1
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Fu J, Ling J, Li CF, Tsai CL, Yin W, Hou J, Chen P, Cao Y, Kang Y, Sun Y, Xia X, Jiang Z, Furukawa K, Lu Y, Wu M, Huang Q, Yao J, Hawke DH, Pan BF, Zhao J, Huang J, Wang H, Bahassi EIM, Stambrook PJ, Huang P, Fleming JB, Maitra A, Tainer JA, Hung MC, Lin C, Chiao PJ. Nardilysin-regulated scission mechanism activates polo-like kinase 3 to suppress the development of pancreatic cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3149. [PMID: 38605037 PMCID: PMC11009390 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) develops through step-wise genetic and molecular alterations including Kras mutation and inactivation of various apoptotic pathways. Here, we find that development of apoptotic resistance and metastasis of KrasG12D-driven PDAC in mice is accelerated by deleting Plk3, explaining the often-reduced Plk3 expression in human PDAC. Importantly, a 41-kDa Plk3 (p41Plk3) that contains the entire kinase domain at the N-terminus (1-353 aa) is activated by scission of the precursor p72Plk3 at Arg354 by metalloendopeptidase nardilysin (NRDC), and the resulting p32Plk3 C-terminal Polo-box domain (PBD) is removed by proteasome degradation, preventing the inhibition of p41Plk3 by PBD. We find that p41Plk3 is the activated form of Plk3 that regulates a feed-forward mechanism to promote apoptosis and suppress PDAC and metastasis. p41Plk3 phosphorylates c-Fos on Thr164, which in turn induces expression of Plk3 and pro-apoptotic genes. These findings uncover an NRDC-regulated post-translational mechanism that activates Plk3, establishing a prototypic regulation by scission mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jianhua Ling
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ching-Fei Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chi-Lin Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wenjuan Yin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Junwei Hou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ya'an Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yichen Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xianghou Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kenei Furukawa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yu Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David H Hawke
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bih-Fang Pan
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - E I Mustapha Bahassi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Peter J Stambrook
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John A Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 406, Taiwan
| | - Chunru Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Paul J Chiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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2
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Tan T, Wu C, Liu B, Pan BF, Hawke DH, Su Z, Liu S, Zhang W, Wang R, Lin SH, Kuang J. Revisiting the multisite phosphorylation that produces the M-phase supershift of key mitotic regulators. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar115. [PMID: 35976701 PMCID: PMC9635296 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-04-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The term M-phase supershift denotes the phosphorylation-dependent substantial increase in the apparent molecular weight of numerous proteins of varied biological functions during M-phase induction. Although the M-phase supershift of multiple key mitotic regulators has been attributed to the multisite phosphorylation catalyzed by the Cdk1/cyclin B/Cks complex, this view is challenged by multiple lines of paradoxical observations. To solve this problem, we reconstituted the M-phase supershift of Xenopus Cdc25C, Myt1, Wee1A, APC3 and Greatwall in Xenopus egg extracts and characterized the supershift-producing phosphorylations. Our results demonstrate that their M-phase supershifts are each due to simultaneous phosphorylation of a considerable portion of S/T/Y residues in a long intrinsically disordered region that is enriched in both S/T residues and S/TP motifs. Although the major mitotic kinases in Xenopus egg extracts, Cdk1, MAPK, Plx1 and RSK2, are able to phosphorylate the five mitotic regulators, they are neither sufficient nor required to produce the M-phase supershift. Accordingly, inhibition of the four major mitotic kinase activities in Xenopus oocytes did not inhibit the M-phase supershift in okadaic acid-induced oocyte maturation. These findings indicate that the M-phase supershift is produced by a previously unrecognized category of mitotic phosphorylation that likely plays important roles in M-phase induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Tan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hengyang Medical School, The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chuanfen Wu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Boye Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education
| | - Bih-Fang Pan
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David H Hawke
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zehao Su
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuaishuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian Kuang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Bradley SD, Talukder AH, Lai I, Davis R, Alvarez H, Tiriac H, Zhang M, Chiu Y, Melendez B, Jackson KR, Katailiha A, Sonnemann HM, Li F, Kang Y, Qiao N, Pan BF, Lorenzi PL, Hurd M, Mittendorf EA, Peterson CB, Javle M, Bristow C, Kim M, Tuveson DA, Hawke D, Kopetz S, Wolff RA, Hwu P, Maitra A, Roszik J, Yee C, Lizée G. Vestigial-like 1 is a shared targetable cancer-placenta antigen expressed by pancreatic and basal-like breast cancers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5332. [PMID: 33087697 PMCID: PMC7577998 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19141-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-based cancer immunotherapies have shown great promise for inducing clinical regressions by targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAA). To expand the TAA landscape of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we performed tandem mass spectrometry analysis of HLA class I-bound peptides from 35 PDAC patient tumors. This identified a shared HLA-A*0101 restricted peptide derived from co-transcriptional activator Vestigial-like 1 (VGLL1) as a putative TAA demonstrating overexpression in multiple tumor types and low or absent expression in essential normal tissues. Here we show that VGLL1-specific CTLs expanded from the blood of a PDAC patient could recognize and kill in an antigen-specific manner a majority of HLA-A*0101 allogeneic tumor cell lines derived not only from PDAC, but also bladder, ovarian, gastric, lung, and basal-like breast cancers. Gene expression profiling reveals VGLL1 as a member of a unique group of cancer-placenta antigens (CPA) that may constitute immunotherapeutic targets for patients with multiple cancer types.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- HLA-A1 Antigen/immunology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Placenta/immunology
- Pregnancy
- Prognosis
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/immunology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherille D Bradley
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amjad H Talukder
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ivy Lai
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Davis
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hector Alvarez
- Department of Hematopathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Herve Tiriac
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Minying Zhang
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yulun Chiu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brenda Melendez
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyle R Jackson
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arjun Katailiha
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heather M Sonnemann
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fenge Li
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yaan Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Na Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery Research, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bih-Fang Pan
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark Hurd
- Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Milind Javle
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Bristow
- Center for Co-clinical Trials, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cancer Center, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - David Hawke
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert A Wolff
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Immunology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Gregory Lizée
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Immunology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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4
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Galloway-Peña J, DebRoy S, Brumlow C, Li X, Tran TT, Horstmann N, Yao H, Chen K, Wang F, Pan BF, Hawke DH, Thompson EJ, Arias CA, Fowler VG, Bhatti MM, Kalia A, Flores AR, Shelburne SA. Hypervirulent group A Streptococcus emergence in an acaspular background is associated with marked remodeling of the bacterial cell surface. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207897. [PMID: 30517150 PMCID: PMC6281247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations in the control of virulence two-component regulatory system (covRS) often account for the hypervirulent phenotype in severe, invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) infections. As CovR represses production of the anti-phagocytic hyaluronic acid capsule, high level capsule production is generally considered critical to the hypervirulent phenotype induced by CovRS inactivation. There have recently been large outbreaks of GAS strains lacking capsule, but there are currently no data on the virulence of covRS-mutated, acapsular strains in vivo. We investigated the impact of CovRS inactivation in acapsular serotype M4 strains using a wild-type (M4-SC-1) and a naturally-occurring CovS-inactivated strain (M4-LC-1) that contains an 11bp covS insertion. M4-LC-1 was significantly more virulent in a mouse bacteremia model but caused smaller lesions in a subcutaneous mouse model. Over 10% of the genome showed significantly different transcript levels in M4-LC-1 vs. M4-SC-1 strain. Notably, the Mga regulon and multiple cell surface protein-encoding genes were strongly upregulated–a finding not observed for CovS-inactivated, encapsulated M1 or M3 GAS strains. Consistent with the transcriptomic data, transmission electron microscopy revealed markedly altered cell surface morphology of M4-LC-1 compared to M4-SC-1. Insertional inactivation of covS in M4-SC-1 recapitulated the transcriptome and cell surface morphology. Analysis of the cell surface following CovS-inactivation revealed that the upregulated proteins were part of the Mga regulon. Inactivation of mga in M4-LC-1 reduced transcript levels of multiple cell surface proteins and reversed the cell surface alterations consistent with the effect of CovS inactivation on cell surface composition being mediated by Mga. CovRS-inactivating mutations were detected in 20% of current invasive serotype M4 strains in the United States. Thus, we discovered that hypervirulent M4 GAS strains with covRS mutations can arise in an acapsular background and that such hypervirulence is associated with profound alteration of the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Galloway-Peña
- Department of Infectious Diseases Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sruti DebRoy
- Department of Infectious Diseases Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chelcy Brumlow
- Department of Infectious Diseases Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiqi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Truc T. Tran
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics and Division of Infectious Diseases, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nicola Horstmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bih-Fang Pan
- The Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - David H. Hawke
- The Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Erika J. Thompson
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cesar A. Arias
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics and Division of Infectious Diseases, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Infectious Diseases, UTHealth School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit-International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Vance G. Fowler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Micah M. Bhatti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Awdhesh Kalia
- Graduate Program in Diagnostic Genetics, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anthony R. Flores
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics and Division of Infectious Diseases, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Samuel A. Shelburne
- Department of Infectious Diseases Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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5
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Zhang P, He D, Xu Y, Hou J, Pan BF, Wang Y, Liu T, Davis CM, Ehli EA, Tan L, Zhou F, Hu J, Yu Y, Chen X, Nguyen TM, Rosen JM, Hawke DH, Ji Z, Chen Y. Genome-wide identification and differential analysis of translational initiation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1749. [PMID: 29170441 PMCID: PMC5701008 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation is principally regulated at the initiation stage. The development of the translation initiation (TI) sequencing (TI-seq) technique has enabled the global mapping of TIs and revealed unanticipated complex translational landscapes in metazoans. Despite the wide adoption of TI-seq, there is no computational tool currently available for analyzing TI-seq data. To fill this gap, we develop a comprehensive toolkit named Ribo-TISH, which allows for detecting and quantitatively comparing TIs across conditions from TI-seq data. Ribo-TISH can also predict novel open reading frames (ORFs) from regular ribosome profiling (rRibo-seq) data and outperform several established methods in both computational efficiency and prediction accuracy. Applied to published TI-seq/rRibo-seq data sets, Ribo-TISH uncovers a novel signature of elevated mitochondrial translation during amino-acid deprivation and predicts novel ORFs in 5′UTRs, long noncoding RNAs, and introns. These successful applications demonstrate the power of Ribo-TISH in extracting biological insights from TI-seq/rRibo-seq data. Translation initiation sequencing (TI-seq) has revealed unexpected diversity in protein isoforms. Here, Zhang et al. present Ribo-TISH, a computational toolkit that can detect and compare TIs across conditions and improve open reading frame prediction from different types of ribosome profiling data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dandan He
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jiakai Hou
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bih-Fang Pan
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, and Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | | | - Erik A Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD, 57108, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Feng Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Minister of Education, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Tuan M Nguyen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Rosen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David H Hawke
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, and Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular and Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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6
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Bilen MA, Pan T, Lee YC, Lin SC, Yu G, Pan J, Hawke D, Pan BF, Vykoukal J, Gray K, Satcher RL, Gallick GE, Yu-Lee LY, Lin SH. Proteomics Profiling of Exosomes from Primary Mouse Osteoblasts under Proliferation versus Mineralization Conditions and Characterization of Their Uptake into Prostate Cancer Cells. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2709-2728. [PMID: 28675788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts communicate both with normal cells in the bone marrow and with tumor cells that metastasized to bone. Here we show that osteoblasts release exosomes, we termed osteosomes, which may be a novel mechanism by which osteoblasts communicate with cells in their environment. We have isolated exosomes from undifferentiated/proliferating (D0 osteosomes) and differentiated/mineralizing (D24 osteosomes) primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts. The D0 and D24 osteosomes were found to be vesicles of 130-140 nm by dynamic light scattering analysis. Proteomics profiling using tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identified 206 proteins in D0 osteosomes and 336 in D24 osteosomes. The proteins in osteosomes are mainly derived from the cytoplasm (∼47%) and plasma membrane (∼31%). About 69% of proteins in osteosomes are also found in Vesiclepedia, and these canonical exosomal proteins include tetraspanins and Rab family proteins. We found that there are differences in both protein content and levels in exosomes isolated from undifferentiated and differentiated osteoblasts. Among the proteins that are unique to osteosomes, 169 proteins are present in both D0 and D24 osteosomes, 37 are unique to D0, and 167 are unique to D24. Among those 169 proteins present in both D0 and D24 osteosomes, 10 proteins are likely present at higher levels in D24 than D0 osteosomes based on emPAI ratios of >5. These results suggest that osteosomes released from different cellular state of osteoblasts may mediate distinct functions. Using live-cell imaging, we measured the uptake of PKH26-labeled osteosomes into C4-2B4 and PC3-mm2 prostate cancer cells. In addition, we showed that cadherin-11, a cell adhesion molecule, plays a role in the uptake of osteosomes into PC3-mm2 cells as osteosome uptake was delayed by neutralizing antibody against cadherin-11. Together, our studies suggest that osteosomes could have a unique role in the bone microenvironment under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Pan
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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7
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Park J, Talukder AH, Lim SA, Kim K, Pan K, Melendez B, Bradley SD, Jackson KR, Khalili JS, Wang J, Creasy C, Pan BF, Woodman SE, Bernatchez C, Hawke D, Hwu P, Lee KM, Roszik J, Lizée G, Yee C. SLC45A2: A Melanoma Antigen with High Tumor Selectivity and Reduced Potential for Autoimmune Toxicity. Cancer Immunol Res 2017. [PMID: 28630054 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-based immunotherapies have had remarkable success at generating objective clinical responses in patients with advanced metastatic melanoma. Although the melanocyte differentiation antigens (MDA) MART-1, PMEL, and tyrosinase were among the first melanoma tumor-associated antigens identified and targeted with immunotherapy, expression within normal melanocytes of the eye and inner ear can elicit serious autoimmune side effects, thus limiting their clinical potential as CTL targets. Using a tandem mass spectrometry (MS) approach to analyze the immunopeptidomes of 55 melanoma patient-derived cell lines, we identified a number of shared HLA class I-bound peptides derived from the melanocyte-specific transporter protein SLC45A2. Antigen-specific CTLs generated against HLA-A*0201- and HLA-A*2402-restricted SLC45A2 peptides effectively killed a majority of HLA-matched cutaneous, uveal, and mucosal melanoma cell lines tested (18/25). CTLs specific for SLC45A2 showed significantly reduced recognition of HLA-matched primary melanocytes that were, conversely, robustly killed by MART1- and PMEL-specific T cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that SLC45A2 mRNA expression in normal melanocytes was less than 2% that of other MDAs, therefore providing a more favorable melanoma-to-melanocyte expression ratio. Expression of SLC45A2 and CTL sensitivity could be further upregulated in BRAF(V600E)-mutant melanoma cells upon treatment with BRAF or MEK inhibitors, similarly to other MDAs. Taken together, our study demonstrates the feasibility of using tandem MS as a means of discovering shared immunogenic tumor-associated epitopes and identifies SLC45A2 as a promising immunotherapeutic target for melanoma with high tumor selectivity and reduced potential for autoimmune toxicity. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(8); 618-29. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsun Park
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amjad H Talukder
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Seon A Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghee Kim
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ke Pan
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Brenda Melendez
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sherille D Bradley
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kyle R Jackson
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jahan S Khalili
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Junmei Wang
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Caitlin Creasy
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bih-Fang Pan
- Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott E Woodman
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David Hawke
- Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jason Roszik
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gregory Lizée
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cassian Yee
- Center for Cancer Immunology Research, Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Abstract
Renal secretion of organic cations and anions are pleiotropic, active processes in mammals. Some nucleosides such as deoxyadenosine (dAdo), 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, and azidothymidine are secreted by human and rodent kidneys. Previous work (J. A. Nelson, J. F. Kuttesch, Jr., and B. H. Herbert. Biochemical Pharmacology 32: 2323-2327, 1983) indicated a role for the classic organic cation transporter (OCT) in the secretion of the dAdo analog, 2'-deoxytubercidin, by mouse kidney. Using [14C]tetraethylammonium bromide ([14C]TEA) as a substrate, we tested several renal cell lines for a nucleoside-sensitive OCT. American opossum kidney proximal tubule cells (OK) express a cimetidine-sensitive and metabolic-dependent ability to efflux TEA. Other classic OCT inhibitors and several nucleosides also inhibit TEA efflux by these cells in a manner reflecting structural specificity for the carrier. Inhibition of OCT by nucleosides is not a universal feature of OCTs, since TEA transport mediated by cloned rat kidney OCT2 in the Xenopus laevis oocyte system was not inhibited by the same nucleosides. In conclusion, OK cells appear to possess an OCT that may also transport some nucleosides by a novel carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chen
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
A cDNA for the organic cation transporter (rOCT2) of the rat kidney was inserted into the retroviral plasmid pLXSN. This plasmid was used to stably transfect NIH3T3 cells. The transfected cell line exhibited an enhanced rate of tetraethylammonium (TEA) uptake and efflux compared to wild-type NIH3T3 cells. Uptake of TEA by the transfected cells was markedly reduced upon incubation at 4 degrees C. When the extracellular pH was lowered from 8.1 to 5.9, uptake was also reduced, suggesting inhibition of rOCT2 by extracellular protons. The apparent K(m) for TEA in the transfected cells was 141 microM. The classical organic cation transport inhibitors, cyanine 863 and cimetidine, produced noncompetitive inhibition with apparent Ki values of 0.81 and 198 microM, respectively. Daunomycin, vinblastine, and the deoxyadenosine analogs, 2'-deoxytubercidin and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, did not appear to be substrates for rOCT2. However, the anticancer drug, cisplatin, competitively inhibited TEA uptake by rOCT2 with an apparent Ki value of 925 microM, suggesting that rOCT2 may play a role in its renal secretion. In summary, transfected NIH3T3 cells provide a facile system by which this and other organic ion transporters can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Pan
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Marini FC, Pan BF, Nelson JA, Lapeyre JN. The drug verapamil inhibits bystander killing but not cell suicide in thymidine kinase-ganciclovir prodrug-activated gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 1996; 3:405-12. [PMID: 8988843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The bystander effect, in which unmodified cells are killed as the result of enzyme-prodrug activation in genetically modified neighboring cells, amplifies the suicide response in a tumor in which only a fraction of the cells are targeted. The drug verapamil (VRP), a calcium channel antagonist that is also used to counteract the multidrug resistance of tumor cells, is shown to inhibit the bystander effect by herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSVtk) enzyme-prodrug therapy with ganciclovir by protecting beta geo marked bystander cells in both in vitro coculture assays and in an in vivo animal tumor model. VRP had no stimulatory or inhibitory effect on the proliferation of CT 26 cells, their tumorigenicity, or prodrug-activated cell death produced by the action of the HSVtk gene. The kinetics of the protection afforded by VRP was time dependent with respect to the time of addition of the prodrug, and protection was ineffective when added two or more days after prodrug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Marini
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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Nelson JA, Pan BF, Swanson DA, Elfarra AA. Cysteine conjugate beta-lyase activity in human renal carcinomas. Cancer Biochem Biophys 1995; 14:257-63. [PMID: 7767899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine conjugate beta-lyase, an enzyme that converts cysteine S-conjugates to free thiols, pyruvate and ammonia, is normally expressed primarily in the liver and kidney. In theory, this selective distribution affords the opportunity to target thiol-containing drugs to these organs and, perhaps, to tumors derived from them. To assess the potential for delivery of such drugs to kidney-derived tissue, we have used a typical beta-lyase substrate, S-(2-benzothiazolyl)-L-cysteine, to measure the beta-lyase activity in normal and tumor tissue of kidneys removed from patients with renal carcinoma. Although considerable heterogeneity in enzyme activity levels was observed in normal and tumor-derived samples, a high proportion of tumor samples had enzyme activity that was at least 50% of that observed in adjacent normal tissue. Frequently, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity was observed to be greater in the tumor than in normal tissue. These results may aid in the development of therapy for renal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Nelson
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Pan BF, Dutt A, Nelson JA. Enhanced transepithelial flux of cimetidine by Madin-Darby canine kidney cells overexpressing human P-glycoprotein. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 270:1-7. [PMID: 7913494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cimetidine has been used as a relatively selective inhibitor of renal organic cation secretion, analogous to the use of probenecid to inhibit organic anion secretion. Many of the substrates for the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein, which is overexpressed in multidrug-resistant tumor cells, are organic cations. Furthermore, the protein is normally expressed on the apical membranes of proximal tubule cells, the postulated site for active organic cation secretion. To test directly whether P-glycoprotein might serve as a carrier for cimetidine, we measured cimetidine transepithelial movement across Madin-Darby canine kidney cells grown as monolayers on membrane filters. A retrovirally transduced Madin-Darby canine kidney cell line (Madin-Darby canine kidney cells transfected with the human multiple drug resistance 1 cDNA for P-glycoprotein), that expresses the human form of P-glycoprotein on its apical membrane, had an increased capacity to transport cimetidine from the basolateral to apical medium (b-->a) but not in the reverse direction (i.e., a-->b). Qualitatively similar results were observed with daunomycin, a well established substrate for P-glycoprotein. Cellular uptake and energy-dependent efflux experiments further established cimetidine to be a substrate for the human P-glycoprotein. Thus, P-glycoprotein may play a role in the renal secretion of cimetidine and perhaps other organic cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Pan
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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Priebe TS, Atkinson EN, Pan BF, Nelson JA. Intrinsic resistance to anticancer agents in the murine pancreatic adenocarcinoma PANC02. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1992; 29:485-9. [PMID: 1348974 DOI: 10.1007/bf00684853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PANC02 is a ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas that is resistant to every known class of clinically active antitumor agent. To study the mechanism(s) underlying the intrinsic drug resistance of this tumor, a mammary adenocarcinoma (CA-755) that also grows in C57/BL mice and is known to be drug sensitive was used for comparison. PANC02 resistance and CA-755 sensitivity to several antitumor agents and to X-ray therapy was confirmed in mice, and PANC02 also demonstrated relative resistance in tissue culture. Relative to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and CA-755 cells, PANC02 did not appear to show a higher rate of mutation to drug resistance in culture as based on the 6-thioguanine resistance marker. Although P-glycoprotein characteristic of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomenon could be demonstrated at the mRNA level using a sensitive RNAse protection assay, the level of expression found was several orders of magnitude lower than that observed in phenotypic MDR cell lines. Furthermore, quinidine failed to increase the sensitivity of PANC02 cells to Adriamycin under conditions that clearly potentiated the toxicity of the drug to a CHO cell line exhibiting classic MDR traits. The heterogeneity in the distribution of drugs was inferred as being significantly greater in PANC02 versus CA-755 cells in vivo as based on measurements of within-animal, within-tumor variance in the distribution of the marker compounds inulin and antipyrine. Although it may not be the only mechanism involved, this greater intratumor heterogeneity in drug distribution could theoretically play a major role in the intrinsic drug resistance of PANC02 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Priebe
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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Abstract
PANC02 is a unique experimental animal tumor that fails to respond significantly to any known clinically active antitumor agent. In this regard, the murine ductal adenocarcinoma resembles its human counterpart. To study the mechanism for its intrinsic resistance to 6-thioguanine (TG), we compared the metabolism of the drug in PANC02 and a reference, TG-sensitive adenocarcinoma, CA-755. In comparison with CA-755, PANC02 cells were approximately 6 times less sensitive to TG and CHO cells were 80 times less sensitive in tissue culture. Nevertheless, the incorporation of TG into the DNA of these three cell lines was approximately equal at the lowest concentrations capable of reducing cloning efficiency by 50%, i.e., 3.0-3.8 pmol (dthioGMP)/nmol (dGMP). In mice bearing bilateral implants of CA-755 and PANC02, only CA-755 responded to TG treatment. At various doses used on various schedules, the incorporation of TG into CA-755 DNA readily achieved that observed to be cytotoxic to the cells in vitro, whereas the incorporation into the DNA of PANC02 tumor cells did not. Although the biochemical basis for the poor incorporation of TG into the DNA of PANC02 in vivo is not known, this factor appears to explain the refractoriness of PANC02 as compared with CA-755 to this antitumor antimetabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Pan
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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15
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Abstract
6-Thioguanine (TG) incorporation into DNA has been associated with cytotoxicity and DNA damage in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and murine leukemia L1210 cells. According to alkaline elution analysis, single-strand breaks (SSB) occur in both cell types. DNA-protein and interstrand crosslinks are prominent features of TG effects in L1210, CEM, and HL-60 but not CHO cells. To assess which DNA strand experiences SSB in CHO cells, the cells were synchronized by growth to confluence (late G1, S). The cells were then diluted into fresh medium so that they underwent a round of division during a subsequent 16-hr interval. They were treated with TG during this first cell cycle, and mitotic cells were harvested at the end of the first cycle using colcemid. SSB were determined in parental DNA (radiolabeled with thymidine during growth to confluence), TG-containing DNA (radiolabeled with [14C]TG during drug exposure), and daughter DNA (labeled with thymidine during the second cell cycle). SSB occurred in TG-containing DNA late in the second cell cycle after drug exposure and in the DNA synthesized from a TG-DNA template (daughter DNA). This observation is consistent with the known delayed cytotoxicity and chromosomal aberrations seen in CHO cells. The SSB suggest relatively normal elongation of DNA containing TG but altered synthesis and/or ligation from a TG-DNA template. This premise was tested in synchronized CHO cells. The DNA strand incorporating TG elongated naturally; however, DNA elongation was impaired in the cell cycle following TG treatment. The results are consistent with SSB in daughter DNA synthesized from a TG-DNA template due to inability to elongate the newly-synthesized strand.
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Affiliation(s)
- B F Pan
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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Priebe T, Kandil O, Nakic M, Pan BF, Nelson JA. Selective modulation of antibody response and natural killer cell activity by purine nucleoside analogues. Cancer Res 1988; 48:4799-803. [PMID: 3261625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Analogues that are poor substrates for adenosine deaminase or purine nucleoside phosphorylase may mimic immunodeficiencies associated with the enzyme deficiencies, and their activities may be directed toward selected lymphocyte subpopulations. Four analogues were studied for their effects on primary antibody response to either a T-dependent (sheep erythrocytes) or T-independent (trinitrophenyl-conjugated Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide) antigen as well as effects on T-cytotoxic and natural killer cell activities in mice. The nucleosides were: an adenosine analogue, tubercidin; two deoxyadenosine analogues, 2-chloro, 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2-fluoroadenine arabinoside-5'-phosphate; and a deoxyguanosine analogue, 9-beta-D-arabinosylguanine. Drugs were given i.p. once daily for 3 consecutive days. Immune responses were determined in spleen cell suspensions 1 day after the last dose. Tubercidin inhibited both T-cytotoxic and natural killer cell activities at doses that did not reduce primary antibody response, whereas the reverse was true for 2-chloro, 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2-fluoroadenine arabinoside-5'-phosphate. At higher doses, T-cytotoxic lymphocytes appeared to be more sensitive than natural killer cells to the deoxyadenosine analogues. 9-beta-D-Arabinosylguanine did not selectively inhibit the immune responses at doses that clearly reduced the yield of spleen lymphocytes. Assuming the analogues mimic endogenous nucleosides, the results suggest that natural killer cells are more sensitive to adenosine than are those cells responsible for primary antibody response, whereas the reverse is true for deoxyadenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Priebe
- Department of Experimental Pediatrics, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston 77030
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