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Valcárcel-Hernández V, Vancamp P, Butruille L, Remaud S, Guadaño-Ferraz A. Combined deletion of Mct8 and Dio2 impairs SVZ neurogliogenesis and olfactory function in adult mice. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106572. [PMID: 38901782 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the adult mouse subventricular zone (SVZ), neural stem cells (NSCs) produce neuroblasts and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). T3, the active thyroid hormone, influences renewal and commitment of SVZ progenitors. However, how regulators of T3 availability affect these processes is less understood. Using Mct8/Dio2 knockout mice, we investigated the role of MCT8, a TH transporter, and DIO2, the T3-generating enzyme, in regulating adult SVZ-neurogliogenesis. Single-cell RNA-Seq revealed Mct8 expression in various SVZ cell types in WT mice, while Dio2 was enriched in neurons, astrocytes, and quiescent NSCs. The absence of both regulators in the knockout model dysregulated gene expression, increased the neuroblast/OPC ratio and hindered OPC differentiation. Immunostainings demonstrated compromised neuroblast migration reducing their supply to the olfactory bulbs, impairing interneuron differentiation and odor discrimination. These findings underscore the pivotal roles of MCT8 and DIO2 in neuro- and oligodendrogenesis, offering targets for therapeutic avenues in neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Valcárcel-Hernández
- Laboratory of Thyroid hormones and CNS, Department of Neurological Diseases and Aging, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Lucile Butruille
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
- Laboratory of Thyroid hormones and CNS, Department of Neurological Diseases and Aging, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Raudales R, Kim G, Kelly SM, Hatfield J, Guan W, Zhao S, Paul A, Qian Y, Li B, Huang ZJ. Specific and comprehensive genetic targeting reveals brain-wide distribution and synaptic input patterns of GABAergic axo-axonic interneurons. eLife 2024; 13:RP93481. [PMID: 39012795 PMCID: PMC11251723 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Axo-axonic cells (AACs), also called chandelier cells (ChCs) in the cerebral cortex, are the most distinctive type of GABAergic interneurons described in the neocortex, hippocampus, and basolateral amygdala (BLA). AACs selectively innervate glutamatergic projection neurons (PNs) at their axon initial segment (AIS), thus may exert decisive control over PN spiking and regulate PN functional ensembles. However, the brain-wide distribution, synaptic connectivity, and circuit function of AACs remain poorly understood, largely due to the lack of specific and reliable experimental tools. Here, we have established an intersectional genetic strategy that achieves specific and comprehensive targeting of AACs throughout the mouse brain based on their lineage (Nkx2.1) and molecular (Unc5b, Pthlh) markers. We discovered that AACs are deployed across essentially all the pallium-derived brain structures, including not only the dorsal pallium-derived neocortex and medial pallium-derived hippocampal formation, but also the lateral pallium-derived claustrum-insular complex, and the ventral pallium-derived extended amygdaloid complex and olfactory centers. AACs are also abundant in anterior olfactory nucleus, taenia tecta, and lateral septum. AACs show characteristic variations in density across neocortical areas and layers and across subregions of the hippocampal formation. Neocortical AACs comprise multiple laminar subtypes with distinct dendritic and axonal arborization patterns. Retrograde monosynaptic tracing from AACs across neocortical, hippocampal, and BLA regions reveal shared as well as distinct patterns of synaptic input. Specific and comprehensive targeting of AACs facilitates the study of their developmental genetic program and circuit function across brain structures, providing a ground truth platform for understanding the conservation and variation of a bona fide cell type across brain regions and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Raudales
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Program in Neurobiology, Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookUnited States
| | - Gukhan Kim
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Sean M Kelly
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Program in Neurobiology, Stony Brook UniversityStony BrookUnited States
| | - Joshua Hatfield
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Wuqiang Guan
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
| | - Shengli Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Anirban Paul
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of MedicineHersheyUnited States
| | - Yongjun Qian
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Bo Li
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
| | - Z Josh Huang
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke UniversityDurhamUnited States
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3
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van Velthoven CTJ, Gao Y, Kunst M, Lee C, McMillen D, Chakka AB, Casper T, Clark M, Chakrabarty R, Daniel S, Dolbeare T, Ferrer R, Gloe J, Goldy J, Guzman J, Halterman C, Ho W, Huang M, James K, Nguy B, Pham T, Ronellenfitch K, Thomas ED, Torkelson A, Pagan CM, Kruse L, Dee N, Ng L, Waters J, Smith KA, Tasic B, Yao Z, Zeng H. The transcriptomic and spatial organization of telencephalic GABAergic neuronal types. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.18.599583. [PMID: 38948843 PMCID: PMC11212977 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.18.599583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The telencephalon of the mammalian brain comprises multiple regions and circuit pathways that play adaptive and integrative roles in a variety of brain functions. There is a wide array of GABAergic neurons in the telencephalon; they play a multitude of circuit functions, and dysfunction of these neurons has been implicated in diverse brain disorders. In this study, we conducted a systematic and in-depth analysis of the transcriptomic and spatial organization of GABAergic neuronal types in all regions of the mouse telencephalon and their developmental origins. This was accomplished by utilizing 611,423 single-cell transcriptomes from the comprehensive and high-resolution transcriptomic and spatial cell type atlas for the adult whole mouse brain we have generated, supplemented with an additional single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset containing 99,438 high-quality single-cell transcriptomes collected from the pre- and postnatal developing mouse brain. We present a hierarchically organized adult telencephalic GABAergic neuronal cell type taxonomy of 7 classes, 52 subclasses, 284 supertypes, and 1,051 clusters, as well as a corresponding developmental taxonomy of 450 clusters across different ages. Detailed charting efforts reveal extraordinary complexity where relationships among cell types reflect both spatial locations and developmental origins. Transcriptomically and developmentally related cell types can often be found in distant and diverse brain regions indicating that long-distance migration and dispersion is a common characteristic of nearly all classes of telencephalic GABAergic neurons. Additionally, we find various spatial dimensions of both discrete and continuous variations among related cell types that are correlated with gene expression gradients. Lastly, we find that cortical, striatal and some pallidal GABAergic neurons undergo extensive postnatal diversification, whereas septal and most pallidal GABAergic neuronal types emerge simultaneously during the embryonic stage with limited postnatal diversification. Overall, the telencephalic GABAergic cell type taxonomy can serve as a foundational reference for molecular, structural and functional studies of cell types and circuits by the entire community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan Gao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Changkyu Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Scott Daniel
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tim Dolbeare
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jessica Gloe
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeff Goldy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Windy Ho
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mike Huang
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Beagan Nguy
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lauren Kruse
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lydia Ng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jack Waters
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
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4
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Miyauchi M, Akashi T, Furukawa A, Uchida K, Tamura T, Ando N, Kirimura S, Shintaku H, Yamamoto K, Ito T, Miura K, Kayamori K, Ariizumi Y, Asakage T, Kudo A, Tanabe M, Fujii Y, Ishibashi H, Okubo K, Murakami M, Yamada T, Takemoto A, Bae Y, Eishi Y, Ohashi K. PHOX2B is a Sensitive and Specific Marker for the Histopathological Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. Endocr Pathol 2022; 33:506-518. [PMID: 36029394 DOI: 10.1007/s12022-022-09730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytomas (PCCs) and paragangliomas (PGLs) are non-epithelial neuroendocrine neoplasms originating from the adrenal medulla and paraganglion of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, respectively. PCCs and PGLs show histological similarities with other epithelial neuroendocrine neoplasms and olfactory neuroblastomas (ONBs), and the differential diagnosis of PGLs is particularly difficult. Therefore, we compared the sensitivity of PHOX2A, PHOX2B, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the histopathological diagnosis of PCCs and PGLs immunohistochemically using the tissue microarrays of 297 neoplasms including PCCs, PGLs, neuroblastomas, ganglioneuromas, epithelial neuroendocrine neoplasms, and ONBs. Using cutoff values of 25%, 5%, and 5% of tumor cells expressing PHOX2A, PHOX2B, and TH, respectively, as positive, 40 of 51 PCCs, 32 of 33 parasympathetic/head and neck PGLs (HNPGLs), 17 of 19 sympathetic/thoracoabdominal PGLs (TAPGLs), and 12 of 152 epithelial neuroendocrine neoplasms, including 123 well-differentiated and 29 poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasms, were PHOX2A-positive. All 51 PCCs, 33 HNPGLs, and 19 TAPGLs were PHOX2B-positive, while all 152 epithelial neuroendocrine neoplasms were PHOX2B-negative. Moreover, 50 of 51 PCCs, 13 of 33 HNPGLs, all TAPGLs, and 12 of 152 epithelial neuroendocrine neoplasms were TH-positive. All ONBs were negative for PHOX2A, PHOX2B, and TH. PHOX2B was the most sensitive and specific diagnostic marker for PCCs and PGLs among PHOX2A, PHOX2B, and TH. PHOX2B can facilitate identification of PCCs and PGLs from epithelial neuroendocrine neoplasms and ONBs, especially in the case of HNPGLs, in which TH is often negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Miyauchi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan.
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Asuka Furukawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Uchida
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Tamura
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Ando
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Kirimura
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shintaku
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kurara Yamamoto
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Miura
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ariizumi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Asakage
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kudo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Fujii
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Ishibashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Okubo
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Murakami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Yamada
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Takemoto
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuan Bae
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Eishi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ohashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Mueller T. The Everted Amygdala of Ray-Finned Fish: Zebrafish Makes a Case. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2022; 97:321-335. [PMID: 35760049 DOI: 10.1159/000525669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The amygdala, a complex array of nuclei in the forebrain, controls emotions and emotion-related behaviors in vertebrates. Current research aims to understand the amygdala's evolution in ray-finned fish such as zebrafish because of the region's relevance for social behavior and human psychiatric disorders. Clear-cut molecular definitions of the amygdala and its evolutionary-developmental relationship to the one of mammals are critical for zebrafish models of affective disorders and autism. In this review, I argue that the prosomeric model and a focus on the olfactory system's organization provide ideal tools for discovering deep ancestral relationships between the emotional systems of zebrafish and mammals. The review's focus is on the "extended amygdala," which refers to subpallial amygdaloid territories including the central (autonomic) and the medial (olfactory) amygdala required for reproductive and social behaviors. Amphibians, sauropsids, and lungfish share many characteristics with the basic amygdala ground plan of mammals, as molecular and hodological studies have shown. Further exploration of the evolution of the amygdala in basally derived fish vertebrates requires researchers to test these "tetrapod-based" concepts. Historically, this has been a daunting task because the forebrains of basally derived fish vertebrates look very different from those of more familiar tetrapod ones. An extreme case are ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) like zebrafish because their telencephalon develops through a distinct outward-growing process called eversion. To this day, scientists have struggled to determine how the everted telencephalon compares to non-actinopterygian vertebrates. Using the teleost zebrafish as a genetic model, comparative neurologists began to establish quantifiable molecular definitions that allow direct comparisons between ray-finned fish and tetrapods. In this review, I discuss how the most recent discovery of the zebrafish amygdala ground plan offers an opportunity to identify the developmental constraints of amygdala evolution and function. In addition, I explain how the zebrafish prethalamic eminence (PThE) topologically relates to the medial amygdala proper and the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (nLOT). In fact, I consider these previously misinterpreted olfactory structures the most critical missing evolutionary links between actinopterygian and tetrapod amygdalae. In this context, I will also explain why recognizing both the PThE and the nLOT is crucial to understanding the telencephalon eversion. Recognizing these anatomical hallmarks allows direct comparisons of the amygdalae of zebrafish and mammals. Ultimately, the new concepts of the zebrafish amygdala will overcome current dogmas and reach a holistic understanding of amygdala circuits of cognition and emotion in actinopterygians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Mueller
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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6
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Xu N, LaGrow TJ, Anumba N, Lee A, Zhang X, Yousefi B, Bassil Y, Clavijo GP, Khalilzad Sharghi V, Maltbie E, Meyer-Baese L, Nezafati M, Pan WJ, Keilholz S. Functional Connectivity of the Brain Across Rodents and Humans. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:816331. [PMID: 35350561 PMCID: PMC8957796 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.816331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), which measures the spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal, is increasingly utilized for the investigation of the brain's physiological and pathological functional activity. Rodents, as a typical animal model in neuroscience, play an important role in the studies that examine the neuronal processes that underpin the spontaneous fluctuations in the BOLD signal and the functional connectivity that results. Translating this knowledge from rodents to humans requires a basic knowledge of the similarities and differences across species in terms of both the BOLD signal fluctuations and the resulting functional connectivity. This review begins by examining similarities and differences in anatomical features, acquisition parameters, and preprocessing techniques, as factors that contribute to functional connectivity. Homologous functional networks are compared across species, and aspects of the BOLD fluctuations such as the topography of the global signal and the relationship between structural and functional connectivity are examined. Time-varying features of functional connectivity, obtained by sliding windowed approaches, quasi-periodic patterns, and coactivation patterns, are compared across species. Applications demonstrating the use of rs-fMRI as a translational tool for cross-species analysis are discussed, with an emphasis on neurological and psychiatric disorders. Finally, open questions are presented to encapsulate the future direction of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Theodore J. LaGrow
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nmachi Anumba
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Azalea Lee
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Behnaz Yousefi
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yasmine Bassil
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Gloria P. Clavijo
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | - Eric Maltbie
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lisa Meyer-Baese
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Maysam Nezafati
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wen-Ju Pan
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shella Keilholz
- Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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7
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Docampo-Seara A, Candal E, Rodríguez MA. Study of the glial cytoarchitecture of the developing olfactory bulb of a shark using immunochemical markers of radial glia. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1067-1082. [PMID: 34997380 PMCID: PMC8930965 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During development of the olfactory bulb (OB), glial cells play key roles in axonal guiding/targeting, glomerular formation and synaptic plasticity. Studies in mammals have shown that radial glial cells and peripheral olfactory glia (olfactory ensheathing cells, OECs) are involved in the development of the OB. Most studies about the OB glia were carried out in mammals, but data are lacking in most non-mammalian vertebrates. In the present work, we studied the development of the OB glial system in the cartilaginous fish Scyliorhinus canicula (catshark) using antibodies against glial markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), brain lipid-binding protein (BLBP), and glutamine synthase (GS). These glial markers were expressed in cells with radial morphology lining the OB ventricle of embryos and this expression continues in ependymal cells (tanycytes) in early juveniles. Astrocyte-like cells were also observed in the granular layer and surrounding glomeruli. Numerous GS-positive cells were present in the primary olfactory pathway of embryos. In the developmental stages analysed, the olfactory nerve layer and the glomerular layer were the regions with higher GFAP, BLBP and GS immuno-reactivity. In addition, numerous BLBP-expressing cells (a marker of mammalian OECs) showing proliferative activity were present in the olfactory nerve layer. Our findings suggest that glial cells of peripheral and central origin coexist in the OB of catshark embryos and early juveniles. These results open the path for future studies about the differential roles of glial cells in the catshark OB during embryonic development and in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Docampo-Seara
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Bioloxía (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - E Candal
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Bioloxía (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Bioloxía (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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8
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Lyons-Warren AM, Herman I, Hunt PJ, Arenkiel BR. A systematic-review of olfactory deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders: From mouse to human. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:110-121. [PMID: 33610612 PMCID: PMC8142839 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory impairment is a common clinical motif across neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting olfactory circuits are particularly vulnerable to disease processes and can provide insight into underlying disease mechanisms. The mouse olfactory bulb is an ideal model system to study mechanisms of neurodevelopmental disease due to its anatomical accessibility, behavioral relevance, ease of measuring circuit input and output, and the feature of adult neurogenesis. Despite the clinical relevance and experimental benefits, olfactory testing across animal models of neurodevelopmental disease has been inconsistent and non-standardized. Here we performed a systematic literature review of olfactory function testing in mouse models of neurodevelopmental disorders, and identified intriguing inconsistencies that include evidence for both increased and decreased acuity in odor detection in various mouse models of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Based on our identified gaps in the literature, we recommend direct comparison of different mouse models of ASD using standardized tests for odor detection and discrimination. This review provides a framework to guide future olfactory function testing in mouse models of neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel M Lyons-Warren
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience; Clinical Care Center, Suite 1250, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America;,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Isabella Herman
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Neuroscience; Clinical Care Center, Suite 1250, 6621 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America;,Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics; 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1170.12, Houston TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Patrick J Hunt
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics; 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1170.12, Houston TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Benjamin R Arenkiel
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular & Human Genetics; 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1170.12, Houston TX 77030, United States of America;,Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience; 1250 Moursund Street, Suite 1170.12, Houston TX 77030, United States of America;,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030 USA.,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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9
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Zakharova L, Sharova V, Izvolskaia M. Mechanisms of Reciprocal Regulation of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)-Producing and Immune Systems: The Role of GnRH, Cytokines and Their Receptors in Early Ontogenesis in Normal and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010114. [PMID: 33374337 PMCID: PMC7795970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different aspects of the reciprocal regulatory influence on the development of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing- and immune systems in the perinatal ontogenesis and their functioning in adults in normal and pathological conditions are discussed. The influence of GnRH on the development of the immune system, on the one hand, and the influence of proinflammatory cytokines on the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system, on the other hand, and their functioning in adult offspring are analyzed. We have focused on the effects of GnRH on the formation and functional activity of the thymus, as the central organ of the immune system, in the perinatal period. The main mechanisms of reciprocal regulation of these systems are discussed. The reproductive health of an individual is programmed by the establishment and development of physiological systems during critical periods. Regulatory epigenetic mechanisms of development are not strictly genetically controlled. These processes are characterized by a high sensitivity to various regulatory factors, which provides possible corrections for disorders.
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10
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Porter BA, Mueller T. The Zebrafish Amygdaloid Complex - Functional Ground Plan, Molecular Delineation, and Everted Topology. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:608. [PMID: 32765204 PMCID: PMC7378821 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals and other tetrapods, a multinuclear forebrain structure, called the amygdala, forms the neuroregulatory core essential for emotion, cognition, and social behavior. Currently, higher circuits of affective behavior in anamniote non-tetrapod vertebrates (“fishes”) are poorly understood, preventing a comprehensive understanding of amygdala evolution. Through molecular characterization and evolutionary-developmental considerations, we delineated the complex amygdala ground plan of zebrafish, whose everted telencephalon has made comparisons to the evaginated forebrains of tetrapods challenging. In this radical paradigm, thirteen telencephalic territories constitute the zebrafish amygdaloid complex and each territory is distinguished by conserved molecular properties and structure-functional relationships with other amygdaloid structures. Central to our paradigm, the study identifies the teleostean amygdaloid nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (nLOT), an olfactory integrative structure that links dopaminergic telencephalic groups to the amygdala alongside redefining the putative zebrafish olfactory pallium (“Dp”). Molecular characteristics such as the distribution of substance P and the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV) and calretinin (CR) indicate, that the zebrafish extended centromedial (autonomic and reproductive) amygdala is predominantly located in the GABAergic and isl1-negative territory. Like in tetrapods, medial amygdaloid (MeA) nuclei are defined by the presence of substance P immunoreactive fibers and calretinin-positive neurons, whereas central amygdaloid (CeA) nuclei lack these characteristics. A detailed comparison of lhx5-driven and vGLut2a-driven GFP in transgenic reporter lines revealed ancestral topological relationships between the thalamic eminence (EmT), the medial amygdala (MeA), the nLOT, and the integrative olfactory pallium. Thus, the study explains how the zebrafish amygdala and the complexly everted telencephalon topologically relate to the corresponding structures in mammals indicating that an elaborate amygdala ground plan evolved early in vertebrates, in a common ancestor of teleosts and tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baylee A Porter
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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11
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Gegenhuber B, Tollkuhn J. Signatures of sex: Sex differences in gene expression in the vertebrate brain. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 9:e348. [PMID: 31106965 PMCID: PMC6864223 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Women and men differ in disease prevalence, symptoms, and progression rates for many psychiatric and neurological disorders. As more preclinical studies include both sexes in experimental design, an increasing number of sex differences in physiology and behavior have been reported. In the brain, sex-typical behaviors are thought to result from sex-specific patterns of neural activity in response to the same sensory stimulus or context. These differential firing patterns likely arise as a consequence of underlying anatomic or molecular sex differences. Accordingly, gene expression in the brains of females and males has been extensively investigated, with the goal of identifying biological pathways that specify or modulate sex differences in brain function. However, there is surprisingly little consensus on sex-biased genes across studies and only a handful of robust candidates have been pursued in the follow-up experiments. Furthermore, it is not known how or when sex-biased gene expression originates, as few studies have been performed in the developing brain. Here we integrate molecular genetic and neural circuit perspectives to provide a conceptual framework of how sex differences in gene expression can arise in the brain. We detail mechanisms of gene regulation by steroid hormones, highlight landmark studies in rodents and humans, identify emerging themes, and offer recommendations for future research. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Sex Determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Gegenhuber
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
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12
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Docampo-Seara A, Lanoizelet M, Lagadec R, Mazan S, Candal E, Rodríguez MA. Mitral cell development in the olfactory bulb of sharks: evidences of a conserved pattern of glutamatergic neurogenesis. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:2325-2341. [PMID: 31203451 PMCID: PMC6698271 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01906-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the development of the olfactory bulb (OB) relies in part on the expression of transcription factors involved in the specifications/differentiation of glutamatergic cells. In a previous study from our group, a high molecular similarity was reported between mammals and cartilaginous fishes regarding the neurogenic mechanisms underlying the development of glutamatergic cells in the telencephalon. However, information about the transcriptional program operating in the development of the glutamatergic system (mainly represented by mitral cells) in the OB is lacking in the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula, a cartilaginous fish. Using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques, we have found that, previously to the appearance of the olfactory primordium (OP), proliferating cells expressing Pax6 with molecular hallmarks of progenitor radial glia were located in the ventrolateral pallial ventricular zone. Later in development, when the OP is recognizable, a stream of Pax6-positive cells were observed between the ventricular zone and the OP, where transcription factors involved in mitral cell development in mammals (ScTbr2, ScNeuroD, Tbr1) are expressed. Later in development, these transcription factors became expressed in a layered-like structure where ScVglut1, a marker of mitral cells, is also present. Our data suggest that the transcriptional program related with the specification/differentiation of glutamatergic cells in the telencephalon has been conserved throughout the evolution of vertebrates. These results, in combination with previous studies concerning GABAergic neurogenesis in sharks, have evidenced that the OB of mammals and sharks shares similarities in the timing and molecular programs of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Docampo-Seara
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Bioloxía (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Lanoizelet
- CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7232, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - R Lagadec
- CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7232, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - S Mazan
- CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7232, Observatoire Océanologique, Banyuls sur Mer, France
| | - E Candal
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Bioloxía (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M A Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional, Centro de Investigación en Bioloxía (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Martin-Lopez E, Xu C, Liberia T, Meller SJ, Greer CA. Embryonic and postnatal development of mouse olfactory tubercle. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 98:82-96. [PMID: 31200100 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The olfactory tubercle (OT) is located in the ventral-medial region of the brain where it receives primary input from olfactory bulb (OB) projection neurons and processes olfactory behaviors related to motivation, hedonics of smell and sexual encounters. The OT is part of the dopamine reward system that shares characteristics with the striatum. Together with the nucleus accumbens, the OT has been referred to as the "ventral striatum". However, despite its functional importance little is known about the embryonic development of the OT and the phenotypic properties of the OT cells. Here, using thymidine analogs, we establish that mouse OT neurogenesis occurs predominantly between E11-E15 in a lateral-to-medial gradient. Then, using a piggyBac multicolor technique we characterized the migratory route of OT neuroblasts from their embryonic point of origin. Following neurogenesis in the ventral lateral ganglionic eminence (vLGE), neuroblasts destined for the OT followed a dorsal-ventral pathway we named "ventral migratory course" (VMC). Upon reaching the nascent OT, neurons established a prototypical laminar distribution that was determined, in part, by the progenitor cell of origin. A phenotypic analysis of OT neuroblasts using a single-color piggyBac technique, showed that OT shared the molecular specification of striatal neurons. In addition to primary afferent input from the OB, the OT also receives a robust dopaminergic input from ventral tegmentum (Ikemoto, 2007). We used tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression as a proxy for dopaminergic innervation and showed that TH onset occurs at E13 and progressively increased until postnatal stages following an 'inside-out' pattern. Postnatally, we established the myelination in the OT occurring between P7 and P14, as shown with CNPase staining, and we characterized the cellular phenotypes populating the OT by immunohistochemistry. Collectively, this work provides the first detailed analysis of the developmental and maturation processes occurring in mouse OT, and demonstrates the striatal nature of the OT as part of the ventral striatum (vST).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Martin-Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christine Xu
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Teresa Liberia
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sarah J Meller
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; The Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Charles A Greer
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; The Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Martin-Lopez E, Ishiguro K, Greer CA. The Laminar Organization of Piriform Cortex Follows a Selective Developmental and Migratory Program Established by Cell Lineage. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:1-16. [PMID: 29136113 PMCID: PMC7199997 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Piriform cortex (PC) is a 3-layer paleocortex receiving primary afferent input from the olfactory bulb. The past decade has seen significant progress in understanding the synaptic, cellular and functional organization of PC, but PC embryogenesis continues to be enigmatic. Here, using birthdating strategies and clonal analyses, we probed the early development and laminar specificity of neurogenesis/gliogenesis as it relates to the organization of the PC. Our data demonstrate a temporal sequence of laminar-specific neurogenesis following the canonical "inside-out" pattern, with the notable exception of PC Layer II which exhibited an inverse "outside-in" temporal neurogenic pattern. Of interest, we found no evidence of a neurogenic gradient along the anterior to posterior axis, although the timing of neuronal migration and laminar development was delayed rostrally by approximately 24 h. To begin probing if lineage affected cell fate in the PC, we labeled PC neuroblasts using a multicolor technique and analyzed their laminar organization. Our results suggested that PC progenitors were phenotypically committed to reach specific layers early in the development. Collectively, these studies shed new light on the determinants of the laminar specificity of neuronal/glial organization in PC and the likely role of subpopulations of committed progenitors in regulating PC embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Martin-Lopez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kimiko Ishiguro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles A Greer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
- The Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, USA
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15
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Shepard AR, Scheffel JL, Yu WM. Relationships between neuronal birthdates and tonotopic positions in the mouse cochlear nucleus. J Comp Neurol 2018; 527:999-1011. [PMID: 30414323 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tonotopy is a key anatomical feature of the vertebrate auditory system, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying its development. Since date of birth of a neuron correlates with tonotopic position in the cochlea, we investigated if it also correlates with tonotopic position in the cochlear nucleus (CN). In the cochlea, spiral ganglion neurons are organized in a basal to apical progression along the length of the cochlea based on birthdates, with neurons in the base (responding to high-frequency sounds) born early around mouse embryonic day (E) 9.5-10.5, and those in the apex (responding to low-frequency sounds) born late around E12.5-13.5. Using a low-dose thymidine analog incorporation assay, we examine whether CN neurons are arranged in a spatial gradient according to their birthdates. Most CN neurons are born between E10.5 ānd E13.5, with a peak at E12.5. A second wave of neuron birth was observed in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) beginning on E14.5 and lasts until E18.5. Large excitatory neurons were born in the first wave, and small local circuit neurons were born in the second. No spatial gradient of cell birth was observed in the DCN. In contrast, neurons in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) were found to be arranged in a dorsal to ventral progression according to their birthdates, which are aligned with the tonotopic axis. Most of these AVCN neurons are endbulb-innervated bushy cells. The correlation between birthdate and tonotopic position suggests testable mechanisms for specification of tonotopic position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin R Shepard
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Wei-Ming Yu
- Department of Biology, Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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16
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Hara Y, Fukaya M, Sugawara T, Sakagami H. FIP4/Arfophilin-2 plays overlapping but distinct roles from FIP3/Arfophilin-1 in neuronal migration during cortical layer formation. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:3082-3096. [PMID: 30295969 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The class II Rab11 family-interacting proteins, FIP3 and FIP4, also termed Arfophilin-1 and Arfophilin-2, respectively, are endosomal proteins that function as dual effector proteins for Rab11 and ADP ribosylation factor (Arf) small GTPases. In the present study, we examined the expression and role of FIP4 in neuronal migration during cerebral layer formation. FIP4 mRNA was first weakly detected in post-mitotic migrating neurons in the upper intermediate zone, and expression was markedly increased in the cortical layer. Exogenously expressed FIP4 protein was localized to subpopulations of EEA1- and syntaxin 12-positive endosomes in migrating neurons, and was partially colocalized with FIP3. Knockdown of FIP4 by in utero electroporation significantly stalled transfected neurons in the lower cortical layer and decreased the speed of neuronal migration in the upper intermediate zone and in the cortical plate compared with control small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-transfected neurons. Furthermore, co-transfection of shRNA-resistant wild-type FIP4, but not wild type FIP3 or FIP4 mutants lacking the binding region for Rab11 or Arf, significantly improved the disturbed cortical layer formation caused by FIP4 knockdown. Collectively, our findings suggest that FIP4 and FIP3 play overlapping but distinct roles in neuronal migration downstream of Arf and Rab11 during cortical layer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Hara
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukaya
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Sugawara
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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17
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Martin-Lopez E, Meller SJ, Greer CA. Development of piriform cortex interhemispheric connections via the anterior commissure: progressive and regressive strategies. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:4067-4085. [PMID: 30141078 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-018-1741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The anterior commissure (AC) is a phylogenetically conserved inter-hemispheric connection found among vertebrates with bilateral symmetry. The AC connects predominantly olfactory areas but many aspects of its development and structure are unknown. To fill this gap, we investigated the embryonic and postnatal development of the AC by tracing axons with DiI and the piggyback transposon multicolor system. With this strategy, we show that axon growth during establishment of the AC follows a strictly regulated timeline of events that include waiting periods ("regressive strategies") as well as periods of active axon outgrowth ("progressive strategies"). We also provide evidence that these processes may be regulated in the midline via overexpression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Additionally, we demonstrate that the ipsi- and contralateral innervation of piriform cortex occurs simultaneously. Morphologically, we found that 20% of axons were myelinated by postnatal day (P) 22, in a process that occurred fundamentally around P14. By immunohistochemistry, we described the presence of glial cells and two new subtypes of neurons: one expressing a calretinin (CR)-/MAP2+ phenotype, distributed homogeneously inside the AC; and the other expressing a CR+/MAP2+ phenotype that lies beneath the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Our results are consistent with the notion that the AC follows a strictly regulated program during the embryonic and postnatal development similarly to other distal targeting axonal tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Martin-Lopez
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Sarah J Meller
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Charles A Greer
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA. .,The Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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18
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Holy TE. The Accessory Olfactory System: Innately Specialized or Microcosm of Mammalian Circuitry? Annu Rev Neurosci 2018; 41:501-525. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-061916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the accessory olfactory system is a distinct circuit that has received attention for its role in detecting and responding to pheromones. While the neuroscientific investigation of this system is comparatively new, recent advances and its compact size have made it an attractive model for developing an end-to-end understanding of such questions as regulation of essential behaviors, plasticity, and individual recognition. Recent discoveries have indicated a need to reevaluate our conception of this system, suggesting that ( a) physical principles—rather than biological necessity—play an underappreciated role in its raison d'être and that ( b) the anatomy of downstream projections is not dominated by unique specializations but instead consists of an abbreviated cortical/basal ganglia motif reminiscent of other sensorimotor systems. These observations suggest that the accessory olfactory system distinguishes itself primarily by the physicochemical properties of its ligands, but its architecture is otherwise a microcosm of mammalian neurocircuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E. Holy
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
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19
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Frade-Pérez MD, Miquelajáuregui A, Varela-Echavarría A. Origin and Migration of Olfactory Cajal-Retzius Cells. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:97. [PMID: 29163070 PMCID: PMC5671926 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Early telencephalic development involves the migration of diverse cell types that can be identified by specific molecular markers. Most prominent among them are Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells that emanate mainly from the cortical hem and to a lesser extent from rostrolateral, septal and caudo-medial regions. One additional territory proposed to give rise to CR cells that migrate dorsally into the neocortex lies at the ventral pallium, although contradictory results question this notion. With the use of a cell-permeable fluorescent tracer in cultured embryos, we identified novel migratory paths of putative CR cells and other populations that originate from the rostrolateral telencephalon at its olfactory region. Moreover, extensive labeling on the lateral telencephalon along its rostro-caudal extent failed to reveal a dorsally-migrating CR cell population from the ventral pallium at the stages analyzed. Hence, this work reveals a novel olfactory CR cell migration and supports the idea that the ventral pallium, where diverse types of neurons converge, does not actually generate CR cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amaya Miquelajáuregui
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
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Pardo-Bellver C, Martínez-Bellver S, Martínez-García F, Lanuza E, Teruel-Martí V. Synchronized Activity in The Main and Accessory Olfactory Bulbs and Vomeronasal Amygdala Elicited by Chemical Signals in Freely Behaving Mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9924. [PMID: 28855563 PMCID: PMC5577179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory processing in mammals involves the olfactory and vomeronasal systems, but how the activity of both circuits is integrated is unknown. In our study, we recorded the electrophysiological activity in the olfactory bulbs and the vomeronasal amygdala in freely behaving mice exploring a battery of neutral and conspecific stimuli. The exploration of stimuli, including a neutral stimulus, induced synchronic activity in the olfactory bulbs characterized by a dominant theta rhythmicity, with specific theta-gamma coupling, distinguishing between vomeronasal and olfactory structures. The correlated activation of the bulbs suggests a coupling between the stimuli internalization in the nasal cavity and the vomeronasal pumping. In the amygdala, male stimuli are preferentially processed in the medial nucleus, whereas female cues induced a differential response in the posteromedial cortical amygdala. Thus, particular theta-gamma patterns in the olfactory network modulates the integration of chemosensory information in the amygdala, allowing the selection of an appropriate behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Pardo-Bellver
- Department of de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.,Laboratori de Circuits Neurals, Department of d'Anatomia i Embriologia Humana, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Bellver
- Laboratori de Circuits Neurals, Department of d'Anatomia i Embriologia Humana, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Martínez-García
- Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Jaume I. Castelló de la Plana, Castelló, Spain
| | - Enrique Lanuza
- Department of de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Ciències Biològiques, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Vicent Teruel-Martí
- Laboratori de Circuits Neurals, Department of d'Anatomia i Embriologia Humana, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
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21
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Bachmann C, Nguyen H, Rosenbusch J, Pham L, Rabe T, Patwa M, Sokpor G, Seong RH, Ashery-Padan R, Mansouri A, Stoykova A, Staiger JF, Tuoc T. mSWI/SNF (BAF) Complexes Are Indispensable for the Neurogenesis and Development of Embryonic Olfactory Epithelium. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006274. [PMID: 27611684 PMCID: PMC5017785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a key developmental event through which neurons are generated from neural stem/progenitor cells. Chromatin remodeling BAF (mSWI/SNF) complexes have been reported to play essential roles in the neurogenesis of the central nervous system. However, whether BAF complexes are required for neuron generation in the olfactory system is unknown. Here, we identified onscBAF and ornBAF complexes, which are specifically present in olfactory neural stem cells (oNSCs) and olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs), respectively. We demonstrated that BAF155 subunit is highly expressed in both oNSCs and ORNs, whereas high expression of BAF170 subunit is observed only in ORNs. We report that conditional deletion of BAF155, a core subunit in both onscBAF and ornBAF complexes, causes impaired proliferation of oNSCs as well as defective maturation and axonogenesis of ORNs in the developing olfactory epithelium (OE), while the high expression of BAF170 is important for maturation of ORNs. Interestingly, in the absence of BAF complexes in BAF155/BAF170 double-conditional knockout mice (dcKO), OE is not specified. Mechanistically, BAF complex is required for normal activation of Pax6-dependent transcriptional activity in stem cells/progenitors of the OE. Our findings unveil a novel mechanism mediated by the mSWI/SNF complex in OE neurogenesis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huong Nguyen
- University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Linh Pham
- University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tamara Rabe
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Megha Patwa
- University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Godwin Sokpor
- University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Rho H. Seong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ruth Ashery-Padan
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ahmed Mansouri
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
- DFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy & Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anastassia Stoykova
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
- DFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy & Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jochen F. Staiger
- University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
- DFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy & Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tran Tuoc
- University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Goettingen, Germany
- DFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy & Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Goettingen, Germany
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