1
|
Administration of stem cells against cardiovascular diseases with a focus on molecular mechanisms: Current knowledge and prospects. Tissue Cell 2023; 81:102030. [PMID: 36709696 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a serious global concern for public and human health. Despite the emergence of significant therapeutic advances, it is still the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. As a result, extensive efforts are underway to develop practical therapeutic approaches. Stem cell-based therapies could be considered a promising strategy for the treatment of CVDs. The efficacy of stem cell-based therapeutic approaches is demonstrated through recent laboratory and clinical studies due to their inherent regenerative properties, proliferative nature, and their capacity to differentiate into different cells such as cardiomyocytes. These properties could improve cardiovascular functioning leading to heart regeneration. The two most common types of stem cells with the potential to cure heart diseases are induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Several studies have demonstrated the use, efficacy, and safety of MSC and iPSCs-based therapies for the treatment of CVDs. In this study, we explain the application of stem cells, especially iPSCs and MSCs, in the treatment of CVDs with a focus on cellular and molecular mechanisms and then discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and perspectives of using this technology in the treatment of these diseases.
Collapse
|
2
|
Daimi H, Lozano-Velasco E, Aranega A, Franco D. Genomic and Non-Genomic Regulatory Mechanisms of the Cardiac Sodium Channel in Cardiac Arrhythmias. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1381. [PMID: 35163304 PMCID: PMC8835759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nav1.5 is the predominant cardiac sodium channel subtype, encoded by the SCN5A gene, which is involved in the initiation and conduction of action potentials throughout the heart. Along its biosynthesis process, Nav1.5 undergoes strict genomic and non-genomic regulatory and quality control steps that allow only newly synthesized channels to reach their final membrane destination and carry out their electrophysiological role. These regulatory pathways are ensured by distinct interacting proteins that accompany the nascent Nav1.5 protein along with different subcellular organelles. Defects on a large number of these pathways have a tremendous impact on Nav1.5 functionality and are thus intimately linked to cardiac arrhythmias. In the present review, we provide current state-of-the-art information on the molecular events that regulate SCN5A/Nav1.5 and the cardiac channelopathies associated with defects in these pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houria Daimi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento, 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Amelia Aranega
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento, 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (A.A.); (D.F.)
- Medina Foundation, Technology Park of Health Sciences, Av. del Conocimiento, 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ren X, Ellis BW, Ronan G, Blood SR, DeShetler C, Senapati S, March KL, Handberg E, Anderson D, Pepine C, Chang HC, Zorlutuna P. A multiplexed ion-exchange membrane-based miRNA (MIX·miR) detection platform for rapid diagnosis of myocardial infarction. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3876-3887. [PMID: 34546237 PMCID: PMC9115728 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00685a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) have shown great potential as rapid and discriminating biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) diagnosis. We have developed a multiplexed ion-exchange membrane-based miRNA (MIX·miR) preconcentration/sensing amplification-free platform for quantifying in parallel a panel of miRNAs, including miR-1, miR-208b, and miR-499, from the same plasma samples from: 1) reference subjects with no evident coronary artery disease (NCAD); 2) subjects with stable coronary artery disease (CAD); and 3) subjects experiencing ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) prior to (STEMI-pre) and following (STEMI-PCI) percutaneous coronary intervention. The picomolar limit of detection from raw plasma and 3-decade dynamic range of MIX·miR permits detection of the miRNA panel in untreated samples from disease patients and its precise standard curve, provided by large 0.1 to 1 V signals and eliminates individual sensor calibration. The use of molecular concentration feature reduces the assay time to less than 30 minutes and increases the detection sensitivity by bringing all targets close to the sensors. miR-1 was low for NCAD patients but more than one order of magnitude above the normal value for all samples from three categories (CAD, STEMI-pre, and STEMI-PCI) of patients with CAD. In fact, miR-1 expression levels of stable CAD, STEMI-pre and STEMI-PCI are each more than 10-fold higher than the previous class, in that order, well above the 95% confidence level of MIX·miR. Its overexpression estimate is significantly higher than the PCR benchmark. This suggests that, in contrast to protein biomarkers of myocardial injury, miR-1 appears to differentiate ischemia from both reperfusion injury and non-AMI CAD patients. The battery-operated MIX·miR can be a portable and low-cost AMI diagnostic device, particularly useful in settings where cardiac catheterization is not readily available to determine the status of coronary reperfusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Bradley W Ellis
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - George Ronan
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
| | - Stuart Ryan Blood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Cameron DeShetler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Keith L March
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Eileen Handberg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David Anderson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Carl Pepine
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine in the College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dlouha D, Ivak P, Netuka I, Novakova S, Konarik M, Tucanova Z, Lanska V, Hlavacek D, Wohlfahrt P, Hubacek JA, Pitha J. The effect of long-term left ventricular assist device support on flow-sensitive plasma microRNA levels. Int J Cardiol 2021; 339:138-143. [PMID: 34197842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implantation of current generation left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) in the treatment of end-stage heart failure (HF), not only improves HF symptoms and end-organ perfusion, but also leads to cellular and molecular responses, presumably in response to the continuous flow generated by these devices. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in multiple biological processes, including the pathogenesis of HF. In our study, we examined the influence of long-term LVAD support on changes in flow-sensitive miRNAs in plasma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood samples from patients with end-stage heart failure (N = 33; age = 55.7 ± 11.6 years) were collected before LVAD implantation and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after implantation. Plasma levels of the flow-sensitive miRNAs; miR-10a, miR-10b, miR-146a, miR-146b, miR-663a, miR-663b, miR-21, miR-155, and miR-126 were measured using quantitative PCR. RESULTS Increasing quantities of miR-126 (P < 0.03) and miR-146a (P < 0.02) was observed at each follow-up visit after LVAD implantation. A positive association between miR-155 and Belcaro score (P < 0.04) and an inverse correlation between miR-126 and endothelial function, measured as the reactive hyperemia index (P < 0.05), was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our observations suggest that after LVAD implantation, low pulsatile flow up-regulates plasma levels of circulating flow-sensitive miRNAs, contributing to endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Dlouha
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Ivak
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.; Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Second Department of Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivan Netuka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.; Second Department of Surgery, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sarka Novakova
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Konarik
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Tucanova
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Lanska
- Statistical Unit, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Hlavacek
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.; Department of Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Wohlfahrt
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav A Hubacek
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.; 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pitha
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cao X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Shan W, Wang R, Mao S, Ding S, Pang C, Li B, Zhou J, Guo X, Guo N, Li C, Liang J, Ma W, Liu Y, Zhao L. MiR-27a-3p/Hoxa10 Axis Regulates Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Targeting Kv4.3 Expression. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680349. [PMID: 34248630 PMCID: PMC8263894 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is a common pathological process of various cardiovascular diseases, which is often accompanied with structural and electrical remodeling, and can even lead to sudden cardiac death. However, its molecular mechanism still remains largely unknown. Here, we induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by angiotensin II (Ang II), and found that miR-27a-3p and hypertrophy-related genes were up-regulated. Further studies showed that miR-27a-3p-inhibitor can alleviate myocardial hypertrophy and electrical remodeling. Moreover, luciferase assay confirmed that miR-27a-3p could regulate the expression of downstream Hoxa10 at the transcriptional level by targeting at its 3′UTR. At the same time, the protein expression of Hoxa10 was significantly reduced in Ang II-treated cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, overexpression of Hoxa10 can reverse myocardial hypertrophy and electrical remodeling induced by Ang II in cardiomyocytes. Finally, we found that Hoxa10 positively regulated the expression of potassium channel protein Kv4.3 which was down-regulated in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes. Taken together, our results revealed miR-27a-3p/Hoxa10/Kv4.3 axis as a new mechanism of Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which provided a new target for clinical prevention and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Weichao Shan
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Ruiting Wang
- Academic Affairs, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Shufang Mao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Shi Ding
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Chong Pang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Baoqun Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenya Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Scărlătescu AI, Micheu MM, Popa-Fotea NM, Dorobanțu M. MicroRNAs in Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction-A New Tool for Diagnosis and Prognosis: Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4799. [PMID: 33946541 PMCID: PMC8124280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances, coronary artery disease and especially its extreme manifestation, ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early and prompt diagnosis is of great importance regarding the prognosis of STEMI patients. In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising tools involved in many pathophysiological processes in various fields, including cardiovascular diseases. In acute coronary syndromes (ACS), circulating levels of miRNAs are significantly elevated, as an indicator of cardiac damage, making them a promising marker for early diagnosis of myocardial infarction. They also have prognostic value and great potential as therapeutic targets considering their key function in gene regulation. This review aims to summarize current information about miRNAs and their role as diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets in STEMI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ioana Scărlătescu
- Department of Cardiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (N.-M.P.-F.); (M.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Miruna Mihaela Micheu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Nicoleta-Monica Popa-Fotea
- Department of Cardiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (N.-M.P.-F.); (M.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Dorobanțu
- Department of Cardiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (N.-M.P.-F.); (M.D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, 014461 Bucharest, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vrablik M, Dlouha D, Todorovova V, Stefler D, Hubacek JA. Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease: How Far Are We from Personalized CVD Risk Prediction and Management? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4182. [PMID: 33920733 PMCID: PMC8074003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid progress in diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), this disease remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Recent progress over the last two decades in the field of molecular genetics, especially with new tools such as genome-wide association studies, has helped to identify new genes and their variants, which can be used for calculations of risk, prediction of treatment efficacy, or detection of subjects prone to drug side effects. Although the use of genetic risk scores further improves CVD prediction, the significance is not unambiguous, and some subjects at risk remain undetected. Further research directions should focus on the "second level" of genetic information, namely, regulatory molecules (miRNAs) and epigenetic changes, predominantly DNA methylation and gene-environment interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Vrablik
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.T.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Dana Dlouha
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Veronika Todorovova
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.T.); (J.A.H.)
| | - Denes Stefler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 7HB, UK;
| | - Jaroslav A. Hubacek
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital and 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 11636 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.T.); (J.A.H.)
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 14021 Prague, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang L, Ding H, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhu W, Li P. Circulating MicroRNAs: Biogenesis and Clinical Significance in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1088. [PMID: 33013463 PMCID: PMC7494963 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes many deaths around the world. Early diagnosis can prevent the development of AMI and provide theoretical support for the subsequent treatment. miRNAs participate in the AMI pathological processes. We aim to determine the early diagnostic and the prognostic roles of circulating miRNAs in AMI in the existing studies and summarize all the data to provide a greater understanding of their utility for clinical application. We reviewed current knowledge focused on the AMI development and circulating miRNA formation. Meanwhile, we collected and analyzed the potential roles of circulating miRNAs in AMI diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies. Additionally, we elaborated on the challenges and clinical perspectives of the application of circulating miRNAs in AMI diagnosis. Circulating miRNAs are stable in the circulation and have earlier increases of circulating levels than diagnostic golden criteria. In addition, they are tissue and disease-specific. All these characteristics indicate that circulating miRNAs are promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis of AMI. Although there are several limitations to be resolved before clinical use, the application of circulating miRNAs shows great potential in the early diagnosis and the prognosis of AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Ding
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin B, Xu J, Wang F, Wang J, Zhao H, Feng D. LncRNA XIST promotes myocardial infarction by regulating FOS through targeting miR-101a-3p. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7232-7247. [PMID: 32315985 PMCID: PMC7202499 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to reveal the hypothesis that lncRNA X inactive specific transcript (XIST) can participate in the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis in neonatal mice cardiomyocytes (NMCMs) and myocardial infarction (MI) through targeting miR-101a-3p. NMCMs were isolated from neonatal C57BL/6 mice and anoxia was induced in hypoxic chamber. MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to determine proliferation and apoptosis respectively. The target relationship among XIST, miR-101a-3p and FOS was revealed by bioinformatic analysis, luciferase reporter assay, pull-down assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. The expression of XIST, miR-101a-3p, FOS and apoptosis-related proteins was determined by qRT-PCR or western blot. MI model was constructed to reveal the role of XIST. We found that XIST was up-regulated in NMCMs under anoxia condition. Moreover, XIST increased FOS expression by sponging miR-101a-3p in anoxia cells. Silencing XIST expression improved cell viability and suppressed apoptosis in vitro and inhibited myocardial infarction by reducing the level of c-FOS and apoptosis-related proteins in vivo. Our findings suggest that XIST is involved in MI, modulation of its level can be used as a new strategy or potential target in the treatment of myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| | - Deguang Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
MicroRNA-21 Mediates the Protective Effect of Cardiomyocyte-Derived Conditioned Medium on Ameliorating Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080935. [PMID: 31430983 PMCID: PMC6721717 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Conditioned medium derived from ischemic myocardium improves rodent cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Exosomal miRNA-mediated intercellular communication is considered to mediate the protective effect of conditioned medium against ischemic injury. Oxygen–glucose-deprivation (OGD)-treated cardiac cells and a rat model with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were applied. The expression profiles of myocardial-disease-associated miRNAs in cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, ventricular myocardium, and conditioned medium derived from cardiomyocytes under ischemic stresses were analyzed. Primary cultured cell model and a rat model with myocardial infarction were applied to examine the role of miRNA in regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis, fibroblast activation, immune cell infiltration, and myocardial infarction. Results showed that expression levels of miR-21 in cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, and conditioned medium (CM) derived from cardiomyocytes were up-regulated with OGD treatment. With the depletion of miR-21, the protective effect of CM on cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress, enhanced fibroblast activation, and promotion of angiogenesis in endothelial cells were reduced. Administration of CM reduced the infarcted size and immune cell infiltration in myocardium of rats with AMI, while depletion of miR-21 reduced the effect of CM. In conclusion, miR-21 plays a role in intercellular communication among ischemic cardiac cells. The expression of miR-21 is important for the protective effect of conditioned medium against myocardial infarction.
Collapse
|
11
|
Su T, Shao X, Zhang X, Han Z, Yang C, Li X. Circulating microRNA-1 in the diagnosis and predicting prognosis of patients with chest pain: a prospective cohort study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:5. [PMID: 30611212 PMCID: PMC6321730 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the early diagnostic and prognostic value of microRNA-1 in patients with acute chest pain. Methods This study enrolled 341 patients attacked by chest pain within 3 h, and another 100 volunteers as control group. Circulating microRNA-1 was collected and determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The clinical follow-up period was 720 days. Results There were 174 patients in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) group, 167 in non-AMI group. The relative expression of microRNA-1 was significantly increased within 3 h in AMI group, and it continued rising within 12 h, lower at 24 h than that 12 h in AMI group without reperfusion therapy. Otherwise, microRNA-1 concentration was markedly low at 12 h after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in AMI group. The 95% reference range of circulating microRNA-1 was 0.171–0.653. It was significantly available for microRNA-1 to early diagnose AMI with an optimal cutoff value of 2.215 and diagnostic accuracy could be improved when combined with cardiac troponin I. It was not statistically significant for microRNA-1 to forecast future AMI but might prognose mortality of 720 days in chest pain patients. In patients with chest pain, microRNA-1 concentration was high with major adverse cardiac events within 30 days, low with high overall survival within 720 days. Conclusions Circulating microRNA-1 might diagnose early AMI and predict the prognosis of patients with chest pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Su
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaonan Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaopu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, 213001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijun Han
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengjian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun X, Guo Q, Wei W, Robertson S, Yuan Y, Luo X. Current Progress on MicroRNA-Based Gene Delivery in the Treatment of Osteoporosis and Osteoporotic Fracture. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:6782653. [PMID: 30962808 PMCID: PMC6431398 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6782653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that microRNAs, as important endogenous posttranscriptional regulators, are essential for bone remodeling and regeneration. Undoubtedly, microRNA-based gene therapies show great potential to become novel approaches against bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis and associated fractures. The major obstacles for continued advancement of microRNA-based therapies in clinical application include their poor in vivo stability, nonspecific biodistribution, and unwanted side effects. Appropriate chemical modifications and delivery vectors, which improve the biological performance and potency of microRNA-based drugs, hold the key to translating miRNA technologies into clinical practice. Thus, this review summarizes the current attempts and existing deficiencies of chemical modifications and delivery systems applied in microRNA-based therapies for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures to inform further explorations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138# Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wenhua Wei
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Robertson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 87# Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Reddy LL, Shah SAV, Ponde CK, Rajani RM, Ashavaid TF. Circulating miRNA-33: a potential biomarker in patients with coronary artery disease. Biomarkers 2018; 24:36-42. [PMID: 30022694 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1501760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) are present in body fluids in stable, cell-free form. Likewise, these miRNAs can be identified in various stages of coronary artery disease (CAD) such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, proliferation and atherosclerosis among others. miRNA expression levels can be identified. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To determine the expression of circulating miRNAs (miR-126, miR-92, miR-33, miR-145 and miR-155) in CAD patients of Indian origin. MATERIAL AND METHODS miRNA profiling analysis in blood plasma was performed by quantitative real-time-PCR (qRT-PCR) in 60 angiographically verified subjects including 30 CAD patients and 30 age- and gender-matched controls. Association between the expression of all five circulating miRNAs and clinical characteristics of patients with CAD were analysed using Medcalc statistics. The severity of CAD was assessed using SYNTAX score (SS). RESULTS Expression of plasma miR-33 increased by 2.9 folds in CAD patients than in control group (p value ≥0.002) also it was found that miR-33 expression levels in mild cases (SS: ≤22) were significantly higher than CAD controls. There was a modest negative correlation between miR-33 and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein ratio, triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein. CONCLUSION The study reports a significant association between increased levels of plasma miR-33 and CAD. Thus, plasma miR-33 appears to be a promising non-invasive biomarker, but requires further validation in a large cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Lavanya Reddy
- a Research Laboratories Department , P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre , Mahim, Mumbai , India
| | - Swarup A V Shah
- b Department of Laboratory Medicine , P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre , Mahim, Mumbai , India
| | - Chandrashekhar K Ponde
- c Department of Cardiology , P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre , Mahim, Mumbai , India
| | - Rajesh M Rajani
- c Department of Cardiology , P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre , Mahim, Mumbai , India
| | - Tester F Ashavaid
- d Department of Lab Medicine , P. D. Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre , Mahim, Mumbai , India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yilmaz SG, Isbir S, Kunt AT, Isbir T. Circulating microRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Atherosclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 32:561-565. [PMID: 29695561 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM In this study, we determined the expression of selected circulating microRNAs (miRNA) and their potential roles as biomarkers in patients with atherosclerosis and a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to obtain insight into miRNA expression levels in atherosclerosis, we analyzed miRNA expression levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in case (n=89) and healthy control (n=93) groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic capability of miRNAs. RESULTS miRNA221 and miRNA221 expression levels were significantly lower in patients than controls (p=0.011 and p=0.004, respectively). Receiver operator curve analysis demonstrated that expression levels of miRNA221 [area under curve (AUC)=0.623, p=0.0086) and miRNA222 (AUC=0.654, p=0.0006) were significantly different between groups. There were positive correlations between miRNA122a and triglyceride (p=0.046) and very-low-density lipoprotein (p=0.029) levels. CONCLUSION miRNA221 and miRNA222 could be convenient biomarkers for diagnosis of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seda Gulec Yilmaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selim Isbir
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atike Tekeli Kunt
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turgay Isbir
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Biró O, Hajas O, Nagy-Baló E, Soltész B, Csanádi Z, Nagy B. Relationship between cardiovascular diseases and circulating cell-free nucleic acids in human plasma. Biomark Med 2018; 12:891-905. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of human morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis could improve the efficiency of treatments. New biomarkers are needed for the identification of high-risk populations in order to make accurate diagnosis and therapy monitoring. Circulating cell-free nucleic acids (cf-NAs) offer a promising new noninvasive tool. These have a role in the regulation of normal physiological functions and in the development of pathological alterations. There is extended research on the clinical application and utilization of cell-free genomic DNA, mtDNA, mRNA, miRNA and long noncoding RNA in CVDs. These molecules could serve as components of new generation therapeutics. Our review focuses on the role of cf-NAs in the pathogenesis of CVDs and we are discussing also possible diagnostic applications and therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Biró
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Hajas
- Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Edina Nagy-Baló
- Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Soltész
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Csanádi
- Institute of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bálint Nagy
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
YILMAZ SEDAGULEC, ISBIR SELIM, KUNT ATIKETEKELI, ISBIR TURGAY. Circulating microRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Atherosclerosis. In Vivo 2018; 32. [PMID: 29695561 PMCID: PMC6000792 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.112276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM In this study, we determined the expression of selected circulating microRNAs (miRNA) and their potential roles as biomarkers in patients with atherosclerosis and a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to obtain insight into miRNA expression levels in atherosclerosis, we analyzed miRNA expression levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in case (n=89) and healthy control (n=93) groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic capability of miRNAs. RESULTS miRNA221 and miRNA221 expression levels were significantly lower in patients than controls (p=0.011 and p=0.004, respectively). Receiver operator curve analysis demonstrated that expression levels of miRNA221 [area under curve (AUC)=0.623, p=0.0086) and miRNA222 (AUC=0.654, p=0.0006) were significantly different between groups. There were positive correlations between miRNA122a and triglyceride (p=0.046) and very-low-density lipoprotein (p=0.029) levels. CONCLUSION miRNA221 and miRNA222 could be convenient biomarkers for diagnosis of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SEDA GULEC YILMAZ
- Department ofMolecular Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - SELIM ISBIR
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Marmara University Pendik Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - ATIKE TEKELI KUNT
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - TURGAY ISBIR
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gomes F, Watanabe L, Nozawa S, Oliveira L, Cardoso J, Vianez J, Nunes M, Schneider H, Sampaio I. Identification and characterization of the expression profile of the microRNAs in the Amazon species Colossoma macropomum by next generation sequencing. Genomics 2017; 109:67-74. [PMID: 28192178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Colossoma macropomum is a resistant species native of Amazonas and Orinoco river basins. It is regarded as the second largest finfish of Solimões and Amazon rivers, representing a major fishery resource in Amazonas and an important species in tropical aquaculture. MicroRNAs are non-coding endogenous riboregulators of nearly 22 nucleotides that play a key role in post-transcriptional gene regulation of several organisms. We analyzed samples of liver and skin from specimens of C. macropomum using next generation sequencing. The dataset was evaluated using computational programs to check the quality of sequences, identification of miRNAs, as well as to evaluate the expression levels of these microRNAs and interaction of target genes. We identified 279 conserved miRNAs, being 257 from liver and 272 from skin, with several miRNAs shared between tissues, with divergence in the number of reads. The strands miR-5p and miR-3p were observed in 72 miRNAs, some of them presenting a higher number of 3p reads. The functional annotation of the most expressed miRNAs resulted in 27 pathways for the liver and skin mainly related to the "biological processes" domain. Based on the identified pathways, we visualized a large gene network, suggesting the regulation of selected miRNA over this interactive dataset. We were able to identify and characterize the expression levels of miRNAs in two tissues of great activity in C. macropomum, which stands out as the beginning of several studies that can be carried out to elucidate the influence of miRNAs in this species and their applicability as biotechnological tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Gomes
- Institute of Coastal Studies, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Campus of Bragança, 68600-000 Bragança, PA, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Watanabe
- Institute of Coastal Studies, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Campus of Bragança, 68600-000 Bragança, PA, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio Nozawa
- Dow AgroSciences, Av Antonio Diederichsen, 400, - Ribeirão Preto, SP 14020-250, Brazil.
| | - Layanna Oliveira
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, 67030-000 Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
| | - Jedson Cardoso
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, 67030-000 Ananindeua, PA, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Virology (PPGV), Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA 67030-000, Brazil.
| | - João Vianez
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, 67030-000 Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Nunes
- Center for Technological Innovation, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, 67030-000 Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
| | - Horacio Schneider
- Institute of Coastal Studies, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Campus of Bragança, 68600-000 Bragança, PA, Brazil.
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Institute of Coastal Studies, Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Campus of Bragança, 68600-000 Bragança, PA, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first noncoding RNA decades ago, the transcriptomics evolution has made a great leap reaching to the detection and recognition of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the early 1990s. Thereafter, numerous miRNAs were reported in different species, with a great body of literature focusing on their role in human health and in pathophysiological processes. miRNAs play a significant role in the cardiovascular system, not only in physiology and normal development but also in disease processes and evolution. Further studies on miRNAs have highlighted their participation in several expressions of cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis, acute and chronic syndromes of coronary artery disease, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. To date, the challenge remains to understand the underlying mechanisms of miRNAs that drive their expression profile so as to use them as innovative diagnostic tools or therapeutic targets in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kazmi N, Gaunt TR. Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Diseases Using Gene Expression Profiling; Stable Coronary Artery Disease, Cardiac Ischemia with and without Myocardial Necrosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149475. [PMID: 26930047 PMCID: PMC4773227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (including coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction) is one of the leading causes of death in Europe, and is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. With the recent advances in genomic tools and technologies there is potential to predict and diagnose heart disease using molecular data from analysis of blood cells. We analyzed gene expression data from blood samples taken from normal people (n = 21), non-significant coronary artery disease (n = 93), patients with unstable angina (n = 16), stable coronary artery disease (n = 14) and myocardial infarction (MI; n = 207). We used a feature selection approach to identify a set of gene expression variables which successfully differentiate different cardiovascular diseases. The initial features were discovered by fitting a linear model for each probe set across all arrays of normal individuals and patients with myocardial infarction. Three different feature optimisation algorithms were devised which identified two discriminating sets of genes, one using MI and normal controls (total genes = 6) and another one using MI and unstable angina patients (total genes = 7). In all our classification approaches we used a non-parametric k-nearest neighbour (KNN) classification method (k = 3). The results proved the diagnostic robustness of the final feature sets in discriminating patients with myocardial infarction from healthy controls. Interestingly it also showed efficacy in discriminating myocardial infarction patients from patients with clinical symptoms of cardiac ischemia but no myocardial necrosis or stable coronary artery disease, despite the influence of batch effects and different microarray gene chips and platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Kazmi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
TGF-β regulates TGFBIp expression in corneal fibroblasts via miR-21, miR-181a, and Smad signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:150-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
21
|
Mishra S, Yadav T, Rani V. Exploring miRNA based approaches in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 98:12-23. [PMID: 26481951 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a highly conserved class of tissue specific, small non-protein coding RNAs maintain cell homeostasis by negative gene regulation. Proper controlling of miRNA expression is required for a balanced physiological environment, as these small molecules influence almost every genetic pathway from cell cycle checkpoint, cell proliferation to apoptosis, with a wide range of target genes. Deregulation in miRNAs expression correlates with various cancers by acting as tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Although promising therapies exist to control tumor development and progression, there is a lack of efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for delineating various types of cancer. The molecularly different tumors can be differentiated by specific miRNA profiling as their phenotypic signatures, which can hence be exploited to surmount the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Present review discusses the involvement of miRNAs in oncogenesis with the analysis of patented research available on miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tanuja Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vibha Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201307, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Koeck I, Burkhard FC, Monastyrskaya K. Activation of common signaling pathways during remodeling of the heart and the bladder. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 102:7-19. [PMID: 26390804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The heart and the urinary bladder are hollow muscular organs, which can be afflicted by pressure overload injury due to pathological conditions such as hypertension and bladder outlet obstruction. This increased outflow resistance induces hypertrophy, marked by dramatic changes in the organs' phenotype and function. The end result in both the heart and the bladder can be acute organ failure due to advanced fibrosis and the subsequent loss of contractility. There is emerging evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure and bladder dysfunction. MiRNAs are endogenous non-coding single-stranded RNAs, which regulate gene expression and control adaptive and maladaptive organ remodeling processes. This Review summarizes the current knowledge of molecular alterations in the heart and the bladder and highlights common signaling pathways and regulatory events. The miRNA expression analysis and experimental target validation done in the heart provide a valuable source of information for investigators working on the bladder and other organs undergoing the process of fibrotic remodeling. Aberrantly expressed miRNA are amendable to pharmacological manipulation, offering an opportunity for development of new therapies for cardiac and bladder hypertrophy and failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Koeck
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department Clinical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Katia Monastyrskaya
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department Clinical Research, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Urology, University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nair N, Gongora E. MicroRNAs as therapeutic targets in cardiomyopathies: myth or reality? Biomol Concepts 2015; 5:439-48. [PMID: 25429598 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2014-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers for cardiomyopathy presents a distinct challenge as the etiologies are widely varied. The discovery of small non-coding miRNAs with gene regulatory function has opened new avenues of investigation in basic and clinical sciences. The search for regulatory nucleotide sequences that have specific gene targets have put miRNAs at the forefront of development of therapeutics, and may serve as valuable diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets. MiRNAs appear to influence both positive and negative remodeling. As cardiac remodeling is a complex process, global molecular networks and miRNA profiles may be required to fulfill the roles of macroregulators. The type of cardiomyopathy leading to heart failure in the long run appears to have a distinct molecular pattern underlying the pathophysiology. This review discusses in brief the existing literature on the molecular signatures in dilated, ischemic, hypertrophic, stress, and peripartum cardiomyopathies that may be used to target therapies for specific etiologies once diagnosed, therefore exploring the utility of specific miRNAs in tailoring therapy for heart failure based on etiology.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang X, Li C, Dai Q. Down-regulation of microRNA-26b rescued hypoxia-induced apoptosis in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes by regulating PTEN. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:4073-4079. [PMID: 26064312 PMCID: PMC4443146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiomyocyte hypoxia causes cardiac hypertrophy and other major myocardial injuries. We investigated the molecular mechanism of microRNA-26b (miR-26b) in regulating hypoxia-induced apoptosis in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. METHODS Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was prepared in vitro and hypoxia was induced. Apoptotic cardiomyocytes were examined by TUNEL staining and the expression of miR-26b were monitored by qRT-PCR. The effect of mir-26b downregulation on hypoxia-induced apoptosis, or expression of PTEN in cardiomyocytes was monitored. PTEN was knocked down in cardiomyocytes by siRNA to further investigate its association with miR-26b. RESULTS Hypoxia induced severe apoptosis and upregulated miR-26b in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes in vitro. Down-regulation of miR-26b markedly ameliorated hypoxia-induced apoptosis and up-regulated PTEN. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed PTEN was directly targeted by miR-26b, and knocking down PTEN reduced cytotoxicity induced by miR-26b upregulation. CONCLUSION Downregulation of miR-26b protected cardiomyocytes from hypoxia-induced apoptosis, and the protective effect was very likely to be associated with PTEN regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Lishui UniversityLishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Lishui UniversityLishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| | - Qiaoqun Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Lishui Maternal and Child Health HospitalLishui, Zhejiang, 323000, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Daimi H, Lozano-Velasco E, Haj Khelil A, Chibani JBE, Barana A, Amorós I, González de la Fuente M, Caballero R, Aranega A, Franco D. Regulation of SCN5A by microRNAs: miR-219 modulates SCN5A transcript expression and the effects of flecainide intoxication in mice. Heart Rhythm 2015; 12:1333-42. [PMID: 25701775 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human cardiac action potential in atrial and ventricular cells is initiated by a fast-activating, fast-inactivating sodium current generated by the SCN5A/Nav1.5 channel in association with its β1/SCN1B subunit. The role of Nav1.5 in the etiology of many cardiac diseases strongly suggests that proper regulation of cell biology and function of the channel is critical for normal cardiac function. Hence, numerous recent studies have focused on the regulatory mechanisms of Nav1.5 biosynthetic and degradation processes as well as its subcellular localization. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of microRNAs in the Scn5a/Nav1.5 posttranscriptional regulation. METHODS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical and electrophysiological measurements of distinct microRNA gain-of-function experiments in cardiomyocytes for the assessment of Scn5a expression. RESULTS Functional studies of HL-1 cardiomyocytes and luciferase assays in fibroblasts demonstrate that Scn5a is directly (miR-98, miR-106, miR-200, and miR-219) and indirectly (miR-125 and miR-153) regulated by multiple microRNAs displaying distinct time-dependent profiles. Cotransfection experiments demonstrated that miR-219 and miR-200 have independent opposite effects on Scn5a expression modulation. Of all the microRNAs studied, only miR-219 increases Scn5a expression levels, leading to altered contraction rhythm of HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Electrophysiological analyses in HL-1 cells revealed that miR-219 increases the sodium current. In vivo administration of miR-219 does not alter normal cardiac rhythm, but abolishes some of the effects of flecainide intoxication in mice, particularly QRS prolongation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the involvement of multiple microRNAs in the regulation of Scn5a. Particularly, miR-219 increases Scn5a/Nav1.5 transcript and protein expression. Our data suggest that microRNAs, such as miR-219, constitute a promising therapeutical tool to treat sodium cardiac arrhythmias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houria Daimi
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jáen, Spain; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | | | - Amel Haj Khelil
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jemni B E Chibani
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Adriana Barana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Amorós
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amelia Aranega
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jáen, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jáen, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Differential regulation of microRNAs in end-stage failing hearts is associated with left ventricular assist device unloading. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:592512. [PMID: 25710008 PMCID: PMC4330954 DOI: 10.1155/2015/592512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical unloading by left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) in advanced heart failure (HF), in addition to improving symptoms and end-organ perfusion, is supposed to stimulate cellular and molecular responses which can reverse maladaptive cardiac remodeling. As microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in remodeling processes, a comparative miRNA profiling in transplanted hearts of HF patients with/without LVAD assistance could aid to comprehend underlying molecular mechanisms. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was used to analyze miRNA differential expression in left ventricles of HF patients who underwent heart transplantation directly (n = 9) or following a period of LVAD support (n = 8). After data validation by quantitative real-time PCR, association with functional clinical parameters was investigated. Bioinformatics' tools were then used for prediction of putative targets of modulated miRNAs and relative pathway enrichment. The analysis revealed 13 upregulated and 10 downregulated miRNAs in failing hearts subjected to LVAD assistance. In particular, the expression level of some of them (miR-338-3p, miR-142-5p and -3p, miR-216a-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-27a-5p, and miR-378g) showed correlation with off-pump cardiac index values. Predicted targets of these miRNAs were involved in focal adhesion/integrin pathway and in actin cytoskeleton regulation. The identified miRNAs might contribute to molecular regulation of reverse remodeling and heart recovery mechanisms.
Collapse
|
27
|
Utility of circulating microRNAs as clinical biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:821823. [PMID: 25710029 PMCID: PMC4330947 DOI: 10.1155/2015/821823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene and protein expression by translational repression and/or mRNA degradation. miRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases and have become potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Their stability and presence in variety of readily accessible cell types including whole blood, serum, plasma, and other body fluids render them as potential source of a clinical biomarker. This review provides a brief overview of miRNA biogenesis and function, the diagnostic potential of circulating extracellular miRNA and their specific role in vivo in various cardiovascular settings, and their future perspective as clinical biomarkers. It is clearly evident from experimental studies that miRNAs are responsible for the regulation of several biological functions and alterations in cardiovascular diseases. Current data supports the concept of using circulating miRNAs as a biomarker in cardiovascular disease. It remains to be seen, however, whether circulating miRNAs can fulfil this role to improve risk and severity prediction.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kang S, Im K, Baek J, Yoon S, Min H. Macro and small over micro: macromolecules and small molecules that regulate microRNAs. Chembiochem 2014; 15:1071-8. [PMID: 24797338 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the correlation between the deregulation of specific miRNAs and disease onset, it is critical to identify miRNA regulators that effectively control miRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of target diseases. This review provides the latest update on oligonucleotide- and small-molecule-based miRNA regulators, and discusses assays developed to screen for small-molecule regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soowon Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756 (Korea)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu H, Qin H, Chen GX, Liang MY, Rong J, Yao JP, Wu ZK. Comparative expression profiles of microRNA in left and right atrial appendages from patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease exhibiting sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation. J Transl Med 2014; 12:90. [PMID: 24708751 PMCID: PMC4077055 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The atrial fibrillation (AF) associated microRNAs (miRNAs) were found in the right atrium (RA) and left atrium (LA) from patients with rheumatic mitral valve disease (RMVD). However, most studies only focus on the RA; and the potential differences of AF-associated miRNAs between the RA and LA are still unknown. The aim of this study was to perform miRNA expression profiles analysis to compare the potential differences of AF-associated miRNAs in the right atrial appendages (RAA) and left atrial appendages (LAA) from RMVD patients. METHODS Samples tissues from the RAA and LAA were obtained from 18 RMVD patients (10 with AF) during mitral valve replacement surgery. From these tissues, miRNA expression profiles were created and analyzed using a human miRNA microarray. Then, the results were validated using qRT-PCR analysis for 12 selected miRNAs. Finally, potential targets of 10 validated miRNAs were predicted and their functions and potential pathways were analyzed using the miRFocus database. RESULTS In RAA, 65 AF-associated miRNAs were found and significantly dysregulated (i.e. 28 miRNAs were up-regulated and 37 were down-regulated). In LAA, 42 AF-associated miRNAs were found and significantly dysregulated (i.e. 22 miRNAs were up-regulated and 20 were down-regulated). Among these AF-associated miRNAs, 23 of them were found in both RAA and LAA, 45 of them were found only in RAA, and 19 of them were found only in LAA. Finally, 10 AF-associated miRNAs validated by qRT-PCR were similarly distributed in RAA and LAA; 3 were found in both RAA and LAA, 5 were found only in RAA, and 2 were found only in LAA. Potential miRNA targets and molecular pathways were identified. CONCLUSIONS We have found the different distributions of AF-associated miRNAs in the RAA and LAA from RMVD patients. This may reflect different miRNA mechanisms in AF between the RA and LA. These findings may provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms of AF in RMVD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhong-kai Wu
- Second Department of Cardiac Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan II Road, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The antifibrotic effects and mechanisms of microRNA-26a action in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1122-1133. [PMID: 24594795 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and high-lethality fibrotic lung disease characterized by excessive fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix accumulation, and, ultimately, loss of lung function. Although dysregulation of some microRNAs (miRs) has been shown to play important roles in the pathophysiological processes of IPF, the role of miRs in fibrotic lung diseases is not well understood. In this study, we found downregulation of miR-26a in the lungs of mice with experimental pulmonary fibrosis and in IPF, which resulted in posttranscriptional derepression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and induced collagen production. More importantly, inhibition of miR-26a in the lungs caused pulmonary fibrosis in vivo, whereas overexpression of miR-26a repressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced fibrogenesis in MRC-5 cells and attenuated experimental pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Our study showed that miR-26a was downregulated by TGF-β1-mediated phosphorylation of Smad3. Moreover, miR-26a inhibited the nuclear translocation of p-Smad3 through directly targeting Smad4, which determines the nuclear translocation of p-Smad2/Smad3. Taken together, our experiments demonstrated the antifibrotic effects of miR-26a in fibrotic lung diseases and suggested a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of IPF using miR-26a. The current study also uncovered a novel positive feedback loop between miR-26a and p-Smad3, which is involved in pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
|
31
|
Molecular basis of cancer-therapy-induced cardiotoxicity: introducing microRNA biomarkers for early assessment of subclinical myocardial injury. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 126:377-400. [PMID: 24274966 DOI: 10.1042/cs20120620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Development of reliable biomarkers for early clinical assessment of drug-induced cardiotoxicity could allow the detection of subclinical cardiac injury risk in vulnerable patients before irreversible damage occurs. Currently, it is difficult to predict who will develop drug-induced cardiotoxicity owing to lack of sensitivity and/or specificity of currently used diagnostics. miRNAs are mRNA regulators and they are currently being extensively profiled for use as biomarkers due to their specific tissue and disease expression signature profiles. Identification of cardiotoxicity-specific miRNA biomarkers could provide clinicians with a valuable tool to allow prognosis of patients at risk of cardiovascular injury, alteration of a treatment regime or the introduction of an adjunct therapy in order to increase the long-term survival rate of patients treated with cardiotoxic drugs.
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Ion channels and transporters are expressed in every living cell, where they participate in controlling a plethora of biological processes and physiological functions, such as excitation of cells in response to stimulation, electrical activities of cells, excitation-contraction coupling, cellular osmolarity, and even cell growth and death. Alterations of ion channels/transporters can have profound impacts on the cellular physiology associated with these proteins. Expression of ion channels/transporters is tightly regulated and expression deregulation can trigger abnormal processes, leading to pathogenesis, the channelopathies. While transcription factors play a critical role in controlling the transcriptome of ion channels/transporters at the transcriptional level by acting on the 5'-flanking region of the genes, microribonucleic acids (miRNAs), a newly discovered class of regulators in the gene network, are also crucial for expression regulation at the posttranscriptional level through binding to the 3'untranslated region of the genes. These small noncoding RNAs fine tune expression of genes involved in a wide variety of cellular processes. Recent studies revealed the role of miRNAs in regulating expression of ion channels/transporters and the associated physiological functions. miRNAs can target ion channel genes to alter cardiac excitability (conduction, repolarization, and automaticity) and affect arrhythmogenic potential of heart. They can modulate circadian rhythm, pain threshold, neuroadaptation to alcohol, brain edema, etc., through targeting ion channel genes in the neuronal systems. miRNAs can also control cell growth and tumorigenesis by acting on the relevant ion channel genes. Future studies are expected to rapidly increase to unravel a new repertoire of ion channels/transporters for miRNA regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Wang
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Recchioni R, Marcheselli F, Olivieri F, Ricci S, Procopio AD, Antonicelli R. Conventional and novel diagnostic biomarkers of acute myocardial infarction: a promising role for circulating microRNAs. Biomarkers 2013; 18:547-58. [PMID: 24025051 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2013.833294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers play a critical role in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), especially in patients with atypical clinical and/or electrocardiographic presentation or co-morbidities, like the elderly. High-sensitivity assays based on specific biomarkers (e.g. cardiac troponins) enabling earlier AMI diagnosis have recently become available in clinical practice. Although no single biomarker of myocardial necrosis is ever likely to afford AMI diagnosis, a combination including different biomarkers for necrosis and ischemia, like new circulating molecules (microRNAs), could enhance diagnostic specificity. We review the recent literature on conventional and novel AMI biomarkers, with special emphasis on circulating microRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Recchioni
- Center of Clinical Pathology and Innovative Therapy, Italian National Research Center on Aging (I.N.R.C.A-IRCCS) , Ancona , Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wen Z, Zheng S, Zhou C, Yuan W, Wang J, Wang T. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for post-myocardial infarction cardiac repair: microRNAs as novel regulators. J Cell Mol Med 2012; 16:657-71. [PMID: 22004043 PMCID: PMC3822837 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is safe and may improve cardiac function and structural remodelling in patients following myocardial infarction (MI). Cardiovascular cell differentiation and paracrine effects to promote endogenous cardiac regeneration, neovascularization, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, anti-remodelling and cardiac contractility, may contribute to MSC-based cardiac repair following MI. However, current evidence indicates that the efficacy of MSC transplantation was unsatisfactory, due to the poor viability and massive death of the engrafted MSCs in the infarcted myocardium. MicroRNAs are short endogenous, conserved, non-coding RNAs and important regulators involved in numerous facets of cardiac pathophysiologic processes. There is an obvious involvement of microRNAs in almost every facet of putative repair mechanisms of MSC-based therapy in MI, such as stem cell differentiation, neovascularization, apoptosis, cardiac remodelling, cardiac contractility and arrhythmias, and others. It is proposed that therapeutic modulation of individual cardiovascular microRNA of MSCs, either mimicking or antagonizing microRNA actions, will hopefully enhance MSC therapeutic efficacy. In addition, MSCs may be manipulated to enhance functional microRNA expression or to inhibit aberrant microRNA levels in a paracrine manner. We hypothesize that microRNAs may be used as novel regulators in MSC-based therapy in MI and MSC transplantation by microRNA regulation may represent promising therapeutic strategy for MI patients in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuzhi Wen
- The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li C, Pei F, Zhu X, Duan DD, Zeng C. Circulating microRNAs as novel and sensitive biomarkers of acute myocardial Infarction. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:727-32. [PMID: 22713968 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are the leading causes of death for both men and women. Serum cardiac-specific troponin level is now used for the "early" diagnosis of AMI. However, due to the "delayed" release of troponin, an earlier, more sensitive and specific biomarker is urgently demanded to further reduce AMI mortality. Recent studies have found that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely linked to myocardial injury. Due to the cell-specific physiological functions and the stability of miRNAs in plasma, serum, and urine, they are emerging as sensitive biomarkers of AMI. This review summarizes the latest insights into the identification and potential application of plasma and serum miRNAs as novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanwei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Banerjee A, Luettich K. MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers of smoking-related diseases. Biomark Med 2012; 6:671-84. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.12.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a family of small, endogenous, noncoding functional RNA molecules that have emerged as key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. They inhibit the translation of proteins from mRNA or promote its degradation. Aberrant miRNA expression has been linked to various human diseases and measurement can differentiate between normal and diseased tissue. Expression is tissue-specific and any changes in miRNA expression within a tissue type can be correlated with disease status. Altered miRNA expression has been reported in the smoking-related diseases cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, miRNAs are thought to have vital roles in inflammatory cell differentiation and regulation. miRNAs might, therefore, be useful biomarkers for early detection of disease-related molecular and genetic changes. In this review, we summarize the available scientific evidence for the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers of smoking-related diseases. Studies should be carried out to identify the miRNAs most relevant to specific diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Banerjee
- British American Tobacco, Group Research & Development, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK
| | - Karsta Luettich
- British American Tobacco, Group Research & Development, Southampton, Hampshire SO15 8TL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pan Z, Sun X, Shan H, Wang N, Wang J, Ren J, Feng S, Xie L, Lu C, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Lu Y, Yang B. MicroRNA-101 inhibited postinfarct cardiac fibrosis and improved left ventricular compliance via the FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene/transforming growth factor-β1 pathway. Circulation 2012; 126:840-50. [PMID: 22811578 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.094524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac interstitial fibrosis is a major cause of the deteriorated performance of the heart in patients with chronic myocardial infarction. MicroRNAs (miRs) have recently been proven to be a novel class of regulators of cardiovascular diseases, including those associated with cardiac fibrosis. This study aimed to explore the role of miR-101 in cardiac fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Four weeks after coronary artery ligation of rats, the expression of miR-101a and miR-101b (miR-101a/b) in the peri-infarct area was decreased. Treatment of cultured rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts with angiotensin II also suppressed the expression of miR-101a/b. Forced expression of miR-101a/b suppressed the proliferation and collagen production in rat neonatal cardiac fibroblasts, as revealed by cell counting, MTT assay, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The effect was abrogated by cotransfection with AMO-101a/b, the antisense inhibitors of miR-101a/b. c-Fos was found to be a target of miR-101a because overexpression of miR-101a decreased the protein and mRNA levels of c-Fos and its downstream protein transforming growth factor-β1. Silencing c-Fos by siRNA mimicked the antifibrotic action of miR-101a, whereas forced expression of c-Fos protein canceled the effect of miR-101a in cultured cardiac fibroblasts. Strikingly, echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements indicated remarkable improvement of the cardiac performance 4 weeks after adenovirus-mediated overexpression of miR-101a in rats with chronic myocardial infarction. Furthermore, the interstitial fibrosis was alleviated and the expression of c-Fos and transforming growth factor-β1 was inhibited. CONCLUSION Overexpression of miR-101a can mitigate interstitial fibrosis and the deterioration of cardiac performance in postinfarct rats, indicating the therapeutic potential of miR-101a for cardiac disease associated with fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Pan
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Selective inhibition of microRNA accessibility by RBM38 is required for p53 activity. Nat Commun 2011; 2:513. [PMID: 22027593 PMCID: PMC3221330 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) interact with 3'-untranslated regions of messenger RNAs to restrict expression of most protein-coding genes during normal development and cancer. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) can control the biogenesis, stability and activity of miRNAs. Here we identify RBM38 in a genetic screen for RBPs whose expression controls miRNA access to target mRNAs. RBM38 is induced by p53 and its ability to modulate miRNA-mediated repression is required for proper p53 function. In contrast, RBM38 shows lower propensity to block the action of the p53-controlled miR-34a on SIRT1. Target selectivity is determined by the interaction of RBM38 with uridine-rich regions near miRNA target sequences. Furthermore, in large cohorts of human breast cancer, reduced RBM38 expression by promoter hypermethylation correlates with wild-type p53 status. Thus, our results indicate a novel layer of p53 gene regulation, which is required for its tumour suppressive function.
Collapse
|
39
|
Rajala K, Pekkanen-Mattila M, Aalto-Setälä K. Cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Int 2011; 2011:383709. [PMID: 21603143 PMCID: PMC3096314 DOI: 10.4061/2011/383709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of human pluripotent stem cells to differentiate towards the cardiac lineage has attracted significant interest, initially with a strong focus on regenerative medicine. The ultimate goal to repair the heart by cardiomyocyte replacement has, however, proven challenging. Human cardiac differentiation has been difficult to control, but methods are improving, and the process, to a certain extent, can be manipulated and directed. The stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes described to date exhibit rather immature functional and structural characteristics compared to adult cardiomyocytes. Thus, a future challenge will be to develop strategies to reach a higher degree of cardiomyocyte maturation in vitro, to isolate cardiomyocytes from the heterogeneous pool of differentiating cells, as well as to guide the differentiation into the desired subtype, that is, ventricular, atrial, and pacemaker cells. In this paper, we will discuss the strategies for the generation of cardiomyocytes from pluripotent stem cells and their characteristics, as well as highlight some applications for the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Rajala
- Regea - Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Eamens AL, Wang MB. Alternate approaches to repress endogenous microRNA activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:349-59. [PMID: 21358288 PMCID: PMC3142414 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.3.14340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an endogenous class of regulatory small RNA (sRNA). In plants, miRNAs are processed from short non-protein-coding messenger RNAs (mRNAs) transcribed from small miRNA genes (MIR genes). Traditionally in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), the functional analysis of a gene product has relied on the identification of a corresponding T-DNA insertion knockout mutant from a large, randomly-mutagenized population. However, because of the small size of MIR genes and presence of multiple, highly conserved members in most plant miRNA families, it has been extremely laborious and time consuming to obtain a corresponding single, or multiple, null mutant plant line. Our recent study published in Molecular Plant ( 1) outlines an alternate method for the functional characterization of miRNA action in Arabidopsis, termed anti-miRNA technology. Using this approach we demonstrated that the expression of individual miRNAs, or entire miRNA families, can be readily and efficiently knocked-down. Our approach is in addition to two previously reported methodologies that also allow for the targeted suppression of either individual miRNAs, or all members of a MIR gene family; these include miRNA target mimicry and transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) of MIR gene promoters. All three methodologies rely on endogenous gene regulatory machinery and in this article we provide an overview of these technologies and discuss their strengths and weaknesses in inhibiting the activity of their targeted miRNA(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Eamens
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The miRNA mimic technology (miR-Mimic) is an innovative approach for gene silencing. This approach is to generate nonnatural double-stranded miRNA-like RNA fragments. Such an RNA fragment is designed to have its 5'-end bearing a partially complementary motif to the selected sequence in the 3'UTR unique to the target gene. Once introduced into cells, this RNA fragment, mimicking an endogenous miRNA, can bind specifically to its target gene and produce posttranscriptional repression, more specifically translational inhibition, of the gene. Unlike endogenous miRNAs, miR-Mimics act in a gene-specific fashion. The miR-Mimic approach belongs to the "miRNA-targeting" and "miRNA-gain-of-function" strategy and is primarily used as an exogenous tool to study gene function by targeting mRNA through miRNA-like actions in mammalian cells. The technology was developed by my research group (Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal) in 2007 (Xiao, et al. J Cell Physiol 212:285-292, 2007; Xiao et al. Nat Cell Biol, in review).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Despite significant advances in treatments, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of human morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The development of novel and efficient treatment strategies requires an understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of small nonprotein-coding RNAs that have emerged as important regulators in cardiac and vascular developmental and pathological processes, including cardiac arrhythmia, fibrosis, hypertrophy and ischemia, heart failure and vascular atherosclerosis. The miRNA acts as an adaptor for the miRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) to specifically recognize and regulate particular mRNAs. Mature miRNAs recognize their target mRNAs by base-pairing interactions between nucleotides 2 and 8 of the miRNA (the seed region) and complementary nucleotides in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of mRNAs and miRISCs subsequently inhibit gene expression by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or cleavage. In this review we summarize the basic mechanisms of action of miRNAs as they are related to cardiac arrhythmia and address the potential for miRNAs to be therapeutically manipulated in the treatment of arrhythmias.
Collapse
|
43
|
Wostenberg C, Quarles KA, Showalter SA. Dynamic origins of differential RNA binding function in two dsRBDs from the miRNA "microprocessor" complex. Biochemistry 2010; 49:10728-36. [PMID: 21073201 DOI: 10.1021/bi1015716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) affect gene regulation by base pairing with mRNA and contribute to the control of cellular homeostasis. The first step in miRNA maturation is conducted in the nucleus by the "microprocessor" complex made up of an RNase III enzyme, Drosha, that contains one dsRNA binding domain (dsRBD), and DGCR8, that contains two dsRBDs in tandem. The crystal structure of DGCR8-Core (493-720), containing both dsRBDs, and the NMR solution structure of Drosha-dsRBD (1259-1337) have been reported, but the solution dynamics have not been explored for any of these dsRBDs. To better define the mechanism of dsRNA binding and thus the nuclear maturation step of miRNA processing, we report NMR spin relaxation and MD simulations of Drosha-dsRBD (1259-1337) and DGCR8-dsRBD1 (505-583). The study was motivated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) of the two dsRBDs, which showed that Drosha-dsRBD does not bind a representative miRNA but isolated DGCR8-dsRBD1 does (K(d) = 9.4 ± 0.4 μM). Our results show that loop 2 in both dsRBDs is highly dynamic but the pattern of the correlations observed in MD is different for the two proteins. Additionally, the extended loop 1 of Drosha-dsRBD is more flexible than the corresponding loop in DGCR8-dsRBD1 but shows no correlation with loop 2, which potentially explains the lack of dsRNA binding by Drosha-dsRBD in the absence of the RNase III domains. The results presented in this study provide key structural and dynamic features of dsRBDs that contribute to the binding mechanism of these domains to dsRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wostenberg
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Chinchilla A, Lozano E, Daimi H, Esteban FJ, Crist C, Aranega AE, Franco D. MicroRNA profiling during mouse ventricular maturation: a role for miR-27 modulating Mef2c expression. Cardiovasc Res 2010; 89:98-108. [PMID: 20736237 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS non-coding RNA has been recently demonstrated to be a novel mechanism for modulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The importance of microRNAs in the cardiovascular system is now apparent. Mutations of distinct microRNAs have provided evidence for fundamental roles of microRNAs during cardiovascular development. However, there is limited information about global microRNA profiles during mouse heart development. In this study, we have gained insight from the expression profiles of microRNAs during mouse ventricular development by microarray and qRT-PCR analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS our microarray analysis reveals that relatively few microRNAs display either increasing or decreasing expression profiles during ventricular chamber formation. Interestingly, most of the differentially expressed microRNAs display a rather discrete peak of expression at particular developmental stages. Furthermore, we demonstrate that microRNA-27b (miR-27b) displays an overt myocardial expression during heart development and that the transcription factor-encoding gene Mef2c is an miR-27b target. CONCLUSION our data present a comprehensive profile of microRNA expression during ventricular maturation, providing an entry point for investigation of the functional roles of the most abundantly and differentially expressed microRNAs during cardiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Chinchilla
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shen E, Diao X, Wei C, Wu Z, Zhang L, Hu B. MicroRNAs target gene and signaling pathway by bioinformatics analysis in the cardiac hypertrophy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 397:380-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.05.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
47
|
Wang Z. MicroRNA: A matter of life or death. World J Biol Chem 2010; 1:41-54. [PMID: 21537368 PMCID: PMC3083949 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v1.i4.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive cell loss due to apoptosis is a pathological hallmark implicated in a wide spectrum of degenerative diseases such as heart disease, atherosclerotic arteries and hypertensive vessels, Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Tremendous efforts have been made to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in apoptosistic cell death. Once ignored completely or overlooked as cellular detritus, microRNAs (miRNAs) that were discovered only a decade ago, have recently taken many by surprise. The importance of miRNAs has steadily gained appreciation and miRNA biology has exploded into a massive swell of interest with enormous range and potential in almost every biological discipline because of their widespread expression and diverse functions in both animals and humans. It has been established that miRNAs are critical regulators of apoptosis of various cell types. These small molecules act by repressing the expression of either the proapoptotic or antiapoptotic genes to produce antiapoptotic or proapoptotic effects. Appealing evidence has been accumulating for the involvement of miRNAs in human diseases associated with apoptotic cell death and the potential of miRNAs as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of the diseases. This editorial aims to convey this message and to boost up the research interest by providing a timely, comprehensive overview on regulation of apoptosis by miRNAs and a synopsis on the pathophysiologic implications of this novel regulatory network based on the currently available data in the literature. It begins with a brief introduction to apoptosis and miRNAs, followed by the description of the fundamental aspects of miRNA biogenesis and action, and the role of miRNAs in regulating apoptosis of cancer cells and cardiovascular cells. Speculations on the development of miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets are also presented. Remarks are also provided to point out the unanswered questions and to outline the new directions for the future research of the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Wang
- Zhiguo Wang, Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, PQ H1T 1C8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Identification of differentially expressed small non-protein-coding RNAs in Staphylococcus aureus displaying both the normal and the small-colony variant phenotype. J Mol Med (Berl) 2010; 88:565-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-010-0597-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
49
|
Pan ZW, Lu YJ, Yang BF. MicroRNAs: a novel class of potential therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:1-9. [PMID: 19966833 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, cardiovascular diseases remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, indicating the need for innovative therapies and diagnosis for heart disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as one of the central players in regulating gene expression. Numerous studies have documented the implications of miRNAs in nearly every pathological process of the cardiovascular system, including cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, cardiac fibrosis, cardiac ischemia and vascular atherosclerosis. More surprisingly, forced expression or suppression of a single miRNA is enough to cause or alleviate the pathological alteration, underscoring the therapeutic potential of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases. In this review we summarize the key miRNAs that can solely modulate the cardiovascular pathological process and discuss the mechanisms by which they exert their function and the perspective of these miRNAs as novel therapeutic targets and/or diagnostic markers. In addition, current approaches for manipulating the action of miRNAs will be introduced.
Collapse
|
50
|
Ai J, Zhang R, Li Y, Pu J, Lu Y, Jiao J, Li K, Yu B, Li Z, Wang R, Wang L, Li Q, Wang N, Shan H, Li Z, Yang B. Circulating microRNA-1 as a potential novel biomarker for acute myocardial infarction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 391:73-7. [PMID: 19896465 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 400] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in a variety of basic biological and pathological processes and the association of miRNA signatures with human diseases. Circulating miRNAs have been proposed as sensitive and informative biomarkers for multiple cancers diagnosis. We have previously documented aberrant up-regulation of miR-1 expression in ischemic myocardium and the consequent slowing of cardiac conduction. However, whether miR-1 could be a biomarker for predicting acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is unclear. In the present study, we recruited 159 patients with or without AMI for quantification of miR-1 level in plasma using real-time RT-PCR method. We performed Wilcoxon rank sum and signed rank tests for comparison. Univariable linear regression and logistics regression analyses were performed to assess the potential correlation between miR-1 and known AMI markers. We also conducted receiver-operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis to evaluate the diagnostic ability of miR-1. We found that: miR-1 level was significantly higher in plasma from AMI patients compared with non-AMI subjects and the level was dropped to normal on discharge following medication. Increased circulating miR-1 was not associated with age, gender, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus or the established biomarkers for AMI. However, miR-1 level was well correlated with QRS by both univariable linear and logistics regression analyses. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was 0.7740 for separation between non-AMI and AMI patients and 0.8522 for separation AMI patients under hospitalization and discharge. Collectively, our results revealed that circulating miR-1 may be a novel, independent biomarker for diagnosis of AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ai
- The Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|