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Hollingsworth LR, Veeraraghavan P, Paulo JA, Harper JW, Rauch I. Spatiotemporal proteomic profiling of cellular responses to NLRP3 agonists. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.19.590338. [PMID: 38659763 PMCID: PMC11042255 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.19.590338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin-domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) is an innate immune sensor that forms an inflammasome in response to various cellular stressors. Gain-of-function mutations in NLRP3 cause autoinflammatory diseases and NLRP3 signalling itself exacerbates the pathogenesis of many other human diseases. Despite considerable therapeutic interest, the primary drivers of NLRP3 activation remain controversial due to the diverse array of signals that are integrated through NLRP3. Here, we mapped subcellular proteome changes to lysosomes, mitochondrion, EEA1-positive endosomes, and Golgi caused by the NLRP3 inflammasome agonists nigericin and CL097. We identified several common disruptions to retrograde trafficking pathways, including COPI and Shiga toxin-related transport, in line with recent studies. We further characterized mouse NLRP3 trafficking throughout its activation using temporal proximity proteomics, which supports a recent model of NLRP3 recruitment to endosomes during inflammasome activation. Collectively, these findings provide additional granularity to our understanding of the molecular events driving NLRP3 activation and serve as a valuable resource for cell biological research. We have made our proteomics data accessible through an open-access Shiny browser to facilitate future research within the community, available at: https://harperlab.connect.hms.harvard.edu/inflame/. We will display anonymous peer review for this manuscript on pubpub.org (https://harperlab.pubpub.org/pub/nlrp3/) rather than a traditional journal. Moreover, we invite community feedback on the pubpub version of this manuscript, and we will address criticisms accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Robert Hollingsworth
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Joao A. Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J. Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Isabella Rauch
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University
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2
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Cota CD. Investigating cellular dynamics in tunicates. Genesis 2023; 61:e23574. [PMID: 37984368 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
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Porębska N, Ciura K, Chorążewska A, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opaliński Ł. Multivalent protein-drug conjugates - An emerging strategy for the upgraded precision and efficiency of drug delivery to cancer cells. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108213. [PMID: 37453463 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
With almost 20 million new cases per year, cancer constitutes one of the most important challenges for public health systems. Unlike traditional chemotherapy, targeted anti-cancer strategies employ sophisticated therapeutics to precisely identify and attack cancer cells, limiting the impact of drugs on healthy cells and thereby minimizing the unwanted side effects of therapy. Protein drug conjugates (PDCs) are a rapidly growing group of targeted therapeutics, composed of a cancer-recognition factor covalently coupled to a cytotoxic drug. Several PDCs, mainly in the form of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) that employ monoclonal antibodies as cancer-recognition molecules, are used in the clinic and many PDCs are currently in clinical trials. Highly selective, strong and stable interaction of the PDC with the tumor marker, combined with efficient, rapid endocytosis of the receptor/PDC complex and its subsequent effective delivery to lysosomes, is critical for the efficacy of targeted cancer therapy with PDCs. However, the bivalent architecture of contemporary clinical PDCs is not optimal for tumor receptor recognition or PDCs internalization. In this review, we focus on multivalent PDCs, which represent a rapidly evolving and highly promising therapeutics that overcome most of the limitations of current bivalent PDCs, enhancing the precision and efficiency of drug delivery to cancer cells. We present an expanding set of protein scaffolds used to generate multivalent PDCs that, in addition to folding into well-defined multivalent molecular structures, enable site-specific conjugation of the cytotoxic drug to ensure PDC homogeneity. We provide an overview of the architectures of multivalent PDCs developed to date, emphasizing their efficacy in the targeted treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Porębska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Ciura
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Chorążewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland.
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4
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Thompson W, Papoutsakis ET. The role of biomechanical stress in extracellular vesicle formation, composition and activity. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 66:108158. [PMID: 37105240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cornerstones of intercellular communication with exciting fundamental, clinical, and more broadly biotechnological applications. However, variability in EV composition, which results from the culture conditions used to generate the EVs, poses significant fundamental and applied challenges and a hurdle for scalable bioprocessing. Thus, an understanding of the relationship between EV production (and for clinical applications, manufacturing) and EV composition is increasingly recognized as important and necessary. While chemical stimulation and culture conditions such as cell density are known to influence EV biology, the impact of biomechanical forces on the generation, properties, and biological activity of EVs remains poorly understood. Given the omnipresence of these forces in EV preparation and in biomanufacturing, expanding the understanding of their impact on EV composition-and thus, activity-is vital. Although several publications have examined EV preparation and bioprocessing and briefly discussed biomechanical stresses as variables of interest, this review represents the first comprehensive evaluation of the impact of such stresses on EV production, composition and biological activity. We review how EV biogenesis, cargo, efficacy, and uptake are uniquely affected by various types, magnitudes, and durations of biomechanical forces, identifying trends that emerge both generically and for individual cell types. We also describe implications for scalable bioprocessing, evaluating processes inherent in common EV production and isolation methods, and propose a path forward for rigorous EV quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Thompson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Eleftherios Terry Papoutsakis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, USA.
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5
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Li JH, Trivedi V, Diz-Muñoz A. Understanding the interplay of membrane trafficking, cell surface mechanics, and stem cell differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:123-134. [PMID: 35641408 PMCID: PMC9703995 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells can generate a diversity of cell types during development, regeneration and adult tissue homeostasis. Differentiation changes not only the cell fate in terms of gene expression but also the physical properties and functions of cells, e.g. the secretory activity, cell shape, or mechanics. Conversely, these activities and properties can also regulate differentiation itself. Membrane trafficking is known to modulate signal transduction and thus has the potential to control stem cell differentiation. On the other hand, membrane trafficking, particularly from and to the plasma membrane, depends on the mechanical properties of the cell surface such as tension within the plasma membrane or the cortex. Indeed, recent findings demonstrate that cell surface mechanics can also control cell fate. Here, we review the bidirectional relationships between these three fundamental cellular functions, i.e. membrane trafficking, cell surface mechanics, and stem cell differentiation. Furthermore, we discuss commonly used methods in each field and how combining them with new tools will enhance our understanding of their interplay. Understanding how membrane trafficking and cell surface mechanics can guide stem cell fate holds great potential as these concepts could be exploited for directed differentiation of stem cells for the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hui Li
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Vikas Trivedi
- EMBL, PRBB, Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain,Developmental Biology Unit, EMBL, Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstraße 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany.
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Tan T, Wu C, Liu B, Pan BF, Hawke DH, Su Z, Liu S, Zhang W, Wang R, Lin SH, Kuang J. Revisiting the multisite phosphorylation that produces the M-phase supershift of key mitotic regulators. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar115. [PMID: 35976701 PMCID: PMC9635296 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-04-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The term M-phase supershift denotes the phosphorylation-dependent substantial increase in the apparent molecular weight of numerous proteins of varied biological functions during M-phase induction. Although the M-phase supershift of multiple key mitotic regulators has been attributed to the multisite phosphorylation catalyzed by the Cdk1/cyclin B/Cks complex, this view is challenged by multiple lines of paradoxical observations. To solve this problem, we reconstituted the M-phase supershift of Xenopus Cdc25C, Myt1, Wee1A, APC3 and Greatwall in Xenopus egg extracts and characterized the supershift-producing phosphorylations. Our results demonstrate that their M-phase supershifts are each due to simultaneous phosphorylation of a considerable portion of S/T/Y residues in a long intrinsically disordered region that is enriched in both S/T residues and S/TP motifs. Although the major mitotic kinases in Xenopus egg extracts, Cdk1, MAPK, Plx1 and RSK2, are able to phosphorylate the five mitotic regulators, they are neither sufficient nor required to produce the M-phase supershift. Accordingly, inhibition of the four major mitotic kinase activities in Xenopus oocytes did not inhibit the M-phase supershift in okadaic acid-induced oocyte maturation. These findings indicate that the M-phase supershift is produced by a previously unrecognized category of mitotic phosphorylation that likely plays important roles in M-phase induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Tan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical School, The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chuanfen Wu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Boye Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education
| | - Bih-Fang Pan
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David H Hawke
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zehao Su
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuaishuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Kuang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Djakbarova U, Madraki Y, Chan ET, Kural C. Dynamic interplay between cell membrane tension and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Biol Cell 2021; 113:344-373. [PMID: 33788963 PMCID: PMC8898183 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Deformability of the plasma membrane, the outermost surface of metazoan cells, allows cells to be dynamic, mobile and flexible. Factors that affect this deformability, such as tension on the membrane, can regulate a myriad of cellular functions, including membrane resealing, cell motility, polarisation, shape maintenance, membrane area control and endocytic vesicle trafficking. This review focuses on mechanoregulation of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). We first delineate the origins of cell membrane tension and the factors that yield to its spatial and temporal fluctuations within cells. We then review the recent literature demonstrating that tension on the membrane is a fast-acting and reversible regulator of CME. Finally, we discuss tension-based regulation of endocytic clathrin coat formation during physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasaman Madraki
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Emily T. Chan
- Interdiscipiinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Molecular Biophysics Training Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Comert Kural
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Interdiscipiinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Cortez‐Jugo C, Czuba‐Wojnilowicz E, Tan A, Caruso F. A Focus on "Bio" in Bio-Nanoscience: The Impact of Biological Factors on Nanomaterial Interactions. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100574. [PMID: 34170631 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bio-nanoscience research encompasses studies on the interactions of nanomaterials with biological structures or what is commonly referred to as the biointerface. Fundamental studies on the influence of nanomaterial properties, including size, shape, composition, and charge, on the interaction with the biointerface have been central in bio-nanoscience to assess nanomaterial efficacy and safety for a range of biomedical applications. However, the state of the cells, tissues, or biological models can also influence the behavior of nanomaterials at the biointerface and their intracellular processing. Focusing on the "bio" in bio-nano, this review discusses the impact of biological properties at the cellular, tissue, and whole organism level that influences nanomaterial behavior, including cell type, cell cycle, tumor physiology, and disease states. Understanding how the biological factors can be addressed or exploited to enhance nanomaterial accumulation and uptake can guide the design of better and suitable models to improve the outcomes of materials in nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cortez‐Jugo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Ewa Czuba‐Wojnilowicz
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Abigail Tan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology, and the Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3010 Australia
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9
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Poźniak M, Porębska N, Krzyścik MA, Sokołowska-Wędzina A, Jastrzębski K, Sochacka M, Szymczyk J, Zakrzewska M, Otlewski J, Opaliński Ł. The cytotoxic conjugate of highly internalizing tetravalent antibody for targeting FGFR1-overproducing cancer cells. Mol Med 2021; 27:46. [PMID: 33962559 PMCID: PMC8103757 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00306-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) represent one of the most promising approaches in the current immuno-oncology research. The precise delivery of cytotoxic drugs to the cancer cells using ADCs specific for tumor-associated antigens enables sparing the healthy cells and thereby reduces unwanted side effects. Overexpression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) has been demonstrated in numerous tumors and thereby constitutes a convenient molecular target for selective cancer treatment. We have recently engineered tetravalent anti-FGFR1 antibody, T-Fc, and have demonstrated that it displays extremely efficient internalization into FGFR1 producing cells, a feature highly desirable in the ADC approach. We have revealed that T-Fc mediates clustering of FGFR1, largely enhancing the uptake of FGFR1-T-Fc complexes by induction of clathrin-independent endocytic routes. The aim of this study was to obtain highly internalizing cytotoxic conjugate of the T-Fc for specific delivery of drugs into FGFR1-positive cancer cells. METHODS Conjugation of the T-Fc to a cytotoxic payload, vcMMAE, was carried out via maleimide chemistry, yielding the T-Fc-vcMMAE. The specific binding of the T-Fc-vcMMAE conjugate to FGFR1 was confirmed in vitro with BLI technique. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were applied to determine FGFR1-dependence of the T-Fc-vcMMAE internalization. Western blot analyses of FGFR1-dependent signaling were conducted to assess the impact of the T-Fc-vcMMAE on FGFR1 activation and initiation of downstream signaling cascades. Finally, using FGFR1-negative and FGFR1-possitive cell lines, the cytotoxic potential of the T-Fc-vcMMAE was evaluated. RESULTS We have performed the efficient conjugation of the tetravalent engineered antibody with a cytotoxic drug and generated FGFR1-specific ADC molecule, T-Fc-vcMMAE. We have demonstrated that T-Fc-vcMMAE conjugate exhibits high selectivity and affinity for FGFR1, similarly to T-Fc. Furthermore, we have shown that T-Fc constitutes an effective drug delivery vehicle as T-Fc-vcMMAE was efficiently and selectively internalized by FGFR1-producing cells leading to their death. Interestingly, we show that the efficiency of the uptake of T-Fc-vcMMAE corresponds well with the cytotoxicity of the conjugate, but doesn't correlate with the FGFR1expression level. CONCLUSION Our results show that T-Fc-vcMMAE fulfills the key criteria for the successful cytotoxic drug carrier in a targeted approach against FGFR1-positive cancer cells. Furthermore, our data implicate that not solely expression level of the receptor, but rather its cellular trafficking should be taken into account for selection of suitable molecular targets and cancer models for successful ADC approach.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Engineering
- Humans
- Immunoconjugates/chemistry
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Poźniak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Porębska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Adam Krzyścik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Sokołowska-Wędzina
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Jastrzębski
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Sochacka
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Szymczyk
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Opaliński
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Han Z, Hao X, Zhou CJ, Wang J, Wen X, Wang XY, Zhang DJ, Liang CG. Clathrin Heavy Chain 1 Plays Essential Roles During Oocyte Meiotic Spindle Formation and Early Embryonic Development in Sheep. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:609311. [PMID: 33718352 PMCID: PMC7946971 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.609311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major protein of the polyhedral coat of coated pits and vesicles, clathrin molecules have been shown to play a stabilization role for kinetochore fibers of the mitotic spindle by acting as inter-microtubule bridges. Clathrin heavy chain 1 (CLTC), the basic subunit of the clathrin coat, plays vital roles in both spindle assembly and chromosome congression during somatic-cell mitosis. However, its function in oocyte meiotic maturation and early embryo development in mammals, especially in domesticated animals, has not been fully investigated. In this study, the expression profiles and functional roles of CLTC in sheep oocytes were investigated. Our results showed that the expression of CLTC was maintained at a high level from the germinal vesicle (GV) stage to metaphase II stage and that CLTC was distributed diffusely in the cytoplasm of cells at interphase, from the GV stage to the blastocyst stage. After GV breakdown (GVBD), CLTC co-localized with beta-tubulin during metaphase. Oocyte treatments with taxol, nocodazole, or cold did not affect CLTC expression levels but led to disorders of its distribution. Functional impairment of CLTC by specific morpholino injections in GV-stage oocytes led to disruptions in spindle assembly and chromosomal alignment, accompanied by impaired first polar body (PB1) emissions. In addition, knockdown of CLTC before parthenogenetic activation disrupted spindle formation and impaired early embryo development. Taken together, the results demonstrate that CLTC plays a vital role in sheep oocyte maturation via the regulation of spindle dynamics and an essential role during early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xing-Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - De-Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Cheng-Guang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 and Aurora Kinase choreograph mitotic storage and redistribution of a growth factor receptor. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001029. [PMID: 33395410 PMCID: PMC7808676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endosomal trafficking of receptors and associated proteins plays a critical role in signal processing. Until recently, it was thought that trafficking was shut down during cell division. Thus, remarkably, the regulation of trafficking during division remains poorly characterized. Here we delineate the role of mitotic kinases in receptor trafficking during asymmetric division. Targeted perturbations reveal that Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) and Aurora Kinase promote storage of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) by suppressing endosomal degradation and recycling pathways. As cells progress through metaphase, loss of CDK1 activity permits differential degradation and targeted recycling of stored receptors, leading to asymmetric induction. Mitotic receptor storage, as delineated in this study, may facilitate rapid reestablishment of signaling competence in nascent daughter cells. However, mutations that limit or enhance the release of stored signaling components could alter daughter cell fate or behavior thereby promoting oncogenesis. This study provides fundamental insights into the crosstalk between cell division and signaling, with implications for cancer. High-resolution in vivo analysis reveals that dividing cells sequester signal receptor proteins into internal compartments; stored receptors are then redistributed as cells complete division.
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12
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Yu H, Li Y, Li L, Huang J, Wang X, Tang R, Jiang Z, Lv L, Chen F, Yu C, Yuan K. Functional reciprocity of proteins involved in mitosis and endocytosis. FEBS J 2020; 288:5850-5866. [PMID: 33300206 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitosis and endocytosis are two fundamental cellular processes essential for maintaining a eukaryotic life. Mitosis partitions duplicated chromatin enveloped in the nuclear membrane into two new cells, whereas endocytosis takes in extracellular substances through membrane invagination. These two processes are spatiotemporally separated and seemingly unrelated. However, recent studies have uncovered that endocytic proteins have moonlighting functions in mitosis, and mitotic complexes manifest additional roles in endocytosis. In this review, we summarize important proteins or protein complexes that participate in both processes, compare their mechanism of action, and discuss the rationale behind this multifunctionality. We also speculate on the possible origin of the functional reciprocity from an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinshuang Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Xujuan Wang
- The High School Attached to Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruijun Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenghui Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhong Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,The Biobank of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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13
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Pozniak M, Sokolowska-Wedzina A, Jastrzebski K, Szymczyk J, Porebska N, Krzyscik MA, Zakrzewska M, Miaczynska M, Otlewski J, Opalinski L. FGFR1 clustering with engineered tetravalent antibody improves the efficiency and modifies the mechanism of receptor internalization. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1998-2021. [PMID: 32511887 PMCID: PMC7463352 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) transmits signals through the plasma membrane regulating essential cellular processes like division, motility, metabolism, and death. Overexpression of FGFR1 is observed in numerous tumors and thus constitutes an attractive molecular target for selective cancer treatment. Targeted anti‐cancer therapies aim for the precise delivery of drugs into cancer cells, sparing the healthy ones and thus limiting unwanted side effects. One of the key steps in targeted drug delivery is receptor‐mediated endocytosis. Here, we show that the efficiency and the mechanism of FGFR1 internalization are governed by the spatial distribution of the receptor in the plasma membrane. Using engineered antibodies of different valency, we demonstrate that dimerization of FGFR1 with bivalent antibody triggers clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME) of the receptor. Clustering of FGFR1 into larger oligomers with tetravalent antibody stimulates fast and highly efficient uptake of the receptor that occurs via two distinct mechanisms: CME and dynamin‐dependent clathrin‐independent endocytic routes. Furthermore, we show that all endocytic pathways engaged in FGFR1 internalization do not require receptor activation. Our data provide novel insights into the mechanisms of intracellular trafficking of FGFR1 and constitute guidelines for development of highly internalizing antibody‐based drug carriers for targeted therapy of FGFR1‐overproducing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pozniak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Kamil Jastrzebski
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Poland
| | - Jakub Szymczyk
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Porebska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Adam Krzyscik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Poland.,Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Miaczynska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Opalinski
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Department of Protein Engineering, University of Wroclaw, Poland
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14
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Tanaka M, Fujimoto K, Yumura S. Regulation of the Total Cell Surface Area in Dividing Dictyostelium Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:238. [PMID: 32322581 PMCID: PMC7156592 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When a cell divides into two daughter cells, the total cell surface area should increase. There are two models for membrane supply to support cell division: (1) unfolding of small surface membrane reservoirs such as microvilli or wrinkles and (2) exocytosis of intracellular vesicles. Here, we precisely measured the total cell surface area in dividing Dictyostelium cells, flattened by the agar overlay that eliminated the complexity of unfolding surface membrane reservoirs. Because the cells divided normally under the agar overlay, unfolding of surface membrane reservoirs was not required for cell division. Under the agar overlay, the total cell surface area slightly decreased from the interphase to the metaphase and then increased about 20% during cytokinesis. Both endocytosis and exocytosis were suppressed in the early mitotic phase but recovered during cytokinesis. The imbalance of endocytosis and exocytosis could contribute to the changes observed in the cell surface area. Clathrin-dependent endocytosis was also substantially suppressed during cytokinesis, but contrary to previous reports in cultured animal cells, it did not significantly contribute to the regulation of the cell surface area. Furrowing during cytokinesis was indispensable for the cell membrane increase, and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Tanaka
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Koushiro Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Yumura
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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15
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Lock JG, Baschieri F, Jones MC, Humphries JD, Montagnac G, Strömblad S, Humphries MJ. Clathrin-containing adhesion complexes. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:2086-2095. [PMID: 31208994 PMCID: PMC6605790 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201811160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the mechanisms whereby cell adhesion complexes (ACs) relay signals bidirectionally across the plasma membrane is necessary to interpret the role of adhesion in regulating migration, differentiation, and growth. A range of AC types has been defined, but to date all have similar compositions and are dependent on a connection to the actin cytoskeleton. Recently, a new class of AC has been reported that normally lacks association with both the cytoskeleton and integrin-associated adhesome components, but is rich in components of the clathrin-mediated endocytosis machinery. The characterization of this new type of adhesion structure, which is emphasized by mitotic cells and cells in long-term culture, identifies a hitherto underappreciated link between the adhesion machinery and clathrin structures at the plasma membrane. While this discovery has implications for how ACs are assembled and disassembled, it raises many other issues. Consequently, to increase awareness within the field, and stimulate research, we explore a number of the most significant questions below.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Lock
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Francesco Baschieri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Matthew C Jones
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan D Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Guillaume Montagnac
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1170, Gustave Roussy Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Staffan Strömblad
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Martin J Humphries
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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16
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Activation of Arp2/3 by WASp Is Essential for the Endocytosis of Delta Only during Cytokinesis in Drosophila. Cell Rep 2019; 28:1-10.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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17
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Wee P, Wang Z. Regulation of EGFR Endocytosis by CBL During Mitosis. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120257. [PMID: 30544639 PMCID: PMC6315415 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The overactivation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is implicated in various cancers. Endocytosis plays an important role in EGFR-mediated cell signaling. We previously found that EGFR endocytosis during mitosis is mediated differently from interphase. While the regulation of EGFR endocytosis in interphase is well understood, little is known regarding the regulation of EGFR endocytosis during mitosis. Here, we found that contrary to interphase cells, mitotic EGFR endocytosis is more reliant on the activation of the E3 ligase CBL. By transfecting HeLa, MCF-7, and 293T cells with CBL siRNA or dominant-negative 70z-CBL, we found that at high EGF doses, CBL is required for EGFR endocytosis in mitotic cells, but not in interphase cells. In addition, the endocytosis of mutant EGFR Y1045F-YFP (mutation at the direct CBL binding site) is strongly delayed. The endocytosis of truncated EGFR Δ1044-YFP that does not bind to CBL is completely inhibited in mitosis. Moreover, EGF induces stronger ubiquitination of mitotic EGFR than interphase EGFR, and mitotic EGFR is trafficked to lysosomes for degradation. Furthermore, we showed that, different from interphase, low doses of EGF still stimulate EGFR endocytosis by non-clathrin mediated endocytosis (NCE) in mitosis. Contrary to interphase, CBL and the CBL-binding regions of EGFR are required for mitotic EGFR endocytosis at low doses. This is due to the mitotic ubiquitination of the EGFR even at low EGF doses. We conclude that mitotic EGFR endocytosis exclusively proceeds through CBL-mediated NCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wee
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Signal Transduction Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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18
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McGovern OL, Rivera-Cuevas Y, Kannan G, Narwold AJ, Carruthers VB. Intersection of endocytic and exocytic systems in Toxoplasma gondii. Traffic 2018; 19:336-353. [PMID: 29437275 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Host cytosolic proteins are endocytosed by Toxoplasma gondii and degraded in its lysosome-like compartment, the vacuolar compartment (VAC), but the dynamics and route of endocytic trafficking remain undefined. Conserved endocytic components and plant-like features suggest T. gondii endocytic trafficking involves transit through early and late endosome-like compartments (ELCs) and potentially the trans-Golgi network (TGN) as in plants. However, exocytic trafficking to regulated secretory organelles, micronemes and rhoptries, also proceeds through ELCs and requires classical endocytic components, including a dynamin-related protein, DrpB. Here, we show that host cytosolic proteins are endocytosed within 7 minutes post-invasion, trafficked through ELCs en route to the VAC, and degraded within 30 minutes. We could not definitively interpret if ingested protein is trafficked through the TGN. We also found that parasites ingest material from the host cytosol throughout the parasite cell cycle. Ingested host proteins colocalize with immature microneme proteins, proM2AP and proMIC5, in transit to the micronemes, but not with the immature rhoptry protein proRON4, indicating that endocytic trafficking of ingested protein intersects with exocytic trafficking of microneme proteins. Finally, we show that conditional expression of a DrpB dominant negative mutant increases T. gondii ingestion of host-derived proteins, suggesting that DrpB is not required for parasite endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia L McGovern
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yolanda Rivera-Cuevas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Geetha Kannan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Andrew J Narwold
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vern B Carruthers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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19
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Endosomal Trafficking During Mitosis and Notch-Dependent Asymmetric Division. ENDOCYTOSIS AND SIGNALING 2018; 57:301-329. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-96704-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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20
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Chelobanov BP, Repkova MN, Baiborodin SI, Ryabchikova EI, Stetsenko DA. Nuclear delivery of oligonucleotides via nanocomposites based on TiO2 nanoparticles and polylysine. Mol Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893317050065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Przybylski S, Gasch M, Marschner A, Ebert M, Ewe A, Helmig G, Hilger N, Fricke S, Rudzok S, Aigner A, Burkhardt J. Influence of nanoparticle-mediated transfection on proliferation of primary immune cells in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176517. [PMID: 28463994 PMCID: PMC5412997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the main obstacles in the widespread application of gene therapeutic approaches is the necessity for efficient and safe transfection methods. For the introduction of small oligonucleotide gene therapeutics into a target cell, nanoparticle-based methods have been shown to be highly effective and safe. While immune cells are a most interesting target for gene therapy, transfection might influence basic immune functions such as cytokine expression and proliferation, and thus positively or negatively affect therapeutic intervention. Therefore, we investigated the effects of nanoparticle-mediated transfection such as polyethylenimine (PEI) or magnetic beads on immune cell proliferation. METHODS Human adherent and non-adherent PBMCs were transfected by various methods (e.g. PEI, Lipofectamine® 2000, magnetofection) and stimulated. Proliferation was measured by lymphocyte transformation test (LTT). Cell cycle stages as well as expression of proliferation relevant genes were analyzed. Additionally, the impact of nanoparticles was investigated in vivo in a murine model of the severe systemic immune disease GvHD (graft versus host disease). RESULTS The proliferation of primary immune cells was influenced by nanoparticle-mediated transfection. In particular in the case of magnetic beads, proliferation inhibition coincided with short-term cell cycle arrest and reduced expression of genes relevant for immune cell proliferation. Notably, proliferation inhibition translated into beneficial effects in a murine GvHD model with animals treated with PEI-nanoparticles showing increased survival (pPEI = 0.002) most likely due to reduced inflammation. CONCLUSION This study shows for the first time that nanoparticles utilized for gene therapeutic transfection are able to alter proliferation of immune cells and that this effect depends on the type of nanoparticle. For magnetic beads, this was accompanied by temporary cell cycle arrest. Notably, in GvHD this nonspecific anti-proliferative effect might contribute to reduced inflammation and increased survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Przybylski
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michaela Gasch
- Translationszentrum für Regenerative Medizin (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Marschner
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcus Ebert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Ewe
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gisa Helmig
- Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadja Hilger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Rudzok
- Translationszentrum für Regenerative Medizin (TRM), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Burkhardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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22
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Gao Z, Niu X, Zhang Q, Chen H, Gao A, Qi S, Xiang R, Belting M, Zhang S. Mitochondria chaperone GRP75 moonlighting as a cell cycle controller to derail endocytosis provides an opportunity for nanomicrosphere intracellular delivery. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58536-58552. [PMID: 28938577 PMCID: PMC5601673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how cancer cells regulate endocytosis during the cell cycle could lead us to capitalize this event pharmacologically. Although certain endocytosis pathways are attenuated during mitosis, the endocytosis shift and regulation during the cell cycle have not been well clarified. The conventional concept of glucose-regulated proteins (GRPs) as protein folding chaperones was updated by discoveries that translocated GRPs assume moonlighting functions that modify the immune response, regulate viral release, and control intracellular trafficking. In this study, GRP75, a mitochondria matrix chaperone, was discovered to be highly expressed in mitotic cancer cells. Using synchronized cell models and the GRP75 gene knockdown and ectopic overexpression strategy, we showed that: (1) clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) was inhibited whereas clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) was unchanged or even up-regulated in the cell cycle M-phase; (2) GRP75 inhibited CME but promoted CIE in the M-phase, which is largely due to its high expression in cancer cell mitochondria; (3) GRP75 targeting by its small molecular inhibitor MKT-077 enhanced cell cycle G1 phase-privileged CME, which provides an opportunity for intracellular delivery of nanomicrospheres sized from 40 nm to 100 nm. Together, our results revealed that GRP75 moonlights as a cell cycle controller and endocytosis regulator in cancer cells, and thus has potential as a novel interference target for nanoparticle drugs delivery into dormant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Gao
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuran Niu
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aiai Gao
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shanshan Qi
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mattias Belting
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sihe Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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23
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Cellular Reorganization during Mitotic Entry. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:26-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Hung HF, Hehnly H, Doxsey S. Methods to analyze novel liaisons between endosomes and centrosomes. Methods Cell Biol 2016; 130:47-58. [PMID: 26360027 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
For some time, it has been known that recycling endosomes (REs) are organized in a nebulous "pericentrosomal" region in interphase cells. However, the collective use of previously developed methods, including centrosome isolation, live cell imaging, and electron microscopy, suggested that there is much more going on between the centrosome and the RE than previously imagined. By exploiting these approaches, we uncovered novel roles of the centrosome in RE function and, conversely, novel roles for REs in centrosome function. We first found that REs dynamically localized to the centrosome throughout the cell cycle. More specifically, we found that REs interacted with appendages of the older centriole in interphase cells to control endosome recycling, and this interaction was governed by RE-machinery including the small GTPase Rab11. We next determined that REs carry centrosome proteins to spindle poles as part of the "centrosome maturation" process. Here we discuss the methods used and materials needed to complete these types of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Hung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Heidi Hehnly
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen Doxsey
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Elis E, Ehrlich M, Bacharach E. Dynamics and restriction of murine leukemia virus cores in mitotic and interphase cells. Retrovirology 2015; 12:95. [PMID: 26577111 PMCID: PMC4650138 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-015-0220-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) naturally infect unsynchronized T and B lymphocytes, thus, the incoming virus encounters both interphase and mitotic cells. While it is well accepted that MLV requires cell division to complete its replication cycle, it is not known if ab initio infection of mitotic cells can result in productive infection. This question is highly relevant since the milieu of mitotic cells is markedly different from this of interphase cells; e.g. lacking radial microtubule network and intact nuclear envelope. To follow MLV infection in mitotic and interphase cells in real-time, we employed our recently developed infectious MLV particles with labeled cores, cellular models expressing fluorescence markers of different intracellular compartments and protocols for reversible mitotic arrest of MLV-susceptible cells. RESULTS Multi-wavelength live cell imaging was employed to simultaneously visualize GFP-labeled MLV cores, DiD-labeled viral or cellular membranes, and fluorescently-labeled microtubules or chromosomes. Cells were imaged either at interphase or upon mitotic arrest with microtubule poisons. Analysis of virus localization and trajectories revealed entry by endocytosis at interphase and mitosis, and correlation between viral mobility parameters and presence or absence of polymerized interphase microtubules. The success of infection of viruses that entered cells in mitosis was evidenced by their ability to reverse transcribe, their targeting to condensed chromosomes in the absence of radial microtubule network, and gene expression upon exit from mitosis. Comparison of infection by N, B or NB -tropic viruses in interphase and mitotic human cells revealed reduced restriction of the N-tropic virus, for infection initiated in mitosis. CONCLUSIONS The milieu of the mitotic cells supports all necessary requirements for early stages of MLV infection. Such milieu is suboptimal for restriction of N-tropic viruses, most likely by TRIM5α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Elis
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Eran Bacharach
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Durymanov MO, Yarutkin AV, Khramtsov YV, Rosenkranz AA, Sobolev AS. Live imaging of transgene expression in Cloudman S91 melanoma cells after polyplex-mediated gene delivery. J Control Release 2015; 215:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Radicioni G, Stringaro A, Molinari A, Nocca G, Longhi R, Pirolli D, Scarano E, Iavarone F, Manconi B, Cabras T, Messana I, Castagnola M, Vitali A. Characterization of the cell penetrating properties of a human salivary proline-rich peptide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2868-77. [PMID: 26325345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Saliva contains hundreds of small proline-rich peptides most of which derive from the post-translational and post-secretory processing of the acidic and basic salivary proline-rich proteins. Among these peptides we found that a 20 residue proline-rich peptide (p1932), commonly present in human saliva and patented for its antiviral activity, was internalized within cells of the oral mucosa. The cell-penetrating properties of p1932 have been studied in a primary gingival fibroblast cell line and in a squamous cancer cell line, and compared to its retro-inverso form. We observed by mass-spectrometry, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy that both peptides were internalized in the two cell lines on a time scale of minutes, being the natural form more efficient than the retro-inverso one. The cytosolic localization was dependent on the cell type: both peptide forms were able to localize within nuclei of tumoral cells, but not in the nuclei of gingival fibroblasts. The uptake was shown to be dependent on the culture conditions used: peptide internalization was indeed effective in a complete medium than in a serum-free one allowing the hypothesis that the internalization could be dependent on the cell cycle. Both peptides were internalized likely by a lipid raft-mediated endocytosis mechanism as suggested by the reduced uptake in the presence of methyl-ß-cyclodextrin. These results suggest that the natural peptide may play a role within the cells of the oral mucosa after its secretion and subsequent internalization. Furthermore, lack of cytotoxicity of both peptide forms highlights their possible application as novel drug delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Radicioni
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Catholic University, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Annarita Stringaro
- Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Agnese Molinari
- Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Nocca
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Catholic University, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Renato Longhi
- Istituto per la Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Italian National Research Council, Via Mario Bianco, 9, 20100 Milan, Italy.
| | - Davide Pirolli
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Catholic University, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Scarano
- Dipartimento di Otorinolaringoiatria, Facoltà di Medicina, Catholic University, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Iavarone
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Catholic University, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Barbara Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Applicate ai Biosistemi, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Cabras
- Dipartimento di Scienze Applicate ai Biosistemi, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Irene Messana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Applicate ai Biosistemi, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Massimo Castagnola
- Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Facoltà di Medicina, Catholic University, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alberto Vitali
- Istituto per la Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Italian National Research Council, Rome, L. go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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28
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Grecchi S, Malatesta M. Visualizing endocytotic pathways at transmission electron microscopy via diaminobenzidine photo-oxidation by a fluorescent cell-membrane dye. Eur J Histochem 2014; 58:2449. [PMID: 25578976 PMCID: PMC4289848 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocytotic pathway involves a complex, dynamic and interacting system of intracellular compartments. PKH26 is a fluorescent dye specific for long-lasting cell membrane labelling which has been successfully used for investigating cell internalization processes, at either flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy. In the present work, diaminobenzidine photo-oxidation was tested as a procedure to detect PKH26 dye at transmission electron microscopy. Our results demonstrated that DAB-photo-oxidation is a suitable technique to specifically visualise this fluorescent dye at the ultrastructural level: the distribution of the granular dark reaction product perfectly matches the pattern of the fluorescence staining, and the electron density of the fine precipitates makes the signal evident and precisely detectable on the different subcellular compartments involved in the plasma membrane internalization routes.
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29
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Mettlen M, Danuser G. Imaging and modeling the dynamics of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2014; 6:a017038. [PMID: 25167858 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a017038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) plays a central role in cellular homeostasis and is mediated by clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). Live-cell imaging has revealed a remarkable heterogeneity in CCP assembly kinetics, which can be used as an intrinsic source of mechanistic information on CCP regulation but also poses several major problems for unbiased analysis of CME dynamics. The backbone of unveiling the molecular control of CME is an imaging-based inventory of the full diversity of individual CCP behaviors, which requires detection and tracking of structural fiduciaries and regulatory proteins with an accuracy of >99.9%, despite very low signals. This level of confidence can only be achieved by combining appropriate imaging modalities with self-diagnostic computational algorithms for image analysis and data mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Mettlen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235-9039
| | - Gaudenz Danuser
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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30
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Abstract
A recent study revealed new roles for the Rab11 GTPase during mitosis. Rab11 is involved in recycling endosome localization to mitotic spindle poles via dynein-mediated transport. This process is in contrast to Golgi membranes, which disperse in mitosis and do not appear to directly contribute to mitotic functions. Rab11-depletion prevents recycling endosome organization at spindle poles, delays mitotic progression, and disrupts spindle pole protein recruitment, astral microtubule organization, and mitotic spindle orientation. However, Rab11 is not the only endocytic and/or trafficking protein that regulates mitotic progression. Clathrin and two small GTPases (Rab6A', Rab5) play key roles in spindle organization and function. In this commentary, we discuss the roles of all these canonical endocytic and membrane trafficking proteins during mitosis and speculate on possible cross-communication between them and their molecular pathways that ensure faithful progression through mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heidi Hehnly
- Program in Molecular Medicine; Worcester, MA USA
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31
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Lancaster OM, Baum B. Shaping up to divide: coordinating actin and microtubule cytoskeletal remodelling during mitosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 34:109-15. [PMID: 24607328 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell division requires the wholesale reorganization of cell architecture. At the same time as the microtubule network is remodelled to generate a bipolar spindle, animal cells entering mitosis replace their interphase actin cytoskeleton with a contractile mitotic actomyosin cortex that is tightly coupled to the plasma membrane--driving mitotic cell rounding. Here, we consider how these two processes are coordinated to couple chromosome segregation and cell division. In doing so we explore the relative roles of cell shape and the actin cortex in spindle morphogenesis, orientation and positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar M Lancaster
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Buzz Baum
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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32
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Shenje LT, Andersen P, Halushka MK, Lui C, Fernandez L, Collin GB, Amat-Alarcon N, Meschino W, Cutz E, Chang K, Yonescu R, Batista DAS, Chen Y, Chelko S, Crosson JE, Scheel J, Vricella L, Craig BD, Marosy BA, Mohr DW, Hetrick KN, Romm JM, Scott AF, Valle D, Naggert JK, Kwon C, Doheny KF, Judge DP. Mutations in Alström protein impair terminal differentiation of cardiomyocytes. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3416. [PMID: 24595103 PMCID: PMC3992616 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte cell division and replication in mammals proceed through embryonic development and abruptly decline soon after birth. The process governing cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest is poorly understood. Here we carry out whole-exome sequencing in an infant with evidence of persistent postnatal cardiomyocyte replication to determine the genetic risk factors. We identify compound heterozygous ALMS1 mutations in the proband, and confirm their presence in her affected sibling, one copy inherited from each heterozygous parent. Next, we recognize homozygous or compound heterozygous truncating mutations in ALMS1 in four other children with high levels of postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. Alms1 mRNA knockdown increases multiple markers of proliferation in cardiomyocytes, the percentage of cardiomyocytes in G2/M phases, and the number of cardiomyocytes by 10% in cultured cells. Homozygous Alms1-mutant mice have increased cardiomyocyte proliferation at 2 weeks postnatal compared with wild-type littermates. We conclude that deficiency of Alström protein impairs postnatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln T. Shenje
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Peter Andersen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Marc K. Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Cecillia Lui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Laviel Fernandez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | | | - Nuria Amat-Alarcon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Wendy Meschino
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON, M2K 1E1 Canada
| | - Ernest Cutz
- Division of Pathology, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Kenneth Chang
- Division of Pathology, Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8 Canada
- KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital and Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 229899
| | - Raluca Yonescu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Denise A. S. Batista
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Stephen Chelko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Jane E. Crosson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Janet Scheel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Luca Vricella
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Brian D. Craig
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Beth A. Marosy
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - David W. Mohr
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
- High Throughput Sequencing Facility, Genetic Resources Core Facility, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Kurt N. Hetrick
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Jane M. Romm
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Alan F. Scott
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
- High Throughput Sequencing Facility, Genetic Resources Core Facility, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | | | - Chulan Kwon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Kimberly F. Doheny
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
| | - Daniel P. Judge
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287 USA
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33
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Kaur S, Fielding AB, Gassner G, Carter NJ, Royle SJ. An unmet actin requirement explains the mitotic inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. eLife 2014; 3:e00829. [PMID: 24550251 PMCID: PMC3924242 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) is the major internalisation route for many different receptor types in mammalian cells. CME is shut down during early mitosis, but the mechanism of this inhibition is unclear. In this study, we show that the mitotic shutdown is due to an unmet requirement for actin in CME. In mitotic cells, membrane tension is increased and this invokes a requirement for the actin cytoskeleton to assist the CME machinery to overcome the increased load. However, the actin cytoskeleton is engaged in the formation of a rigid cortex in mitotic cells and is therefore unavailable for deployment. We demonstrate that CME can be ‘restarted’ in mitotic cells despite high membrane tension, by allowing actin to engage in endocytosis. Mitotic phosphorylation of endocytic proteins is maintained in mitotic cells with restored CME, indicating that direct phosphorylation of the CME machinery does not account for shutdown. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00829.001 The plasma membrane that surrounds a cell acts as a protective barrier that regulates what can enter or exit the cell. However, large molecules and other ‘cargo’ can get into a cell in a variety of ways. One of these routes—known as clathrin-mediated endocytosis—involves a receptor on the outside of the membrane grabbing hold of the cargo while a protein called clathrin forms a ‘pit’ beneath the receptor. This pit becomes deeper and deeper until the cargo is completely surrounded by clathrin-lined membrane and is brought inside the cell. This process has been studied over the past 50 years, and it is known that clathrin-mediated endocytosis is turned off when a cell begins to divide to produce new cells, and then turned back on when cell division has come to an end. However, there are competing theories as to exactly why this process stops when cell division starts. Now, Kaur et al. have investigated these theories by looking at the role that another protein, called actin, plays in turning off clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Actin is a molecule that forms a sort of scaffolding within the cell (called the cytoskeleton), and it also guides the movement of molecules and larger structures within the cell. Further, when the cell membrane is being stretched, the actin cytoskeleton can assist the clathrin-mediated endocytosis machinery to pull cargo into the cell. So why doesn’t actin help with endocytosis during cell division? The answer, Kaur et al. suggest, is that all the actin in the cell is needed by the cytoskeleton during cell division, so there is no actin available to perform other tasks such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Further experiments demonstrated that this form of endocytosis can be ‘restarted’ in dividing cells by treating the cells in a way that frees up some additional actin. The work of Kaur et al. also ruled out the theory that chemical changes to the endocytosis machinery disabled it during cell division. These findings have implications for the delivery of drugs, via endocytosis, to the rapidly dividing cells that are involved in diseases such as cancer. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00829.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Satdip Kaur
- Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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34
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Zhao J, Wang L, Zhou HX, Liu L, Lu A, Li GP, Schatten H, Liang CG. Clathrin heavy chain 1 is required for spindle assembly and chromosome congression in mouse oocytes. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2013; 19:1364-1373. [PMID: 23816345 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613001943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin heavy chain 1 (CLTC) has been considered a “moonlighting protein” which acts in membrane trafficking during interphase and in stabilizing spindle fibers during mitosis. However, its roles in meiosis, especially in mammalian oocyte maturation, remain unclear. This study investigated CLTC expression and function in spindle formation and chromosome congression during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. Our results showed that the expression level of CLTC increased after germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and peaked in the M phase. Immunostaining results showed CLTC distribution throughout the cytoplasm in a cell cycle-dependent manner. Appearance and disappearance of CLTC along with β-tubulin (TUBB) could be observed during spindle dynamic changes. To explore the relationship between CLTC and microtubule dynamics, oocytes at metaphase were treated with taxol or nocodazole. CLTC colocalized with TUBB at the enlarged spindle and with cytoplasmic asters after taxol treatment; it disassembled and distributed into the cytoplasm along with TUBB after nocodazole treatment. Disruption of CLTC function using stealth siRNA caused a decreased first polar body extrusion rate and extensive spindle formation and chromosome congression defects. Taken together, these results show that CLTC plays an important role in spindle assembly and chromosome congression through a microtubule correlation mechanism during mouse oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of National Education Ministry for Mammalian Reproductive Biology and Biotechnology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010070, People's Republic of China
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35
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Abstract
Membrane trafficking and mitosis are two essential processes in eukaryotic cells. Surprisingly, many proteins best known for their role in membrane trafficking have additional 'moonlighting' functions in mitosis. Despite having proteins in common, there is insufficient evidence for a specific connection between these two processes. Instead, these phenomena demonstrate the adaptability of the membrane trafficking machinery that allows its repurposing for different cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Royle
- Division of Biomedical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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36
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Yeong FM. Multi-step down-regulation of the secretory pathway in mitosis: a fresh perspective on protein trafficking. Bioessays 2013; 35:462-71. [PMID: 23494566 PMCID: PMC3654163 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201200144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The secretory pathway delivers proteins synthesized at the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) to various subcellular locations via the Golgi apparatus. Currently, efforts are focused on understanding the molecular machineries driving individual processes at the RER and Golgi that package, modify and transport proteins. However, studies are routinely performed using non-dividing cells. This obscures the critical issue of how the secretory pathway is affected by cell division. Indeed, several studies have indicated that protein trafficking is down-regulated during mitosis. Moreover, the RER and Golgi apparatus exhibit gross reorganization in mitosis. Here I provide a relatively neglected perspective of how the mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1) could regulate various stages of the secretory pathway. I highlight several aspects of the mitotic control of protein trafficking that remain unresolved and suggest that further studies on how the mitotic CDK1 influences the secretory pathway are necessary to obtain a deeper understanding of protein transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foong May Yeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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