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Jarrett C, Rushing G, Gray K, Hussian O, Abu-Omar Y, Baeza C, Elgudin Y, Markowitz A, Vega PR, Sabik J, Pelletier M. COMPARISON OF RATES AND OUTCOMES OF READMISSIONS TO INDEX VERSUS NON-INDEX HOSPITALS AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY: A NATIONWIDE ANALYSIS. Can J Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2022.08.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Gray K, Borys B, Worden H, Agbojo O, Jung S. Process Development and Manufacturing: THE USE OF VERTICAL WHEEL BIOREACTORS AND PROCESS OPTIMIZATION TO CREATE ROBUST, EFFICIENT, AND SCALABLE BIOPROCESSES FOR CLINICAL- AND INDUSTRIAL-SCALE IPSC BIOMANUFACTURING. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Merolli M, Gray K, Choo D, Lawford BJ, Hinman RS. Use, and acceptability, of digital health technologies in musculoskeletal physical therapy: A survey of physical therapists and patients. Musculoskeletal Care 2022; 20:641-659. [PMID: 35278266 PMCID: PMC9542958 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Determine (a) frequency of digital health use to obtain/record clinical information (pre‐COVID‐19); (b) willingness to use digital technologies among physical therapists and patients with musculoskeletal conditions. Methods 102 physical therapists, and 103 patients were recruited in Australia. An electronic survey ascertained (a) demographic/clinical characteristics, (b) frequency of methods to obtain and record clinical information; (c) willingness to use digital technologies to support musculoskeletal care. Results Physical therapists mostly used non‐digital methods to obtain subjective (e.g., face‐to‐face questioning, n = 98; 96.1%) and objective information (e.g., visual estimation, n = 95; 93.1%). The top three digital health technologies most frequently used by therapists: photo‐based image capture (n = 19; 18.6%), accessing information logged/tracked by patients into a mobile app (n = 14; 13.7%), and electronic systems to capture subjective information that the patient fills in (n = 13; 12.7%). The top three technologies used by patients: activity trackers (n = 27; 26.2%), logging/tracking health information on mobile apps or websites (n = 12; 11.7%), and entering information on a computer (n = 12; 7.8%). Physical therapists were most willing to use technologies for: receiving diagnostic imaging results (n = 99; 97.1%), scheduling appointments (n = 92; 90.2%) and capturing diagnostic results (n = 92; 90.2%). Patients were most willing to use technologies for receiving notifications about health test results (n = 91; 88.4%), looking up health information (n = 83; 80.6%) and receiving personalised alerts/reminders (n = 80; 77.7%). Conclusions Physical therapists and patients infrequently use digital health technologies to support musculoskeletal care, but expressed some willingness to consider using them for select functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Merolli
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Centre for Health, Exercise, and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Digital Transformation of Health, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K Gray
- Centre for Digital Transformation of Health, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Choo
- Centre for Digital Transformation of Health, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - B J Lawford
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Centre for Health, Exercise, and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R S Hinman
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, Centre for Health, Exercise, and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Walker MJ, Cowen S, Gray K, Hancock P, Burns DT. Honey authenticity: the opacity of analytical reports-part 2, forensic evaluative reporting as a potential solution. NPJ Sci Food 2022; 6:12. [PMID: 35136072 PMCID: PMC8826424 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-022-00127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The analytical techniques applied to verify honey authenticity are multifaceted and often result in complex data rich certificates of analysis that are open to interpretation and may be opaque to stakeholders without specialist knowledge. In these cases, the drawing of an independent overarching opinion is challenging. Two questions arise: (Q1) Is it acceptable to report interpretation, particularly if it is adverse, without exhibiting the supporting data? (Q2) How may a valid overarching opinion on authenticity be derived from a large, partially conflicting, dataset? To Q1, it is demonstrated that full disclosure of the data used in interpretation is mandatory. To Q2 it is proposed, with worked examples, to adopt ‘evaluative reporting’; a formalised likelihood ratio thought process used in forensic science for evaluation of findings and their strength assessment. In the absence of consensus on techniques for honey authenticity adoption of reporting conventions will allow objective assessments of reports, with equity to all and provide a better basis to identify and address fraud.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Walker
- Laboratory of the Government Chemist, Queens Road, Teddington, TW11 0LY, UK.
| | - S Cowen
- Laboratory of the Government Chemist, Queens Road, Teddington, TW11 0LY, UK
| | - K Gray
- Laboratory of the Government Chemist, Queens Road, Teddington, TW11 0LY, UK
| | - P Hancock
- Laboratory of the Government Chemist, Queens Road, Teddington, TW11 0LY, UK
| | - D T Burns
- Institute for Global Food Security, The Queen's University of Belfast, BT9 5AG, Belfast, UK
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Bevens W, Reece J, Jelinek PL, Weiland TJ, Nag N, Simpson-Yap S, Gray K, Jelinek GA, Neate SL. The feasibility of an online educational lifestyle program for people with multiple sclerosis: A qualitative analysis of participant semi-structured interviews. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221123713. [PMID: 36081754 PMCID: PMC9445470 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221123713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial of a multiple sclerosis online course (MSOC) via qualitative analysis of participant semi-structured interviews. Methods The MSOC was developed in two arms: intervention arm which contained evidence-based lifestyle modification recommendations, and standard-care arm which delivered information from MS websites reflecting standard advice. Participants were recruited via online advertisements, completed a baseline questionnaire, and randomised. Seven modules were delivered over six weeks. Course completers were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Within a qualitative paradigm, interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Fourteen of the 17 course completers were interviewed: 86% (12/14) female; mean age 50 years; residing in Australia, New Zealand, and the USA, predominantly had relapsing-remitting MS, mean time from diagnosis 9.5 years, and patient-determined disease steps disability assessment distributed evenly across all three categories. Four themes were identified: 1) “Hearing our stories” (hope for the future, feeling represented, exploring the journey of others with MS, learning from diversity, and wanting to connect with others); 2) “Taking the plunge” (not wanting to be first, feelings of nervousness or reluctance and feeling confronted); 3) “The accessibility and safety of being online” (ease of access, going at your own pace, making it work and not letting others down); and 4) “unpacking the course” (ease of navigation, visuals, understandability, and length and timing). Conclusion Participants felt represented, found the course accessible and content was easy to understand. These experiences provide important insights and considerations for this digital health intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bevens
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Reece
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - PL Jelinek
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - TJ Weiland
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Nag
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Simpson-Yap
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - K Gray
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Centre for Digital Transformation of Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - GA Jelinek
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - SL Neate
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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Bevens W, Gray K, Neate SL, Nag N, Weiland TJ, Jelinek GA, Simpson-Yap S. Characteristics of mHealth app use in an international sample of people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 54:103092. [PMID: 34246024 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.103092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The management of multiple sclerosis (MS) has progressed significantly with the emergence of mHealth technologies. Uptake of mHealth apps amongst people with MS, and clinical and demographic characteristics of mHealth adopters is unknown outside North America. Participants of the HOLISM study were queried about their mHealth apps use. We summarize mHealth app usage, and clinical and demographic characteristics of mHealth app adopters using descriptive statistics. Overall, 3.1% of respondents reported using an mHealth app, most of whom were located in Australasia and North America. This study provides insight regarding mHealth app usage within a large international cohort of people with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bevens
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - K Gray
- Centre for Digital Transformation of Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - S L Neate
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Nag
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - T J Weiland
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - G A Jelinek
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Simpson-Yap
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia
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Roe C, Safic S, Mwaipopo L, Dotchin C, Klaptocz J, Gray K, Joseph M, Walker R. 426 PREVALENCE OF, AND RISK FACTORS FOR, DEMENTIA IN ADULT OUTPATIENT REFERRALS TO A REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL IN ARUSHA, TANZANIA. Age Ageing 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afab118.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The global burden of dementia is increasing, with the greatest increase predicted to occur in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Despite this there are limited previous data on the prevalence of, and risk factors for, dementia in SSA. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dementia, and investigate its associations, in those aged 60 years and older attending the outpatient department of Mount Meru Hospital in northern Tanzania. This is the first hospital-based outpatient dementia prevalence and risk factors study to be conducted in an east African population.
Methods
This was a one-phase cross-sectional study. Adults aged 60 years and over attending medical outpatients were screened for dementia using The Identification and Intervention for Dementia in Elderly Africans cognitive screening tool. Those who scored ≤9 were clinically assessed using the DSM-IV criteria. Demographic, medical comorbidity and lifestyle information were collected during a clinical assessment.
Results
Prevalence of dementia was 5.0% (95% confidence interval: 3.7–6.3). Binary logistic regression found female sex (odds ratio (OR) = 2.778), having no formal education (OR = 6.088), quantity of alcohol consumption (units/week) (OR = 1.080), uncorrected visual impairment (OR = 4.260), body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 (OR = 6.588) and stroke (OR = 15.790 with wide 95% confidence interval (3.48–74.475)) to be significantly, independently associated with dementia.
Conclusions
The prevalence of dementia in this population is lower than previously reported community-based rates in Tanzania, and similar to those in high-income countries. This is the first time the association between uncorrected visual impairment and dementia has been reported in SSA. Other associations identified are in keeping with previous literature. Further research on the management of dementia and its risk factors, and the support and education of carers and patients in east African populations is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roe
- Newcastle University; Mount Meru Hospital; Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; Newcastle University; Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; Mount Meru Hospital; Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - S Safic
- Newcastle University; Mount Meru Hospital; Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; Newcastle University; Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; Mount Meru Hospital; Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - L Mwaipopo
- Newcastle University; Mount Meru Hospital; Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; Newcastle University; Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; Mount Meru Hospital; Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - C Dotchin
- Newcastle University; Mount Meru Hospital; Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; Newcastle University; Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; Mount Meru Hospital; Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - J Klaptocz
- Newcastle University; Mount Meru Hospital; Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; Newcastle University; Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; Mount Meru Hospital; Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - K Gray
- Newcastle University; Mount Meru Hospital; Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; Newcastle University; Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; Mount Meru Hospital; Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - M Joseph
- Newcastle University; Mount Meru Hospital; Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; Newcastle University; Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; Mount Meru Hospital; Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
| | - R Walker
- Newcastle University; Mount Meru Hospital; Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; Newcastle University; Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust; Mount Meru Hospital; Newcastle University and Northumbria Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust
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Hoebregs H, Balis P, De Vries J, Eekelen JV, Farnell P, Gray K, Goedhuys B, Hermans M, Heroff J, van Leeuwen M, Li BW, Martin D, Pieters M, Quemener B, Roomans H, Slaghek T, Thibault JF, van der Waal W, de Wit D. Fructans in Foods and Food Products, Ion-Exchange Chromatographic Method: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/80.5.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nine collaborating laboratories assayed 6 blind duplicate pairs of food samples containing the fructans inulin or oligofructose. The 6 sample pairs ranged from low (4%) to high levels (40%). Following the proposed method, the samples were treated with amyloglucosidase and inulinase enzymes and the released sugars were determined byion exchange chromatography. Repeatability standard deviation ranged from 2.9 to 5.8%; reproducibility standard deviation ranged from 4.7 to 11.1%. The ion-exchange chromatographic method for determinationof fructans in food and food products has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL (997.08)
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Hoebregs
- Orafti, Analytical Service, Aandorenstraat 1, B-3300 Tienen, Belgium
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Ehrhardt M, Gray K, Kuhn B, Lannon E, Palit S, Sturucz C, Güereca Y, Payne M, Hellman N, Toledo T, Hahn B, Shadlow J, Rhudy J. (185) A Qualitative Analysis of Pain Meaning: Results from the Oklahoma Study of Native American Pain Risk (OK-SNAP). The Journal of Pain 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chua BH, Gray K, Krishnasamy M, Regan M, Zdenkowski N, Loi S, Mann B, Forbes JF, Wilcken N, Spillane A, Martin A, Badger H, Jafari S, Fong A, Mavin C, Corachan S, Arahmani A, Martinez JL, Francis P. Abstract OT2-04-03: Examining personalized radiation therapy (EXPERT): A randomised phase III trial of adjuvant radiotherapy vs observation in patients with molecularly characterized luminal A breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-ot2-04-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Radiation therapy (RT) after breast conserving surgery (BCS) is the current standard of care for patients with early stage breast cancer. However, individual absolute recurrence risks and hence benefits of RT vary substantially. A study showed significant association between local recurrence (LR) risk and PAM50-defined intrinsic subtypes and Risk of Recurrence scores (ROR).1
The objective of EXPERT, a co-lead study of Breast Cancer Trials-Australia & New Zealand (BCT-ANZ), and Breast International Group (BIG), is to optimize local therapy for early breast cancer through precise individualized quantification of LR risk to identify patients for whom RT after BCS may be safely omitted.
Trial design
This is a randomized, non-inferiority, phase III study of women who plan to receive adjuvant endocrine therapy for Prosigna (PAM50)-defined luminal A breast cancer with ROR ≤60 resected by BCS.
Women are randomized to receive adjuvant whole breast RT and endocrine therapy or endocrine therapy alone and followed-up for 10 years after randomization.
Major eligibility criteria
Females aged ≥50 years; histologically confirmed invasive breast carcinoma ≤2 cm, grade 1 or 2, ER and PgR ≥10%, HER2-negative and node-negative; treated by BCS with negative margins for invasive carcinoma and associated DCIS; Prosigna (PAM50)-defined Luminal A subtype and ROR ≤60; and plan to receive adjuvant endocrine therapy.
Specific aims
Primary: To determine if omission of RT is not inferior to RT in terms of LR-free interval after BCS.
Secondary: To evaluate the impact of omission of RT on regional, local-regional and distant recurrence-free interval; disease-free survival (DFS); invasive DFS; overall survival; salvage RT or mastectomy rate; toxicity; endocrine therapy adherence; patient reported outcomes; and health economic outcomes.
Statistical methods
An estimated 5-year LR rate in the target population is expected to be 1% with RT. A rate of 4% is considered non-inferior as a worthwhile trade-off against RT toxicity. Using O'Brien-Fleming boundary for rejecting non-inferiority, 29 LR events are required for final analysis expected 8 years after the first patient is randomized. Two interim analyses will be conducted after 10 and 21 events. If the stratified log-rank test statistic exceeds the upper boundary at interim or final analysis, the hypothesis of non-inferiority will be rejected and it will be concluded that no RT is inferior to RT.
Accrual: Target (1170), actual: 82 (June 2018)
The study was activated in Australia in August 2017, with global activation planned for Q4 2018. Recruitment is expected to be completed in 4.5 years.
Contact information
Professor Boon Chua, UNSW Sydney and Prince of Wales Hospital, NSW, Australia; email boon.chua@health.nsw.gov.au; T +61 2 49255239. Registration: NCT02889874
References
Fitzal F, Filipits M, Fesl C, et al. Predicting local recurrence using PAM50 in postmenopausal endocrine responsive breast cancer patients. JCO 2014;32(15 suppl):1008.
Citation Format: Chua BH, Gray K, Krishnasamy M, Regan M, Zdenkowski N, Loi S, Mann B, Forbes JF, Wilcken N, Spillane A, Martin A, Badger H, Jafari S, Fong A, Mavin C, Corachan S, Arahmani A, Martinez J-L, Francis P. Examining personalized radiation therapy (EXPERT): A randomised phase III trial of adjuvant radiotherapy vs observation in patients with molecularly characterized luminal A breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-04-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- BH Chua
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - K Gray
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M Krishnasamy
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M Regan
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - N Zdenkowski
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Loi
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - B Mann
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - JF Forbes
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - N Wilcken
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A Spillane
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A Martin
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - H Badger
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Jafari
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A Fong
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - C Mavin
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - S Corachan
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A Arahmani
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J-L Martinez
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Francis
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast Cancer Trials, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Breast International Group, Brussels, Belgium; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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11
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Bellet M, Gray K, Francis P, Láng I, Ciruelos E, Lluch A, Ángel Climent M, Catalán G, Avella A, Bohn U, González-Martin A, Zaman K, Ferrer R, Azaro A, Rajasekaran A, De la Peña L, Fleming G, Regan MM. Abstract P4-14-01: Estrogen levels in premenopausal patients (pts) with hormone-receptor positive (HR+) early breast cancer (BC) receiving adjuvant triptorelin (Trip) plus exemestane (E) or tamoxifen (T) in the SOFT trial: SOFT-EST substudy final analysis. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p4-14-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Optimal endocrine therapy for premenopausal pts with early HR+ BC may depend on complete estrogen suppression with GnRH analog, which is crucial when using concurrent aromatase inhibitors (AIs). SOFT-EST is a prospective substudy of the phase 3 SOFT trial aiming to describe estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and estrone sulphate (E1S) during the first 4 years (y) of monthly Trip+E/T and to assess if there were suboptimally estrogen suppressed (SES) pts in the E+Trip group. Secondary objectives included associations of baseline (BL) factors with SES, early SES with later SES, and SES with disease-free survival (DFS; exploratory objective).
Methods: Patients from select centers who consented and enrolled in SOFT, selected Trip as ovarian function suppression method, and were randomized to E+Trip or T+Trip were eligible for SOFT-EST until the accrual goal (120 pts: 90 E+Trip; 30 T+Trip). Prem status for SOFT eligibility was based on local E2. Blood sampling timepoints were 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 & 48 months (m) until Trip stopped. Serum estrogens were measured centrally by high specificity/sensitivity GC/MSMS and were not available during the study. For 4y analyses, SES was defined as E2 levels >2.72 pg/mL in ≥2 post-BL samples (E2 levels not consistent with postmenopausal (PM) status on AIs [Smith IE, JCO 2006]), or vaginal bleeding >3m after Trip start, or pregnancy. We explored 2 additional cutoffs: >10 pg/mL (clearly inconsistent with PM status on AIs) and >20 pg/mL (inconsistent with GnRH analog-related PM status). The analysis is intention-to-treat based on E/T assignment; as-treated analyses are forthcoming.
Results: From Mar 2009 to Jan 2011,109 pts (E/T=83/26) started Trip and had ≥2 samples drawn. In pts assigned E+Trip, median reductions from BL in E1, E2 and E1S were >95% at all timepoints and significantly lower than in T+Trip. Post-BL E2 geometric mean ranged 0.8-1.3 pg/mL in E+Trip and 16.5-18.3 pg/mL in T+Trip. 21 (25%), 11 (13%) and 6 (7%) pts assigned to E+Trip had E2>2.72, >10, and >20 pg/mL in ≥2 post BL samples or vaginal bleeding (n=3), respectively. Early SES [(≥1 E2 value >2.72 pg/mL or vaginal bleeding in the firsty] predicted later SES [≥1 E2 value >2.72 or vaginal bleeding thereafter (n=1); p<0.001]. BL factors related to SES were higher E2, lower FSH and lower LH values (p=0.02, p<0.01, p<0.01 respectively). 12m FSH levels were not related to SES. In pts assigned E+Trip, after 6y median follow-up, DFS events were seen in 0 of 21 pts with SES vs 5 of 62 pts without SES.
Conclusions: Most pts on E+Trip had a profound E2 drop consistent with postmenopausal status on AI, but >20% assigned to E+Trip had ≥2 E2 values >2.72 pg/mL and 4% had vaginal bleeding, with those having higher E2, lower FSH/LH at BL being at higher risk. SES at 12m predicted subsequent SES. Few DFS events limit the ability to assess clinical relevance of SES with disease outcomes.
BL characteristicsN-109Prior chemo60 (55%)Amenorrhea39 (36%)Age <35y8 (7%) Median (range)Age, y44 (25-53)BMI, kg/m224 (22-28)Estrogen (pg/mL) E252 (7-119)E141 (24-70)E1S894 (304-1320)FSH/LH (IU/L) FSH15 (7-47)LH11 (6-26)
Citation Format: Bellet M, Gray K, Francis P, Láng I, Ciruelos E, Lluch A, Ángel Climent M, Catalán G, Avella A, Bohn U, González-Martin A, Zaman K, Ferrer R, Azaro A, Rajasekaran A, De la Peña L, Fleming G, Regan MM. Estrogen levels in premenopausal patients (pts) with hormone-receptor positive (HR+) early breast cancer (BC) receiving adjuvant triptorelin (Trip) plus exemestane (E) or tamoxifen (T) in the SOFT trial: SOFT-EST substudy final analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-14-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bellet
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Gray
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Francis
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - I Láng
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Ciruelos
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Lluch
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Ángel Climent
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Catalán
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Avella
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - U Bohn
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A González-Martin
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Zaman
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Ferrer
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Azaro
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Rajasekaran
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - L De la Peña
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Fleming
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - MM Regan
- SOFT-EST Investigators, SOLTI, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Khanal P, Maltecca C, Schwab C, Gray K, Tiezzi F. 305 Genetic parameters of meat quality and carcass composition traits in crossbred swine. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky404.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Khanal
- North Carolina State University,Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - C Maltecca
- North Carolina State University,Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - C Schwab
- The Maschhoffs LLC,Carlyle, IL, United States
| | - K Gray
- Smithfield Premium Genetics,Roanoke Rapids, NC, United States
| | - F Tiezzi
- North Carolina State University,Raleigh, NC, United States
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13
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Hand R, Senarathna G, Page-Sharp M, Sika-Paotonu D, Gray K, Batty K, Carapetis J. PO646 Benzathine Penicillin G Quality and Potency – Do We Need a New Manufacturing Standard? Glob Heart 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2018.09.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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14
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Archer C, Budnik-Zawilska M, Pointon A, Gray K. Validation and utility of iPS-derived vascular smooth muscle cells as an in vitro vascular model for cardiovascular safety assessment. Toxicol Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.06.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Bagot KS, Matthews SA, Mason M, Squeglia LM, Fowler J, Gray K, Herting M, May A, Colrain I, Godino J, Tapert S, Brown S, Patrick K. Current, future and potential use of mobile and wearable technologies and social media data in the ABCD study to increase understanding of contributors to child health. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 32:121-129. [PMID: 29636283 PMCID: PMC6447367 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile and wearable technologies and novel methods of data collection are innovating health-related research. These technologies and methods allow for multi-system level capture of data across environmental, physiological, behavioral, and psychological domains. In the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, there is great potential for harnessing the acceptability, accessibility, and functionality of mobile and social technologies for in-vivo data capture to precisely measure factors, and interactions between factors, that contribute to childhood and adolescent neurodevelopment and psychosocial and health outcomes. Here we discuss advances in mobile and wearable technologies and methods of analysis of geospatial, ecologic, social network and behavioral data. Incorporating these technologies into the ABCD study will allow for interdisciplinary research on the effects of place, social interactions, environment, and substance use on health and developmental outcomes in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Bagot
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - S A Matthews
- Penn State University, 507 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - M Mason
- University of Tennessee, Henson Hall, 213 Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996-3332, USA.
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Medical University of South Carolina, 125 Doughty Street, Suite 190, MSC861, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - J Fowler
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - K Gray
- Medical University of South Carolina, 125 Doughty Street, Suite 190, MSC861, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - M Herting
- University of Southern California, 2011 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - A May
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - I Colrain
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - J Godino
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - S Tapert
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - S Brown
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - K Patrick
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Colleoni M, Gray K, Munzone E, Dellapasqua S, Zamagni C, Gianni L, Johansson H, Viale G, Kammler R, Maibach R, Rabaglio-Poretti M, Di Leo A, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Regan MM, Goldhirsch A. Abstract P1-10-06: A randomized phase II trial evaluating the endocrine activity and efficacy of neoadjuvant degarelix versus triptorelin in premenopausal patients receiving letrozole for primary endocrine responsive breast cancer (TREND; IBCSG 41-13). Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p1-10-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and aromatase inhibitors is effective in selected premenopausal patients (pts). Degarelix, an antagonist of GnRH, has immediate onset of action through binding to GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland and thereby suppressing the production of LH and FSH. Its suppressing activity in premenopausal women might be faster and free of estrodial breakthrough on continued treatment compared with a GnRH angonist, and thereby provide significant clinical value for pts who are candidates for short-term NET.
Methods: Eligible pts were premenopausal women with cT2-4b, any nodal stage, ER and PgR >50%, HER2-negative (by IHC and/or ISH) breast cancer who were not candidates for breast conserving surgery. Premenopausal status was determined locally with estradiol (E2) levels >54 pg/mL (or >198 pmol/L), measured within 14 days prior to randomization. Pts were randomized 1:1 to Triptorelin (T) 3.75 mg i.m. on day 1 of every cycle or Degarelix (D) 240 mg s.c. given as two injections of 120 mg on day 1 of cycle 1, then 80 mg s.c. on day 1 of cycles 2-6 with letrozole (L) 2.5 mg/day for 6 cycles. Each cycle was 28 days. Definitive surgery was performed within 2-3 weeks after the last administration of T or D. Serum was collected prior to the first injection (baseline), 24 and 72 hours, 7 and 14 days, then prior to injection on day 1 of cycles 2-6. The primary endpoint was time to optimal ovarian function suppression (OFS) calculated as time from the first injection of D or T to the first assessment of centrally assessed 17-β-estradiol (E2) level in the range of optimal OFS (≤2.72 pg/mL or ≤10 pmol/L) during the 6 cycles of NET. The trial had 90% power to detect a difference using a logrank test, 2-sided α=0.05. Secondary endpoints included tolerability, Ki67changes, PEPI score, best overall response. NCT02005887
Results: TREND completed accrual of 51 pts in January 2017. A preliminary analysis based on the first 45 pts is reported here. 89% of patients were ≥40 yrs, 76% had T1-2 and 22% T3 tumors, and 51% were node-positive. Dominant histology type was ductal (93%). The table summarizes centrally-assessed E2 according to treatment at baseline and for the first 5 assessment time points indicating immediate suppression for the D+L arm. E2 levels on day 1 of cycles 2-6 were all below the limit of quantification (0.625 pg/mL) for the D+L arm. For the T+L arm continued OFS was not maintained in 4 pts.
BaselineCycle 1Cycle 2Day:01371429No. Pts D+L222221212221T+L232321232222Median (IQR) D+L96.2 (64.2,206.8)10.1 (4.0,21.8)0.6 (0.6,1.0)0.6 (0.6,0.6)0.6 (0.6,0.6)0.6 (0.6, 0.6)T+L85.1 (49.7,118.0)37.4 (17.9,59.2)12.8 (7.7,23.8)9.0 (1.2,29.7)0.6 (0.6,1.4)0.6 (0.6, 0.6)
Conclusion: Evidence from this first analysis demonstrates rapid and maintained OFS with the combination of D+L as a NET in premenopausal breast cancer patients. The final analysis of the total population, including secondary endpoints, will be presented at the symposium.
Citation Format: Colleoni M, Gray K, Munzone E, Dellapasqua S, Zamagni C, Gianni L, Johansson H, Viale G, Kammler R, Maibach R, Rabaglio-Poretti M, Di Leo A, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Regan MM, Goldhirsch A. A randomized phase II trial evaluating the endocrine activity and efficacy of neoadjuvant degarelix versus triptorelin in premenopausal patients receiving letrozole for primary endocrine responsive breast cancer (TREND; IBCSG 41-13) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-10-06.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Gray
- International Breast Cancer Study Group
| | - E Munzone
- International Breast Cancer Study Group
| | | | - C Zamagni
- International Breast Cancer Study Group
| | - L Gianni
- International Breast Cancer Study Group
| | | | - G Viale
- International Breast Cancer Study Group
| | - R Kammler
- International Breast Cancer Study Group
| | - R Maibach
- International Breast Cancer Study Group
| | | | - A Di Leo
- International Breast Cancer Study Group
| | - AS Coates
- International Breast Cancer Study Group
| | - RD Gelber
- International Breast Cancer Study Group
| | - MM Regan
- International Breast Cancer Study Group
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Bilen MA, Pan T, Lee YC, Lin SC, Yu G, Pan J, Hawke D, Pan BF, Vykoukal J, Gray K, Satcher RL, Gallick GE, Yu-Lee LY, Lin SH. Proteomics Profiling of Exosomes from Primary Mouse Osteoblasts under Proliferation versus Mineralization Conditions and Characterization of Their Uptake into Prostate Cancer Cells. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2709-2728. [PMID: 28675788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts communicate both with normal cells in the bone marrow and with tumor cells that metastasized to bone. Here we show that osteoblasts release exosomes, we termed osteosomes, which may be a novel mechanism by which osteoblasts communicate with cells in their environment. We have isolated exosomes from undifferentiated/proliferating (D0 osteosomes) and differentiated/mineralizing (D24 osteosomes) primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts. The D0 and D24 osteosomes were found to be vesicles of 130-140 nm by dynamic light scattering analysis. Proteomics profiling using tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identified 206 proteins in D0 osteosomes and 336 in D24 osteosomes. The proteins in osteosomes are mainly derived from the cytoplasm (∼47%) and plasma membrane (∼31%). About 69% of proteins in osteosomes are also found in Vesiclepedia, and these canonical exosomal proteins include tetraspanins and Rab family proteins. We found that there are differences in both protein content and levels in exosomes isolated from undifferentiated and differentiated osteoblasts. Among the proteins that are unique to osteosomes, 169 proteins are present in both D0 and D24 osteosomes, 37 are unique to D0, and 167 are unique to D24. Among those 169 proteins present in both D0 and D24 osteosomes, 10 proteins are likely present at higher levels in D24 than D0 osteosomes based on emPAI ratios of >5. These results suggest that osteosomes released from different cellular state of osteoblasts may mediate distinct functions. Using live-cell imaging, we measured the uptake of PKH26-labeled osteosomes into C4-2B4 and PC3-mm2 prostate cancer cells. In addition, we showed that cadherin-11, a cell adhesion molecule, plays a role in the uptake of osteosomes into PC3-mm2 cells as osteosome uptake was delayed by neutralizing antibody against cadherin-11. Together, our studies suggest that osteosomes could have a unique role in the bone microenvironment under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Pan
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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Stone L, Heward J, Paddick SM, Gray K, Dotchin C, Walker R. 55EXTERNAL VALIDATION OF A SHORT SCREENING TOOL FOR DEMENTIA IN A RESOURCE POOR, LOW LITERACY SETTING. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx112.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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19
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Heward J, Stone L, Dotchin C, Walker R, Paddick SM, Gray K, Kissima J. 56PREDICTORS OF COGNITIVE DECLINE IN RURAL TANZANIA. Age Ageing 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afx112.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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Jacobs C, Orsel K, Mason S, Gray K, Barkema H. Comparison of the efficacy of a commercial footbath product with copper sulfate for the control of digital dermatitis. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:5628-5641. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Fragomeni BO, Lourenco DAL, Tsuruta S, Andonov S, Gray K, Huang Y, Misztal I. Modeling response to heat stress in pigs from nucleus and commercial farms in different locations in the United States. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:4789-4798. [PMID: 27898949 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of seasonal losses due to heat stress in different environments and genetic group combinations. Data were available for 2 different swine populations: purebred Duroc animals raised in nucleus farms in Texas and North Carolina and crosses of Duroc and F females (Landrace × Large White) raised in commercial farms in Missouri and North Carolina; pedigrees provided links between animals from different states. Traits included BW at harvest age for purebred animals and HCW for crossbred animals. Weather data were collected at airports located close to the farms. Heat stress was quantified by a heat load function, defined by the units of temperature-humidity of temperature-humidity index (THI) greater than a certain threshold for 30 to 70 d before phenotype collection. Heat stress responses were quantified by a linear regression of phenotype on heat load. The greatest coefficient of determination occurred with a length of 30 d before phenotype measurements for all states and genetic groups. In the crossbreed data, THI thresholds were 67 in Missouri and 72 in North Carolina. For pure breeds, heat load had the best fit for THI thresholds greater than 70 in North Carolina, although differences in coefficient of determinations were negligible. On the other hand, no optimal THI threshold existed in Texas. In this study, heat stress had a greater impact in commercial farms than in nucleus farms and the effect of heat stress on weight varied by year and state.
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van Zelst M, Hesta M, Gray K, Goethals K, Janssens GPJ. Predictive equations of selenium accessibility of dry pet foods. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:429-433. [PMID: 27868252 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The trace element selenium is essential to both dogs and cats. Dry diets are formulated with a large range of ingredients, which may vary in selenium concentration and accessibility. This paper reports equations to predict the average in vitro selenium accessibility from dry pet foods based on essential dietary nutrient concentrations, including crude protein, amino acids and crude fat. Predictive equations were made using stepwise linear regression for extruded and pelleted diets. The equations can be used to aid diet formulation to optimize selenium accessibility within the diet and to prevent selenium deficiency or toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Zelst
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Hesta
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - K Gray
- WALTHAM® Centre for Pet Nutrition, Waltham-on-the-Wolds, Leicestershire, UK
| | - K Goethals
- Department of Comparative Physiology & Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - G P J Janssens
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Gray K, Alexander LG, Staunton R, Colyer A, Watson A, Fascetti AJ. The effect of 48-hour fasting on taurine status in healthy adult dogs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2015; 100:532-6. [PMID: 26250395 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Low circulating taurine concentrations may be a risk factor for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs. Circulating taurine is typically measured in the clinic 4-5 h after feeding, largely because the impact of later sampling is not known. The objective of this study was to measure taurine in the blood during a 48-h fast in 12 healthy adult Labrador Retrievers to refine sampling methodology for determination of taurine status. Plasma and whole blood (WB) taurine concentrations did not fall to levels indicative of clinical deficiency throughout fasting; WB was the more reliable indicator of taurine status. This study shows that blood samples can be taken for assessment of taurine status any time up to 48 h after ingestion of a meal in healthy adult dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gray
- WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Mars Petcare, Leicestershire, UK
| | - L G Alexander
- WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Mars Petcare, Leicestershire, UK
| | - R Staunton
- WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Mars Petcare, Leicestershire, UK
| | - A Colyer
- WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Mars Petcare, Leicestershire, UK
| | - A Watson
- Royal Canin, Mars Petcare, Aimargues, France
| | - A J Fascetti
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, California, USA
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24
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Engblom L, Calderón Díaz JA, Nikkilä M, Gray K, Harms P, Fix J, Tsuruta S, Mabry J, Stalder K. Genetic analysis of sow longevity and sow lifetime reproductive traits using censored data. J Anim Breed Genet 2015; 133:138-44. [PMID: 26174369 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sow longevity is a key component for efficient and profitable pig farming; however, approximately 50% of sows are removed annually from a breeding herd. There is no consensus in the scientific literature regarding a definition for sow longevity; however, it has been suggested that it can be measured using several methods such as stayability and economic indicators such as lifetime piglets produced. Sow longevity can be improved by genetic selection; however, it is rarely included in genetic evaluations. One reason is elongated time intervals required to collect complete lifetime data. The effect of genetic parameter estimation software in handling incomplete data (censoring) and possible early indicator traits were evaluated analysing a 30% censored data set (12 725 pedigreed Landrace × Large White sows that included approximately 30% censored data) with DMU6, THRGIBBS1F90 and GIBBS2CEN. Heritability estimates were low for all the traits evaluated. The results show that the binary stayability traits benefited from being analysed with a threshold model compared to analysing with a linear model. Sires were ranked very similarly regardless if the program handled censoring when all available data were included. Accumulated born alive and stayability were good indicators for lifetime born alive traits. Number of piglets born alive within each parity could be used as an early indicator trait for sow longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Engblom
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - M Nikkilä
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - K Gray
- Smithfield Premium Genetics Group, Rose Hill, NC, USA
| | - P Harms
- Smithfield Premium Genetics Group, Rose Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Fix
- Smithfield Premium Genetics Group, Rose Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Tsuruta
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - J Mabry
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - K Stalder
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Kirk HE, Gray K, Riby DM, Cornish KM. Cognitive training as a resolution for early executive function difficulties in children with intellectual disabilities. Res Dev Disabil 2015; 38:145-160. [PMID: 25561358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Core executive functions (EF) such as attention, and working memory have been strongly associated with academic achievement, language development and behavioral stability. In the case of children who are vulnerable to cognitive and learning problems because of an underlying intellectual disability, EF difficulties will likely exacerbate an already compromised cognitive system. The current review examines cognitive training programs that aim to improve EF, specifically focusing on the potential of this type of intervention for children who have intellectual disabilities. We conclude that despite considerable discrepancies regarding reported intervention effects, these inconsistencies can be attributed to flaws in both program and study design. We discuss the steps needed to address these limitations and to facilitate the advancement of non-pharmaceutical interventions for children with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Kirk
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - K Gray
- Centre for Developmental Psychology & Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D M Riby
- Department of Psychology, Durham University, England, United Kingdom
| | - K M Cornish
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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26
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Gray K, Elghadban S, Thongyoo P, Owen KA, Szabo R, Bugge TH, Tate EW, Leatherbarrow RJ, Ellis V. Potent and specific inhibition of the biological activity of the type-II transmembrane serine protease matriptase by the cyclic microprotein MCoTI-II. Thromb Haemost 2014; 112:402-11. [PMID: 24696092 DOI: 10.1160/th13-11-0895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matriptase is a type-II transmembrane serine protease involved in epithelial homeostasis in both health and disease, and is implicated in the development and progression of a variety of cancers. Matriptase mediates its biological effects both via as yet undefined substrates and pathways, and also by proteolytic cleavage of a variety of well-defined protein substrates, several of which it shares with the closely-related protease hepsin. Development of targeted therapeutic strategies will require discrimination between these proteases. Here we have investigated cyclic microproteins of the squash Momordica cochinchinensis trypsin-inhibitor family (generated by total chemical synthesis) and found MCoTI-II to be a high-affinity (Ki 9 nM) and highly selective (> 1,000-fold) inhibitor of matriptase. MCoTI-II efficiently inhibited the proteolytic activation of pro-hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) by matriptase but not by hepsin, in both purified and cell-based systems, and inhibited HGF-dependent cell scattering. MCoTI-II also selectively inhibited the invasion of matriptase-expressing prostate cancer cells. Using a model of epithelial cell tight junction assembly, we also found that MCoTI-II could effectively inhibit the re-establishment of tight junctions and epithelial barrier function in MDCK-I cells after disruption, consistent with the role of matriptase in regulating epithelial integrity. Surprisingly, MCoTI-II was unable to inhibit matriptase-dependent proteolytic activation of prostasin, a GPI-anchored serine protease also implicated in epithelial homeostasis. These observations suggest that the unusually high selectivity afforded by MCoTI-II and its biological effectiveness might represent a useful starting point for the development of therapeutic inhibitors, and further highlight the role of matriptase in epithelial maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - V Ellis
- Vincent Ellis, PhD, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK, Tel.: +44 1603 592570, E-mail:
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Sieuwerts AM, Burns M, Look MP, Meijer-Van Gelder ME, Schlicker A, Heidemann MR, Jacobs H, Wessels L, Willis S, Leyland-Jones B, Gray K, Foekens JA, Harris RS, Martens JW. Abstract S6-05: High levels of APOBEC3B, a DNA deaminase and an enzymatic source of C-to-T transitions, are a validated marker of poor outcome in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-s6-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Two recent observations have connected the innate immune DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B to the genetic evolution of breast cancer. First, APOBEC3B was shown to be up-regulated in the majority of breast cancers, and, in breast cancer cell lines, its activity was causally linked to a doubling of the number of C-to-T transitions over time and to a delay in cell cycle progression (1). Second, sequencing of the complete genome of 21 breast cancers independently suggested that APOBEC deaminase activity could be responsible for 2 of 5 mutational imprints identified, which involved clustered (also called kataegis) and dispersed C-to-T transition mutations in the context of 5’TC dinucleotide motifs (2).
In the current study, we addressed a possible association of APOBEC3B expression with outcome in clinical breast cancer. For this we measured using real-time RT-PCR APOBEC3B mRNA levels in 1,491 primary invasive breast cancers and correlated these levels with disease-free survival (DFS), metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) using univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis. In addition, we independently validated our findings in available gene expression datasets with appropriate follow-up.
In univariate analyses including all patients, increasing levels of APOBEC3B mRNA analyzed as a continuous variable were significantly associated with shorter DFS, MFS and OS (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.29, 1.31 and 1.36, respectively, all P<0.001). To determine the relation of APOBEC3B mRNA expression with the natural course of the disease without the potential confounding effects of systemic adjuvant therapy, we restricted our next analyses to MFS in 829 patients with lymph node-negative disease who had not received any (neo)adjuvant systemic therapy. This analysis showed that APOBEC3B mRNA expression was, in univariate, and in multivariable analysis, including the traditional prognostic factors (age, menopausal status, tumor size, grade and steroid hormone receptors), a marker of pure prognosis specifically in patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) disease (univariate HR = 1.30; P = 0.003; multivariate HR = 1.22, P = 0.042).
To substantiate and validate our findings, we analysed 4 independent available datasets containing in total 5,760 breast cancer cases in which APOBEC3B mRNA expression was measured by probes on microarrays and found that higher APOBEC3B mRNA expression (dichotomised by mean) was significantly associated with poor outcome in all 4 cohorts ([Metabric, 1,491 ER+ cases, HR = 1.82; P<0.001], [Affymetrix compiled dataset-1, 2,407 cases, HR = 2.22; P = 0.001], and [BIG 1-98; 1,207 cases, HR = 2.13; P<0.001 of late recurrence>5 years], and [Affymetrix dataset-2, 643 ER+ cases, HR = 2.04; P = 0.001]).
Altogether, our analyses show that APOBEC3B mRNA - and as a result likely DNA deamination – is a validated predictor of poor outcome in breast cancer, supporting the notion that APOBEC3B is a potentially interesting clinical target for therapeutic intervention to prevent breast cancer progression and metastasis, particularly in ER+ disease.
1. Burns, M.B. et al. Nature 494, 366-70 (2013); 2. Nik-Zainal, S. et al. Cell 149, 979-93 (2012).
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr S6-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- AM Sieuwerts
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sanford Health and Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - M Burns
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sanford Health and Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - MP Look
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sanford Health and Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - ME Meijer-Van Gelder
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sanford Health and Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - A Schlicker
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sanford Health and Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - MR Heidemann
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sanford Health and Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - H Jacobs
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sanford Health and Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - L Wessels
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sanford Health and Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - S Willis
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sanford Health and Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - B Leyland-Jones
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sanford Health and Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - K Gray
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sanford Health and Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - JA Foekens
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sanford Health and Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - RS Harris
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sanford Health and Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - JW Martens
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sanford Health and Research, Sioux Falls, SD; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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Sninsky J, Wang A, Gray K, Lagier R, Christopherson C, Rowland C, Chang M, Kammler R, Viale G, Kwok S, Regan M, Leyland-Jones B. Abstract PD10-03: Predictive value of a proliferation score (MS) in postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive breast cancer: results from International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) Trial IX. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-pd10-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: While representing the largest fraction of women diagnosed with primary breast cancer, older postmenopausal women with ER+, HER2− tumors are less responsive to chemoendocrine therapy than younger women and have been underrepresented in molecular profiling of randomized trials. IBCSG Trial IX, a randomized controlled trial in postmenopausal women, median age 61y, with node negative disease, failed to demonstrate the benefit of preceding tamoxifen (T) by 3 cycles of CMF for ER+ tumors. We sought to determine if MS, a proliferation score, could identify a subset of women who differentially benefit from addition of chemotherapy to T in this trial.
Methods: From 1988–1999, 1669 eligible patients (1040 with ER+, HER2− tumors) were randomized to CMF→T vs T. Disease-free survival (DFS) was the primary trial endpoint; breast cancer-free interval (BCFI) which excludes second (non-breast) malignancies and censors deaths without prior cancer event was also evaluated. Analysis was limited to the first 7 years of follow-up. From 671 (ER+, HER2−) available subjects, 568 were successfully profiled by RT-PCR. The mRNA expression levels of 14 equally-weighted proliferation genes and 3 normalization genes were used to generate MS; predetermined binary categorization of MS was used. Analysis of this post hoc, pre-specified study used results from centralized laboratory IHC and Cox models to assess the predictive value of MS on DFS and BCFI, adjusting for traditional risk factors of local treatment, age, ER, PR, Ki67, tumor size and grade.
Results: Subgroups of MS (low, 169 samples (30%) and high, 399 samples (70%)) were identified. MS by treatment interaction was significant for DFS and BCFI (each p ≤ 0.004). Among patients with low MS, CMF→T improved DFS (HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.06–0.59) and BCFI (HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.72) vs T; 7y DFS was 95% vs 83% with CMF→T vs T. Among patients with high MS, CMF→T did not improve DFS (HR 1.27, 95% CI 0.79–2.05) or BCFI (HR 1.37, 95% CI 0.80–2.33) and 7y DFS of 81% for CMF→T and T. Continuous MS was moderately correlated with log Ki67 (r = 0.47) but not correlated with ER or PR. The MS by treatment interaction remained significant with Ki67 in the model.
Conclusions: Low MS was associated with differential benefit favoring those women receiving CMF→T vs T alone for both DFS and BCFI in the first 7 years. The effect was independent of traditional risk factors including Ki67. Hence this study, which is unconfounded by chemotherapy-induced ovarian ablation in younger women, identifies a subset of postmenopausal women with ER+, HER2− tumors that benefit from CMF chemotherapy. This seemingly incongruous observation is consistent with a) the prior observation that only the low-proliferation subgroup by PAM50 11-gene signature benefits from the addition of weekly paclitaxel to adjuvant FEC (GEICAM/9906), b) the ability of MS to identify a subset of women with tumors with disseminated luminal progenitor cells activated through the agonistic activity of tamoxifen, and c) the repetitive dosing of cyclophosphamide and taxol being hypothesized to act via tumor stroma/anti-angiogenesis. The relative contribution of these factors is under investigation.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD10-03.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sninsky
- Celera, Alameda, CA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; IBCSG Coordinating Center, Berne, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - A Wang
- Celera, Alameda, CA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; IBCSG Coordinating Center, Berne, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - K Gray
- Celera, Alameda, CA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; IBCSG Coordinating Center, Berne, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - R Lagier
- Celera, Alameda, CA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; IBCSG Coordinating Center, Berne, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - C Christopherson
- Celera, Alameda, CA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; IBCSG Coordinating Center, Berne, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - C Rowland
- Celera, Alameda, CA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; IBCSG Coordinating Center, Berne, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - M Chang
- Celera, Alameda, CA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; IBCSG Coordinating Center, Berne, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - R Kammler
- Celera, Alameda, CA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; IBCSG Coordinating Center, Berne, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - G Viale
- Celera, Alameda, CA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; IBCSG Coordinating Center, Berne, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - S Kwok
- Celera, Alameda, CA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; IBCSG Coordinating Center, Berne, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - M Regan
- Celera, Alameda, CA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; IBCSG Coordinating Center, Berne, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - B Leyland-Jones
- Celera, Alameda, CA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; IBCSG Coordinating Center, Berne, Switzerland; European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy; Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD
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Ladhani S, Ramsay M, Flood J, Campbell H, Slack M, Pebody R, Findlow J, Newton E, Wilding M, Warrington R, Crawford H, Min S, Gray K, Martin S, Frankland S, Bokuvha N, Laher G, Borrow R. Haemophilus influenzae serotype B (Hib) seroprevalence in England and Wales in 2009. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 17. [PMID: 23171823 DOI: 10.2807/ese.17.46.20313-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A national seroprevalence study was performed to determine the prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) antibodies in England and Wales in 2009, when Hib disease incidence was the lowest ever recorded. A total of 2,693 anonymised residual sera from routine diagnostic testing submitted by participating National Health Service hospital laboratories were tested for Hib anti-polyribosyl-ribitol phosphate (PRP) IgG antibodies using a fluorescent bead assay. Median anti-PRP IgG concentrations were highest in toddlers aged 1–4 years (2.65 μg/ml), followed by children aged 5–9 years (1.95 μg/ml). Antibody concentrations were significantly lower after this age, but were still significantly higher among 10–19 year-olds (0.54 μg/ml) compared with adults aged >20 years (0.16 μg/ ml; p<0.0001). Half of the adults (51%) did not have Hib antibody concentrations ≥0.15 μg/ml, the level considered to confer short-term protection. Thus, the current excellent Hib control appears to be the result of high anti-PRP antibody concentrations in children aged up to 10 years, achieved through the various childhood vaccination campaigns offering booster immunisation. The lack of seroprotection in adults emphasises the importance of maintaining control of the disease and, most probably carriage, in children, therefore raising the question as to whether long-term routine boosting of either pre-school children or adolescents may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sn Ladhani
- Health Protection Agency Colindale, London, United Kingdom.
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Baren JP, Stewart GD, Stokes A, Gray K, Pennington CJ, O'Neill R, Deans DAC, Paterson-Brown S, Riddick ACP, Edwards DR, Fearon KCH, Ross JA, Skipworth RJE. mRNA profiling of the cancer degradome in oesophago-gastric adenocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:143-9. [PMID: 22677901 PMCID: PMC3389427 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Degradation of the extracellular matrix is fundamental to tumour development, invasion and metastasis. Several protease families have been implicated in the development of a broad range of tumour types, including oesophago–gastric (OG) adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to analyse the expression levels of all core members of the cancer degradome in OG adenocarcinoma and to investigate the relationship between expression levels and tumour/patient variables associated with poor prognosis. Methods: Comprehensive expression profiling of the protease families (matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), members of the ADAM metalloproteinase-disintegrin family (ADAMs)), their inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase), and molecules involved in the c-Met signalling pathway, was performed using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in a cohort of matched malignant and benign peri-tumoural OG tissue (n=25 patients). Data were analysed with respect to clinico-pathological variables (tumour stage and grade, age, sex and pre-operative plasma C-reactive protein level). Results: Gene expression of MMP1, 3, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16 and 24 was upregulated by factors >4-fold in OG adenocarcinoma samples compared with matched benign tissue (P<0.01). Expression of ADAM8 and ADAM15 correlated significantly with tumour stage (P=0.048 and P=0.044), and ADAM12 expression correlated with tumour grade (P=0.011). Conclusion: This study represents the first comprehensive quantitative analysis of the expression of proteases and their inhibitors in human OG adenocarcinoma. These findings implicate elevated ADAM8, 12 and 15 mRNA expression as potential prognostic molecular markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Baren
- Tissue Injury and Repair Group, Clinical and Surgical Sciences, University of Edinburgh-MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, UK
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Mascetti V, Gray K, Bennett M. 13 Human plaque vascular smooth muscle cells show differential expression of genes associated with oxidative DNA damage. Heart 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2011-301156.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Garrood T, Iyer A, Gray K, Prentice H, Bamford R, Jenkin R, Shah N, Gray R, Mearns B, Ratoff JC. A structured course teaching junior doctors invasive medical procedures results in sustained improvements in self-reported confidence. Clin Med (Lond) 2010; 10:464-7. [PMID: 21117378 PMCID: PMC4952407 DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.10-5-464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pressure on working hours has led to a decrease in opportunities for training in invasive medical procedures for junior doctors. The effect of a structured course on immediate and medium-term changes in self-reported confidence was investigated. A one-day model-based practical course was run on two separate occasions teaching central venous line placement, lumbar puncture, Seldinger-technique chest drain insertion and knee joint aspiration. Attendees were asked to indicate their confidence in each procedure on a 10-point Likert scale before, immediately after and three months after the course. Significant improvements in self-reported confidence were seen for all procedures which were sustained at three months. Feedback was universally positive. Practical preclinical training may be a useful adjunct to patient-based training in invasive procedures. The course was particularly popular with foundation year trainees: ideally this training should be available before trainees' first exposure in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Garrood
- Department of Medicine, East Surrey Hospital, Redhill, Surrey.
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Collins JC, Adamek D, Boles R, Cape L, Caylor MJ, Cebert E, Flinn J, Garrison D, Gray K, Lamb N, Lee H, McKeel J, Reeves D, Reutter J, Shelton G, Williams K. VIA: Cellular and Economic Transformation. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.2_supplement.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry C Collins
- Valley Innovation AllianceHuntsvilleAL
- Protean Venture LLCNashvilleTN
| | - D Adamek
- Valley Innovation AllianceHuntsvilleAL
| | - R Boles
- Valley Innovation AllianceHuntsvilleAL
| | - L Cape
- Valley Innovation AllianceHuntsvilleAL
| | - MJ Caylor
- Valley Innovation AllianceHuntsvilleAL
| | - E Cebert
- Valley Innovation AllianceHuntsvilleAL
| | - J Flinn
- Valley Innovation AllianceHuntsvilleAL
| | | | - K Gray
- Valley Innovation AllianceHuntsvilleAL
| | - N Lamb
- Valley Innovation AllianceHuntsvilleAL
| | - H Lee
- Valley Innovation AllianceHuntsvilleAL
| | - J McKeel
- Valley Innovation AllianceHuntsvilleAL
| | - D Reeves
- Valley Innovation AllianceHuntsvilleAL
| | - J Reutter
- Valley Innovation AllianceHuntsvilleAL
| | - G Shelton
- Valley Innovation AllianceHuntsvilleAL
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Lydakis C, Momen A, Blaha C, Gugoff S, Gray K, Herr M, Leuenberger UA, Sinoway LI. Changes of central haemodynamic parameters during mental stress and acute bouts of static and dynamic exercise. J Hum Hypertens 2008; 22:320-8. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2008.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Pericellular proteolytic activity affects many aspects of cellular behaviour, via mechanisms involving processing of the extracellular matrix, growth factors and receptors. The serine proteases have exquisitely sensitive regulatory mechanisms in this setting, involving both receptor-bound and transmembrane proteases. Receptor-bound proteases are exemplified by the uPA (urokinase plasminogen activator)/uPAR (uPAR receptor) plasminogen activation system. The mechanisms initiating the activity of this proteolytic system on the cell surface, a critical regulatory point, are poorly understood. We have found that the expression of the TTSP (type II transmembrane serine protease) matriptase is highly regulated in leucocytes, and correlates with the presence of active uPA on their surface. Using siRNA (small interfering RNA), we have demonstrated that matriptase specifically activates uPAR-associated pro-uPA. The uPA/uPAR system has been implicated in the activation of the plasminogen-related growth factor HGF (hepatocyte growth factor). However, we find no evidence for this, but instead that HGF can be activated by both matriptase and the related TTSP hepsin in purified systems. Hepsin is of particular interest, as the proteolytic cleavage sequence of HGF is an 'ideal substrate' for hepsin and membrane-associated hepsin activates HGF with high efficiency. Both of these TTSPs can be activated autocatalytically at the cell surface, an unusual mechanism among the serine proteases. Therefore these TTSPs have the capacity to be true upstream initiators of proteolytic activity with subsequent downstream effects on cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Qiu
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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Dicks E, Teague JW, Stephens P, Raine K, Yates A, Mattocks C, Tarpey P, Butler A, Menzies A, Richardson D, Jenkinson A, Davies H, Edkins S, Forbes S, Gray K, Greenman C, Shepherd R, Stratton MR, Futreal PA, Wooster R. AutoCSA, an algorithm for high throughput DNA sequence variant detection in cancer genomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 23:1689-91. [PMID: 17485433 PMCID: PMC5947781 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btm152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The undertaking of large-scale DNA sequencing screens for somatic variants in human cancers requires accurate and rapid processing of traces for variants. Due to their often aneuploid nature and admixed normal tissue, heterozygous variants found in primary cancers are often subtle and difficult to detect. To address these issues, we have developed a mutation detection algorithm, AutoCSA, specifically optimized for the high throughput screening of cancer samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Dicks
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - J. W. Teague
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - P. Stephens
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - K. Raine
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - A. Yates
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - C. Mattocks
- NGRL (Wessex), Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - P. Tarpey
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - A. Butler
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - A. Menzies
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - D. Richardson
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - A. Jenkinson
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - H. Davies
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - S. Edkins
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - S. Forbes
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - K. Gray
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - C. Greenman
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - R. Shepherd
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - M. R. Stratton
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Contact:
| | - P. A. Futreal
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - R. Wooster
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
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Herring S, Gray K, Taffe J, Tonge B, Sweeney D, Einfeld S. Behaviour and emotional problems in toddlers with pervasive developmental disorders and developmental delay: associations with parental mental health and family functioning. J Intellect Disabil Res 2006; 50:874-82. [PMID: 17100948 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00904.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioural and emotional problems occur at a high rate in children and adolescents with intellectual disability, often from a young age. Some studies have indicated that children and adolescents with autism present with even higher rates. Less is known about the presentation, development and family impact of these difficulties in young children with autism. This study aimed to explore these issues in toddlers with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs), those with delay without a PDD, and their families. METHODS Participants were 123 children aged 20-51 months, referred to a developmental assessment clinic. Parents completed a checklist on child behavioural and emotional problems, and individual questionnaires on family functioning, their own mental health, and stress in relation to parenting their child. The child's language and cognitive skills, adaptive functioning and behaviour were assessed by standardized measures. Measures were repeated 1 year postdiagnosis. Behavioural and emotional problems in young children with a PDD were compared with those in children with developmental delay without a PDD, and their impact on parental outcomes explored over time. RESULTS Initial and follow-up measures of child behaviour and emotional problems, parent mental health problems, parent stress and family functioning were significantly correlated, providing some evidence of stability over time. Child emotional and behavioural problems contributed significantly more to mother stress, parent mental health problems, and perceived family dysfunction than child diagnosis (PDD/non-PDD), delay or gender. Compared with mothers, all fathers reported significantly less stress in relation to parenting their child. CONCLUSION Results highlighted the importance of addressing emotional and behavioural problems in very young children with autism and/or developmental delay. The need for early support and intervention for mothers, fathers and families in this context was also evidenced. As research has shown that behavioural and emotional problems persist into adolescence and young adulthood, understanding of these issues in very young children and their parents has important implications for intervention and long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Herring
- Monash University, Centre for Developmental Psychiatry & Psychology, School of Psychology, Psychiatry & Psychological Medicine, Clayton, Vic., Australia
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Ross JS, Schenkein D, Webb I, Gray G, Deeds J, Meyer R, McDonald A, Sheehan C, Gray K. Expression of prostate specific membrane antigen in the neo-vasculature of non-prostate cancers. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.3110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Ross
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MS; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MA; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc, Tucson, AZ
| | - D. Schenkein
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MS; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MA; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc, Tucson, AZ
| | - I. Webb
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MS; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MA; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc, Tucson, AZ
| | - G. Gray
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MS; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MA; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc, Tucson, AZ
| | - J. Deeds
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MS; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MA; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc, Tucson, AZ
| | - R. Meyer
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MS; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MA; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc, Tucson, AZ
| | - A. McDonald
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MS; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MA; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc, Tucson, AZ
| | - C. Sheehan
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MS; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MA; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc, Tucson, AZ
| | - K. Gray
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MS; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Cambridge, MA; Ventana Medical Systems, Inc, Tucson, AZ
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Morrison AC, Astete H, Chapilliquen F, Ramirez-Prada C, Diaz G, Getis A, Gray K, Scott TW. Evaluation of a sampling methodology for rapid assessment of Aedes aegypti infestation levels in Iquitos, Peru. J Med Entomol 2004; 41:502-510. [PMID: 15185957 DOI: 10.1603/0022-2585-41.3.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
An epidemic of dengue during 2001 in Northwestern Peru reemphasized the need for efficient, accurate, and economical vector surveillance. Between November 1998 and January 1999, we carried out extensive entomological surveys in two neighborhoods of approximately 600 contiguous houses located in the Amazonian city of Iquitos, providing a unique opportunity to evaluate the Aedes aegypti (L.) rapid assessment survey strategy. Based on Pan American Health Organization recommendations, this strategy is used by the Peruvian Ministry of Health (MOH). In our analysis all household locations, including closed and unoccupied houses, were georeferenced and displayed in a geographic information system, which facilitated simulations of MOH surveys based on hypothetical systematic sampling transects. Larval, pupal, and adult mosquito indices were calculated for each simulation (n = 10) and compared with the indices calculated from the complete data set (n = 4). The range of indices calculated from simulations was moderately high, but included actual indices. For example, simulation ranges for house indices (HI, percentage of infested houses from complete survey) were 38-56% (45%), 36-42% (38%), 21-34% (30%), and 13-33% (27%) in four surveys. HI, Breteau index, pupae per hectare, adult index, and adults per hectare were more robust entomological indicators (coefficient of variation [CV]/mean = 0.1-2.9) than the container index, pupae per person, pupae per house, adults per person, and adults per house (CV/mean >20). Our results demonstrate that the MOH's Ae. aegypti risk assessment program provides reasonable estimates of indices based on samples from every house. However, it is critical that future studies investigate the association of these indices with rates of virus transmission to determine whether sampling variability will negatively impact the application of indices in a public health context.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Morrison
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis 96515, USA
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Tordera R, Pei Q, Newson M, Gray K, Sprakes M, Sharp T. Effect of different 5-HT1A receptor antagonists in combination with paroxetine on expression of the immediate-early gene Arc in rat brain. Neuropharmacology 2003; 44:893-902. [PMID: 12726821 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(03)00096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Selective 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonists enhance the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on presynaptic 5-HT function, and have potential as antidepressant augmentation therapies. The present study tested the effect of different selective 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonists (WAY 100635, NAD-299, p-MPPI and LY 426965) in combination with a SSRI (paroxetine), on postsynaptic 5-HT function measured by increased expression of the immediate early gene, Arc. Paroxetine (5 mg/kg s.c.) combined with WAY 100635 (0.3 mg/kg s.c.) increased Arc mRNA in frontal, parietal and piriform cortices, and caudate putamen. Paroxetine (5 mg/kg s.c.) plus NAD-299 (1 or 5 mg/kg s.c.) had a similar effect. None of these drugs increased Arc mRNA when administered alone. Paroxetine (5 mg/kg s.c.) plus p-MPPI (8.5 mg/kg s.c.) also increased Arc mRNA but p-MPPI itself elevated Arc mRNA in many regions. Whilst LY 426965 (3 or 10 mg/kg s.c.) had no effect alone, when combined with paroxetine (5 mg/kg s.c.), the drug increased Arc mRNA in caudate putamen but not cortical regions.In conclusion, this study demonstrates that four 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonists augment the effect of an SSRI on Arc mRNA expression, which is suggestive of increased postsynaptic 5-HT function. However, the data reveal certain differences in the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonists not recognised in models of presynaptic 5-HT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tordera
- University Department of Pharmacology, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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Gray K, French N, Gilks C, Whitworth J, Hart C. Epidemiology and antifungal susceptibilities of Cryptococcus neoformans in Entebbe, Uganda. J Infect 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(02)90325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Antimicrobial control measures are commonly perceived to lead to an improvement in quality of prescribing, cost-effectiveness and reduction in resistance. All three outcomes have been subject to scrutiny. As proper use of resources needs to be balanced with provision of high-quality health care, the effectiveness of control measures (antibiotic policies or formularies) must be monitored. Measurement of quality by using specific indicators has been suggested as an effective measure of performance. We describe a model for evaluating core aspects of antimicrobial control programmes, aimed at improving the quality of glycopeptide prescribing by 'appropriate use guidelines'. Prioritizing indicator settings within antimicrobial control programmes is essential if limited resources are to be used most effectively. Indicator development, evaluation and feedback ought to be multi-disciplinary to ensure ownership and long-term benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nathwani
- Infection & Immuno-deficiency Unit, Tayside University, Hospitals NHS Trust, Dundee, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine factors associated with uptake of HIV clinic services by black African HIV positive people living in London. DESIGN Questionnaire survey of patients attending study clinic. SETTING HIV outpatient clinic in south London, UK. SUBJECTS All HIV positive patients attending the clinic between July 1999 and March 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Use of health services, delay in seeking HIV test, pre-HIV test concerns, delay in uptake of HIV care, barriers to clinic use, disclosure, sources of support. RESULTS 392 questionnaires were completed. Respondents were 64% white, 26% black African, and 10% from other ethnic groups. Twenty eight per cent of black Africans suspected they were HIV positive before diagnosis (white patients 45% (p<0.01)). Before testing 11% of black Africans had previously attended a genitourinary medicine clinic, 80% had consulted a GP. Twenty per cent of black Africans expressed concern over entitlement to care and where to get an HIV test. The majority of black Africans (66%) received HIV care within 1 month of their diagnosis. They were significantly (p<0.01) less likely than white patients to disclose their HIV status to family and friends. CONCLUSION This study suggests that although black Africans are a high risk group for HIV infection they generally do not suspect their status. While they may delay testing, their uptake of HIV clinic care and use of statutory and voluntary support services after diagnosis is similar to their white counterparts. However, they lack informal support networks. This study highlights the continuing need for health promotion work among London's African communities, to reduce the stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS and to raise awareness of the benefits of testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Erwin
- Academic Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Guy's, King's and St Thomas's Medical School, Harrison Wing, St Thomas's Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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Evelyn B, Toigo T, Banks D, Pohl D, Gray K, Robins B, Ernat J. Participation of racial/ethnic groups in clinical trials and race-related labeling: a review of new molecular entities approved 1995-1999. J Natl Med Assoc 2001; 93:18S-24S. [PMID: 11798060 PMCID: PMC2719997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Few recent data are available from formal evaluations of approved new drug applications to address perceptions that racial and ethnic groups are under-represented in clinical trials of new drugs. This study reviews racial and ethnic group participation in clinical trials and race-related labeling for new molecular entities approved during a five-year period by the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER). This was a retrospective review of FDA medical officers' reviews of clinical trial protocols and product labeling for 185 new molecular entities (NME's) approved by CDER between January 1,1995, and December 31, 1999. Enrollment data were obtained from the reviews and tabulated according to race/ethnicity. The approved product labeling was searched for statements related to product testing in various racial/ethnic groups. All data were compiled and analyzed using Microsoft Access. This study quantifies the participation of racial/ethnic groups in clinical trials by year and therapeutic category. Additionally, the study categorizes labeling based on the types of effects described as related to race/ethnicity. Racial and ethnic groups appear to participate in clinical trials to varying degrees. African Americans participated in trials to the greatest extent; however, their participation steadily declined from 12% in 1995 to 6% in 1999. Among trials known to be conducted only in the U.S., African-American participation is comparable to their representation in the U.S. population. In all cases, participants designated as Hispanic appear to be far below their representation in the population. Some differences in participation for all racial and ethnic groups are seen when comparisons from year-to-year or among drug classes are made. Labeling for 45% (84/185) of the products contained some statement about race, although in only 8% (15/185) were differences related to race described. Fifty percent (50%) of the effects were pharmacokinetic, 39% were efficacy, and 11% were safety. One product label recommended a change in dosage based on racial differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Evelyn
- Office of Special Health Issues, Office of the Commissioner, US Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the need for, and the most practical way to provide, HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for medical students travelling to areas where this is not readily available. METHODS Follow-up questionnaire for all 140 students from Dundee University returning from their medical elective in 2000, 22 of whom took triple therapy for PEP with them on elective. RESULTS 103/140 students (74%) returned questionnaires. 76/103 (74%) were involved in exposure-prone procedures and 38/103 (37%) reported a significant exposure to potentially infective fluids. Six of this group considered PEP but none reported using it. The greatest perceived risk on elective remained road accidents. 87/103 respondents thought a 24-h helpline for health issues on electives would be useful. CONCLUSIONS A high number of students report significant exposure to potentially infected fluids and this needs to be urgently addressed. There was almost unanimous endorsement of the idea of providing PEP and when it is made easily available prior to travel, students are willing to take it to areas where it is not available. In response to the survey, the investigators are looking at how to increase the current limited supply of PEP (Students may have to pay part of the cost) and the best way to provide a helpline, as it is felt that this could have a broad impact on student safety on electives, not just for issues involving PEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- G F Franklin
- Infection and Immunodeficiency Unit, Tayside University Teaching Hospital, Dundee, DD3 8EA, UK
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Gray K. Therapy for osteoporosis. J S C Med Assoc 2001; 97:114-6. [PMID: 11285883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Gray
- Carolina Endocrine and Osteoporosis Center, Charleston, SC 29406, USA
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Gray K. Heads up on osteoporosis. J S C Med Assoc 2001; 97:53-6. [PMID: 11235116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Gray
- Carolina Endocrine and Osteoporosis Center, 2831 Tricom Street, North Charleston, SC 29406, USA
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Ashar HR, James L, Gray K, Carr D, McGuirk M, Maxwell E, Black S, Armstrong L, Doll RJ, Taveras AG, Bishop WR, Kirschmeier P. The farnesyl transferase inhibitor SCH 66336 induces a G(2) --> M or G(1) pause in sensitive human tumor cell lines. Exp Cell Res 2001; 262:17-27. [PMID: 11120601 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2000.5076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
SCH 66336 is a potent farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) in clinical development. It efficiently prevents the membrane association of H-ras, but not K- or N-ras. Yet, in soft agar, it reverts the anchorage-independent growth of human tumor cell lines (hTCLs) harboring H-ras, K-ras, and N-ras mutations, implying that blocking farnesylation of proteins besides ras may be responsible for this effect. Experiments show that SCH 66336 altered the cell cycle distribution of sensitive human tumor cells in two distinct ways. Most sensitive hTCLs accumulated in the G(2)-->M phase after the FTI treatment, but those with an activated H-ras accumulated in G(1) phase, suggesting that the biological effects induced by FTIs in cells with an activated H-ras are distinct from other sensitive cells. A careful genotypic comparison of the hTCLs revealed that those cells with wild-type p53 are especially sensitive to the FTIs. In these cells p53 and its downstream target gene p21(Cip1) are induced after treatment with SCH 66336 for 24 h. These data suggest that cell cycle effects, either G(1) or G(2)-->M accumulation, and p53 status are important for mediating the effects of FTIs on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Ashar
- Department of Tumor Biology, Schering-Plough Research Institute, 2015 Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, New Jersey, 07033, USA
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