK phophorylation in type II AECs. INNOVATION To date, no role for DUOX2 has been defined in hyperoxia-mediated ALI despite it being a NOX homologue and major ROS source in lung epithelium. CONCLUSION Here, we present the novel finding that DUOX2-generated ROS induce AEC death, leading to hyperoxia-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Chan Ryu
- Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Younghee Kwon
- Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suhee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Soo Bae
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Heon Yoon
- Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hwan Ryu
- Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Chuang YC, Shaw HM, Chen CC, Pan HJ, Lai WC, Huang HL. Short-term glutamine supplementation decreases lung inflammation and the receptor for advanced glycation end-products expression in direct acute lung injury in mice. BMC Pulm Med 2014; 14:115. [PMID: 25022445 PMCID: PMC4109782 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-14-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glutamine (GLN) has been reported to improve clinical and experimental sepsis outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying the actions of GLN remain unclear, and may depend upon the route of GLN administration and the model of acute lung injury (ALI) used. The aim of this study was to investigate whether short-term GLN supplementation had an ameliorative effect on the inflammation induced by direct acid and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in mice. Methods Female BALB/c mice were divided into two groups, a control group and a GLN group (4.17% GLN supplementation). After a 10-day feeding period, ALI was induced by intratracheal administration of hydrochloric acid (pH 1.0; 2 mL/kg of body weight [BW]) and LPS (5 mg/kg BW). Mice were sacrificed 3 h after ALI challenge. In this early phase of ALI, serum, lungs, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from the mice were collected for further analysis. Results The results of this study showed that ALI-challenged mice had a significant increase in myeloperoxidase activity and expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α in the lung compared with unchallenged mice. Compared with the control group, GLN pretreatment in ALI-challenged mice reduced the levels of receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and IL-1β production in BALF, with a corresponding decrease in their mRNA expression. The GLN group also had markedly lower in mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and NADPH oxidase-1. Conclusions These results suggest that the benefit of dietary GLN may be partly contributed to an inhibitory effect on RAGE expression and pro-inflammatory cytokines production at an early stage in direct acid and LPS-induced ALI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui-Ling Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Bernard K, Hecker L, Luckhardt TR, Cheng G, Thannickal VJ. NADPH oxidases in lung health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2838-53. [PMID: 24093231 PMCID: PMC4026303 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The evolution of the lungs and circulatory systems in vertebrates ensured the availability of molecular oxygen (O2; dioxygen) for aerobic cellular metabolism of internal organs in large animals. O2 serves as the physiologic terminal acceptor of mitochondrial electron transfer and of the NADPH oxidase (Nox) family of oxidoreductases to generate primarily water and reactive oxygen species (ROS), respectively. RECENT ADVANCES The purposeful generation of ROS by Nox family enzymes suggests important roles in normal physiology and adaptation, most notably in host defense against invading pathogens and in cellular signaling. CRITICAL ISSUES However, there is emerging evidence that, in the context of chronic stress and/or aging, Nox enzymes contribute to the pathogenesis of a number of lung diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Here, we review evolving functions of Nox enzymes in normal lung physiology and emerging pathophysiologic roles in lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bernard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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Cifuentes-Pagano E, Meijles DN, Pagano PJ. The quest for selective nox inhibitors and therapeutics: challenges, triumphs and pitfalls. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:2741-54. [PMID: 24070014 PMCID: PMC4026400 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Numerous studies in animal models and human subjects corroborate that elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in the progression of multiple diseases. As a major source of ROS in many organ systems, the NADPH oxidase (Nox) has become a prime target for therapeutic development. RECENT ADVANCES In recent years, intense efforts have been dedicated to the development of pan- and isoform-specific Nox inhibitors as opposed to antioxidants that proved ineffective in clinical trials. Over the past decade, an array of compounds has been proposed in an attempt to fill this void. CRITICAL ISSUES Although many of these compounds have proven effective as Nox enzyme family inhibitors, isoform specificity has posed a formidable challenge to the scientific community. This review surveys the most prominent Nox inhibitors, and discusses potential isoform specificity, known mechanisms of action, and shortcomings. Some of these inhibitors hold substantial promise as targeted therapeutics. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Increased insight into the mechanisms of action and regulation of this family of enzymes as well as atomic structures of key Nox subunits are expected to give way to a broader spectrum of more potent, efficacious, and specific molecules. These lead molecules will assuredly serve as a basis for drug development aimed at treating a wide array of diseases associated with increased Nox activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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48
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Carnesecchi S, Dunand-Sauthier I, Zanetti F, Singovski G, Deffert C, Donati Y, Cagarelli T, Pache JC, Krause KH, Reith W, Barazzone-Argiroffo C. NOX1 is responsible for cell death through STAT3 activation in hyperoxia and is associated with the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:537-551. [PMID: 24551274 PMCID: PMC3925898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to alveolar cell death in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and we previously demonstrated that NOX1-derived ROS contributed to hyperoxia-induced alveolar cell death in mice. The study investigates whether NOX1 expression is modulated in epithelial cells concomitantly to cell death and associated to STAT3 signaling in the exudative phase of ARDS. In addition, the role of STAT3 activation in NOX1-dependent epithelial cell death was confirmed by using a lung epithelial cell line and in mice exposed to hyperoxia. NOX1 expression, cell death and STAT3 staining were evaluated in the lungs of control and ARDS patients by immunohistochemistry. In parallel, a stable NOX1-silenced murine epithelial cell line (MLE12) and NOX1-deficient mice were used to characterize signalling pathways. In the present study, we show that NOX1 is detected in alveolar epithelial cells of ARDS patients in the exudative stage. In addition, increased alveolar epithelial cell death and phosphorylated STAT3 are observed in ARDS patients and associated with NOX1 expression. Phosphorylated STAT3 is also correlated with TUNEL staining. We also confirmed that NOX1-dependent STAT3 activation participates to alveolar epithelial cell death. Silencing and acute inhibition of NOX1 in MLE12 led to decreased cell death and cleaved-caspase 3 induced by hyperoxia. Additionally, hyperoxia-induced STAT3 phosphorylation is dependent on NOX1 expression and associated with cell death in MLE12 and mice. This study demonstrates that NOX1 is involved in human ARDS pathophysiology and is responsible for the damage occurring in alveolar epithelial cells at least in part via STAT3 signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Carnesecchi
- Department of PediatricsGeneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of GenevaSwitzerland
| | | | - Filippo Zanetti
- Department of PediatricsGeneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Grigory Singovski
- Department of PediatricsGeneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Christine Deffert
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Yves Donati
- Department of PediatricsGeneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Thomas Cagarelli
- Department of PediatricsGeneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Pache
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Walter Reith
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Constance Barazzone-Argiroffo
- Department of PediatricsGeneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Medical School, University of GenevaSwitzerland
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Abstract
Oxidants play an important role in homeostatic function, but excessive oxidant generation has an adverse effect on health. The manipulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) can have a beneficial effect on various lung pathologies. However indiscriminate uses of anti-oxidant strategies have not demonstrated any consistent benefit and may be harmful. Here we propose that nuanced strategies are needed to modulate the oxidant system to obtain a beneficial result in the lung diseases such as Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). We identify novel areas of lung oxidant responses that may yield fruitful therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Mannam
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anup Srivastava
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Patty J Lee
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Maor Sauler
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Predescu DN, Bardita C, Tandon R, Predescu SA. Intersectin-1s: an important regulator of cellular and molecular pathways in lung injury. Pulm Circ 2013; 3:478-98. [PMID: 24618535 PMCID: PMC4070809 DOI: 10.1086/674439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are severe syndromes resulting from the diffuse damage of the pulmonary parenchyma. ALI and ARDS are induced by a plethora of local or systemic insults, leading to the activation of multiple pathways responsible for injury, resolution, and repair or scarring of the lungs. Despite the large efforts aimed at exploring the roles of different pathways in humans and animal models and the great strides made in understanding the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS, the only viable treatment options are still dependent on ventilator and cardiovascular support. Investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for initiation and resolution or advancement toward lung scarring in ALI/ARDS animal models led to a better understanding of the disease's complexity and helped in elucidating the links between ALI and systemic multiorgan failure. Although animal models of ALI/ARDS have pointed out a variety of new ideas for study, there are still limited data regarding the initiating factors, the critical steps in the progression of the disease, and the central mechanisms dictating its resolution or progression to lung scarring. Recent studies link deficiency of intersectin-1s (ITSN-1s), a prosurvival protein of lung endothelial cells, to endothelial barrier dysfunction and pulmonary edema as well as to the repair/recovery from ALI. This review discusses the effects of ITSN-1s deficiency on pulmonary endothelium and its significance in the pathology of ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan N Predescu
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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