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Liu M, Gu Y, Ma JN, Bao KN, Ao L, Ni X. An updated analysis on the association of GSTM1 polymorphism and smoking exposure with the increased risk of coronary heart disease. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221123697. [PMID: 36112810 PMCID: PMC9478701 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221123697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To undertake a meta-analysis to investigate if there is an association
between the glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1) gene
polymorphism, coronary artery disease (CAD) susceptibility and smoking. Methods Electronic databases, including PubMed®, Web of Science and Embase®, were
searched for relevant case–control studies. Data were extracted and the odds
ratio (OR) was calculated and appropriate statistical methods were used for
the meta-analysis. Results The analysis included eight studies with a total of 1880 cases with CAD and
1758 control subjects. The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that
there is no association between the GSTM1 null and CAD (OR
1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00, 1.55). An increased risk of CAD was
observed in the smoking population with the GSTM1 null
genotype (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.02, 2.15). Subgroup analyses of geographical
region, genotyping method and publication language category demonstrated
potential relationships among gene polymorphism, smoking and CAD. Conclusions Based on the current literature, the GSTM1 null genotype was
associated to CAD in the smoking population. The interaction between smoking
and GSTM1 polymorphism may contribute to the susceptibility
of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Hospital Infection Control, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Nursing, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Ning Ma
- Department of Nursing, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Na Bao
- Department of Nursing, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ao
- Department of Nursing, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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2
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S SP, K KE. Contribution of Glutathione-S-Transferases Polymorphism and Risk of Coronary Artery Diseases: A Meta-Analysis. Curr Aging Sci 2022; 15:282-292. [PMID: 35249517 DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220304193925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is one of the risk components in the development of coronary artery diseases (CAD) and polymorphism in major antioxidant genes like Glutathione-S-Transferases (GST) has been associated with the increased CAD susceptibility and severity. OBJECTIVE To get a precise evaluation and to update the association, a meta-analysis on GST (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) polymorphism with CAD was performed. Moreover, the combined effect of GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotypes on CAD risk which is not yet studied so far but it has the highest risk of developing diseases. MATERIALS AND METHOD PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched for eligible studies. Case-control studies with genotypic frequency, provide data to calculate odds ratio (OR) and in English language were selected. OR with 95% C.I was calculated and random effect model was used. NOS scale was used to asses the qulity of the included studies. RESULTS Meta-analysis indicated that the GSTM1 null genotype and GSTP1 (Ile105Val) polymorphism is significantly associated with CAD risk with a pooled OR-1.38, p=0.01 for GSTM1 and OR-1.19, p=0.04 for GSTP1. Dual null genotype of GSTM1-GSTT1 has highest risk for CAD development (OR-1.59, p=0.003) and there is no significant association for GSTT1 null genotype with CAD. In the subgroup analysis, GSTM1 showed the increased risk for Asians (OR-1.68, p=<0.01) and smokers (OR-1.98, p=<0.01). Publication bias was not observed. CONCLUSION The findings suggests that the GSTM1/GSTP1 polymorphism can be a predictive factor for CAD risk and a larger sample size is required further to confirm the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhi Priya S
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Kelambakkam-603 103, Chengalpattu Dt.,TN, India
| | - Kumar Ebenezar K
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research & Education, Kelambakkam-603 103, Chengalpattu Dt.,TN, India
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3
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García-González I, Pérez-Mendoza G, Solís-Cárdenas A, Flores-Ocampo J, Herrera-Sánchez LF, Mendoza-Alcocer R, González-Herrera L. Genetic variants of PON1, GSTM1, GSTT1, and locus 9p21.3, and the risk for premature coronary artery disease in Yucatan, Mexico. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23701. [PMID: 34766662 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic variants of PON1, rs70587, rs662, rs854560, GSTM1, and GSTT1 and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) at 9p21.3 locus, rs1333049, and rs2383207; were evaluated in association with the risk for premature coronary artery disease (CAD) in a population of Yucatan, Mexico. These genes are involved in the inactivation of pro-oxidants and pro-inflammatory mediators, lipid and xenobiotic metabolism, detoxification of reactive oxygen species, and regulation of cellular proliferation playing key roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. METHODS We conducted a matched case-control study with 98 CAD cases and 101 healthy controls. Genotyping of PON1 and 9p21.2 SNP was performed by real time-PCR and for GSTM1 and GSTT1 with multiplex-PCR. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated to estimate association and generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) algorithm to identify gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. RESULTS The distribution of all allele/genotype frequencies in controls was within Hardy-Weinberg expectations (p > .05) except for GSTM1. The allele/genotype frequencies of the GSTT1 null were significantly higher in CAD cases than in controls, suggesting association with higher risk for developing CAD. The other SNPs did not show any significant independent association with premature CAD. GMDR revealed a significant interaction between GSTT1 and LL55 genotype. Likewise, the body mass index (BMI) and smoking also showed an interaction with GSTT1. CONCLUSION The GSTT1 null allele/genotype is associated with an increased risk of developing premature CAD, the effect of which is not modified by cardiovascular risk factors in the population of Yucatan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igrid García-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Pérez-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | - Jorge Flores-Ocampo
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Regional del ISSSTE, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | - Renan Mendoza-Alcocer
- Centro Estatal de la transfusión sanguínea, Servicios de Salud de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth González-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales 'Dr. Hideyo Noguchi', Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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4
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Zivkovic M, Bubic M, Kolakovic A, Dekleva M, Stankovic G, Stankovic A, Djuric T. The association of glutathione S-transferase T1 and M1 deletions with myocardial infarction. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:267-274. [PMID: 34003050 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1931166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are the family of enzymes involved in the second line of defense against oxidative stress (OS). The lack of GSTT1/GSTM1 enzyme quantity or activity, due to the presence of homozygous deletion compromises antioxidative defense resulting in OS. OS is the critical mechanism in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and myocardial infarction (MI). The increase in reactive oxygen species together with the process of apoptosis plays a role in left ventricular remodeling (LVR) after MI. The associations of GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms with the risk of MI are inconsistent. The aim was to analyze the association of GSTT1/GSTM1 null genotypes with first MI and LVR 8 months after the MI. The study involved 330 controls and 438 consecutive patients with symptoms and signs of first MI. The subgroup of 150 MI patients was prospectively followed up for 6 months. Evidence of maladaptive LVR was obtained by 2D Doppler echocardiography 3-5 days and 6 months after the MI. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the deletion in GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes. GSTM1 null genotype was significantly and independently associated with first MI (adjusted OR = 1.45 95% CI 1.03-2.03, p = 0.03). Association of double null genotypes with maladaptive LVR in patients 6 months after the first MI was no longer significant after adjustment for factors that differed significantly between patients with and without maladaptive LVR. This study demonstrated the association of GSTM1 null genotypes with the risk of MI in the Serbian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Zivkovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "Vinca" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Bubic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "Vinca" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Kolakovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "Vinca" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Dekleva
- Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Center "Zvezdara", Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Stankovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Cardiology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Stankovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "Vinca" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Djuric
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "Vinca" Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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5
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An updated meta-analysis showed smoking modify the association of GSTM1 null genotype on the risk of coronary heart disease. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227694. [PMID: 33506866 PMCID: PMC7881159 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD). Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzymes play important roles in antioxidant defenses and may influence CHD risk. The present meta-analysis was performed to investigate the link between glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) null genotype and CHD and to get a precise evaluation of interaction between GSTM1 null genotype and smoking by the case-only design. Methods PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched through 15 December 2020 to retrieve articles. Odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using either fixed-effects or random-effects models. Results Thirty-seven studies showed that GSTM1 null genotype was associated with risk of CHD in total population, Caucasians and Asians (for total population, OR = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 1.65; for Caucasians, OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.72; for Asians, OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.77). After adjustment for heterogeneity, these relationships were still significant. After adjustment for heterogeneity, case-only analysis of 11 studies showed a positive multiplicative interaction between GSTM1 null genotype and smoking (ever smoking vs. never smoking) (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.50; I2 = 0%, P=0.553). Conclusions The overall results indicated that GSTM1 null genotype was associated with a higher risk of CHD, and the association may be affected by smoking status. This is the first meta-analysis to prove a positive effect of the interaction between GSTM1 null genotype and smoking status on the risk of CHD. Well-designed studies are needed to investigate the possible gene–gene or gene–environment interactions.
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6
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Khanam J, Hossain D, Hosen B, Uddin M, Kabir A, Anwarul Bari M. Association of Glutathione S-Transferase theta 1 and mu 1 Genes Polymorphisms with the Susceptibility of Myocardial Infarction in Bangladesh. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 9:366-372. [PMID: 33649731 DOI: 10.29252/rbmb.9.3.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis leading to myocardial infarction and Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) act as detoxifying enzymes to reduce oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations of the GST (T1 & M1) gene polymorphism with the susceptibility of myocardial infarction in the Bangladeshi population. Methods A case-control study on 100 cardiac patients with MI and 150 control subjects was conducted. The genotyping of GST (T1 & M1) gene was done using conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results The percentage of GSTM1 genotypes was significantly (p< 0.01) lower in patients compared to control subjects while the GSTT1 genotypes were not significantly different between the study subjects. The individual with GSTM1 null allele was at 2.5-fold increased risk {odds ratio (OR)= 2.5; 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI)= 1.4 to 4.3; p< 0.01} of experiencing MI while individual with either GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotypes was at lower risk. In the case of GST M1 and GST T1 combined genotype, patients having both null genotypes for GST M1 and GST T1 gene showed significantly (p< 0.01) higher risk of experiencing MI when compared to control subjects (OR= 3.5; 95% CI= 1.7-7.2; p< 0.001). Conclusion Thus our recent study suggested that GSTM1 alone and GSTM1 and T1 in combination augments the risk of MI in Bangladeshi population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyosna Khanam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Delowar Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bayejid Hosen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,National Forensic DNA Profiling Laboratory, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mesbah Uddin
- Clinical Pathology Laboratory, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asadul Kabir
- Department of Medicine, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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7
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Pourkeramati A, Zare Mehrjardi E, Dehghan Tezerjani M, Seifati SM. Association of GSTP1, GSTT1 and GSTM1 Gene Variants with Coronary Artery Disease in Iranian Population: A Case-Control Study. Int J Gen Med 2020; 13:249-259. [PMID: 32547167 PMCID: PMC7266402 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s252552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multifactorial disease that may be caused by the interaction between environmental and genetic risk factors. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are known to participate in detoxification and metabolism of a wide range of xenobiotic compounds and oxidative stress products. Considering the interaction between environmental and genetic factors in CAD, we investigated the genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 in the Iranian population. Patients and Methods Two hundred and forty-four CAD cases and 281 healthy controls were studied. The genotype of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genes was determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) techniques. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis was also carried out to analyze the gene–gene and gene–environment interaction. Results The genotype and allele distribution of the three variations were not significantly different between CAD patients and controls (p > 0.05). The subgroup analysis revealed no significant gene–gene interactions or gene–gene combination effects linked to CAD susceptibility. However, MDR analysis selected the GSTM, GSTT pairwise and three genes combination models associated with the susceptibility to CAD. In addition, its result revealed that smoking in combination with GSTM1 (two-way) and GSTT, GSTP (three-way) genes might increase the risk of CAD. Furthermore, a significant interaction between GSTT1-null polymorphism and dyslipidemia was found in multivariable logistic regression analyses in the gene–environmental interactions on CAD risk. Conclusion Our results suggest that the GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genetic variations are not directly associated with the susceptibility to CAD in Iranian patients. Due to MDR results, there might be a non-linear association between interactions of two or three genes and smoking with CAD. There is also an association between CAD risk factors and GST variations, which requires supplementary confirmation with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemeh Pourkeramati
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zare Mehrjardi
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Dehghan Tezerjani
- Abortion Research Centre, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Seifati
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar, Yazd, Iran
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8
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Zhu K, Meng Q, Zhang Z, Yi T, He Y, Zheng J, Lei W. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway: Role, regulation and intervention in atherosclerosis therapy (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:4763-4773. [PMID: 31638212 PMCID: PMC6854528 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand‑activated transcription factor originally isolated and characterized as the dioxin or xenobiotic receptor. With the discovery of endogenous ligands and studies of AhR knockout mice, AhR has been found to serve an important role in several biological processes, including immune responses and developmental and pathological regulation. In particular, it has been considered as a new major player in cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have revealed that the development of atherosclerosis is closely associated with AhR function. However, the roles of the AhR in the pathological development of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis‑associated diseases remain unclear. The current review presents the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of AhR expression during inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid deposition. Additionally, the role of the AhR in atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis‑associated diseases is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixi Zhu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Qingqi Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Vascular, Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yi
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Yuan He
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Wei Lei
- Cardiovascular Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, P.R. China
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9
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Pašalić D, Marinković N. Genetic polymorphisms of the CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 enzymes and their influence on cardiovascular risk and lipid profile in people who live near a natural gas plant. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2017; 68:46-52. [PMID: 28365671 DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to see whether genetic polymorphisms of the enzymes CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 are associated with higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and whether they affect lipid profile in 252 subjects living near a natural gas plant, who are likely to be exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Fasting serum concentrations of biochemical parameters were determined with standard methods. Genetic polymorphisms of CYP 1A1 rs4646903, rs1048943, rs4986883, and rs1799814 were genotyped with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFPL), while GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletions were detected with multiplex PCR. Cardiovascular risk was assessed with Framingham risk score, and the subjects divided in two groups: >10% risk and ≤10% risk. The two groups did not differ in the genotype frequencies. MANCOVA analysis, which included lipid parameters, glucose, and BMI with sex, age, hypertension and smoking status as covariates, showed a significant difference between the GSTT1*0 and GSTT1*1 allele carriers (p=0.001). UNIANCOVA with same covariates showed that total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in GSTT1*1 allele carriers than in GSTT1*0 carriers (p<0.001 and p=0.006, respectively). Our findings suggest that CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 polymorphisms are not associated with the higher risk of CAD, but that GSTT1 affects lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Pašalić
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb
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10
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Glutathione S-Transferase T1 (GSTT1) Null Polymorphism, Smoking, and Their Interaction in Coronary Heart Disease: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2016; 26:362-370. [PMID: 27686690 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) null polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD) is inconsistent among studies, and data on the GSTT1 null genotype-smoking interplay in CHD is lacking. We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between GSTT1 null polymorphism and CHD and to assess the potential interaction between GSTT1 null genotype and smoking. METHODS PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched up to 27 January 2016 using the appropriate terms. Odds ratios were pooled using either fixed-effects or random-effects models. RESULTS Twenty-nine articles including 31 studies with 15,004 cases and 35,597 controls were eligible. The random-effects model showed that the GSTT1 null genotype was associated with increased CHD risk (OR=1.213, 95%CI: 1.004-1.467; I2=90.4%). After excluding 10 studies detected by Galbraith plot, the fixed effects summary estimate also showed an increased risk of CHD (OR=1.14, 95% CI: 1.06-1.22; I2=27.7%). A case-only analysis including eight studies showed a statistically significant positive interaction between GSTT1 null polymorphism and smoking status on CHD (OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.09-1.64; I2=0%). Sensitivity analyses further supported the associations. No publication bias was observed. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggests that GSTT1 null polymorphism is associated with the risk of CHD. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to prove a positive effect of the interaction between GSTT1 null genotype and smoking status on the risk of CHD. Future studies with detailed individual information are needed to confirm our findings.
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11
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Bhat MA, Gandhi G. Association of GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in North Indian Punjabi population: a case-control study. Postgrad Med J 2016; 92:701-706. [PMID: 27215231 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2015-133836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferases are metabolic enzymes which are responsible for detoxification of endogenous (products of oxidative stress) as well as exogenous (drugs, pesticides, herbicides, environmental pollutants and carcinogens) products. Dysfunctional detoxification enzymes are responsible for the production of oxidative stress; a major contributor to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). OBJECTIVES The present case-control study aimed to investigate the association of GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms with CAD. METHODS In the present study, 200 patients diagnosed with CAD and 200 age, sex and population subgroup matched healthy controls were enrolled. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms were examined using multiplex PCR. RESULTS The frequency of GSTT1 null genotype was significantly (p=0.038) lower in patients with CAD (6.00%) than in controls (12.50%). The GSTT1 null genotype showed protection against CAD (OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.92, p=0.028). The frequency of GSTM1 null genotype was significantly (p=0.004) higher in patients (31%) compared with controls (18%). The GSTM1 null genotype conferred twofold increased risk of developing CAD (OR=2.05, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.27, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS The results concluded that the GSTT1 null genotype showed protection against CAD while the GSTM1 null genotype might be involved in the pathogenesis and development of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Akbar Bhat
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Gursatej Gandhi
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
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12
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The role of oxidative DNA damage and GSTM1, GSTT1, and hOGG1 gene polymorphisms in coronary artery disease risk. Anatol J Cardiol 2016; 16:931-938. [PMID: 27182613 PMCID: PMC5324912 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2016.6697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) appears to be a multifactorial process caused by the interaction of environmental risk factors with multiple predisposing genes. Therefore, in this study we aimed to determine the role of oxidative DNA damage and some variations in glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) and DNA repair (hOGG1) genes in CAD risk. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 59 individuals who had undergone coronary angiographic evaluation. Of these, 29 were patients diagnosed with CAD (mean age =61.5±10.3) and 30 were controls examined for reasons other than suspected CAD and who had angiographically documented normal coronary arteries (mean age =60.4±11.6). Basal DNA damage as well as pyrimidine and purine base damage were evaluated in peripheral blood lymphocytes using the modified comet assay. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP)-based assay was used for genotyping. Results: Basal DNA damage levels in patients [9.16 (3.26)] were significantly higher than those in controls [7.59 (3.23); p=0.017], and basal DNA and pyrimidine base damage levels were significantly correlated with disease severity based on Gensini scoring (r=0.352, p=0.006; r=0.318, p=0.014, respectively). However, no significant differences were observed in terms of oxidized DNA bases between patients and controls. The frequencies of studied genotypes (GSTM1, GSTT1, and hOGG1) were similar between groups. Conclusion: The results of this study pointed out the role of DNA damage in CAD and its severity. However, GSTM1, GSTT1, and hOGG1 gene polymorphisms seemed to have no effect on individual susceptibility for disease progression. (Anatol J Cardiol 2016; 16: 931-8)
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13
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Wang R, Wang Y, Wang J, Yang K. Association of glutathione S-transferase T1 and M1 gene polymorphisms with ischemic stroke risk in the Chinese Han population. Neural Regen Res 2015; 7:1420-7. [PMID: 25657676 PMCID: PMC4308794 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.18.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis plays an important role in ischemic stroke, and oxidative stress participates in the entire process of atherosclerosis. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) acting with other antioxidant enzymes can eliminate reactive oxygen species and protect cells against oxidative damage. To assess the association of glutathione S-transferase (GSTT1 and GSTM1) gene polymorphisms with ischemic stroke in the Chinese Han population, the present study selected 315 patients with ischemic stroke and 210 healthy controls for comparison. GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes were determined using polymerase chain reactions, electrophoresis and imaging analysis. No obvious evidence of GSTT1-null, GSTM1-null and GSTT1/GSTM1-double null genotype distribution differences was found between case and control groups or between genders. Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of stroke was increased when hypertension was accompanied by GSTT1-null (odds ratio (OR) = 2.996, P < 0.001) and GSTM1-null (OR = 3.680, P < 0.001) genotypes; diabetes mellitus was accompanied by GSTT1-null (OR = 1.860, P = 0.031) and GSTM1-null (OR = 2.444, P = 0.002) genotypes, and smokers showed a GSTT1-null genotype (OR = 2.276, P = 0.003). GSTT1- and GSTM1-null genotypes may interact synergistically with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking to increase the incidence risk of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Junhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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14
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Yang M, Zhao J, Xing L, Shi L. Association between GSTM1 null genotype and coronary artery disease risk: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1550-5. [PMID: 25183432 PMCID: PMC4160135 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between polymorphisms of GSTM1 null genotype and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Material/Methods Published literature from PubMed, EMBASE, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were retrieved before March 2014. All studies reporting adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CAD risk were included. Results A total of 13 case-control studies, including 5453 cases and 5068 controls, were collected. There was a significant association between GSTM1 null genotype and CAD risk (adjusted OR=1.26; 95% CI, 1.11–1.43; I2=3%). When stratified by ethnicity, a significantly elevated risk was observed in whites. In the subgroup analysis according to disease type, a significantly increased myocardial infarction (MI) risk was observed. Subgroup analysis of smoking status showed an increased CAD risk in smokers. Conclusions Our results indicate that GSTM1 null genotype is associated with an increased CAD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Intensive Care Unit, Jinan Third People's Hospital, Jinan, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China (mainland)
| | - Lin Xing
- Intensive Care Unit, Jinan Third People's Hospital, Jinan, China (mainland)
| | - Li Shi
- Intensive Care Unit, Jinan Third People's Hospital, Jinan, China (mainland)
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15
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Vekic J, Zeljkovic A, Jelic-Ivanovic Z, Damjanovic T, Suvakov S, Matic M, Savic-Radojevic A, Simic T, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V, Gojkovic T, Spasic S, Dimkovic N. Association of glutathione-S-transferase gene polymorphism and lipoprotein subclasses in hemodialysis patients. Clin Biochem 2014; 47:398-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Zhou D, Hu W, Wang Q, Jin Y. Glutathione S-transferase M1 polymorphism and coronary heart disease susceptibility: a meta-analysis involving 47,596 subjects. Heart Lung Circ 2014; 23:578-85. [PMID: 24525147 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have investigated the association between glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) null genotype and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the effect of the GSTM1 null genotype on CHD is still unclear because of apparent inconsistencies among those studies. A meta-analysis was performed to characterise the relationship more accurately. METHODS Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched. We estimated the summary odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) to assess the association. RESULTS Up to 26 case-control studies with 13,929 CHD cases and 33,667 control cases were included into this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of the 26 studies showed that GSTM1 null genotype was associated with the risk of CHD (random effects OR=1.35, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.83). After adjustment for heterogeneity, meta-analysis showed that GSTM1 null genotype was not associated with increased risk of CHD in the total population (fixed effects OR=1.01, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.07). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, increased risks were not found for either Caucasians (OR=1.36, 95% CI=0.96-1.92) or Asians (OR=1.28, 95% CI=0.91-1.80). When stratified by smoking status, in the subgroup of smokers, GSTM1 null genotype was significantly associated with increased CHD risk (random effects OR=1.64, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.64). No evidence of publication bias was observed. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggested that there is overall lack of association between GSTM1 genotypes and CHD risk, however, GSTM1 null genotype when combining with smoking history may contribute to CHD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Weina Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Yuanzhe Jin
- Department of Cardiology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
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17
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Suvakov S, Damjanovic T, Pekmezovic T, Jakovljevic J, Savic-Radojevic A, Pljesa-Ercegovac M, Radovanovic S, Simic DV, Pljesa S, Zarkovic M, Mimic-Oka J, Dimkovic N, Simic T. Associations of GSTM1*0 and GSTA1*A genotypes with the risk of cardiovascular death among hemodialyses patients. BMC Nephrol 2014; 15:12. [PMID: 24423050 PMCID: PMC3909531 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-15-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The presence of glutathione transferase (GST) M1 null genotype (GSTM1-null) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients is associated with lower overall survival rate in comparison to those with GSTM1-active variants. We examined association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 deletion polymorphisms as well as SNPs in GSTA1/rs3957357 and GSTP1/rs1695 genes with overall and cause-specific cardiovascular mortality in ESRD patients. Methods Total of 199 patients undergoing hemodialysis were included in the study. Median value of time elapsed from dialysis initiation until the death, or the end of follow-up was 8 ± 5 years. The effect of GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1 and GSTA1 gene polymorphisms on predicting overall and specific cardiovascular outcomes (myocardial infarction, MI or stroke) was analyzed using Cox regression model, and differences in survival were determined by Kaplan-Meier. Results GSTM1-null genotype in ESRD patients was found to be independent predictor of overall and cardiovascular mortality. However, after false discovery rate and Bonferroni corrections this effect was lost. The borderline effect modification by wild-type GSTA1*A/*A genotype on associations between GSTM1-null and analyzed outcomes was found only for death from stroke. Homozygous carriers of combined GSTM1*0/GSTA1*A genotype exhibited significantly shorter time to death of stroke or MI in comparison with carriers of either GSTM1-active or at least one GSTA1*B gene variant. The best survival rate regarding cardiovascular outcome was found for ESRD patients with combined GSTM1-active and mutant GSTA1*B/*B genotype. Conclusions Combined GSTM1*0/GSTA1*A genotypes might be considered as genetic markers for cardiovascular death risk in ESRD patients, which may permit targeting of preventive and early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tatjana Simic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Pasterova 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms with consumption of high fruit-juice and vegetable diet affect antioxidant capacity in healthy adults. Nutrition 2013; 29:965-71. [PMID: 23422534 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2012.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To our knowledge, no data have yet shown the combined effects of GSTM1/GSTT1 gene polymorphisms with high consumption of a fruit and vegetable diet on the body's antioxidant capacity. A 2-wk dietary intervention in healthy participants was conducted to test the hypothesis that the antioxidant biomarkers in individuals with different glutathione-S-transferases (GST) genotypes will be different in response to a high fruit-juice and vegetable diet. METHODS In our study, 24 healthy volunteers with different GST genotypes (12 GSTM1+/GSTT1+ and 12 GSTM1-/GSTT1- participants) consumed a controlled diet high in fruit-juice and vegetables for 2 wk. Blood and first-void urine specimens were obtained at baseline, 1-wk, and 2-wk intervals. The antioxidant capacity-related biomarkers in blood and urine were observed and recorded at the scheduled times. RESULTS Erythrocyte GST and glutathione reductase (GR) activities response to a high fruit-juice and vegetable diet are GST genotype-dependent. Two weeks on the high fruit-juice and vegetable diet increased GST and GR activities in the GSTM1+/GSTT1+ group (P < 0.05 compared with baseline or GSTM1-/GSTT1- group), although no effects were observed on GST and GR activities in GSTM1-/GSTT1- participants. Dietary intervention increased total antioxidant capacity and decreased plasma malondialdehyde content in all participants (P < 0.05 compared with baseline), whereas GSTM1+/GSTT1+ participants respond more quickly to a high fruit-juice and vegetable diet than GSTM1-/GSTT1- participants. The diet intervention was effective in enhancing glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in all participants (P < 0.05 compared with baseline), although there was no influence on erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The effects of a diet rich in fruit-juice and vegetables on antioxidant capacity were dependent on GSTM1/GSTT1 genotypes.
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19
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Cora T, Tokac M, Acar H, Soylu A, Inan Z. Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genotypes and myocardial infarction. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:3263-7. [PMID: 23275234 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI), which is the most important manifestation of coronary artery disease, is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. Glutathione S transferases (GSTs) are enzymes responsible for the metabolism of numerous xenobiotics and are known to be polymorphic in humans. We investigated the association between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms and MI. The study consists of 296 healthy controls and 324 consecutive patients who had undergone coronary angiography for suspicion of coronary artery disease and with a past history of myocardial infarction. DNA was extracted from whole blood of patient and control. GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms were examined using multiplex PCR. We found that the null GSTM1 was associated with protective effect on MI, although this increase was not significant for GSTM1 (p < 0.054). However, GSTT1 genotype was associated with an increase in the risk of developing MI. In addition to after adjusting other all coronary risk factors, the interactive effect of GSTT1 null genotype remained statistically significant (p < 0.001) for MI disease but GSTM1 null genotype was not statistically significant. Patients, who smoke having the null genotypes of GSTM1, were at a higher risk for developing MI (p < 0.001, OR = 0.41, 95 % CI = 0.240-0.207). There was an effect of interaction of GSTM1 null genotype and smoking on MI development between patient and control groups (p < 0.001). Our results showed that individuals with the null genotypes for GSTM1 had protective effect, while GSTT1 was at a higher risk for MI disease. In addition, there was additional effects of smoking when smoking and non-smoking groups were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulin Cora
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty of Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
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20
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GSTT1 null genotype contributes to coronary heart disease risk: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8571-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1691-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Evidence for the association of DNA damage with cardiovascular disease has been obtained from in vitro cell culture models, experimental cardiovascular disease and analysis of samples obtained from humans with disease. There is general acceptance that several factors associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease cause oxidative damage to DNA in cell culture models with both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA as targets. Moreover, evidence obtained over the past 10 years points to a possible mechanistic role for DNA damage in experimental atherosclerosis culminating in recent studies challenging the assumption that DNA damage is merely a biomarker of the disease process. This kind of mechanistic insight provides a renewed impetus for further studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qudsia Malik
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital , Leicester , UK
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22
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Taspinar M, Aydos S, Sakiragaoglu O, Duzen IV, Yalcinkaya A, Oztuna D, Bardakci H, Tutar E, Sunguroglu A. Impact of Genetic Variations of theCYP1A1, GSTT1, andGSTM1Genes on the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:211-8. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Taspinar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sena Aydos
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Onur Sakiragaoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Irfan Veysel Duzen
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adnan Yalcinkaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Oztuna
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasmet Bardakci
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eralp Tutar
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asuman Sunguroglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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The role of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms and fruit and vegetable consumption in antioxidant parameters in healthy subjects. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:928-33. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511003746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The correlation of glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1/T1 genetic polymorphisms with oxidative stress-related chronic diseases was proved recently. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of GSTM1/T1 genetic polymorphisms with antioxidant biomarkers and consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) in healthy subjects. In this study, for conducting a 3 d dietary survey, 190 healthy adults were recruited. After DNA extraction, a multiple PCR method was used for GSTM1/T1 genotyping. A spectrophotometer method was applied for the determination of plasma total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), vitamin C level and erythrocyte GST enzyme activity. A general linear model was used to compare the mean values of antioxidant parameters for different GSTM1/T1 genotypes and consumption of F&V. Polymorphisms of GSTM1/T1 had no effects on plasma T-AOC and vitamin C levels. Deletion of the GSTM1 gene decreased the erythrocyte GST activity. There was correlation between plasma T-AOC and consumption of F&V in the GSTM1− or GSTT1+ subjects. A similar pattern was evident for erythrocyte GST activity in the GSTM1− subjects. No association was found among consumption of F&V and GSTM1/T1 genotypes and plasma vitamin C level. Different consumption of F&V had no impact on plasma T-AOC and vitamin C levels in the GSTM1−/GSTT1+ or GSTM1−/GSTT1− subjects. The erythrocyte GST activity was more sensitive to consumption of F&V in the individuals with the GSTM1−/GSTT1+ genotype. Association was found among GSTM1/T1 genotypes, antioxidant parameters and consumption of F&V. Large-scale and multiple ethnic studies are needed to further evaluate the relationship.
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Nørskov MS, Frikke-Schmidt R, Loft S, Sillesen H, Grande P, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjærg-Hansen A. Copy Number Variation in
Glutathione S-Transferases M1
and
T1
and Ischemic Vascular Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 4:418-28. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.111.959809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) M1 and T1 detoxify products of oxidative stress and may protect against atherosclerosis and ischemic vascular disease (IVD). We tested the hypothesis that copy number variation (CNV) in
GSTM1
and
GSTT1
genes, known to be associated with stepwise decreases in catalytic activity, predict risk of IVD.
Methods and Results—
We included 23 059 Danes from 2 general population studies and 2 case-control studies, of whom 4930 had ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 2086 had ischemic cerebrovascular disease. A real-time polymerase chain reaction method genotyped for the exact number of
GSTM1
and
GST
T1
gene copies. We also performed meta-analyses, including our own and former studies, totaling 13 196 IHD cases and 33 228 controls. CNV in
GSTM1
or
GSTT1
or genotype combinations were not associated with an increased risk of IHD, myocardial infarction, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, ischemic stroke, or any ischemic vascular event in studies individually or combined or in the meta-analyses. Furthermore, genotypes did not interact with smoking on risk of disease end points. Finally,
GST
genotypes did not associate with markers of inflammation and oxidation or interact with smoking on markers of inflammation in the general population. In contrast, we observed the well-established association between CNV in
GSTM1
and risk of bladder cancer.
Conclusions—
In studies including 6557 IVD cases and 16 502 controls and in meta-analyses of 13 196 cases and 33 228 controls, CNV in
GSTM1
and
GST
T1
genes did not associate with risk of IVD or with markers of inflammation. These observations were independent of smoking exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne S. Nørskov
- From the Departments of Clinical Biochemistry (M.S.N., R.F.-S., A.T.-H.), Vascular Surgery (H.S.), and Cardiology (P.G.), Rigshospitalet; Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health (S.L.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.N.) and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Herlev Hospital; The Copenhagen City Heart Study (B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Bispebjerg Hospital; and Copenhagen University Hospitals and Faculty of Health Sciences (M.S.N., R.F.-S., S.L
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- From the Departments of Clinical Biochemistry (M.S.N., R.F.-S., A.T.-H.), Vascular Surgery (H.S.), and Cardiology (P.G.), Rigshospitalet; Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health (S.L.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.N.) and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Herlev Hospital; The Copenhagen City Heart Study (B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Bispebjerg Hospital; and Copenhagen University Hospitals and Faculty of Health Sciences (M.S.N., R.F.-S., S.L
| | - Steffen Loft
- From the Departments of Clinical Biochemistry (M.S.N., R.F.-S., A.T.-H.), Vascular Surgery (H.S.), and Cardiology (P.G.), Rigshospitalet; Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health (S.L.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.N.) and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Herlev Hospital; The Copenhagen City Heart Study (B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Bispebjerg Hospital; and Copenhagen University Hospitals and Faculty of Health Sciences (M.S.N., R.F.-S., S.L
| | - Henrik Sillesen
- From the Departments of Clinical Biochemistry (M.S.N., R.F.-S., A.T.-H.), Vascular Surgery (H.S.), and Cardiology (P.G.), Rigshospitalet; Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health (S.L.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.N.) and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Herlev Hospital; The Copenhagen City Heart Study (B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Bispebjerg Hospital; and Copenhagen University Hospitals and Faculty of Health Sciences (M.S.N., R.F.-S., S.L
| | - Peer Grande
- From the Departments of Clinical Biochemistry (M.S.N., R.F.-S., A.T.-H.), Vascular Surgery (H.S.), and Cardiology (P.G.), Rigshospitalet; Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health (S.L.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.N.) and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Herlev Hospital; The Copenhagen City Heart Study (B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Bispebjerg Hospital; and Copenhagen University Hospitals and Faculty of Health Sciences (M.S.N., R.F.-S., S.L
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- From the Departments of Clinical Biochemistry (M.S.N., R.F.-S., A.T.-H.), Vascular Surgery (H.S.), and Cardiology (P.G.), Rigshospitalet; Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health (S.L.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.N.) and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Herlev Hospital; The Copenhagen City Heart Study (B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Bispebjerg Hospital; and Copenhagen University Hospitals and Faculty of Health Sciences (M.S.N., R.F.-S., S.L
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- From the Departments of Clinical Biochemistry (M.S.N., R.F.-S., A.T.-H.), Vascular Surgery (H.S.), and Cardiology (P.G.), Rigshospitalet; Department of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health (S.L.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.N.) and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Herlev Hospital; The Copenhagen City Heart Study (B.G.N., A.T.-H.), Bispebjerg Hospital; and Copenhagen University Hospitals and Faculty of Health Sciences (M.S.N., R.F.-S., S.L
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Karban A, Krivoy N, Elkin H, Adler L, Chowers Y, Eliakim R, Efrati E. Non-Jewish Israeli IBD patients have significantly higher glutathione S-transferase GSTT1-null frequency. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:2081-7. [PMID: 21243434 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is well documented. Two members of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family of enzymes, GSTM1 and GSTT1, known to take part in cellular protection against electrophiles, demonstrate common deletion variants (termed null) associated with impaired enzyme function. AIM To evaluate the effect of GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype on IBD susceptibility in a Israeli cohort and to study the correlation between GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype, smoking status, and a variety of clinical characteristics of IBD. METHODS A cohort of 606 Israeli IBD patients (453 with Crohn's disease [CD] and 153 with ulcerative colitis [UC]) and 528 ethnically matched healthy controls were genotyped for the null variants of GSTM1 and GSTT1. In patients, phenotype-genotype correlations were examined. RESULTS Ethnic stratification of healthy controls revealed a higher frequency of GSTT1-null in Jewish and Arab Moslem individuals compared to Druze individuals (P < 0.0005), but no difference in GSTM1-null was found. Comparing IBD patients (both CD and UC) to healthy controls revealed a pattern of lower GSTM1-null and higher GSTT1-null frequencies, which reached significance in Arab Moslem patients. No association was found between NOD2/CARD15 mutation carriage and GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype. No statistically significant association was found between GSTT1-null or GSTM1-null, smoking status, and other phenotypes of CD/UC. CONCLUSIONS GSTT1-null appears to be associated with IBD, while GSTM1-null appears to be conversely associated with IBD. No association was found between GSTT1-null or GSTM1-null and specific IBD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Karban
- Internal Medicine C, Rambam Health Care Campus, P.O. Box 9602, Haifa, 31096, Israel.
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Karahalil B, Emerce E, Kocabaş NA, Akkaş E. Associations between GSTM1 and OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms and smoking on chromosomal damage and birth growth in mothers. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 38:2911-8. [PMID: 20127182 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-9953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The presenting study was investigated the associations between individual susceptibility and cigarette smoke on maternal chromosomal damage and neonatal birth growth in smoking mothers since little known about genetic susceptibility to cigarette smoke in relation to adverse pregnancy outcome such as birth growth. Sixty-one pregnant women who completed a questionnaire at Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology have enrolled in this study. GSTM1 and OGG1 ser326Cys gene polymorphisms were analysed by RFLP-PCR (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism-Polymerase Chain Reaction) as possible genetic factors affecting susceptibility to such health effects of smoking and chromosomal damage was performed by chromosomal aberration assay (CAA) in maternal blood lymphocytes. Maternal self-reported history of pregnancy smoking was informed by questionnaire declaration. Our results showed that maternal smoking had significant effect on chromosomal damage, birth weight, and length. The frequencies of CA in smokers was significantly higher than that of the nonsmokers (3.46 ± 2.06 and 2.00 ± 1.3, P = 0.001). Birth weight and length in smokers were significantly higher that of nonsmokers (3,355 g and 49.57 cm, P = 0.001; 3,639 g and 50.79 cm, P = 0.002). On the other hand, there was a slightly increased in the frequencies of CA and reduction birth weight and length in GSTM1 null and length in OGG1 variant genotypes, those differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05); likely due to small sample size. Larger sample size needs to reach significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bensu Karahalil
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
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Nomani H, Mozafari H, Ghobadloo SM, Rahimi Z, Raygani AV, Rahimi MA, Haghi AF, Keshavarz AA. The association between GSTT1, M1, and P1 polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in Western Iran. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 354:181-7. [PMID: 21499713 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage which occurred by the effect of oxidant and mutant agents has an essential role in the development of atherosclerosis. To investigate the possible association between GSTs polymorphism with coronary artery disease (CAD), we investigated the frequency of GSTT1, M1, and P1 genotypes in patients with CAD compared to controls. The genotypes of GSTT1, M1, and P1 were determined in 209 angiographically documented CAD patients and 108 normal coronary artery cases (as controls) by Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction and PCR-RFLP. In CAD patients, the frequency of GSTT1-null genotype was significantly (P = 0.025) lower than that in control. The presence of this genotype was associated with 2.2-fold increased risk of CAD. However, the frequency of GSTM1 and GSTP1 genotypes were not significantly different comparing both groups (P = 0.405 and P = 0.521, respectively). Moreover, non smokers patients had a lower frequency of GSTM1-null genotype (29.2%) compared to non smoker controls (43.5%, P = 0.043). Also, the frequency of both GSTT1-null and GSTM1-null genotypes in patients (3.8%) was significantly lower compared to controls with the same genotypes (10.2%, P = 0.014). Our results indicated that a reduction in the frequency of GSTT1-null and GSTM1-null genotypes that observed in our study might be involved in the pathogenesis of CAD in our population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Nomani
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Potential risk modifications of GSTT1, GSTM1 and GSTP1 (glutathione-S-transferases) variants and their association to CAD in patients with type-2 diabetes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 407:49-53. [PMID: 21352813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.02.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) are known for their broad range of detoxification and in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Recent studies revealed the relationship of GSTs variants with T2DM and CAD. In this case-control study we ascertained the association of GSTs variants in association with the development of CAD in patients with T2DM. METHODS From the Southern part of India, we enrolled 222 T2DM patients, 290 T2DM patients with CAD and 270 healthy controls matched for age, sex and origin. Serum lipid profiles were measured and DNA was extracted from the blood samples. Multiplex PCR for GSTM1/T1 (null polymorphism) and PCR-RFLP for GSTP1 (105 A>G), were performed for genotyping of study participants. Gene frequency and lipid profiles were statistically analyzed for disease association. RESULTS Regression analysis showed that, GSTM1-null genotype is associated with a 2-fold increase (OR=2.925; 95% CI=2.078-4.119; P<0.0001) and GSTT1-null genotype is associated with a 3-fold increase (OR=3.114; 95% CI=2.176-4.456; P<0.0001) to T2DM development. Ile/Val and Val/Val genotypes of GSTP1 also showed a significant risk for T2DM (OR=1.423, CI=1.041-1.946; P=0.027 and OR=1.829, CI=1.064-3.142; P=0.029). Increased odds ratio showed that GSTT1-null genotype had a moderately higher occurrence in T2DM-CAD patients (OR=1.918, 95% CI=1.144-3.214; P=0.014) than T2DM patients without CAD. The level of HDL has significantly decreased in GSTT1-present than in GSTT1-null genotype (43.50±4.10 vs. 45.20±3.90; P=0.004) when compared with control and T2DM patients. However, LDL level showed a significant increase in GSTT1-null than GSTT1-present genotype (108.70±16.90 vs. 102.20±12.60; P=0.005). Although the GSTM1-null polymorphism showed no correlation with lipid profiles among T2DM and T2DM with CAD patients, GSTT1-null polymorphism attained a statistical significance for the level of LDL (127±28.20 vs. 134±29.10; P=0.039) and triglycerides in T2DM with CAD patients (182.10±21.10 vs. 191.20±24.10; P=0.018). CONCLUSION Our work concludes that GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 variants might contribute to the development of T2DM and GSTT1 variant alone is involved in the development of T2DM associated CAD complications in the South Indian population.
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Dhillon VS, Thomas P, Iarmarcovai G, Kirsch-Volders M, Bonassi S, Fenech M. Genetic polymorphisms of genes involved in DNA repair and metabolism influence micronucleus frequencies in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Mutagenesis 2010; 26:33-42. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Association analysis of GSTT1, GSTM1 genotype polymorphisms and serum total GST activity with ischemic stroke risk. Neurol Sci 2010. [PMID: 20517701 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-010–0330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a major role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis which is responsible for stroke. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) detoxify metabolites produced by oxidative stress within the cell and protect the cells against injury. This study aimed to investigate the association of polymorphisms in GSTT1, GSTM1 genes and GST activity with ischemic stroke risk. Patients had almost the same GST activity as that of controls. No significant differences were found between patients and controls in terms of GSTT1 null, GSTM1 null and GSTT1/GSTM1 double null genotype frequencies. Besides, both patients and controls with double GSTT1/GSTM1 null genotypes had the lowest serum GST activities. Compared to the present genotypes, GSTT1 null (OR = 4.888; P = 0.006) and GSTM1 null (OR = 2.383; P = 0.011) genotype groups contained relatively more hypertensive stroke patients. This study showed that GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes, together with hypertension, may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.
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Association analysis of GSTT1, GSTM1 genotype polymorphisms and serum total GST activity with ischemic stroke risk. Neurol Sci 2010; 31:727-34. [PMID: 20517701 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-010-0330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a major role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis which is responsible for stroke. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) detoxify metabolites produced by oxidative stress within the cell and protect the cells against injury. This study aimed to investigate the association of polymorphisms in GSTT1, GSTM1 genes and GST activity with ischemic stroke risk. Patients had almost the same GST activity as that of controls. No significant differences were found between patients and controls in terms of GSTT1 null, GSTM1 null and GSTT1/GSTM1 double null genotype frequencies. Besides, both patients and controls with double GSTT1/GSTM1 null genotypes had the lowest serum GST activities. Compared to the present genotypes, GSTT1 null (OR = 4.888; P = 0.006) and GSTM1 null (OR = 2.383; P = 0.011) genotype groups contained relatively more hypertensive stroke patients. This study showed that GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes, together with hypertension, may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke.
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Wang J, Zou L, Huang S, Lu F, Lang X, Han L, Song Z, Xu Z. Genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase genes GSTM1, GSTT1 and risk of coronary heart disease. Mutagenesis 2010; 25:365-9. [PMID: 20354063 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the role of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs; GSTM1 and GSTT1) status in susceptibility to coronary heart disease (CHD), a meta-analysis of published studies was performed. A total of 19 studies including 8020 cases and 11 501 controls were included in this meta-analysis. In a combined analysis, the relative risks for CHD of the GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null polymorphisms were 1.47 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-2.01] and 1.26 (95% CI: 0.90-1.75), respectively. Three potential sources of heterogeneity including ethnicity, source of control and sample size of study were also assessed. However, no significant association was found in stratified analyses. By pooling data from eight studies (2909 cases and 3745 controls) that considered combinations of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes, a statistically significant increased risk for CHD [odds ratio (OR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.03-5.48)] was detected for individuals with combined deletion mutations in both genes compared with positive genotypes. Results from the meta-analysis of five studies on GSTs stratified according to smoking status showed an increased risk for individuals with null genotype (OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.24-3.92 for GSTM1 and OR = 3.29, 95% CI: 1.49-7.26 for GSTT1) versus non-null genotypes. This meta-analysis suggests that the GSTM1 null genotype may slightly increase the risk of CHD and that interaction between unfavourable GSTs genotypes may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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The common variant in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes is related to markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease: a case-only study. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:405-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhou C, Tang J, Wang M, Yan J, Wang Q, Zhu J, Yang Z, Wang L. Relationship of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic variant and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in smokers with coronary artery disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1007-4376(09)60074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Conklin DJ, Haberzettl P, Prough RA, Bhatnagar A. Glutathione-S-transferase P protects against endothelial dysfunction induced by exposure to tobacco smoke. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009; 296:H1586-97. [PMID: 19270193 PMCID: PMC2685347 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00867.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Accepted: 03/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to tobacco smoke impairs endothelium-dependent arterial dilation. Reactive constituents of cigarette smoke are metabolized and detoxified by glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs). Although polymorphisms in GST genes are associated with the risk of cancer in smokers, the role of these enzymes in regulating the cardiovascular effects of smoking has not been studied. The P isoform of GST (GSTP), which catalyzes the conjugation of electrophilic molecules in cigarette smoke such as acrolein, was expressed in high abundance in the mouse lung and aorta. Exposure to tobacco smoke for 3 days (5 h/day) decreased total plasma protein. These changes were exaggerated in GSTP(-/-) mice. Aortic rings isolated from tobacco smoke-exposed GSTP(-/-) mice showed greater attenuation of ACh-evoked relaxation than those from GSTP(+/+) mice. The lung, plasma, and aorta of mice exposed to tobacco smoke or acrolein (for 5 h) accumulated more acrolein-adducted proteins than those tissues of mice exposed to air, indicating that exposure to tobacco smoke results in the systemic delivery of acrolein. Relative to GSTP(+/+) mice, modification of some proteins by acrolein was increased in the aorta of GSTP(-/-) mice. Aortic rings prepared from GSTP(-/-) mice that inhaled acrolein (1 ppm, 5 h/day for 3 days) or those exposed to acrolein in an organ bath showed diminished ACh-induced arterial relaxation more strongly than GSTP(+/+) mice. Acrolein-induced endothelial dysfunction was prevented by pretreatment of the aorta with N-acetylcysteine. These results indicate that GSTP protects against the endothelial dysfunction induced by tobacco smoke exposure and that this protection may be related to the detoxification of acrolein or other related cigarette smoke constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Conklin
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Div. of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dept. of Medicine, Univ. of Louisville, Delia Baxter Bldg., 580 S. Preston St., Rm. 421C, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Huang P, Huang B, Weng H, Nakayama K, Morimoto K. Effects of lifestyle on micronuclei frequency in human lymphocytes in Japanese hard-metal workers. Prev Med 2009; 48:383-8. [PMID: 19463494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2008.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 12/24/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The risks of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other major causes of mortality are largely attributable to lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol drinking, hours of working and sleeping, physical activity, diet, and stress. Earlier studies have suggested that an unhealthy lifestyle is also associated with increased lymphocyte sensitivity to mutagens, oxidative DNA damage level, and leukocyte DNA damage. In order to explore the genotoxicity of unhealthy lifestyle, we evaluated the effect of overall lifestyle as well as some individual lifestyle factors on micronuclei (MN) frequency in cultured human lymphocytes. METHOD The study was conducted among 208 healthy adult (19 to 59 years) male Japanese hard-metal workers. The subjects were divided into groups according to their self-reported good, moderate, and poor lifestyles based on their responses to a questionnaire regarding eight health practices (cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, sleeping hours, working hours, physical exercise, eating breakfast, balanced nutrition, and mental stress), the presence or absence of each of which was summed to obtain a health practice index (HPI: range 0-8). Peripheral blood was taken and the cytokinesis-block micronuclei (CBMN) assay was performed. RESULTS Total lifestyle quality as measured by the HPI was strongly negatively associated with MN frequency in cultured human lymphocytes (p<0.01). Nutritional imbalance, lack of regular exercise (<2 times per week), insufficient sleep (< or =6 h per day), and overtime working (> or =9 h per day) each contributed significantly to higher MN frequency (all p<0.05). In the smoker group, a significantly higher MN frequency was only found in heavy smokers (p<0.05). On the other hand, mental stress, eating breakfast, and alcohol drinking had no effect on MN frequency. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings indicate that poor lifestyle habits significantly increase MN frequency in human lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Huang
- Department of Toxicology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
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Wang LS, Tang JJ, Tang NP, Wang MW, Yan JJ, Wang QM, Yang ZJ, Wang B. Association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in relation to tobacco smoking. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009; 46:1720-5. [PMID: 19055448 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that the common variant in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 (GSTM1) and T1 (GSTT1) gene is associated with the risk of smoking-related coronary artery disease (CAD). Intra-ethnic as well as inter-ethnic differences are known to impact the frequencies of GST gene polymorphisms, thus influencing its interactive effect with tobacco smoking on CAD risk. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the interaction of the genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 with cigarette smoking and the risk of CAD in a Chinese population. METHODS We conducted a study with 277 CAD patients and 277 controls matched by age and sex to examine the prevalence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism in CAD. RESULTS We found that homozygous deletion of GSTM1 had a frequency of 32.1% among patients with CAD and 21.3% among those without CAD (p=0.004). The frequency of the GSTT1(null) genotype was 27.8% among the patients with CAD and 19.1% among CAD-free subjects (p=0.016). Patients who smoked having both the wild-type genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were protected from developing coronary heart disease (p<0.001). Moreover, smokers with combined GSTM1(null)GSTT1(null) genotypes had a significantly higher number of stenosed vessels than those with the positive genotype (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that GST polymorphisms may be a susceptibility factor to smoking-related CAD in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Sheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Morales E, Sunyer J, Julvez J, Castro-Giner F, Estivill X, Torrent M, De Cid R. GSTM1 polymorphisms modify the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on cognitive functioning in preschoolers. Int J Epidemiol 2009; 38:690-7. [PMID: 19244254 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyp141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy is associated with cognitive deficits in children. Parental factors are proposed as an explanatory. We studied the influence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms on the cognition effects induced by active maternal smoking during pregnancy. METHODS Children (n = 384) from a prospective population-based birth cohort were assessed at 4 years. The McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MCSA) was administrated. Maternal smoking was measured by questionnaire. Genotyping was conducted for null alleles from GSTM1 and GSTT1. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between active maternal smoking during pregnancy and MCSA outcomes by GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes. RESULTS Maternal smoking during pregnancy (reporting, yes) was inversely associated with global cognitive score among children having null allele for GSTM1 (beta = -4.73, 95% CI -9.45 to -0.02); but not among children with present allele (beta = -1.04, 95% CI -7.88 to 5.81) (P for interaction 0.089). The interaction remained after adjusting by post-natal maternal smoking (P = 0.081). The effect was stronger for perceptual-performance (beta = -3.68, 95% CI -8.39 to 1.03; P for interaction 0.087), quantitative (beta = -7.00, 95% CI -17.39 to 3.39; P for interaction 0.048), verbal (beta = -3.63, 95% CI -8.43 to 1.17; P for interaction 0.264) and executive function (beta = -4.87, 95% CI -9.55 to -0.20; P for interaction 0.127). No interaction was found for GSTT1. CONCLUSIONS GSTM1 deficiency increases the adverse effects of active maternal smoking during pregnancy on cognition in preschoolers, suggesting a biological interaction between child metabolic genes and tobacco smoke components in detoxification process during foetal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Morales
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
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Maciel SS, Pereira ADC, Silva GJJ, Rodrigues MV, Mill JG, Krieger JE. Association between glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. Atherosclerosis 2009; 206:204-8. [PMID: 19419718 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Null genotypes of glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) exhibit absence of enzymatic activity and are hypothesized to modulate an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to identify the potential association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 deleted polymorphisms with cardiovascular risk factors and coronary atherosclerosis in two independent urban populations. METHODS AND RESULTS Genotype distribution of GSTM1 and GSTT1 deleted polymorphism were examined in a sample of 1577 individuals from the general population and a replication sample of 871 individuals submitted to coronary angiography. Triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and the triglycerides/HDL ratio were significantly associated with a double-deleted genotype in individuals from the general population. These findings were replicated in a second, independent, population of individuals submitted to coronary angiography. In addition, coronary artery disease severity was also associated with GSTs genotypes and the risk conferred from GSTs genotype was mainly due to triglycerides/HDL ratio information. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that the presence of a double deletion genotypes of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes is associated with hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterol levels in humans. These novel findings may provide a new unexplored link between lipid metabolism and GST homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone S Maciel
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Eneas C. Aguiar 44, São Paulo, Brazil
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Manfredi S, Calvi D, del Fiandra M, Botto N, Biagini A, Andreassi MG. Glutathione S-transferase T1- and M1-null genotypes and coronary artery disease risk in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus Cardiovasc. Pharmacogenomics 2009; 10:29-34. [DOI: 10.2217/14622416.10.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Since long-term exposure to oxidative stress is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications, polymorphic genes of detoxifying enzymes must be involved in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). We assessed the potential glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene–gene (GSTM1null–GSTT1null) and gene–smoking interactions on the development of CAD in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Materials & methods: In a case-only design, we enrolled 231 patients with Type 2 diabetes (147 male, 66.1 ± 9.7 years) referred to our institute for coronary angiography investigation. CAD was diagnosed if there was over 50% obstruction of one or more major vessels. Results: Coronary angiography revealed significant CAD in 184 patients (80%). Male gender (p < 0.001), smoking habits (p = 0.003) and GSTT1null genotype (p = 0.003) were significantly correlated with the increasing extent of the coronary atherosclerosis. Case-only analysis revealed that patients with both Mnull–Tnull genotypes had the highest risk for 3-vessel CAD compared with patients who express both GST genes (odds ratio: 3.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.0–10.3, p = 0.04). A nearly threefold interaction existed between cigarette smoking and Mnull–Tnull genotypes (odds ratio: 2.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.7–7.8, p = 0.03). A significant interaction between Mnull–Tnull genotypes and smoking was also observed on the increasing number of coronary vessels that were diseased (χ2 = 14.0; p = 0.03). Conclusion: These data suggest that polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes are risk factors for CAD in Type 2 diabetic patients, especially among smokers. These genetic markers may permit the targeting of preventive and early intervention on high-risk patients to reduce their cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Manfredi
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, G Pasquinucci Hospital, Via Aurelia Sud-Montepepe, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Debora Calvi
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, G Pasquinucci Hospital, Via Aurelia Sud-Montepepe, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Martina del Fiandra
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, G Pasquinucci Hospital, Via Aurelia Sud-Montepepe, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Botto
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, G Pasquinucci Hospital, Via Aurelia Sud-Montepepe, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Andrea Biagini
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, G Pasquinucci Hospital, Via Aurelia Sud-Montepepe, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Andreassi
- National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology, G Pasquinucci Hospital, Via Aurelia Sud-Montepepe, 54100 Massa, Italy
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High-throughput genotyping of copy number variation in glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 using real-time PCR in 20,687 individuals. Clin Biochem 2008; 42:201-9. [PMID: 19026998 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2008] [Revised: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Characteristic for the genes encoding glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and GSTT1 is a null allele, suggested to increase susceptibility to chronic diseases. We report an optimized method for the determination of copy number variation (CNV) in GST genes. DESIGN AND METHODS Real-time multiplex PCR reactions were optimized for quantification of GSTM1 and GSTT1 CNV using the DeltaCt method, a fixed volume of diluted DNA, a total volume of 10 microL, 384-well formats, and single determinations of each sample. RESULTS Consistent genotyping was obtained using DNA in a range of 0.41 ng to 100 ng. In a general population sample of 20,687 individuals the genotype frequencies were concordant with other methods used as standards. Throughput was 4600 genotypes per day at a reagent price of 0.5 euros per sample. CONCLUSIONS This high-throughput, low cost method accurately determines CNV in the GST genes enabling reliable estimates of disease prediction in large epidemiological samples.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glutathione S-transferases are involved in defences against oxidative stress. We have recently demonstrated reduced expression of glutathione S-transferase mu type 1 (Gstm1) in a rat model of hypertension. Here, we examine the association between GSTM variants and hypertension in human. METHODS We screened 83 patients with hypertension and 46 controls for single nucleotide polymorphisms in GSTM genes by TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays and DNA sequencing. We then genotyped 753 trios from the Medical Research Council British Genetics of Hypertension Study transmission disequilibrium test cohort for 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms and the GSTM1 deletion and examined renal GSTM expression in a cohort of 27 hypertensive and 18 normotensive subjects. Finally, we attempted to replicate our findings in 1675 cases and 1654 controls from the Medical Research Council British Genetics of Hypertension Study case-control cohort. RESULTS We identified two major linkage disequilibrium blocks including GSTM4/GSTM2 and GSTM5/GSTM3 separated by the GSTM1 gene. In the British Genetics of Hypertension transmission disequilibrium test resource, a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 3' region of GSTM5 (rs11807) was found to be associated with hypertension (P = 0.01) with the T-allele being over-transmitted to hypertensive offspring. GSTM5 mRNA expression was found to be reduced in kidney tissue of subjects homozygous for the T-allele of rs11807 as compared to C-allele homozygous and CT heterozygous subjects (P = 0.02). Nevertheless, rs11807 was not associated with hypertension in the British Genetics of Hypertension case-control cohort (P = 0.61). CONCLUSION Our studies do not provide an evidence of an association of GSTM gene variants with hypertension in humans. They, however, illustrate the essential role of replication of initial results in a second cohort.
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Martin NJ, Collier AC, Bowen LD, Pritsos KL, Goodrich GG, Arger K, Cutter G, Pritsos CA. Polymorphisms in the NQO1, GSTT and GSTM genes are associated with coronary heart disease and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Mutat Res 2008; 674:93-100. [PMID: 18950733 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It was hypothesized that the presence of genetic polymorphisms that decrease activity of the detoxification enzymes glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and quinone oxido-reductase (NQO1) may contribute to heart disease and affect biomarkers of coronary health and oxidative stress. Sixty-seven patients with angiographically confirmed coronary heart disease (CHD) and 63 healthy controls were genotyped for polymorphisms in the GST isoforms Mu and Theta (GSTM and GSTT respectively) and NQO1. Participants' blood levels of homocysteine (Hcy), C-reactive protein (CRP), oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOX) were measured. TAOX levels were significantly lower in women than men (P < or = 0.001) and this finding was more marked in the control group (P < or = 0.001). Hcy levels were higher in CHD patients (P=0.003 vs. control) which was mostly attributed to female patients (P=0.034 case vs. control). GSTM polymorphisms were present with greater frequencies in CHD cases with the odds ratio (OR) for GSTM equal to 3.77 vs. control. CHD patients also have an increased incidence of both GSTM and GSTT null polymorphisms (OR=5.13). In contrast, NQO1 polymorphisms were protective in CHD patients (OR=0.18 vs. control), which when stratified for genotype was due to heterozygous individuals. Significantly higher C-reactive protein levels occurred in CHD patients with lower NQO1 activity (P=0.001), however, due to the large variations in CRP levels seen in CHD patients; the clinical importance of this difference is unclear. Smokers with the GSTM null polymorphism were more likely to have CHD than non-smokers expressing the GSTM null polymorphism (OR=3.54, P=0.079). We conclude that a lack of activity in the detoxification enzymes NQO1 and GSTM, and biomarker levels are strongly associated with coronary heart disease with sex as a mitigating factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Martin
- Environmental Sciences and Health Graduate Program, University of Nevada, Reno, United States
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Stephens JW, Bain SC, Humphries SE. Gene–environment interaction and oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis 2008; 200:229-38. [PMID: 18490019 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kim SJ, Kim MG, Kim KS, Song JS, Yim SV, Chung JH. Impact of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms on the smoking-related coronary artery disease. J Korean Med Sci 2008; 23:365-72. [PMID: 18583868 PMCID: PMC2526535 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2008.23.3.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase (GST) plays a key role in the detoxification of xenobiotic atherogen generated by smoking. To analyze the effect of GSTM1/T1 gene polymorphisms on the development of smoking-related coronary artery disease (CAD), 775 Korean patients who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled. The subjects were classified by luminal diameter stenosis into group A (>50%), B (20-50%), or C (<20%). GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms were analyzed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for GSTM1/T1 genes and CYP1A1 gene for internal control. Of 775 subjects, 403 patients belonged to group A. They had higher risk factors for CAD than group B (N=260) and group C (N=112). The genotype frequencies of null GSTM1 and GSTT1 showed no significant differences among 3 groups. Considering the effect of GSTM1 gene polymorphisms on the smoking-related CAD, smokers with GSTM1 null genotype had more increased risk for CAD than non-smoker with GSTM1 positive genotype (odds ratios [OR], 2.07, confidence interval [CI], 1.06-4.07). Also the effect of GSTT1 gene polymorphism on smoking-related CAD showed the same tendency as GSTM1 gene (OR, 2.00, CI, 1.05-3.84). This effect of GSTM1/T1 null genotype on smoking-related CAD was augmented when both gene polymorphisms were considered simultaneously (OR, 2.76, CI, 1.17-6.52). We concluded that GSTM1/T1 null genotype contributed to the pathogenesis of smoking-related CAD to some degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Joong Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Kyunghee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Goulas A, Kosmidou M, Hatzitolios AI, Molyva D, Fidani L, Giannopoulos S, Mirtsou V. Glutathione S-Transferase Null and Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein TaqI B Polymorphisms and Lipid Response to Atorvastatin in Greek Dyslipidaemic Patients. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 102:559-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Hori M, Oniki K, Ueda K, Goto S, Mihara S, Marubayashi T, Nakagawa K. Combined glutathione S-transferase T1 and M1 positive genotypes afford protection against type 2 diabetes in Japanese. Pharmacogenomics 2008; 8:1307-14. [PMID: 17979505 DOI: 10.2217/14622416.8.10.1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species and a reduction in antioxidant defenses. The aim of this study is to determine the association between the incidence of Type 2 diabetes and gene polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GST), which modulates oxidative stress. MATERIALS & METHODS The associations between the incidence of Type 2 diabetes and the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes were analyzed in 469 Japanese participants in a health-screening program. RESULTS The clinical characteristics and smoking status were obtained from the health screening record. The incidence of diabetes was 1.5-fold higher in the GSTT1 and GSTM1 null (-) genotype than the GSTT1 and GSTM1 present (+) genotype, respectively. Although the effect of each null genotype was not significant, the combined GSTT1+/GSTM1+ genotypes conferred a significant reduction in risk of diabetes in comparison with the other combinations of genotypes (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12-0.71). In stratified analyses by smoking status, the incidence of diabetes was significantly higher in never-smokers with the GSTT1- genotype than those with the GSTT1+ genotype (OR: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.17-6.94) and increased significantly in current smokers (OR: 5.91; 95% CI: 1.96-17.88). The effect of the GSTM1- genotype was significant only in current smokers. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the GSTT1- and GSTT1-/GSTM1- genotypes are independent risk factors for development of Type 2 diabetes regardless of the smoking status of the patient, and that these genotypes and current smoking were interactively associated with the incidence of Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Hori
- Kumamoto University, Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oe-honmachi 5-1, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
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Vassalle C, Andreassi MG, Prontera C, Fontana M, Zyw L, Passino C, Emdin M. Influence of ScaI and Natriuretic Peptide (NP) Clearance Receptor Polymorphisms of the NP System on NP Concentration in Chronic Heart Failure. Clin Chem 2007; 53:1886-90. [PMID: 17890443 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.088302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Genetic variants related to the natriuretic peptide (NP) system [ScaI mutated allele (A1) of the atrial NP (ANP) gene and the C variant of the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor (NPRC) gene] have been identified as independent risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite the importance of NPs in heart failure (HF), the role of these polymorphisms in HF has not been evaluated.Methods: We screened 124 HF patients [mean (SD), age 66 (12) years, 100 men, ejection fraction 32% (10%), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I–II 65, III–IV 59] for NP concentrations [ANP, brain NP (BNP) and amino-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP)] and for the ScaI and NPRC variants.Results: ScaI polymorphism had no effect on NP concentration in the NYHA I–II subgroup. Conversely, in severe HF, A1 carriers had higher ANP (P ≤0.05), BNP (P <0.01), and NT-proBNP (P <0.01) than A2A2 patients. After multivariate adjustment, A1 presence remained an independent predictor for increased NP. Regarding NPRC polymorphism in mild HF, higher ANP (P <0.05) and BNP (P <0.05) were observed in CC than A allele carriers. After multivariate adjustment, however, this association did not remain significant. In severe HF, the NPRC polymorphism had no effect on NP.Conclusions: The ScaI polymorphism of the ANP gene might be an important additive genetic factor influencing neurohormonal activation and disease progression in severe HF. The NPRC polymorphism is not an independent determinant of NP concentration in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vassalle
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy.
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Iarmarcovai G, Bonassi S, Botta A, Baan RA, Orsière T. Genetic polymorphisms and micronucleus formation: a review of the literature. Mutat Res 2007; 658:215-33. [PMID: 18037339 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The formation of micronuclei (MN) is extensively used in molecular epidemiology as a biomarker of chromosomal damage, genome instability, and eventually of cancer risk. The occurrence of MN represents an integrated response to chromosome-instability phenotypes and altered cellular viabilities caused by genetic defects and/or exogenous exposures to genotoxic agents. The present article reviews human population studies addressing the relationship between genetic polymorphisms and MN formation, and provides insight into how genetic variants could modulate the effect of environmental exposures to genotoxic agents, host factors (gender, age), lifestyle characteristics (smoking, alcohol, folate), and diseases (coronary artery disease, cancer). Seventy-two studies measuring MN frequency either in peripheral blood lymphocytes or exfoliated cells were retrieved after an extensive search of the MedLine/PubMed database. The effect of genetic polymorphisms on MN formation is complex, influenced to a different extent by several polymorphisms of proteins or enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, DNA repair proteins, and folate-metabolism enzymes. This heterogeneity reflects the presence of multiple external and internal exposures, and the large number of chromosomal alterations eventually resulting in MN formation. Polymorphisms of EPHX, GSTT1, and GSTM1 are of special importance in modulating the frequency of chromosomal damage in individuals exposed to genotoxic agents and in unexposed populations. Variants of ALDH2 genes are consistently associated with MN formation induced by alcohol drinking. Carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (with or without breast cancer) show enhanced sensitivity to clastogens. Some evidence further suggests that DNA repair (XRCC1 and XRCC3) and folate-metabolism genes (MTHFR) also influence MN formation. As some of the findings are based on relatively small numbers of subjects, larger scale studies are required that include scoring of additional endpoints (e.g., MN in combination with fluorescent in situ hybridization, analysis of nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds), and address gene-gene interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Iarmarcovai
- Laboratory of Biogenotoxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis EA 1784; IFR PMSE 112, Faculty of Medecine, Université de la Méditerranée, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France.
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Manfredi S, Federici C, Picano E, Botto N, Rizza A, Andreassi MG. GSTM1, GSTT1 and CYP1A1 detoxification gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to smoking-related coronary artery disease: a case-only study. Mutat Res 2007; 621:106-12. [PMID: 17408703 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 12/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a powerful risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), leading to the formation of DNA alterations within blood vessels and heart. However, the degree of smoking-related atherosclerosis varies from individual to individual. Genetic polymorphisms of relevant xenobiotic metabolising enzymes may determine the susceptibility of an individual response to environmental toxicants. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the inheritance of polymorphic genes encoding cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1 MspI) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1(null) and GSTT1(null)) may be causally associated with the presence and severity of smoking-induced CAD. In a case-only design, 222 (179 male, 57.8+/-10.3 years) consecutive smoker patients who had undergone elective and diagnostic coronary angiography were recruited. We found a group (n=169) of smoker patients with significant CAD, defined as>50% reduction in diameter of at least one major vessel, and a group without obstructive CAD (n=53). No significant differences were observed in CYP1A1 genotypes frequencies between CAD and non-CAD smokers (p=0.1). Homozygous deletion of GSTM1 had a frequency of 58.6% among patients with CAD and 45.3% among those without CAD (p=0.08). The frequency of the GSTT1(null) genotype was 43.8% among the patients with CAD and 24.5% among CAD-free subjects (p=0.01). After adjustment for traditional risk factors, the presence of combined GSTM1(null)GSTT1(null) genotypes was significantly associated with an increased risk of CAD (OR=3.9; 95% CI: 1.3-11.4, p=0.01). Moreover, smokers with combined GSTM1(null)GSTT1(null) genotypes had significantly higher number of stenosed vessels than those with the positive genotype (2.3+/-0.9 versus 1.7+/-0.8, p=0.03). Our findings showed that smokers carrying GST deleted genotypes have an increased susceptibility to the smoking related coronary artery disease. Exploring gene-smoking effect provides an excellent model in order to understand gene-environment toxicants interaction and its implications to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Manfredi
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, G. Pasquinucci Hospital, Massa, Italy
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