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Breitbart H, Grinshtein E. Mechanisms That Protect Mammalian Sperm from the Spontaneous Acrosome Reaction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17005. [PMID: 38069328 PMCID: PMC10707520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To acquire the capacity to fertilize the oocyte, mammalian spermatozoa must undergo a series of biochemical reactions in the female reproductive tract, which are collectively called capacitation. The capacitated spermatozoa subsequently interact with the oocyte zona-pellucida and undergo the acrosome reaction, which enables the penetration of the oocyte and subsequent fertilization. However, the spontaneous acrosome reaction (sAR) can occur prematurely in the sperm before reaching the oocyte cumulus oophorus, thereby jeopardizing fertilization. One of the main processes in capacitation involves actin polymerization, and the resulting F-actin is subsequently dispersed prior to the acrosome reaction. Several biochemical reactions that occur during sperm capacitation, including actin polymerization, protect sperm from sAR. In the present review, we describe the protective mechanisms that regulate sperm capacitation and prevent sAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Breitbart
- The Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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2
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Zinellu A, Sedda S, Mangoni AA. Paraoxonase/Arylesterase Activity of Serum Paraoxonase-1 and Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1484. [PMID: 37627479 PMCID: PMC10451270 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of a pro-oxidant state in patients with schizophrenia may account for the increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in this group and supports the potential utility of circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress for risk stratification and management. We investigated this issue by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between the circulating concentrations of paraoxonase-1, an antioxidant calcium-dependent high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated esterase, with paraoxonase and arylesterase activity in schizophrenia. We searched electronic databases from inception to 31 May 2023 for studies investigating paraoxonase-1 in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls and assessed the risk of bias and the certainty of evidence (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023435442). Thirteen studies were identified for analysis. There were no significant between-group differences in paraoxonase (standard mean difference, SMD = 0.12, 95% CI -0.23 to 0.48, p = 0.50; extremely low certainty of evidence) or arylesterase activity (SMD = -0.08, 95% CI -0.39 to 0.23, p = 0.61; very low certainty of evidence). However, in meta-regression and subgroup analysis we observed significant associations between the SMD of paraoxonase and age (p = 0.003), HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.029), and study country (p = 0.04), and the SMD of arylesterase and age (p = 0.007), body mass index (p = 0.012), HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.002), and pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia (p < 0.001). In the absence of overall between-group differences, our systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that alterations in paraoxonase-1 may reflect a pro-oxidant state in specific subgroups of patients with schizophrenia that require further assessment in appropriately designed studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefania Sedda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.Z.); (S.S.)
| | - Arduino A. Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Flinders Medical Centre, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia
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3
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Tasnim S, Nyholt DR. Migraine and thyroid dysfunction: Co-occurrence, shared genes and biological mechanisms. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:1815-1827. [PMID: 36807966 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Migraine and thyroid dysfunction, particularly hypothyroidism, are common medical conditions and are known to have high heritability. Thyroid function measures, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4), are also known to be genetically influenced. Although observational epidemiological studies report an increased co-occurrence of migraine and thyroid dysfunction, a clear and combined interpretation of the findings is currently lacking. A narrative review is provided of the epidemiological and genetic association evidence linking migraine, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and thyroid hormones TSH and fT4. METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed database for epidemiological, candidate gene and genome-wide association studies using the terms migraine, headache, thyroid hormones, TSH, fT4, thyroid function, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. RESULTS Epidemiological studies suggest a bidirectional relationship between migraine and thyroid dysfunction. However, the nature of the relationship remains unclear, with some studies suggesting migraine increases the risk for thyroid dysfunction whilst other studies suggest the reverse. Early candidate gene studies have provided nominal evidence for MTHFR and APOE, whilst more recently genome-wide association studies have provided robust evidence for THADA and ITPK1 being associated with both migraine and thyroid dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS These genetic associations improve our understanding of the genetic relationship between migraine and thyroid dysfunction, provide an opportunity to develop biomarkers to identify migraine patients most likely to benefit from thyroid hormone therapy, and indicate that further cross-trait genetic studies have excellent potential to provide biological insight into their relationship and inform clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Tasnim
- Statistical and Genomic Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- Statistical and Genomic Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, and Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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4
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Serum Paraoxonase-1 Activity in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Brachytherapy as a Measure of Irradiation Efficacy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020212. [PMID: 36829771 PMCID: PMC9951881 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated changes in the activity of antioxidant paraoxonase-1 (PON1) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing radiotherapy (RT), as well as the relationship of the PON1 activity with the degree of PCa advancement. We included 84 men with PCa. Blood samples were obtained before irradiation and after the completion of RT. The control group was composed of 60 healthy men. There was no significant difference in the PON1 activity between the control group and patients pre-radiotherapy. Irradiation was associated with a significant decrease in the PON1 activity; thus, it could be a measure of the efficacy of RT. No significant correlations between the PON1 activity and Gleason score, prostate volume, BMI (body mass index), or adipose tissue thickness were found. However, there was a positive correlation between the PON1 activity and the PSA concentration in the group of PCa patients.
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Kumari S, Singh R, Chandra S, Mehndiratta M, Debnath E, Dhamija RK. Association of Paraoxonase-2 (C1053G) Gene Polymorphism with the Expression of Paraoxonase-2 Gene in Patients of Ischemic Stroke - A Pilot Study in Indian Population. Neurol India 2022; 70:1575-1579. [PMID: 36076661 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.355082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Oxidative stress plays an important role in atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke. Due to antioxidant properties of Paraoxonase-2, we studied the implication of Paraoxonase-2 gene polymorphism (C1053G) on expression of Paraoxonase-2 gene at mRNA level in ischemic stroke patients. Material and Methods 40 patients of ischemic stroke and 40 age and sex-matched controls were included. Paraoxonase-2 genotypes were evaluated by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and expression of Paraoxonase-2 gene at mRNA level was determined by quantitative real time Polymerase Chain Reaction analysed as delta-CT (△CT). Result and Discussion The observed allele frequencies in patients for C and G allele were 0.61 and 0.39 respectively, and were 0.72 and 0.28 in control group. No significant association was found in C allele of C1053G polymorphism and ischemic stroke. The average △ CT value is significantly (p = 0.0001) higher in patients group (7.68 ± 2.0) as compared to controls (5.70 ± 1.8). We found a significant difference in the average delta-CT value (p = 0.0001), wherein down-regulated paraoxonase-2 gene expression (approximately 0.25 fold) was observed in case of patients as compared to controls. Down-regulated expression of paraoxonase-2 gene was observed in patients with GG genotype as compared to CG and CC genotypes in patients with ischemic stroke (p = 0.0001). Conclusion Down-regulated Paraoxonase-2 gene expression, as evidenced by low mRNA levels in GG genotype may be one of the contributory factors in the progression of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudhir Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Mehndiratta
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ekta Debnath
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajinder K Dhamija
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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6
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Imran I, Ansari A, Saleem S, Azhar A, Zehra S. Insights of OPs and PYR cytotoxic potential Invitro and genotoxic impact on PON1 genetic variant among exposed workers in Pakistan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9498. [PMID: 35680920 PMCID: PMC9184543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Different pesticide chemicals are used to enhance crop yield by protecting from pests. Organophosphate (OPs) and Pyrethroid (PYR) are used in fields of Sanghar, Sindh Pakistan. PON1 an antioxidant enzyme implicated in OPs detoxification may predispose by OPs chronic exposure. This study was conducted to evaluate the toxic potential of active pesticide chemicals at cellular and genetic levels. To examine toxic potential, locally consumed pesticide n = 2 and reference pesticide compounds organophosphate (OPs): Chloropyrifos, Malathion and Pyrethroid (PYR): Cyprmethrin, Cyhalothrin n = 4 were tested against NIH 3T3 cells using MTS assay. Local consumer pesticides demonstrated relevance for half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) 0.00035 mg/mL with selected compound. Malathion IC50 exhibited the highest cytotoxicity among four compounds at 0.0005 mg/mL. On genotoxicity analysis in exposed subjects n = 100 genotypes and alleles n = 200 exhibited significant differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies of pesticide exposed subjects and controls n = 150 (X2 = 22.9, p = 0.001). Screening of genotypes were performed by PCR- RFLP. Statistical assessment carried out using online software and tools. Results suggested that higher heterozygous genotype A/G (74%) may confer low PON1 metabolic activity towards pesticides in exposed subjects. Findings could be helpful to establish health plans by avoiding toxic chemicals that harming exposed population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Imran
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Ansari
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saima Saleem
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Abid Azhar
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sitwat Zehra
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Ginseng ® Alleviates Malathion-Induced Hepatorenal Injury through Modulation of the Biochemical, Antioxidant, Anti-Apoptotic, and Anti-Inflammatory Markers in Male Rats. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12050771. [PMID: 35629437 PMCID: PMC9144712 DOI: 10.3390/life12050771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to see if Ginseng® can reduce the hepatorenal damage caused by malathion. Four groups of forty male Wistar albino rats were alienated. Group 1 was a control group that got orally supplied corn oil (vehicle). Group 2 was intoxicated by malathion dissolved in corn oil orally at 135 mg/kg/day. Group 3 orally received both malathion + Panax Ginseng® (300 mg/kg/day). Group 4 was orally given Panax Ginseng® at a 300 mg/kg/day dose. Treatments were administered daily and continued for up to 30 consecutive days. Malathion's toxic effect on both hepatic and renal tissues was revealed by a considerable loss in body weight and biochemically by a marked increase in liver enzymes, LDH, ACP, cholesterol, and functional renal markers with a marked decrease in serum TP, albumin, and TG levels with decreased AchE and Paraoxonase activity. Additionally, malondialdehydes, nitric oxide (nitrite), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, and TNFα with a significant drop in the antioxidant activities were reported in the malathion group. Malathion upregulated the inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic genes, while Nrf2, Bcl2, and HO-1 were downregulated. Ginseng® and malathion co-treatment reduced malathion's harmful effects by restoring metabolic indicators, enhancing antioxidant pursuit, lowering the inflammatory reaction, and alleviating pathological alterations. So, Ginseng® may have protective effects against hepatic and renal malathion-induced toxicity on biochemical, antioxidant, molecular, and cell levels.
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8
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Dhamija R, Gupta A, Saluja A, Saraswathy K, Imnameren L, Yadav S. PON1 (Paraoxonase 1) Q192R gene polymorphism in ischemic stroke among North Indian population. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2022; 25:100-105. [PMID: 35342250 PMCID: PMC8954313 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_571_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: PON1 is an High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-associated esterase. Two common polymorphisms in the PON1 gene, Q192R and L55M substitutions, determine the inter-individual variation in PON1 activity. The association of these polymorphisms with the risk of ischemic stroke remains controversial. In the present study, the role of PON1 Q192R gene polymorphism in ischemic stroke was studied in the Indian population. Design and Methods: In the present case-control study, the PON1 Q192R gene polymorphism was screened in ischemic stroke patients (n: 63) and age, sex-matched controls (n: 63) using thePolymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Segment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Results: The mean age of stroke presentation was 58.11 ± 15.4 years. A total of 17.4% cases presented with young stroke (<45 years age) and 9.52% cases were seen to have a recurrent stroke. The distribution of -192Q/R PON1 gene polymorphism was not seen to differ between cases and controls. The traditional stroke risk factors did not have any effect on the PON1 genotype expression. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was done in order to assess an independent association of age, gender, traditional stroke risk factors, and PON1 polymorphism with acute ischemic stroke. However, neither the RR genotype nor the presence of the R allele was associated with an increase in the risk of acute ischemic stroke (OR [RR genotype]-4.76, P value: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.3497–64.8531; OR [R allele]-0.94, P value: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.3516–2.4989). Conclusion: PON1 Q192R gene polymorphism is not associated with an increased risk of acute ischemic stroke in the North Indian population. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed before PON1 Q192R gene polymorphism can be considered as a genetic risk factor for ischemic stroke.
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9
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SEYFETTİNOĞLU S, ŞAHİN G, AKDOĞAN A, TAVMERGEN GÖKER EN, AKÇAY Y, Y. SÖZMEN E, TAVMERGEN E. Role of total antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in fertilization and embryo selection in the IVF cycle. CUKUROVA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.17826/cumj.979955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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10
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Negrati M, Razza C, Biasini C, Di Nunzio C, Vancini A, Dall’Asta M, Lovotti G, Trevisi E, Rossi F, Cavanna L. Mediterranean Diet Affects Blood Circulating Lipid-Soluble Micronutrients and Inflammatory Biomarkers in a Cohort of Breast Cancer Survivors: Results from the SETA Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103482. [PMID: 34684483 PMCID: PMC8539583 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health concern and substantial research has shown that adhering to a healthy dietary pattern, such as the Mediterranean Diet (MD), may prevent the onset of cancer and BC relapses. This study aims at specifically investigating the association of MD with circulating dietary-related biomarkers in a cohort of BC survivors. Eighty patients (mean age of 54.9 ± 10.6) with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of BC who had not received any pharmacological or radiotherapy treatment for at least two months were enrolled. Fasting serum lipid-soluble vitamins (retinol, tocopherol), plant pigments (β-carotene, lutein + zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, lycopene), inflammatory and oxidative stress markers (ceruloplasmin; haptoglobin; paraoxonases; reactive oxygen molecule; thiol groups, Ferric reducing antioxidant power), and cardiometabolic parameters (body mass index (BMI); glucose; insulin; HOMA-IR; total cholesterol; LDL-cholesterol; HDL-cholesterol; triglycerides) were analyzed. Adherence to the MD was assessed through the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were collected for the evaluation of selected biomarkers. MDS resulted positively correlated with β-carotene (r 0.331; p < 0.01) and lycopene (r 0.274; p < 0.05) and negatively with retinol (r −0.346; p < 0.05). Among the investigated inflammatory biomarkers, MDS was only correlated with antioxidant capacity (r 0.256; p < 0.05), while none of the investigated cardiometabolic parameters were significantly correlated with this index. The strong significant correlation between β-carotene and MDS encourages us to consider this pro-vitamin as a putative biomarker to take into account for evaluating the adherence to the MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Negrati
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medicine Department, “G. da Saliceto” Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (M.N.); (C.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Claudia Razza
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medicine Department, “G. da Saliceto” Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (M.N.); (C.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Claudia Biasini
- Oncology Unit, Onco-Hematology Department, “G. da Saliceto” Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (C.B.); (C.D.N.)
| | - Camilla Di Nunzio
- Oncology Unit, Onco-Hematology Department, “G. da Saliceto” Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (C.B.); (C.D.N.)
| | - Alessandra Vancini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Medicine Department, “G. da Saliceto” Hospital, Via Taverna 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy; (M.N.); (C.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Margherita Dall’Asta
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.D.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Giorgia Lovotti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.D.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.D.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (L.C.)
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.D.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0523-599286
| | - Luigi Cavanna
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (M.D.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (L.C.)
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Werder EJ, Engel LS, Curry MD, Sandler DP. Selenium modifies associations between multiple metals and neurologic symptoms in Gulf states residents. Environ Epidemiol 2020; 4:e115. [PMID: 33336134 PMCID: PMC7727467 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metals have been shown to have a wide range of neurologic effects across the life course, but most studies consider neurodevelopment or neurodegenerative diseases in older adults. We investigated exposure to metals during adulthood in association with subclinical neurologic endpoints, considering the metals individually and as a mixture, and potential interactions among exposures. METHODS We measured blood levels of cadmium, lead, mercury, manganese, and selenium in 1007 Gulf state residents and estimated cross-sectional associations between ranked levels of blood metals and the presence of self-reported neurologic symptoms. Single pollutant models were mutually adjusted for other metals and we used quantile g-computation to evaluate associations with exposure to the combined mixture. In stratified analyses, we assessed heterogeneity by smoking and blood selenium. RESULTS The highest quartile of cadmium was associated with a higher prevalence of central nervous system symptoms (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13, 1.99), with stronger associations among nonsmokers (PR = 1.63; 95% CI = 1.11, 2.38) and those with low selenium (PR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.50, 3.49). Selenium also modified associations between lead and peripheral nervous system symptoms, with increased symptoms in the low selenium group at all quartiles of exposure (P-trend = 0.07). Conversely, those with the highest co-exposure to mercury and selenium had reduced neurologic symptoms (PR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.55, 0.96). Results of the mixture analysis were consistent with single chemical results. CONCLUSIONS Cadmium exhibited the most consistent relationship with increased neurologic symptoms, though lead was an important exposure in subgroup analyses. Selenium may modify subclinical neurotoxic effects of metals at non-occupational levels in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Werder
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Lawrence S. Engel
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Dale P. Sandler
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, DHHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Abudayyak M, Boran T, Tukel R, Oztas E, Özhan G. The Role of PON1 Variants in Disease Susceptibility in a Turkish Population. Glob Med Genet 2020; 7:41-46. [PMID: 32939514 PMCID: PMC7490120 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme plays a major role in antioxidant defense and protects the cells against reactive species. The most common
PON1
Q192R and L55M polymorphisms are responsible for a wide variation of PON1 activity, which showed an up to 13-fold interindividual variation among the same genotype.
PON1
genotypes were evaluated with the development of pancreatitis, colorectal cancer, and hypothyroidism in a hospital-based, case-control study. Individuals with rs662
G
allele had a two-fold risk of developing hypothyroidism. A weak association was found between rs854560
T
allele and pancreatitis. The results were preliminary. Further studies with a larger number and detailed biochemical parameters are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abudayyak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Boran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Tukel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Oztas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gül Özhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Liu P, Wang Q, Cui Y, Wang J. A meta-analysis of the relationship between paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms and cancer. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:1045-1050. [PMID: 31762361 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1645956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Some previous studies already explored associations between paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms and cancer, with conflicting findings. Here, we aimed to better analyse the relationship between PON1 polymorphisms and cancer in a larger combined population by performing a meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for related articles. We calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to estimate whether there are genetic associations between PON1 polymorphisms and cancer. Forty studies were included for this meta-analysis. The PON1 rs854560 polymorphism (L55M) was found to be significantly associated with cancer in general population (dominant comparison: p = .04, OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.73-0.99; recessive comparison: p = .007, OR = 1.27, 95%CI 1.07-1.51; allele comparison: p = 0.02, OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.75-0.97). Subgroup analyses indicated that the significant findings were mainly driven by the haematological tumours and breast cancer subgroups. We did not observe any positive findings for PON1 rs662 polymorphism (Q192R) in combined analyses. In summary, this meta-analysis proved that PON1 rs854560 polymorphism could be used to identify individual with elevated susceptibility to cancer, especially for haematological tumours and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi, PR China
| | - Qishun Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Changyi People's Hospital, Changyi, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, PR China
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Saccol RDSP, da Silveira KL, Manzoni AG, Abdalla FH, de Oliveira JS, Dornelles GL, Barbisan F, Passos DF, Casali EA, de Andrade CM, da Cruz IBM, Leal DBR. Antioxidant, hepatoprotective, genoprotective, and cytoprotective effects of quercetin in a murine model of arthritis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2792-2801. [PMID: 31691375 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a highly debilitating inflammatory autoimmune disease which is characterized by joint destruction. The present study sought to investigate the effect of quercetin in rats with complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis. Animals were divided into control/saline, control/quercetin (5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg) arthritis/saline, and arthritis/quercetin (5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg); the treatments were administered for 45 days. Biochemical, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity parameters were evaluated. All doses of quercetin reduced the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and reactive oxygen species; however, only treatment with 25 or 50 mg/kg increased catalase activity. Total thiol and reduced glutathione levels were not significantly affected by the induction nor by the treatments. Genotoxicity assessed by DNA damage, and cytotoxicity through picogreen assay, decreased after treatments with quercetin. Our results present evidence of the antioxidant, cytoprotective, genoprotective and hepatoprotective, and effects of quercetin, demonstrating its potential as a candidate for coadjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata da Silva Pereira Saccol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Karine Lanes da Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Alessandra Guedes Manzoni
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Fátima Husein Abdalla
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Juliana Sorraila de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Guilherme Lopes Dornelles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Barbisan
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Biogenômica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Daniela Ferreira Passos
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Emerson André Casali
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | - Cinthia Melazzo de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Departamento de Pequenos Animais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Ivana Beatrice Mânica da Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gerontologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Biogenômica, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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15
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Zhao F, Yue Y, Jiang H, Yuan Y. Shared genetic risk factors for depression and stroke. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 93:55-70. [PMID: 30898617 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) and stroke are common in clinic. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting a bi-directional relationship between stroke and depression. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between MDD and stroke are poorly investigated. Considering that both MDD and stroke can be heritable and are influenced by multiple risk genes, shared genetic risk factors between MDD and stroke may exist. OBJECTIVE The objective is to review the existing evidence for common genetic risk factors for both MDD and stroke and to outline the possible pathophysiological mechanisms mediating this association. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed. Gene association studies regarding stroke and depression were searched in the database PubMed, CNKI, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database before December 2018. Statistical analysis was performed using the software Revman 5.3. RESULTS Genetic polymorphisms of 4 genes, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) have been demonstrated to associate with the increased risk for both MDD and stroke, while the association between identified polymorphisms in angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and serum paraoxonase (PON1) with depression is still under debate, for the existing studies are insufficient in sample size. These results suggest the possible pathophysiological mechanisms that are common to these two disorders, including immune-inflammatory imbalance, increased oxidative and nitrative stress, dysregulation of lipoprotein and lipid metabolism, and changes of cerebrovascular morphology and function. Other associated genes with few or conflicting results have also been included, and a few studies have investigated the effects of the described polymorphisms on MDD and stroke comorbidity, such as post stroke depression. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that shared genetic pathways may contribute to the comorbidity of MDD and stroke. Studies to evaluate the shared genetic variations between MDD and stroke may provide insights into the molecular mechanisms that trigger disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Zhao
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medical, Institute of Psychosomatics, Southeast University, China
| | - Yingying Yue
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medical, Institute of Psychosomatics, Southeast University, China
| | - Haitang Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medical, Institute of Psychosomatics, Southeast University, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medical, Institute of Psychosomatics, Southeast University, China.
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16
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Zeng Q, Zeng J. A meta-analysis on relationship between paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Life Sci 2019; 232:116646. [PMID: 31302193 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some previous studies already explored associations between paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), with conflicting findings. Here, we aimed to better analyze the relationship between PON1 polymorphisms and ASCVD in a larger combined population by performing a meta-analysis. METHODS We searched Pubmed, Embase and Web of Science for related articles. We calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to estimate whether there are genetic associations between PON1 polymorphisms and ASCVD. RESULTS One hundred and nine studies were included for this meta-analysis. The PON1 rs854560 (17,220 cases and 18,570 controls, recessive comparison: OR = 0.83, 95%CI 0.72-0.96) and rs662 (30,717 cases and 54,894 controls, dominant comparison: OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.77-0.89; recessive comparison: OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.07-1.28; allele comparison: OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.81-0.90) polymorphisms were both found to be significantly associated with susceptibility to ASCVD in general population. Subgroup analyses by ethnicity revealed similar significant findings for rs854560 polymorphism only in East Asians, while similar positive findings for rs662 polymorphism were observed in Caucasians, East Asians and South Asians. Subgroup analyses by type of disease indicated that the significant findings for rs854560 polymorphism were mainly driven by the ischemic stroke (IS) subgroup, whereas the positive results for rs662 polymorphism were mainly driven by the coronary artery disease (CAD) subgroup. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this meta-analysis proved that PON1 rs854560 polymorphism could be used to identify individual with elevated susceptibility to IS, whereas rs662 polymorphism could be used to identify individual with elevated susceptibility to CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Zeng
- Center of General Practice, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Zeng
- Center of General Practice, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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17
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Intermittent Fasting in Cardiovascular Disorders-An Overview. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030673. [PMID: 30897855 PMCID: PMC6471315 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent fasting is a form of time restricted eating (typically 16 h fasting and 8 h eating), which has gained popularity in recent years and shows promise as a possible new paradigm in the approach to weight loss and the reduction of inflammation, and has many potential long term health benefits. In this review, the authors will incorporate many aspects of fasting, mainly focusing on its effects on the cardiovascular system, involving atherosclerosis progression, benefits for diabetes mellitus type 2, lowering of blood pressure, and exploring other cardiovascular risk factors (such as lipid profile and inflammation).
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18
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Qujeq D, Mahrooz A, Alizadeh A, Boorank R. Paraoxonase-2 variants potentially influence insulin resistance, beta-cell function, and their interrelationships with alanine aminotransferase in type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 23:107. [PMID: 30693042 PMCID: PMC6327680 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_88_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether insulin resistance, beta-cell function, and their associations with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are affected by the functional variants of paraoxonase-2 (PON2) as an intracellular antioxidant in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Materials and Methods: Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and homeostasis model assessment for beta-cell function (HOMA-BCF) were assessed in T2D patients. Insulin levels were determined using ELISA. The variants PON2-A148G and PON2-S311C were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: According to the PON2-G148A variant, ALT was found to be significantly correlated with QUICKI (r = −0.616, P = 0.005) and HOMA-BCF (r = 0.573, P = 0.01) in the GA + GG group; however, the correlations were not statistically significant in the AA genotypes. Based on the genotypes of PON2-S311C, there was a significant correlation between ALT with QUICKI (r = −0.540, P = 0.031) and HOMA-BCF (r = 0.567, P = 0.022) in the SC + CC group. In the multiple adjusted logistic regression analyses, considering the variants PON2-G148A and PON2-C311S as independent variables and QUICKI and HOMA-BCF as the dependent variables, both variants were significantly associated with the QUICKI (P = 0.019 for PON2-G148A and P = 0.041 for PON2-C311S). Furthermore, PON2-C311S remained significantly associated with HOMA-BCF (P = 0.03). Conclusion: These data implicate a role for the functional variants of PON2 in insulin resistance and beta-cell function as well as underscore the effective role of these variants in the associations between them and ALT. Our data contribute to our understanding of the important physiologic functions of PON2 in glucose metabolism and its related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Mahrooz
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahad Alizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ruzbeh Boorank
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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19
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Huen K, Solomon O, Kogut K, Eskenazi B, Holland N. PON1 DNA methylation and neurobehavior in Mexican-American children with prenatal organophosphate exposure. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:31-40. [PMID: 30172926 PMCID: PMC6242297 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PON1 is a multifunctional enzyme involved in oxidative stress and detoxification of some organophosphate (OP) pesticides. It has been associated with nervous system diseases like Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and autism. We previously found that PON1 susceptible genotypes were associated with lower IQ scores in children. Epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, can regulate gene expression. Yet, data on whether DNA methylation may influence the relationship between PON1 levels and neurobehavior are limited. In this study, we used Illumina 450K and EPIC BeadChip arrays to assess PON1 DNA methylation in blood specimens collected from children (n = 238) at birth (cord blood) and age 7 years and examined their relationship with cognitive outcomes. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children was used to assess Full Scale IQ and four composite measures (Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning, Working Memory, and Processing Speed Indexes) in 7-year-old children. We observed a consistent yet nonsignificant inverse relationship of methylation at several CpG sites close to the PON1 transcription start site with Full Scale IQ and other composite measures of cognition. We also found an inverse relationship between cord blood methylation at cg15887283 with working memory and a positive association of 7-year-old methylation at cg22798737 with processing speed, independent of OP exposure. However, none of the associations remained significant after accounting for multiple comparisons. This study provides some evidence of the role DNA methylation may play in the known relationship between PON1 and neurobehavior in children, however it appears to be only suggestive and warrants additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Huen
- Children's Environmental Health Laboratory, Global Berkeley Campus, 1301 S. 46th Street, Bldg 112, Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
| | - Olivia Solomon
- Children's Environmental Health Laboratory, Global Berkeley Campus, 1301 S. 46th Street, Bldg 112, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 1995 University Avenue Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- Children's Environmental Health Laboratory, Global Berkeley Campus, 1301 S. 46th Street, Bldg 112, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
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20
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Kim WS, He Y, Phan K, Ahmed RM, Rye KA, Piguet O, Hodges JR, Halliday GM. Altered High Density Lipoprotein Composition in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:847. [PMID: 30487733 PMCID: PMC6246632 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common cause of early onset dementia with behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) being the most common form. bvFTD is characterized clinically by behavioral and personality changes, eating abnormalities, and pathologically, by systemic lipid dysregulation that impacts on survival. As lipoprotein metabolism is at the core of lipid dysregulation, here, we analyzed the composition, both proteins and lipids, of the two major lipoprotein classes in blood – high density lipoproteins (HDLs) and low density lipoproteins (LDLs). Fasted plasmas from bvFTD and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and controls were fractionated using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and samples analyzed by lipid assays, ELISA and western blotting. We found that apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) levels in HDLs were decreased in bvFTD compared to controls, whereas apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels in LDLs were unaltered. We also found that cholesterol and triglyceride levels in FPLC fractions were altered in bvFTD compared to controls. The apoB:apoA-I ratio and the standard lipid ratios were significantly increased in bvFTD compared to AD and controls. Furthermore, we found that plasma apolipoprotein C-I and paraoxonase 1 levels were significantly altered in bvFTD and AD, respectively, compared controls. This study represents the first apolipoprotein analysis of bvFTD, and our results suggest altered HDL function and elevated cardiovascular disease risk in bvFTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Scott Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying He
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Phan
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebekah M Ahmed
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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21
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Efrat M, Stein A, Pinkas H, Breitbart H, Unger R, Birk R. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) attenuates sperm hyperactivity and spontaneous acrosome reaction. Andrology 2018; 7:24-30. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Efrat
- Department of Nutrition Faculty of Health Sciences Ariel University ArielIsrael
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat‐GanIsrael
| | - A. Stein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Infertility and In Vitro Fertilization Unit Belinson Medical Center Petah Tiqva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv‐Yafo Israel
| | - H. Pinkas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Infertility and In Vitro Fertilization Unit Belinson Medical Center Petah Tiqva Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv‐Yafo Israel
| | - H. Breitbart
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat‐GanIsrael
| | - R. Unger
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences Bar Ilan University Ramat‐GanIsrael
| | - R. Birk
- Department of Nutrition Faculty of Health Sciences Ariel University ArielIsrael
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22
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Idrees M, Siddiq AR, Ajmal M, Akram M, Khalid RR, Hussain A, Qamar R, Bokhari H. Decreased serum PON1 arylesterase activity in familial hypercholesterolemia patients with a mutated LDLR gene. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:570-577. [PMID: 30044465 PMCID: PMC6136370 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a serum enzyme associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) regulation through its paraoxonase and arylesterase activity. PON1 inhibits the oxidation of HDL and low density lipoprotein (LDL), and is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including atherosclerosis. Conversely, mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) result in failure of receptor mediated endocytosis of LDL leading to its elevated plasma levels and onset of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). In the current study we investigated the role of PON1 polymorphisms rs662; c.575A > G (p.Gln192Arg) and rs854560; c.163T > A (p.Leu55Met) in a large family having FH patients harboring a functional mutation in LDLR. Genotypes were revealed by RFLP, followed by confirmation through Sanger sequencing. PON1 activity was measure by spectrophotometry. Our results show significantly reduced serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in FH patients compared with the healthy individuals of the family (p < 0.05). PON1 QQ192 genotype showed a significantly higher association with FH (p=0.0002). PON1 Q192 isoform was associated with reduced serum paraoxonase activity by in silico analysis and PON1 R192 exhibited higher serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activity than the other polymorphs. Our results highlight that the combination of LDLR mutations and PON1 MMQQ genotypes may lead to severe cardiac events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Idrees
- COMSAT Institute of Information Tecnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ajmal
- COMSAT Institute of Information Tecnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- COMSAT Institute of Information Tecnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Alamdar Hussain
- COMSAT Institute of Information Tecnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Qamar
- COMSAT Institute of Information Tecnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Habib Bokhari
- COMSAT Institute of Information Tecnology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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23
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Ramírez-Jiménez R, Martínez-Salazar MF, Almenares-López D, Yáñez-Estrada L, Monroy-Noyola A. Relationship Between Paraoxonase-1 and Butyrylcholinesterase Activities and Nutritional Status in Mexican Children. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2018; 16:90-96. [PMID: 29393817 DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The enzymes butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) are the primary bioscavenging enzymes in serum and exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. PON1 has been associated with diseases caused by high oxidative stress, whereas BuChE appears to be involved in the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome and related disorders. It has been suggested that children from rural communities in Mexico may have a predisposition to develop obesity or type 2 diabetes during adolescence or adulthood. The objective of this study was to determine whether associations exist between the paraoxonase (PONase)/arylesterase (AREase) activity of PON1, its PON1-Q192R and PON1-L55M polymorphisms, and BuChE activity with the nutritional status and lipid profiles in a group of children from rural communities in Mexico. METHODS A group of 97 boys and girls from a rural community in Mexico were assessed for body mass index, the enzymatic activities of BuChE, PONase, and AREase were measured in serum, and their lipid profiles were determined. Genetic polymorphisms of PON1-L55M and PON1-Q192R were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS The children were classified into four groups: thinness, normal weight, overweight, and obese. Of the children studied, 34.4% were overweight and obese. The mean age of the participants was 9.5 years (standard deviation = 1.8). The L allele of the PON1-L55M genotype was the most frequent (83.3%), and the R allele of the PON1-Q192R genotype was the most frequent (61.8%). Overweight and obese children had higher values of BuChE, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) values than children with thinness or normal weight (P = 0.028, P = 0.019, P = 0.004, P = 0.069 and P = 0.021, respectively). The levels of AREase and PONase and the prevalence of PON1-L55M and PON1-Q192R genotypes were similar between groups (P = 0.484 and P = 0.380, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study establishes a positive association of BuChE activity with nutritional status and serum TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Ramírez-Jiménez
- 1 Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR) Unidad Michoacán, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Michoacán, Mexico
| | | | - Damianys Almenares-López
- 3 División Ciencias Agropecuarias e Ingenierías de la Universidad Popular de la Chontalpa , Cárdenas, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Leticia Yáñez-Estrada
- 4 Laboratorio de Género, Salud y Ambiente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí , San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Antonio Monroy-Noyola
- 5 Laboratorio de Neuroprotección, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos , Cuernavaca, Mexico
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Pop B, Niculae AȘ, Pop TL, Răchișan AL. Individuals with autism have higher 8-Iso-PGF2α levels than controls, but no correlation with quantitative assay of Paraoxonase 1 serum levels. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1943-1950. [PMID: 28808839 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a very large set of neurodevelopmental issues with diverse clinical outcomes. Various hypotheses have been put forth for the etiology of autism spectrum disorder, including issues pertaining to oxidative stress. In this study, we conducted measurements of serum 8-Iso-Prostaglanding F2 α (8-iso-PGF2α, which is the results of non-enzimatically mediated polyunsaturated fatty acid oxidation) in a population of individuals with autism and a control group of age and sex matched controls. A quantitative assay of Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) was conducted. Data regarding comorbidities, structural MRI scans, medication, intelligence quotient (IQ) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale scores (CARS) were also included in our study. Our results show that patients diagnosed with autism have higher levels of 8-iso-PGF2α than their neurotypical counterparts. Levels of this particular metabolite, however, do not correlate with quantitative serum levels of Paraoxonase 1, which has been shown to be altered in individuals with autism. Neither 8-iso-PGF2α nor quantitative levels of PON1 provide any meaningful correlation with clinical or neuroimaging data in this study group. Future research should focus on providing data regarding PON 1 phenotype, in addition to standard quantitative measurements, in relation to 8-iso-PGF2α as well as other clinical and structural brain findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Pop
- Department of Pediatrics Psychiatry, Iuliu Hatieganu University Of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ospatariei Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Ștefan Niculae
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Pediatrics Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Crisan Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Tudor Lucian Pop
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Pediatrics Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Crisan Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Liana Răchișan
- Department of Pediatrics, 2nd Pediatrics Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 3-5 Crisan Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Nie Y, Luo D, Yang M, Wang Y, Xiong L, Gao L, Liu Y, Liu H. A Meta-Analysis on the Relationship of the PON Genes and Alzheimer Disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2017; 30:303-310. [PMID: 28954597 DOI: 10.1177/0891988717731825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the association of the paraoxonase (PON) gene variants and Alzheimer disease (AD) using meta-analysis. METHODS Relevant studies were identified by searching English and Chinese databases extensively. Allele and genotype frequencies for each included study were extracted. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was employed to assess the quality of included studies. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated using a random-effects or fixed-effects model. A Q statistic was used to evaluate homogeneity, and Egger test and funnel plot were used to assess publication bias. RESULTS A total of 15 studies (involving 5 polymorphisms) were included and identified for the current meta-analysis. The NOS scores ranged from 7 to 8, meaning good quality of studies. It was found that the SS genotype of PON2 S311C polymorphism had an significant association with AD in the studied population (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68-0.99, P = .04), and the A allele of PON1 rs705379 polymorphism was positively related to AD in Caucasian population (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05-1.39, P = .009) as well as the GG genotype decreased AD risk significantly in Caucasians (OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.56-0.88, P = .002). However, there was no significant relationship between other 3 genetic variants of PON genes (L55 M, Q192 R, and -161C/T of PON1 gene) and AD. CONCLUSION Existing evidence indicates that the S311C polymorphism (SS genotype) and the rs705379 (the A allele and GG genotype) are associated with risk of AD in studied population. Future studies with larger sample sizes will be necessary to confirm the present results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Nie
- 1 Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Luo
- 1 Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC), Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- 3 Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xiong
- 4 Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gao
- 5 Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Medical University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- 5 Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Medical University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- 1 Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China.,5 Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Southwest Medical University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Almeida Lopes ACB, Urbano MR, Souza-Nogueira AD, Oliveira-Paula GH, Michelin AP, Carvalho MDFH, Camargo AEI, Peixe TS, Cabrera MAS, Paoliello MMB. Association of lead, cadmium and mercury with paraoxonase 1 activity and malondialdehyde in a general population in Southern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 156:674-682. [PMID: 28477577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal exposure is associated with increased oxidative stress (OS), which is considered an underlying mechanism of metal-induced toxicity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a final product of lipid peroxidation, and it has been extensively used to evaluate metal-induced OS. Pro-oxidant effects produced by metals can be mitigated by paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an antioxidant enzyme known to prevent cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Among other factors, the Q192R polymorphism and the exposure to heavy metals have been known to alter PON1 activity. Here, we evaluated the association of blood lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) levels with PON1 activity, and with MDA concentrations in a randomly selected sample of Brazilian adults aged 40 years or older, living in an urban area in Southern Brazil. A total of 889 subjects were evaluated for blood Pb and Cd levels, and 832 were tested for Hg. Geometric mean of blood Pb, Cd and Hg was 1.93μg/dL, 0.06μg/L and 1.40μg/L, respectively. PON1 activity was significantly different among various genotypes: QQ (PON1=121.4U/mL), QR (PON1=87.5U/mL), and RR (PON1=55.2U/mL), p<0.001. PON1 genotypes were associated only with Cd blood levels. Those with QR genotype had Cd concentrations higher (0.07μg/L) than those with the RR genotype (0.04μg/L) with p=0.034. However, PON1 activity was not significantly associated with metal concentrations. Cluster analysis showed that men who reported to be current smokers and drinkers with higher blood Pb and Cd levels, had significantly lower PON1 activity than non-smokers or -drinkers, and women with lower Pb and Cd levels. RR genotype carriers had lower PON1 activity than those with the QR genotype, and had higher levels of Pb and Cd compared with other genotype carriers. For blood Hg, no association with PON1 activity or genotype was noted. We found low levels of Pb, Cd and Hg in environmentally exposed Brazilian adults. Cd concentrations were increased in subjects with QR genotype. Those with RR genotype had lower PON1 activity and higher levels of Pb and Cd than other genotype carriers. The results of cluster analysis suggested that smoking status exerts a significant influence on PON1 activity. Other studies with environmentally exposed populations are required to further clarify whether low blood levels of metals influence OS biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André de Souza-Nogueira
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo H Oliveira-Paula
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Michelin
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil.
| | | | - Alissana Ester Iakmiu Camargo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Severo Peixe
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil.
| | | | - Monica Maria Bastos Paoliello
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR 86038-350, Brazil; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA.
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Saeidi M, Shakeri R, Marjani A, Khajeniazi S. Alzheimer's Disease and Paraoxonase 1 ( PON1) Gene Polymorphisms. Open Biochem J 2017; 11:47-55. [PMID: 28694880 PMCID: PMC5481621 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01711010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have indicated that human paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity shows a polymorphic distribution. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of PON1 polymorphism in patients with Alzheimer's disease in Gorgan and compare it with a healthy control group. METHOD The study included 100 healthy individuals and 50 patients. Enzyme activity and genetic polymorphism of PON1 were determined. RESULT There were significant differences in distribution of genotypes and alleles among patients and control group. The most common genotype was CT in patients and control group, while the most frequent alleles were T and C in patients and controls, respectively. There was a statistically significant variation between serum PON1 activity and -108C> T polymorphism. The highest PON1 enzyme activities in the patients and controls were found in CC, while lower enzyme activities were seen in CT and TT genotypes in both genders and age groups. CONCLUSION Onset of Alzheimer's disease may depend on different polymorphisms of the PON1 enzyme. Late or early-onset of Alzheimer's disease may also depend on age and gender distribution, especially for arylesterase enzyme. Further studies on polymorphism of the enzyme are necessary for interpretation of possible polymorphic effects of enzyme on PON1 activity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Saeidi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
| | - Raheleh Shakeri
- Student Research Committee, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
| | - Abdoljalal Marjani
- Student Research Committee, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
| | - Safoura Khajeniazi
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan province, Iran
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Kahraman FU, Torun E, Osmanoğlu NK, Oruçlu S, Özer ÖF. Serum oxidative stress parameters and paraoxonase-1 in children and adolescents exposed to passive smoking. Pediatr Int 2017; 59:68-73. [PMID: 27337344 DOI: 10.1111/ped.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to secondhand smoke is too common in many countries. The mechanism of the detrimental effects of passive smoking on childhood health, however, is poorly described. The purpose of this study was therefore to examine the effect of passive smoking on total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and paraoxonase-1 in children compared with healthy non-passive smokers. METHODS This study included 40 children and adolescents passively exposed to cigarette smoke (as verified on urine cotinines) and 40 age- and gender-matched healthy controls not regularly exposed to cigarette smoke. TAS, TOS, and paraoxonase-1 were all measured, and the oxidative stress index (OSI) calculated for each child to determine the degree of oxidative stress. RESULTS Age and gender distribution were not statistically different between the two groups (P = 0.619 and 0.712, respectively). Urine cotinine/creatinine was significantly higher in the passive smoking group (127.89 ± 57.14 ng/mL) compared with the controls (5.05 ± 16.66 ng/mL; P < 0.001). TAS was not different between the two groups (P = 0.767), but TOS and OSI were significantly higher for the passive smoke-exposed children (P < 0.001), and serum paraoxonase-1 was significantly lower than in the controls (P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Secondhand smoke exposure is associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased paraoxonase-1 without any change in antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emel Torun
- Department of Pediatrics, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Suera Oruçlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Özer
- Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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Chistiakov DA, Melnichenko AA, Orekhov AN, Bobryshev YV. Paraoxonase and atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular diseases. Biochimie 2016; 132:19-27. [PMID: 27771368 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In humans, three paraoxonase (PON1, PON2, and PON3) genes are clustered on chromosome 7 at a locus that spans a distance around 170 kb. These genes are highly homologous to each other and have a similar protein structural organization. PON2 is the intracellular enzyme, which is expressed in many tissues and organs, while two other members of PON gene family are produced by liver and associate with high density lipoprotein (HDL). The lactonase activity is the ancestral. Besides lactones and organic phosphates, PONs can hydrolyze and therefore detoxify oxidized low density lipoprotein and homocysteine thiolactone, i.e. two cytotoxic compounds with a strong proatherogenic action. Indeed, PONs possess numerous atheroprotective properties, which include antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory action, preserving HDL function, stimulation of cholesterol efflux, anti-apoptosis, anti-thrombosis, and anti-adhesion. PON genetic polymorphisms contribute to susceptibility/protection from atherosclerosis-related diseases. The bright antiatherogenic activity of the PON cluster makes it a promising target for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry A Chistiakov
- Department of Molecular Genetic Diagnostics and Cell Biology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Pediatrics, Research Center for Children's Health, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Melnichenko
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, 121609, Russia
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, Moscow, 121609, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia; National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | - Yuri V Bobryshev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, 125315, Russia; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, NSW, 2560, Australia.
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Miller I, Diepenbroek C, Rijntjes E, Renaut J, Teerds KJ, Kwadijk C, Cambier S, Murk AJ, Gutleb AC, Serchi T. Gender specific differences in the liver proteome of rats exposed to short term and low-concentration hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1273-1283. [PMID: 30090431 PMCID: PMC6062380 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00166a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of short term (7-day) exposure of male rats to the brominated flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) was studied by investigation of the liver proteome, both in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats and by comparing results with general data on animal physiology and thyroid hormone, leptin, insulin and gonadotropin concentrations determined in parallel. Proteome analysis of liver tissue by two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) revealed that only small protein pattern changes were induced by exposure in males, on just a few proteins with different functions and not involved in pathways in common. This is in contrast to previous findings in similarly exposed eu- and hypothyroid female rats, where general metabolic pathways had been shown to be affected. The largest gender-dependent effects concerned basal concentrations of liver proteins already in control and hypothyroid animals, involving mainly the pathways which were also differently affected by HBCD exposure. Among them were differences in lipid metabolism, which - upon exposure to HBCD - may also be the reason for the considerably higher ratio of γ-HBCD accumulated in white adipose tissue of exposed female rats compared to males. The results further elucidate the already suggested different sensitivity of genders towards HBCD exposure on the protein level, and confirm the need for undertaking toxicological animal experiments in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Miller
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry , Department for Biomedical Sciences , University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna , Veterinaerplatz 1 , A-1210 Vienna , Austria .
| | - C Diepenbroek
- Wageningen University , Human and Animal Physiology , P.O. Box 338 , 6700 AH Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - E Rijntjes
- Wageningen University , Human and Animal Physiology , P.O. Box 338 , 6700 AH Wageningen , The Netherlands
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Institute of Experimental Endocrinology , Augustenburger Platz 1 , 13353, Berlin , Germany
| | - J Renaut
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department , Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) , 5 , avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux , L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette , Grand-duchy of Luxembourg . ; Tel: +352-470 261
| | - K J Teerds
- Wageningen University , Human and Animal Physiology , P.O. Box 338 , 6700 AH Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - C Kwadijk
- Wageningen Institute for Marine Resources & Ecosystem Studies , IMARES , IJmuiden , The Netherlands
| | - S Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department , Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) , 5 , avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux , L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette , Grand-duchy of Luxembourg . ; Tel: +352-470 261
| | - A J Murk
- Wageningen University , Marine Animal Ecology Group , De Elst 1 , 6708 WD Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - A C Gutleb
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department , Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) , 5 , avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux , L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette , Grand-duchy of Luxembourg . ; Tel: +352-470 261
| | - T Serchi
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department , Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) , 5 , avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux , L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette , Grand-duchy of Luxembourg . ; Tel: +352-470 261
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Downregulation of paraoxonase 3 contributes to aggressive human hepatocellular carcinoma progression and associates with poor prognosis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14193-14203. [PMID: 27553024 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase (PON) enzymes possess antioxidant properties and protect against cardiovascular diseases. As a member of PON family, PON3 is primarily synthesized in the liver and poorly investigated. This study aimed to examine the expression of PON3 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and investigate the clinical significance and biological function of PON3 in HCC patients. We first analyzed PON3 expression in 50 paired HCC samples (HCC tissues vs matched para-cancerous tissues) and 160 clinical HCC specimens by using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Our results showed that the expression of PON3 was downregulated in HCC and significantly associated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, tumor size, and tumor number. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses showed that PON3 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR). Finally, we aimed to reveal the biological function of PON3 in HCC growth and metastasis, and our results showed that overexpression of PON3 potently inhibited growth and metastasis of HCC. Collectively, our study demonstrated that PON3 exhibited tumor-suppressive effects toward HCC and it might serve as a novel prognostic marker in HCC.
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Ahmed NS, Shafik NM, Elraheem OA, Abou-Elnoeman SEA. Association of paraoxonase-1(Q192R and L55M) gene polymorphisms and activity with colorectal cancer and effect of surgical intervention. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:803-9. [PMID: 25684529 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.2.803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Oxidative DNA damage may contribute to cancer risk and the antioxidant paraoxonase is one endogenous free radical scavenger in the human body which could therefore exert an influeence. PURPOSE Aim of this study was to determine the role of serum arylesterase (ARE) and paraoxonase 1(PON1) activities in CRC patients and to find any association between (PON1) Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms in CRC patients. Also the serum ARE and PON1 activities in CRC patients will be investigated before and after surgery Materials and Methods: This study involved a total of 50 patients with newly diagnosed CRC and 80 healthy controls. PON1 and ARE activities were determined using an enzymatic spectrophotometric method. PON1 Q192R and L55M gene polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) based restriction fragment analysis. The restriction enzyme AlwI was used to examine the Q192R polymorphism and Hsp92II for the L55M polymorphism. RESULTS Significant differences in the PON1 Q192R polymorphism were found between patients and controls. The Q allele was more frequent in the patient group than in controls, while the R allele was more frequent in the controls. Significant differences were found in the L55M polymorphism. Additionally, there were significant differences in L and M allele frequencies (p=0.001). The serum activities of PON1 and ARE were low in QQ and MM genotype. CONCLUSIONS serum PON1 and ARE activities were significantly lower in CRC patients compared to healthy subjects. The R allele may protect against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa S Ahmed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt E-mail :
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Aybey A, Sinan S, Askun T. Signal interference effect of human paraoxonase 1 using as substrates N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone and N-3-oxo-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone on growth of pathogenic bacteria. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683815060022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bizoń A, Kepinska M, Snacki K, Milnerowicz H. The impact of environmental and biological factors on paraoxonase 1 and γ-glutamyltranspeptydase activities in the blood of smelters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2015; 26:222-238. [PMID: 26418915 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2015.1089533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of paraoxonase and γ-glutamyltranspeptydase activities can induce development of the atherosclerotic process. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of occupational exposure to heavy metals, tobacco smoke and alcohol consumption on the activities of paraoxonase and γ-glutamyltranspeptydase as well as glutathione concentration. We have observed reduced paraoxonase activity and higher γ-glutamyltranspeptydase activity in serum of smelters when compared to control groups. In the blood of smoking smelters was demonstrated a negative correlation between paraoxonase activity and BMI value as well as between paraoxonase activity and tobacco smoke and consumption of 40% alcohol. Also, negative correlation was found for the activity of paraoxonase and glutathione concentration as well as γ-glutamyltranspeptydase activity. Higher γ-glutamyltranspeptydase activity and lower paraoxonase activity in the serum of smelters exposed to heavy metals and tobacco smoke can cause disorders in functioning of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bizoń
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Marta Kepinska
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Snacki
- b Faculty of Pharmacy, Students Scientific Society at the Department of Biomedical Environmental Analysis , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Halina Milnerowicz
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biomedical and Environmental Analysis , Wroclaw Medical University , Wrocław , Poland
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Gürbüz Ş, Yıldız M, Kara M, Kargün K, Gürger M, Ateşçelik M, Alataş ÖD. Paraoxonase-1 gene in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease investigation Q192R and L55M polymorphisms. World J Emerg Med 2015; 6:201-6. [PMID: 26401181 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of increased oxidative stress on the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is well known. One of the antioxidative systems against oxidative stress in human body is paraoxonase (PON) enzyme that protects low density lipoproteins (LDL) against oxidation. This study aimed to explore the polymorphisms on PON1, Q192R, L55M genes of patients with COPD. METHODS DNAs extraction was obtained from blood samples of 50 patients diagnosed with COPD and 50 patients as a control group who were presented to emergency clinic. Genotypes were obtained with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and AIw I and Hsp92II restriction enzymes were used for Q192R and L55M polymorphisms, respectively. Analysis of data was done with the Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS A statistically significant difference in Q192R polymorphism was found between the COPD patients and the control group (P=0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in L55M polymorphisms between the patient and control groups (P>0.05). Q192R polymorphism was significantly correlated with the PON1 gene and cigarette smoking; however other risk factors did not show any significant correlation with this polymorphism. Though L55M polymorphism was significantly correlated with family history and tuberculosis, there was no significant correlation with other risk factors. CONCLUSION We believe that more studies are needed to study the correlation of L55M polymorphism with other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükrü Gürbüz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yıldız
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Murat Kara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Kürşat Kargün
- Department of Medical Genetics, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Gürger
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Metin Ateşçelik
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fırat University, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Ömer Doğan Alataş
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla, Turkey
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Influence of MTHFR polymorphisms on cardiovascular risk markers in elite athletes. Clin Biochem 2015; 49:183-5. [PMID: 26282718 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the distribution of MTHFR C677T and A1298C as well as PON1 Q192R gene polymorphisms, known to be involved in hyperhomocysteinemia-related cardiovascular risk, in elite athletes. DESIGN AND METHODS Genetic background at MTHFR and PON1 loci and plasma levels of homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12 and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels were assessed in thirty-seven 400m male hurdlers and thirty-four sedentary subjects. RESULTS Homocysteine plasma levels and AOPPs were significantly higher in hurdlers bearing the TT677/AA1298 diplotype than in both hurdlers and sedentary subjects with other diplotypes. A positive dependence between either homocysteine or AOPP plasma levels and MTHFR, but not PON1 genotype, was observed in hurdlers. CONCLUSIONS Elite hurdlers, having an unfavorable MTHFR genotype are exposed to increased cardiovascular risk, dependent on alterations of homocysteine and AOPP plasma levels.
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Bounafaa A, Berrougui H, Ghalim N, Nasser B, Bagri A, Moujahid A, Ikhlef S, Camponova P, Yamoul N, Simo OK, Essamadi A, Khalil A. Association between Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) Polymorphisms and the Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome in a North African Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133719. [PMID: 26241956 PMCID: PMC4524730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the distribution of PON1 Q192R and L55M polymorphisms and activities in a North African population and to determine their association with cardiovascular complications. The prevalence of the QQ, QR, RR, LL, LM, and MM genotypes in the study population was 55.4%, 34.09%, 9.83%, 41.97%, 48.20%, and 9.83% respectively. The Q, R, L, and M alleles had a gene frequency of 0.755, 0.245, 0.67, and 0.33, respectively. The PON1 192 RR genotype was significantly more prevalent among ACS patients than among healthy subjects. There was a 4.33-fold increase in the risk of ACS in subjects presenting the PON1 192 RR genotype compared to those with the QQ genotype (OR=4.33; 95% CI=1.27–17.7). There was a significantly different distribution of PON1 L55M in the ACS patient groups (UA, STEMI, NSTEMI). Moreover, individuals presenting the PON1 55MM genotype present a higher risk for ACS than those with LL genotype (OR=3.69; 95% CI=1.61–11.80). Paraoxonase activities were significantly lower in coronary patients than in healthy subjects. The decrease in PON1 activity was inversely correlated with the number of concomitant risk factors for CVD (r=0.57, p<0.0001). The results of the present study suggested that the PON1 R and M alleles may play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiac ischemia in our North African population and that a decrease in PON1 activity may be a valuable marker for monitoring the development of the atherosclerosis process and the associated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelghani Bounafaa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Neuroscience, Applied Biochemistry and Toxicology Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hicham Berrougui
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Noreddine Ghalim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Morocco, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Neuroscience, Applied Biochemistry and Toxicology Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco
| | - Abdallah Bagri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Neuroscience, Applied Biochemistry and Toxicology Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco
| | - Abderrahmane Moujahid
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Neuroscience, Applied Biochemistry and Toxicology Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco
| | - Souad Ikhlef
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pamela Camponova
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Najoua Yamoul
- Cardiology Service, Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Olivier Kamtchueng Simo
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Abdelkhalid Essamadi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry & Neuroscience, Applied Biochemistry and Toxicology Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Department of Medicine, Geriatrics Service, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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El-said NH, Nasr-Allah MM, Sadik NA, Sharaf SA. Paraoxonase-1 activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without nephropathy. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.4103/1110-7782.159451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Sayın Kocakap DB, Doğru MT, Şimşek V, Çabuk F, Yıldırım N, Çelik Y, Alyılmaz Bekmez S, Erdem S. The association of paraoxonase 1 gene L55M polymorphism with the extent and severity of coronary artery disease in the Turkish population and its dependence on gender. Anatol J Cardiol 2015; 16:175-82. [PMID: 26467378 PMCID: PMC5336803 DOI: 10.5152/akd.2015.6010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common, complex, and progressive disorder characterized by the accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in the arteries. It is one of the leading causes of death in industrialized nations. Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the arterial wall plays an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Paraoxonase1 (PON1) is involved in lipid metabolism and is believed to protect LDL oxidation. In our study, we aimed to clarify the relationship between PON1 gene L55M polymorphism and the extent and severity of CAD. METHODS In total, 114 patients (54 males, mean age: 56.7 ± 12.0 years; 60 females, mean age: 55.7 ± 13.2 years) with stable angina or angina equivalent symptoms were enrolled in this prospective study. Cardiological evaluation was performed with electrocardiogram and transthoracic echocardiogram. The presence of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and smoking status were ascertained. The patients were grouped according to their Gensini scores and gender. Genetic analysis of the PON1 gene L55M polymorphism was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS We determined that the LL genotype was more prevalent in patients with Gensini score higher than or equal to 20 (p=0.026) and that this correlated with severe atherosclerotic coronary artery lesions in both gender groups, reaching a statistical significance in the female subjects (p=0.038). CONCLUSION It was thought that the PON1 gene L55M polymorphism plays a significant role in CAD progression, especially in females.
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Holland N, Lizarraga D, Huen K. Recent progress in the genetics and epigenetics of paraoxonase: why it is relevant to children's environmental health. Curr Opin Pediatr 2015; 27:240-7. [PMID: 25635583 PMCID: PMC4431624 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Children are more susceptible to exposures in utero and during early childhood that may result in developmental problems and chronic diseases. Novel discoveries in the field of molecular epidemiology that can help explain susceptibility to exposures and disease will be demonstrated using the multifunctional enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) as an example. RECENT FINDINGS The broad PON1 variability in humans, partly due to differences in genetics and age, can confer differential susceptibility because this enzyme can detoxify organophosphate pesticides and has antioxidant properties. Epigenetics plays a significant role in the mediation of the effects of environmental exposure on human health and is hypothesized to be a major contributing factor to the early-life origins of adult disease. Studies highlighted in this review demonstrate the relationship of PON1 polymorphisms with microRNA binding in addition to a link between DNA methylation in the transcriptional regulatory region with changes in PON1 enzyme levels. Other important methodologies such as ancestry informative markers and lactonase activity can enhance studies involving PON1. SUMMARY This PON1 model demonstrates that integrating genetic and epigenetic factors, as well as other novel methodologies, can improve our understanding of important susceptibility factors linked to pediatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Holland
- Environmental Health Sciences Division and the Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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Kilic U, Gok O, Erenberk U, Dundaroz MR, Torun E, Kucukardali Y, Elibol-Can B, Uysal O, Dundar T. A remarkable age-related increase in SIRT1 protein expression against oxidative stress in elderly: SIRT1 gene variants and longevity in human. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117954. [PMID: 25785999 PMCID: PMC4365019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is defined as the accumulation of progressive organ dysfunction. Controlling the rate of aging by clarifying the complex pathways has a significant clinical importance. Nowadays, sirtuins have become famous molecules for slowing aging and decreasing age-related disorders. In the present study, we analyzed the SIRT1 gene polymorphisms (rs7895833 A>G, rs7069102 C>G and rs2273773 C>T) and its relation with levels of SIRT1, eNOS, PON-1, cholesterol, TAS, TOS, and OSI to demonstrate the association between genetic variation in SIRT1 and phenotype at different ages in humans. We observed a significant increase in the SIRT1 level in older people and found a significant positive correlation between SIRT1 level and age in the overall studied population. The oldest people carrying AG genotypes for rs7895833 have the highest SIRT1 level suggesting an association between rs7895833 SNP and lifespan longevity. Older people have lower PON-1 levels than those of adults and children which may explain the high levels of SIRT1 protein as a compensatory mechanism for oxidative stress in the elderly. The eNOS protein level was significantly decreased in older people as compared to adults. There was no significant difference in the eNOS level between older people and children. The current study is the first to demonstrate age-related changes in SIRT1 levels in humans and it is important for a much better molecular understanding of the role of the longevity gene SIRT1 and its protein product in aging. It is also the first study presenting the association between SIRT1 expression in older people and rs7895833 in SIRT1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulkan Kilic
- Department of Medical Biology and Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Ozlem Gok
- Department of Medical Biology and Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Erenberk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Rusen Dundaroz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Torun
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasar Kucukardali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birsen Elibol-Can
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Uysal
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tolga Dundar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Esen R, Aslan M, Kucukoglu ME, Cıkman A, Yakan U, Sunnetcioglu M, Selek S. Serum paraoxonase activity, total thiols levels, and oxidative status in patients with acute brucellosis. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2015; 127:427-33. [PMID: 25708067 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-015-0720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity may decrease during the course of infection and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate serum PON1 activity, oxidative status, and thiols levels in patients with acute brucellosis. In addition, we investigated the PON1 phenotype in patients with acute brucellosis. Thirty patients with acute brucellosis and 35 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, thiols levels, lipid hydroperoxide levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined. Serum basal and salt-stimulated paraoxonase-arylesterase activities, TAC levels and thiols levels were significantly lower in patients with acute brucellosis than controls (for all, p < 0.05), while LOOH levels, TOS levels, and OSI values were significantly higher (for all, p < 0.05). We concluded that oxidative stress is increased, while serum PON1 activity is decreased in patients with acute brucellosis. These results indicate that lower PON1 activity is associated with oxidant-antioxidant imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Esen
- Medical Faculty, Department of Internal Medicine, Yuzuncu Yıl University, 65000, Van, Turkey
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Huen K, Yousefi P, Street K, Eskenazi B, Holland N. PON1 as a model for integration of genetic, epigenetic, and expression data on candidate susceptibility genes. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2015; 1:dvv003. [PMID: 26913202 PMCID: PMC4762373 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvv003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome- and epigenome-wide studies demonstrate that the DNA methylation is controlled in part by genetics, highlighting the importance of integrating genetic and epigenetic data. To better understand molecular mechanisms affecting gene expression, we used the candidate susceptibility gene paraoxonase 1 (PON1) as a model to assess associations of PON1 genetic polymorphisms with DNA methylation and arylesterase activity, a marker of PON1 expression. PON1 has been associated with susceptibility to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and pesticide exposure. In this study, we assessed DNA methylation in 18 CpG sites located along PON1 shores, shelves, and its CpG island in blood specimens collected from newborns and 9-year-old children participating (n = 449) in the CHAMACOS birth cohort study. The promoter polymorphism, PON1-108 , was strongly associated with methylation, particularly for CpG sites located near the CpG island (P << 0.0005). Among newborns, these relationships were even more pronounced after adjusting for blood cell composition. We also observed significant decreases in arylesterase activity with increased methylation at the same nine CpG sites at both ages. Using causal mediation analysis, we found statistically significant indirect effects of methylation (β(95% confidence interval): 6.9(1.5, 12.4)) providing evidence that DNA methylation mediates the relationship between PON1-108 genotype and PON1 expression. Our findings show that integration of genetic, epigenetic, and expression data can shed light on the functional mechanisms involving genetic and epigenetic regulation of candidate susceptibility genes like PON1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Huen
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - Paul Yousefi
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - Kelly Street
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
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Kasprzak MP, Iskra M, Majewski W, Budzyń-Napierała M, Gryszczyńska B, Strzyżewski K, Kasprzak J. PON1 status evaluation in patients with chronic arterial occlusion of lower limbs due to atherosclerosis obliterans. Arch Med Sci 2014; 10:1101-8. [PMID: 25624845 PMCID: PMC4296060 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2014.41348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human paraoxonase (PON1) is a calcium-dependent enzyme physically associated with HDL, and it is believed to contribute to the atheroprotective effect of HDL. The aim of the study was to evaluate PON1 status in patients with atherosclerosis obliterans as an effect of ischemia regarding its activity and phenotype distribution. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group consisted of patients with chronic arterial occlusion of the lower limbs due to atherosclerosis obliterans (AO). The patients were divided into two groups according to the degree of ischemia: moderate (MI), and critical (CI). The ratio of the hydrolysis of salt-stimulated PON1 activity to the hydrolysis of phenylacetate was used to assign individuals to one of three possible phenotypes (low activity - A, medium activity - AB, high activity - B). It was observed that PON1 arylesterase activity was affected by ischemia of the lower limbs depending on its degree. RESULTS The odds ratio and the relative risk analysis showed that the patients with moderate ischemia are much more often characterized by phenotype A than by phenotype B. The low activity phenotype A occurs over twice as often in patients with chronic ischemia of the lower limbs as in individuals from the control group (OR = 2.125; 1.96 to 3.776, p = 0.0143). CONCLUSIONS This study presents the low activity phenotype A in relation to the risk of ischemia of the lower limbs due to atherosclerosis and shows the potentially important role of PON1 in conclusion of the process leading to intensification of ischemia degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena P. Kasprzak
- Department of General Chemistry, Chair of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maria Iskra
- Department of General Chemistry, Chair of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Wacław Majewski
- Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magdalena Budzyń-Napierała
- Department of General Chemistry, Chair of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bogna Gryszczyńska
- Department of General Chemistry, Chair of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Strzyżewski
- Department of General Chemistry, Chair of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jakub Kasprzak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology with Pregnancy Pathology, Raszeja Hospital, Poznan, Poland
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Bednarska-Makaruk M, Rodo M, Szirkowiec W, Mossakowska M, Puzianowska-Kuźnicka M, Skalska A, Zdrojewski T, Ryglewicz D, Wehr H. Paraoxonase 1 activity and level of antibodies directed against oxidized low density lipoproteins in a group of an elderly population in Poland - PolSenior study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 60:153-61. [PMID: 25459919 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to assess two factors influencing the amount of oxidized LDL-paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and the level of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies (anti-ox LDL) in a large group of elderly individuals in Poland. The effects of cognitive status, hypertension and metabolic syndrome and of selected serum lipids and inflammation indicators on PON1 activity and anti-ox LDL level were also examined. The investigated population consisted of 3154 individuals aged 65 and more - participants of the population-based PolSenior project. PON1 arylesterase activity was determined spectrophotometrically, anti-ox-LDL antibodies using ELISA method. PON1 activity significantly decreased with advancing age, was lower in males than in females and decreased in persons with impaired cognition. Individuals with hypertension and high lipid levels showed higher PON1 activity. Lower PON1 activity was related to higher level of inflammation indicators - hsCRP and IL-6. The significant association of PON1 activity with age, HDL-C, LDL-C, sex and IL-6 was confirmed in multivariate analysis. Anti-ox LDL antibodies level was significantly higher in the two oldest subgroups of males. It was significantly lower in males than in females. It was decreased in persons with higher serum triglycerides. No relationship of anti-ox LDL level with cognition, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, inflammation indicators and serum lipid levels was observed. In some persons very high levels of anti-ox LDL were stated, most frequently in the oldest persons, particularly in men. CONCLUSION Both investigated antioxidant factors - PON1 activity and anti-ox LDL level, could play an important role in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Rodo
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Research Centre, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Skalska
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zdrojewski
- Department of Arterial Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Danuta Ryglewicz
- First Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Wehr
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland.
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Eskenazi B, Kogut K, Huen K, Harley KG, Bouchard M, Bradman A, Boyd-Barr D, Johnson C, Holland N. Organophosphate pesticide exposure, PON1, and neurodevelopment in school-age children from the CHAMACOS study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 134:149-57. [PMID: 25171140 PMCID: PMC4338203 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Organophosphate (OP) pesticides remain widely used in agriculture. Previously, we reported that PON1 genotype was directly associated with neurodevelopment at age two, and that PON1 genotype may increase susceptibility to OP exposure. OBJECTIVES We examined the relationships of maternal and child PON1 genotype and enzyme activity levels and neurodevelopment at school age and examined their interaction with maternal dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolite levels to investigate differential susceptibility to OP-related neurotoxicity. METHODS Participants were from the CHAMACOS longitudinal birth cohort of Latino families in an agricultural region of California. We measured DAP metabolites of OP pesticides in maternal and child urine samples, and analyzed PON1192 and PON1-108 genotypes and enzyme activity [arylesterase (ARYase), paraoxonase (POase)] in maternal and child blood. We examined their association with children׳s performance on the Conners׳ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT) at 5 years (n=296) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV) at 7 years (n=327). RESULTS Maternal and child PON1 genotype was not related to performance on K-CPT or WISC, although WISC scores tended to be lowest in children and children of mothers who carried the PON-108TT genotype. Pregnancy ARYase levels were positively associated with all WISC subscales (e.g., 4.0 point increase in Full Scale IQ per standard deviation increase in ARYase, 95% CI=1.6, 6.4), while pregnancy POase levels were positively associated with WISC Processing Speed only. Maternal PON1-108 weakly modified the relationship of maternal DAPS and K-CPT scores (pinteraction=0.21) and WISC verbal IQ (pinteraction=0.71). The association between DAPs and Full-Scale IQ was strongest for children of mothers with lowest-tertile ARYase levels (pinteraction=0.27). This relationship held for both diethyl and dimethyl DAPs and for all subscales of the WISC. CONCLUSIONS We extend our previous findings that PON1 genotype and enzyme levels may be directly related to performance on certain domains of neurodevelopment in school-age children. Lower maternal PON1 enzyme levels during pregnancy may also increase susceptibility of children to neurotoxicity from OP pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children׳s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720-7380, USA.
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Children׳s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720-7380, USA
| | - Karen Huen
- Center for Environmental Research and Children׳s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720-7380, USA
| | - Kim G Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children׳s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720-7380, USA
| | - Maryse Bouchard
- Center for Environmental Research and Children׳s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720-7380, USA; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center and Université de Montréal, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Children׳s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720-7380, USA
| | - Dana Boyd-Barr
- Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caroline Johnson
- Center for Environmental Research and Children׳s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720-7380, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children׳s Health, School of Public Health, University of California, 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94720-7380, USA
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Shahmohamadnejad S, Vaisi-Raygani A, Shakiba Y, Kiani A, Rahimi Z, Bahrehmand F, Shakiba E, Pourmotabbed T. Association between butyrylcholinesterase activity and phenotypes, paraoxonase192 rs662 gene polymorphism and their enzymatic activity with severity of rheumatoid arthritis: correlation with systemic inflammatory markers and oxidative stress, preliminary report. Clin Biochem 2014; 48:63-9. [PMID: 25179377 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evidences indicate that oxidative stress and inflammation are important processes in the development of destructive synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The two major bioscavenger enzymes that are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress are human-butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1). Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the relation of BuChE phenotypes and PON-1 Q192R polymorphism with inflammatory markers such as anti-cytroline circulated peptide (CCP)-antibodies, CRP, neopterin, DAS28-CRP in RA patients. DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, we examined association of BuChE-phenotypes and activity, PON192rs662 (Q192R) polymorphism and its arylesterase activity (ARE) with systemic-inflammatory-markers and oxidative stress. The present case-control study consisted of 419-RA patients and 398 gender-age-matched unrelated healthy controls from west population of Iran. PON192rs662 polymorphism was detected by real-time-PCR. BuChE phenotype, TAC level, serum BuChE and ARE activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Anti-CCP-antibody and CRP were measured by ELISA and neopterin level was detected by HPLC. We used the EULAR activity criteria to measure DAS28-CRP. RESULTS We found that PON-1-Q192R was associated with severity of RA [remission-to-low and moderate-to-high in dominant Q/Q+Q/R vs. R/R: OR=2.27, p<0.001; codominant Q/Q vs. R/R: OR=1.65, p<0.001 and Q/R vs. R/R: OR=2.12, p=0.003; recessive Q/Q vs. R/R+Q/R: OR=1.79, p=0.032; and allele Q vs. R: OR=1.68, p<0.001] and presence of anti-CCP-antibody (codominant model Q/Q vs. R/R: OR=1.28, p=0.042). The carriers of Q/Q genotype PON-1-Q192R and BuChE non-UU-phenotype had higher ARE activity, serum levels of neopterin, anti-CCP antibody titer and number of tender-joint and lower activity of BuChE and serum level of TAC than that of R/R genotype and BuChE-UU-phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The current findings demonstrate for the first time that there is a link between systemic inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, the PON192rs662-Q allele and BuChE-non-UU-phenotype and their corresponding enzymatic activity which may be considered as a risk factor for the severity of RA for a population in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shahmohamadnejad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Molecular Diagnostic Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Yadola Shakiba
- Molecular Diagnostic Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Kiani
- Molecular Diagnostic Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zohreh Rahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fariborz Bahrehmand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ebrahimi Shakiba
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tayehbeh Pourmotabbed
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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48
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Dell'Omo G, Penno G, Pucci L, Lucchesi D, Del Prato S, Pedrinelli R. Q192R Paraoxonase (PON)1 Polymorphism, Insulin Sensitivity, and Endothelial Function in Essential Hypertensive Men. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2014; 8:57-62. [PMID: 25089090 PMCID: PMC4116359 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s15493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Essential hypertension is characterized by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation harmful for insulin sensitivity and nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasomotor function, a noxious effect that paraoxonase (PON)1, an antioxidant circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-bound esterase, may counteract. The PON1 gene contains several polymorphisms including a glutamine (Q) to arginine (R) transition at position 192 encoding circulating allozymes with higher antioxidant activity that might influence both parameters. METHODS Q192R was determined by polymerase chain reaction in 72 never-treated, glucose-tolerant, uncomplicated essential hypertensive men. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and endothelial function by forearm vasodilation (strain-gage venous plethysmography) to intra-arterial acetylcholine (ACH) with sodium nitroprusside (NIP) as a NO-independent control. Additional evaluation variables included 24-hour blood pressure (BP), lipids, BMI, smoking status, and metabolic syndrome (MetS) by Adult Treatment Panel (ATP)-III criteria. R192 was considered as the rare allele, and its associations analyzed by dominant models (Q/Q vs. Q/R + R/R). RESULTS Genotype frequencies were consistent with the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. HOMA was lower and insulin resistance (the upper fourth of HOMA values distribution) less prevalent in Q/R + R/R carriers in whom ACH-mediated vasodilatation was greater and endothelial dysfunction (the bottom fourth of ACHAUC values distribution) less frequent than in Q/Q homozygotes. Q192R polymorphism and MetS were unrelated parameters despite their common association with insulin resistance. 24-hour BP, BMI, lipids, and smoking habits were homogeneously distributed across genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Q192R polymorphism associates differentially with insulin sensitivity and endothelial function in essential hypertensive men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Dell'Omo
- Dipartimenti di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Penno
- Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Pucci
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Lucchesi
- Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Pedrinelli
- Dipartimenti di Patologia Chirurgica, Medica, Molecolare e dell'Area Critica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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49
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Torun E, Gökçe S, Ozgen İT, Aydın S, Cesur Y. Serum paraoxonase activity and oxidative stress and their relationship with obesity-related metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2014; 27:667-75. [PMID: 24706428 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2013-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders related with obesity. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of oxidative stress and paraoxonase activities with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as well as metabolic syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 109 obese children and adolescents and 44 healthy and lean control subjects were enrolled in the study. According to their ultrasonographic steatosis scores, they were classified into four groups as follows: healthy children; obese, non-NAFLD; obese, grade I-NAFLD; and obese, grade II-III NAFLD. The biochemical parameters and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were evaluated from fasting samples. The plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and serum paraoxonase activities were measured and then oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated as the indicator of degree of oxidative stress. RESULTS As the steatosis increased, the alanine aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol increased, whereas HDL cholesterol decreased. The TAS measurements were higher in the obese NAFLD group compared with that of the healthy control group. The TOS and OSI measurements did not differ between the groups. Paraoxonase activities increased significantly as steatosis increased. CONCLUSIONS Among the children in this study, no relationship could be demonstrated between obesity with/without steatosis and oxidant/antioxidant status.
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50
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Butorac D, Celap I, Kačkov S, Robić V, Miletić T, Meštrić ZF, Hulina A, Kuna K, Grubišić TŽ, Rajković MG. Paraoxonase 1 activity and phenotype distribution in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2014; 24:273-80. [PMID: 24969921 PMCID: PMC4083579 DOI: 10.11613/bm.2014.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Postmenopausal women have higher risk of cardiovascular disease. One of the contributing factors could be reduced activity of anti-atherogenic enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1). The aim of this study was to examine differences in the lipid status, paraoxonase and arylesterase PON1 activities and PON1 phenotype in women with regular menstrual cycle and in postmenopausal women. Materials and methods: The study included 51 women in reproductive age (25 in follicular and 26 in luteal phase of the menstrual cycle) and 23 women in postmenopause. Lipid parameters in sera were determined using original reagents and according to manufacturer protocol. PON1 activity in serum was assessed by spectrophotometric method with substrates: paraoxon and phenylacetate. PON1 phenotype was determined by double substrate method. Results: Compared to the women in follicular and luteal phase, postmenopausal women have significantly higher concentration of triglyceride [0.9 (0.7–1.3), 0.7 (0.6–1.0) vs. 1.5 (0.9–1.7) mmol/L; P = 0.002], cholesterol [5.10 (4.78–6.10), 5.05 (4.70–5.40) vs. 6.30 (5.73–7.23) mmol/L; P < 0.001], LDL [3.00 (2.56–3.63), 3.00 (2.70–3.70) vs. 3.90 (3.23–4.50) mmol/L; P < 0.001], and apolipoprotein B [0.88 (0.75–1.00), 0.79 (0.68–1.00) vs. 1.07 (0.90–1.24) mmol/L; P = 0.002]. PON1 basal [104 (66–260), 106 (63–250) vs. 93 (71–165) U/L; P = 0.847] and salt-stimulated paraoxonase activity [210 (131–462), 211 (120–442) vs. 180 (139–296) U/L; P = 0.857] as well as arylesterase activity [74 (63–82), 70 (54–91) vs. 70 (60–81) kU/L; P = 0.906] and PON1 phenotype (P = 0.810) were not different in the study groups. Conclusion: There are no differences in PON1 activity and PON1 phenotype between women with regular menstrual cycle and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dražan Butorac
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School University Hospital Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
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