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Moussart A, Lavaud C, Onfroy C, Leprévost T, Pilet-Nayel ML, Le May C. Pathotype characterization of Aphanomyces euteiches isolates collected from pea breeding nurseries. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1332976. [PMID: 38606076 PMCID: PMC11007135 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1332976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Aphanomyces euteiches Drechsler is an oomycete pathogen that affects legume crops, causing root rot, a severe disease of peas (Pisum sativum L.) worldwide. While significant research progress has been made in breeding pea-resistant varieties, there is still a need for a deeper understanding of the diversity of pathogen populations present in breeding nurseries located in various legume-growing regions around the world. Methods We analysed the diversity of 51 pea-infecting isolates of A. euteiches, which were recovered from four American (Athena, OR; Le Sueur, MN; Mount Vernon, WA; Pullman, WA) and three French (Riec-sur-Belon, Templeux-le-Guérard, Dijon) resistance screening nurseries. Our study focused on evaluating their aggressiveness on two sets of differential hosts, comprising six pea lines and five Medicago truncatula accessions. Results The isolates clustered into three groups based on their aggressiveness on the whole pea set, confirming the presence of pathotypes I and III. Pathotype I was exclusive to French isolates and American isolates from Athena and Pullman, while all isolates from Le Sueur belonged to pathotype III. Isolates from both pathotypes were found in Mount Vernon. The M. truncatula set clustered the isolates into three groups based on their aggressiveness on different genotypes within the set, revealing the presence of five pathotypes. All the isolates from the French nurseries shared the same Fr pathotype, showing higher aggressiveness on one particular genotype. In contrast, nearly all-American isolates were assigned to four other pathotypes (Us1, Us2, Us3, Us4), differing in their higher aggressiveness on two to five genotypes. Most of American isolates exhibited higher aggressiveness than French isolates within the M. truncatula set, but showed lower aggressiveness than French isolates within the P. sativum set. Discussion These results provide valuable insights into A. euteiches pathotypes, against which the QTL and sources of resistance identified in these nurseries displayed effectiveness. They also suggest a greater adaptation of American isolates to alfalfa, a more widely cultivated host in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clément Lavaud
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Théo Leprévost
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, France
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Yang B, Zhao Y, Guo Z. Research Progress and Prospect of Alfalfa Resistance to Pathogens and Pests. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152008. [PMID: 35956485 PMCID: PMC9370300 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alfalfa is one of the most important legume forages in the world and contributes greatly to the improvement of ecosystems, nutrition, and food security. Diseases caused by pathogens and pests severely restrict the production of alfalfa. Breeding resistant varieties is the most economical and effective strategy for the control of alfalfa diseases and pests, and the key to breeding resistant varieties is to identify important resistance genes. Plant innate immunity is the theoretical basis for identifying resistant genes and breeding resistant varieties. In recent years, the framework of plant immunity theory has been gradually formed and improved, and considerable progress has been made in the identification of alfalfa resistance genes and the revelation of the related mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the basic theory of plant immunity and identify alfalfa resistance genes to different pathogens and insects and resistance mechanisms. The current situation, problems, and future prospects of alfalfa resistance research are also discussed. Breeding resistant cultivars with effective resistance genes, together with other novel plant protection technologies, will greatly improve alfalfa production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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A Comprehensive Assessment of the Secretome Responsible for Host Adaptation of the Legume Root Pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8010088. [PMID: 35050028 PMCID: PMC8780586 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The soil-borne oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches causes devastating root rot diseases in legumes such as pea and alfalfa. The different pathotypes of A. euteiches have been shown to exhibit differential quantitative virulence, but the molecular basis of host adaptation has not yet been clarified. Here, we re-sequenced a pea field reference strain of A. euteiches ATCC201684 with PacBio long-reads and took advantage of the technology to generate the mitochondrial genome. We identified that the secretome of A. euteiches is characterized by a large portfolio of secreted proteases and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). We performed Illumina sequencing of four strains of A. euteiches with contrasted specificity to pea or alfalfa and found in different geographical areas. Comparative analysis showed that the core secretome is largely represented by CAZymes and proteases. The specific secretome is mainly composed of a large set of small, secreted proteins (SSP) without any predicted functional domain, suggesting that the legume preference of the pathogen is probably associated with unknown functions. This study forms the basis for further investigations into the mechanisms of interaction of A. euteiches with legumes.
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Gibelin-Viala C, Amblard E, Puech-Pages V, Bonhomme M, Garcia M, Bascaules-Bedin A, Fliegmann J, Wen J, Mysore KS, le Signor C, Jacquet C, Gough C. The Medicago truncatula LysM receptor-like kinase LYK9 plays a dual role in immunity and the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 223:1516-1529. [PMID: 31058335 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant -specific lysin-motif receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs) are implicated in the perception of N-acetyl glucosamine-containing compounds, some of which are important signal molecules in plant-microbe interactions. Among these, both lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and chitooligosaccharides (COs) are proposed as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal symbiotic signals. COs can also activate plant defence, although there are scarce data about CO production by pathogens, especially nonfungal pathogens. We tested Medicago truncatula mutants in the LysM-RLK MtLYK9 for their abilities to interact with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and the oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches. This prompted us to analyse whether A. euteiches can produce COs. Compared with wild-type plants, Mtlyk9 mutants had fewer infection events and were less colonised by the AM fungus. By contrast, Mtlyk9 mutants were more heavily infected by A. euteiches and showed more disease symptoms. Aphanomyces euteiches was also shown to produce short COs, mainly CO II, but also CO III and CO IV, and traces of CO V, both ex planta and in planta. MtLYK9 thus has a dual role in plant immunity and the AM symbiosis, which raises questions about the functioning and the ancestral origins of such a receptor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emilie Amblard
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Virginie Puech-Pages
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Maxime Bonhomme
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Magali Garcia
- LIPM, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Adeline Bascaules-Bedin
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Judith Fliegmann
- LIPM, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Noble Research Institute, LLC., 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Noble Research Institute, LLC., 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | | | - Christophe Jacquet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Clare Gough
- LIPM, INRA, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Bonhomme M, Fariello MI, Navier H, Hajri A, Badis Y, Miteul H, Samac DA, Dumas B, Baranger A, Jacquet C, Pilet-Nayel ML. A local score approach improves GWAS resolution and detects minor QTL: application to Medicago truncatula quantitative disease resistance to multiple Aphanomyces euteiches isolates. Heredity (Edinb) 2019; 123:517-531. [PMID: 31138867 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-019-0235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) with small effects, which are pervasive in quantitative phenotypic variation, are difficult to detect in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). To improve their detection, we propose to use a local score approach that accounts for the surrounding signal due to linkage disequilibrium, by accumulating association signals from contiguous single markers. Simulations revealed that, in a GWAS context with high marker density, the local score approach outperforms single SNP p-value-based tests for detecting minor QTL (heritability of 5-10%) and is competitive with regard to alternative methods, which also aggregate p-values. Using more than five million SNPs, this approach was applied to identify loci involved in Quantitative Disease Resistance (QDR) to different isolates of the plant root rot pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches, from a GWAS performed on a collection of 174 accessions of the model legume Medicago truncatula. We refined the position of a previously reported major locus, underlying MYB/NB-ARC/tyrosine kinase candidate genes conferring resistance to two closely related A. euteiches isolates belonging to pea pathotype I. We also discovered a diversity of minor resistance QTL, not detected using p-value-based tests, some of which being putatively shared in response to pea (pathotype I and III) and/or alfalfa (race 1 and 2) isolates. Candidate genes underlying these QTL suggest pathogen effector recognition and plant proteasome as key functions associated with M. truncatula resistance to A. euteiches. GWAS on any organism can benefit from the local score approach to uncover many weak-effect QTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bonhomme
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Castanet Tolosan, France.
| | - Maria Inés Fariello
- Universidad de la República, UdelaR, Facultad de Ingeniería, IMERL, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hélène Navier
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Ahmed Hajri
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Yacine Badis
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Henri Miteul
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35650, Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Bernard Dumas
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Alain Baranger
- IGEPP, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, F-35650, Le Rheu, France
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Castanet Tolosan, France
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Lasserre-Zuber P, Caffier V, Stievenard R, Lemarquand A, Le Cam B, Durel CE. Pyramiding Quantitative Resistance with a Major Resistance Gene in Apple: From Ephemeral to Enduring Effectiveness in Controlling Scab. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:2220-2223. [PMID: 30145950 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-17-1759-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic resistance is a useful strategy to control plant disease, but its effectiveness may be reduced over time due to the emergence of pathogens able to circumvent the defenses of the plant. However, the pyramiding of different resistance factors in the same plant can improve the effectiveness and durability of the resistance. To investigate the potential for this approach in apple to control scab disease we surveyed scab incidence in two experimental orchards located at a distance of more than 300 km planted with apple genotypes carrying quantitative resistance and major gene resistance alone or in combination. Our results showed that the effectiveness of pyramiding in controlling scab was dependent on the site and could not be completely explained by the effectiveness level of the resistances alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Lasserre-Zuber
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France; present address: INRA, UMR 1095, Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, 63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Caffier
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - René Stievenard
- CRRG, Centre Régional de Ressources Génétiques, Ferme du Héron, Chemin de la ferme de Lenglet, 59650, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Arnaud Lemarquand
- UE0449 Unité Expérimentale Horticole, INRA, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Bruno Le Cam
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Charles-Eric Durel
- IRHS, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QuaSaV, 49071, Beaucouzé, France
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Slow erosion of a quantitative apple resistance to Venturia inaequalis based on an isolate-specific Quantitative Trait Locus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 44:541-548. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Meziadi C, Blanchet S, Richard MMS, Pilet-Nayel ML, Geffroy V, Pflieger S. Bean pod mottle virus: a new powerful tool for functional genomics studies in Pisum sativum. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1777-87. [PMID: 26896301 PMCID: PMC5067550 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important legume worldwide. The importance of pea in arable rotations and nutritional value for both human and animal consumption have fostered sustained production and different studies to improve agronomic traits of interest. Moreover, complete sequencing of the pea genome is currently underway and will lead to the identification of a large number of genes potentially associated with important agronomic traits. Because stable genetic transformation is laborious for pea, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) appears as a powerful alternative technology for determining the function of unknown genes. In this work, we present a rapid and efficient viral inoculation method using DNA infectious plasmids of Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV)-derived VIGS vector. Six pea genotypes with important genes controlling biotic and/or abiotic stresses were found susceptible to BPMV carrying a GFP reporter gene and showed fluorescence in both shoots and roots. In a second step, we investigated 37 additional pea genotypes and found that 30 were susceptible to BPMV and only 7 were resistant. The capacity of BPMV to induce silencing of endogenes was investigated in the most susceptible genotype using two visual reporter genes: PsPDS and PsKORRIGAN1 (PsKOR1) encoding PHYTOENE DESATURASE and a 1,4-β-D-glucanase, respectively. The features of the 'one-step' BPMV-derived VIGS vector include (i) the ease of rub-inoculation, without any need for biolistic or agro-inoculation procedures, (ii) simple cost-effective procedure and (iii) noninterference of viral symptoms with silencing. These features make BPMV the most adapted VIGS vector in pea to make low- to high-throughput VIGS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chouaib Meziadi
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Blanchet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Manon M S Richard
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - Valérie Geffroy
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Stéphanie Pflieger
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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Lavaud C, Baviere M, Le Roy G, Hervé MR, Moussart A, Delourme R, Pilet-Nayel ML. Single and multiple resistance QTL delay symptom appearance and slow down root colonization by Aphanomyces euteiches in pea near isogenic lines. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:166. [PMID: 27465043 PMCID: PMC4964060 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the effects of resistance QTL on pathogen development cycle is an important issue for the creation of QTL combination strategies to durably increase disease resistance in plants. The oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches, causing root rot disease, is one of the major factors limiting the pea crop in the main producing countries. No commercial resistant varieties are currently available in Europe. Resistance alleles at seven main QTL were recently identified and introgressed into pea agronomic lines, resulting in the creation of Near Isogenic Lines (NILs) at the QTL. This study aimed to determine the effect of main A. euteiches resistance QTL in NILs on different steps of the pathogen life cycle. RESULTS NILs carrying resistance alleles at main QTL in susceptible genetic backgrounds were evaluated in a destructive test under controlled conditions. The development of root rot disease severity and pathogen DNA levels in the roots was measured during ten days after inoculation. Significant effects of several resistance alleles at the two major QTL Ae-Ps7.6 and Ae-Ps4.5 were observed on symptom appearance and root colonization by A. euteiches. Some resistance alleles at three other minor-effect QTL (Ae-Ps2.2, Ae-Ps3.1 and Ae-Ps5.1) significantly decreased root colonization. The combination of resistance alleles at two or three QTL including the major QTL Ae-Ps7.6 (Ae-Ps5.1/Ae-Ps7.6 or Ae-Ps2.2/Ae-Ps3.1/Ae-Ps7.6) had an increased effect on delaying symptom appearance and/or slowing down root colonization by A. euteiches and on plant resistance levels, compared to the effects of individual or no resistance alleles. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the effects of single or multiple resistance QTL on delaying symptom appearance and/or slowing down colonization by A. euteiches in pea roots, using original plant material and a precise pathogen quantification method. Our findings suggest that single resistance QTL can act on multiple or specific steps of the disease development cycle and that their actions could be pyramided to increase partial resistance in future pea varieties. Further studies are needed to investigate QTL effects on different steps of the pathogen life cycle, as well as the efficiency and durability of pyramiding strategies using QTL which appear to act on the same stage of the pathogen cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lavaud
- INRA, UMR IGEPP 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Domaine de la Motte au Vicomte, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu cedex, France
- PISOM, UMT INRA/Terres Inovia, UMR IGEPP 1349, Domaine de la Motte au Vicomte, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu cedex, France
| | - M Baviere
- INRA, UMR IGEPP 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Domaine de la Motte au Vicomte, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu cedex, France
| | - G Le Roy
- INRA, UMR IGEPP 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Domaine de la Motte au Vicomte, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu cedex, France
- PISOM, UMT INRA/Terres Inovia, UMR IGEPP 1349, Domaine de la Motte au Vicomte, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu cedex, France
| | - M R Hervé
- INRA, UMR IGEPP 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Domaine de la Motte au Vicomte, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu cedex, France
| | - A Moussart
- PISOM, UMT INRA/Terres Inovia, UMR IGEPP 1349, Domaine de la Motte au Vicomte, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu cedex, France
- Terres Inovia, 11 rue de Monceau, CS 60003, 75378, Paris cedex 08, France
| | - R Delourme
- INRA, UMR IGEPP 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Domaine de la Motte au Vicomte, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu cedex, France
| | - M-L Pilet-Nayel
- INRA, UMR IGEPP 1349, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Domaine de la Motte au Vicomte, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu cedex, France.
- PISOM, UMT INRA/Terres Inovia, UMR IGEPP 1349, Domaine de la Motte au Vicomte, BP 35327, 35653, Le Rheu cedex, France.
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Rawlinson C, Kamphuis LG, Gummer JPA, Singh KB, Trengove RD. A rapid method for profiling of volatile and semi-volatile phytohormones using methyl chloroformate derivatisation and GC-MS. Metabolomics 2015; 11:1922-1933. [PMID: 26491427 PMCID: PMC4605965 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-015-0837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are central components of complex signalling networks in plants. The interplay between these metabolites, which include abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (IAA), ethylene, jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), regulate plant growth and development and modulate responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Few methods of phytohormone profiling can adequately quantify a large range of plant hormones simultaneously and without the requirement for laborious or highly specialised extraction protocols. Here we describe the development and validation of a phytohormone profiling protocol, based on methyl-chloroformate derivatisation of the plant metabolites and analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We describe the analysis of 11 metabolites, either plant phytohormones or intermediates of phytohormone metabolism; ABA, azelaic acid, IAA, JA and SA, and the phytohormone precursors 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylic acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, 13-epi-12-oxophytodienoic acid (13-epi-OPDA), linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and validate the isolation from foliar tissue of the model legume Medicago truncatula. The preparation is insensitive to the presence of water, facilitating measurement of the volatile metabolites. Quantitation was linear over four orders of magnitude, and the limits of detection between two and 10 ng/mL for all measured metabolites using a single quadrupole GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rawlinson
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Division of Research and Development, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, Murdoch University Node, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Lars G. Kamphuis
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA 6913 Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Joel P. A. Gummer
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Division of Research and Development, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, Murdoch University Node, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
| | - Karam B. Singh
- CSIRO Agriculture Flagship, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA 6913 Australia
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Robert D. Trengove
- Separation Science and Metabolomics Laboratory, Division of Research and Development, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, Murdoch University Node, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150 Australia
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11
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Exbrayat S, Bertoni G, Naghavie MR, Peyghambari A, Badri M, Debelle F. Genetic variability and identification of quantitative trait loci affecting plant growth and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in the model legume Medicago truncatula under control and salt stress conditions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2014; 41:983-1001. [PMID: 32481051 DOI: 10.1071/fp13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major stresses that limits crop production worldwide and affects most physiological activities in plants. In order to study the genetic control of salt stress in the model legume Medicago truncatula Gaertn., an experiment was undertaken to determine the genetic variability and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling several traits related to plant growth and physiology in a population of recombinant inbred lines. Shoot and root DW, relative water content, leaf area, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and Na+ and K+ in shoots and roots were measured. The experiment was carried out with three replications. ANOVA showed a large genetic variation and transgressive segregation for the traits studied, suggesting putative complex tolerance mechanisms. A total of 21 QTLs were detected under control conditions and 19 QTLs were identified under 100mm salt stress conditions, with three QTLs being common to both situations. The percentage of total phenotypic variance explained by the QTLs ranged from 4.6% to 23.01%. Overlapping QTLs for different traits were also observed, which enables us to discriminate independent traits from linked ones. The results should be helpful information for further functional analysis of salt tolerance in M. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Exbrayat
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (UMR441 and UMR 2594), 18 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Georges Bertoni
- Institut National Polytechnique (INP), Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Unité Mixte Recherche DYNAFOR (Dynamiques et Écologie des Paysages Agriforestiers), Université de Toulouse, BP 32607, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Mohamad Reza Naghavie
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Agricultural & Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran
| | - Ali Peyghambari
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Agricultural & Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, 31587-11167, Iran
| | - Mounavar Badri
- Center of Biotechnology of Borj Cedria, BP 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia
| | - Frédéric Debelle
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (UMR441 and UMR 2594), 18 Chemin de Borde Rouge, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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12
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Zhang H, Franken P. Comparison of systemic and local interactions between the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Funneliformis mosseae and the root pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches in Medicago truncatula. MYCORRHIZA 2014; 24:419-430. [PMID: 24419810 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-013-0553-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown in a number of pathosystems that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi confer resistance against root pathogens, including in interactions between Medicago truncatula and the root rot-causing oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches. For the current study of these interactions, a split root system was established for plant marker gene analysis in order to study systemic defense responses and to compare them with local interactions in conventional pot cultures. It turned out, however, that split root systems and pot cultures were in different physiological stages. Genes for pathogenesis-related proteins and for enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis were generally more highly expressed in split root systems, accompanied by changes in RNA accumulation for genes encoding enzymes involved in phytohormone biosynthesis. Against expectations, the pathogen showed increased activity in these split root systems when the AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae was present separately in the distal part of the roots. Gene expression analysis revealed that this is associated in the pathogen-infected compartment with a systemic down-regulation of a gene coding for isochorismate synthase (ICS), a key enzyme of salicylic acid biosynthesis. At the same time, transcripts of genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins and for enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids accumulated to lower levels. In conventional pot cultures showing decreased A. euteiches activity in the presence of the AM fungus, the ICS gene was down regulated only if both the AM fungus and the pathogen were present in the root system. Such negative priming of salicylic acid biosynthesis could result in increased activities of jasmonate-regulated defense responses and could explain mycorrhiza-induced resistance. Altogether, this study shows that the split root system does not reflect a systemic interaction between F. mosseae and A. euteiches in M. truncatula and indicates the importance of testing such systems prior to the analysis of mycorrhiza-induced resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqiang Zhang
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979, Grossbeeren, Germany
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13
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Bonhomme M, André O, Badis Y, Ronfort J, Burgarella C, Chantret N, Prosperi JM, Briskine R, Mudge J, Debéllé F, Navier H, Miteul H, Hajri A, Baranger A, Tiffin P, Dumas B, Pilet-Nayel ML, Young ND, Jacquet C. High-density genome-wide association mapping implicates an F-box encoding gene in Medicago truncatula resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:1328-1342. [PMID: 24283472 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
• The use of quantitative disease resistance (QDR) is a promising strategy for promoting durable resistance to plant pathogens, but genes involved in QDR are largely unknown. To identify genetic components and accelerate improvement of QDR in legumes to the root pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches, we took advantage of both the recently generated massive genomic data for Medicago truncatula and natural variation of this model legume. • A high-density (≈5.1 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed with both in vitro and glasshouse phenotyping data collected for 179 lines. • GWAS identified several candidate genes and pinpointed two independent major loci on the top of chromosome 3 that were detected in both phenotyping methods. Candidate SNPs in the most significant locus (σ(A)²= 23%) were in the promoter and coding regions of an F-box protein coding gene. Subsequent qRT-PCR and bioinformatic analyses performed on 20 lines demonstrated that resistance is associated with mutations directly affecting the interaction domain of the F-box protein rather than gene expression. • These results refine the position of previously identified QTL to specific candidate genes, suggest potential molecular mechanisms, and identify new loci explaining QDR against A. euteiches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bonhomme
- UPS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Olivier André
- UPS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Yacine Badis
- UPS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Roman Briskine
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint-Paul, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Joann Mudge
- National Center for Genome Resources, 2935 Rodeo Park Drive East, Santa Fe, NM, 87505, USA
| | - Frédéric Debéllé
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR441, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Hélène Navier
- INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Henri Miteul
- INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Ahmed Hajri
- INRA, UMR 1349 IGEPP, F-35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | | | - Peter Tiffin
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Bernard Dumas
- UPS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Nevin D Young
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Christophe Jacquet
- UPS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, BP42617, Auzeville, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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14
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Duarte J, Rivière N, Baranger A, Aubert G, Burstin J, Cornet L, Lavaud C, Lejeune-Hénaut I, Martinant JP, Pichon JP, Pilet-Nayel ML, Boutet G. Transcriptome sequencing for high throughput SNP development and genetic mapping in Pea. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:126. [PMID: 24521263 PMCID: PMC3925251 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pea has a complex genome of 4.3 Gb for which only limited genomic resources are available to date. Although SNP markers are now highly valuable for research and modern breeding, only a few are described and used in pea for genetic diversity and linkage analysis. RESULTS We developed a large resource by cDNA sequencing of 8 genotypes representative of modern breeding material using the Roche 454 technology, combining both long reads (400 bp) and high coverage (3.8 million reads, reaching a total of 1,369 megabases). Sequencing data were assembled and generated a 68 K unigene set, from which 41 K were annotated from their best blast hit against the model species Medicago truncatula. Annotated contigs showed an even distribution along M. truncatula pseudochromosomes, suggesting a good representation of the pea genome. 10 K pea contigs were found to be polymorphic among the genetic material surveyed, corresponding to 35 K SNPs.We validated a subset of 1538 SNPs through the GoldenGate assay, proving their ability to structure a diversity panel of breeding germplasm. Among them, 1340 were genetically mapped and used to build a new consensus map comprising a total of 2070 markers. Based on blast analysis, we could establish 1252 bridges between our pea consensus map and the pseudochromosomes of M. truncatula, which provides new insight on synteny between the two species. CONCLUSIONS Our approach created significant new resources in pea, i.e. the most comprehensive genetic map to date tightly linked to the model species M. truncatula and a large SNP resource for both academic research and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Duarte
- Biogemma, route d’Ennezat, CS 90126, Chappes 63720, France
| | | | - Alain Baranger
- INRA UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP35327, Le Rheu Cedex 35653, France
| | - Grégoire Aubert
- INRA UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Bat. Mendel, 17 rue Sully BP 86510, Dijon 21065, France
| | - Judith Burstin
- INRA UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Bat. Mendel, 17 rue Sully BP 86510, Dijon 21065, France
| | - Laurent Cornet
- Biogemma, route d’Ennezat, CS 90126, Chappes 63720, France
| | - Clément Lavaud
- INRA UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP35327, Le Rheu Cedex 35653, France
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Martinant
- Limagrain Europe, centre de recherche route d’Ennezat, CS 3911, Chappes 63720, France
| | | | | | - Gilles Boutet
- INRA UMR 1349 IGEPP, BP35327, Le Rheu Cedex 35653, France
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15
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Avia K, Pilet-Nayel ML, Bahrman N, Baranger A, Delbreil B, Fontaine V, Hamon C, Hanocq E, Niarquin M, Sellier H, Vuylsteker C, Prosperi JM, Lejeune-Hénaut I. Genetic variability and QTL mapping of freezing tolerance and related traits in Medicago truncatula. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2013; 126:2353-66. [PMID: 23778689 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-013-2140-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Freezing is a major environmental limitation to crop productivity for a number of species including legumes. We investigated the genetic determinism of freezing tolerance in the model legume Medicago truncatula Gaertn (M. truncatula). After having observed a large variation for freezing tolerance among 15 M. truncatula accessions, the progeny of a F6 recombinant inbred line population, derived from a cross between two accessions, was acclimated to low above-freezing temperatures and assessed for: (a) number of leaves (NOL), leaf area (LA), chlorophyll content index (CCI), shoot and root dry weights (SDW and RDW) at the end of the acclimation period and (b) visual freezing damage (FD) during the freezing treatment and 2 weeks after regrowth and foliar electrolyte leakage (EL) 2 weeks after regrowth. Consistent QTL positions with additive effects for FD were found on LG1, LG4 and LG6, the latter being the most explanatory (R (2) ≈ 40 %). QTL for NOL, QTL for EL, NOL and RDW, and QTL for EL and CCI colocalized with FD QTL on LG1, LG4 and LG6, respectively. Favorable alleles for these additive effects were brought by the same parent suggesting that this accession contributes to superior freezing tolerance by affecting plants' capacity to maintain growth at low above-freezing temperatures. No epistatic effects were found between FD QTL, but for each of the studied traits, 3-6 epistatic effects were detected between loci not detected directly as QTL. These results open the way to the assessment of syntenic relationships between QTL for frost tolerance in M. truncatula and cultivated legume species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komlan Avia
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1281 SADV, Estrées-Mons, Péronne Cedex, France
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16
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Hamon C, Coyne CJ, McGee RJ, Lesné A, Esnault R, Mangin P, Hervé M, Le Goff I, Deniot G, Roux-Duparque M, Morin G, McPhee KE, Delourme R, Baranger A, Pilet-Nayel ML. QTL meta-analysis provides a comprehensive view of loci controlling partial resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches in four sources of resistance in pea. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:45. [PMID: 23497245 PMCID: PMC3680057 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of durable plant genetic resistance to pathogens through strategies of QTL pyramiding and diversification requires in depth knowledge of polygenic resistance within the available germplasm. Polygenic partial resistance to Aphanomyces root rot, caused by Aphanomyces euteiches, one of the most damaging pathogens of pea worldwide, was previously dissected in individual mapping populations. However, there are no data available regarding the diversity of the resistance QTL across a broader collection of pea germplasm. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of Aphanomyces root rot resistance QTL in the four main sources of resistance in pea and compared their genomic localization with genes/QTL controlling morphological or phenological traits and with putative candidate genes. RESULTS Meta-analysis, conducted using 244 individual QTL reported previously in three mapping populations (Puget x 90-2079, Baccara x PI180693 and Baccara x 552) and in a fourth mapping population in this study (DSP x 90-2131), resulted in the identification of 27 meta-QTL for resistance to A. euteiches. Confidence intervals of meta-QTL were, on average, reduced four-fold compared to mean confidence intervals of individual QTL. Eleven consistent meta-QTL, which highlight seven highly consistent genomic regions, were identified. Few meta-QTL specificities were observed among mapping populations, suggesting that sources of resistance are not independent. Seven resistance meta-QTL, including six of the highly consistent genomic regions, co-localized with six of the meta-QTL identified in this study for earliness and plant height and with three morphological genes (Af, A, R). Alleles contributing to the resistance were often associated with undesirable alleles for dry pea breeding. Candidate genes underlying six main meta-QTL regions were identified using colinearity between the pea and Medicago truncatula genomes. CONCLUSIONS QTL meta-analysis provided an overview of the moderately low diversity of loci controlling partial resistance to A. euteiches in four main sources of resistance in pea. Seven highly consistent genomic regions with potential use in marker-assisted-selection were identified. Confidence intervals at several main QTL regions were reduced and co-segregation among resistance and morphological/phenological alleles was identified. Further work will be required to identify the best combinations of QTL for durably increasing partial resistance to A. euteiches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Hamon
- INRA, UMR1349 IGEPP, Le Rheu F-35653, France
- Current address: Vegenov-BBV, Penn ar Prat, Saint Pol de Léon, 29250, France
| | - Clarice J Coyne
- USDA, ARS, Western Regional Plant Introduction Station, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6402, USA
| | - Rebecca J McGee
- USDA, ARS, Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research Unit, Pullman, WA, 99164-6434, USA
| | | | | | - Pierre Mangin
- INRA, Domaine Expérimental d’Epoisses, UE0115, Bretenières, F-21110, France
| | - Marie Hervé
- INRA, UMR1349 IGEPP, Le Rheu F-35653, France
- Current address: HM CLAUSE, 1 chemin ronzières, La Bohalle, 49800, France
| | - Isabelle Le Goff
- INRA, UMR1349 IGEPP, Le Rheu F-35653, France
- Current address: INRA, UMR1301 IBSV Interactions Biotiques en Santé Végétale, 400 route des Chappes, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, 06903, France
| | | | - Martine Roux-Duparque
- GSP, Domaine Brunehaut, Estrées-Mons, 80200, France
- Current address: Chambre d'Agriculture de l'Aisne, 1 rue René Blondelle, Laon Cedex, 02007, France
| | | | - Kevin E McPhee
- Department 7670, North Dakota State University, 370G Loftsgard Hall, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
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17
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Ben C, Toueni M, Montanari S, Tardin MC, Fervel M, Negahi A, Saint-Pierre L, Mathieu G, Gras MC, Noël D, Prospéri JM, Pilet-Nayel ML, Baranger A, Huguet T, Julier B, Rickauer M, Gentzbittel L. Natural diversity in the model legume Medicago truncatula allows identifying distinct genetic mechanisms conferring partial resistance to Verticillium wilt. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:317-32. [PMID: 23213135 PMCID: PMC3528038 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a major threat to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and many other crops. The model legume Medicago truncatula was used as a host for studying resistance and susceptibility to Verticillium albo-atrum. In addition to presenting well-established genetic resources, this wild plant species enables to investigate biodiversity of the response to the pathogen and putative crosstalk between disease and symbiosis. Symptom scoring after root inoculation and modelling of disease curves allowed assessing susceptibility levels in recombinant lines of three crosses between susceptible and resistant lines, in a core collection of 32 lines, and in mutants affected in symbiosis with rhizobia. A GFP-expressing V. albo-atrum strain was used to study colonization of susceptible plants. Symptoms and colonization pattern in infected M. truncatula plants were typical of Verticillium wilt. Three distinct major quantitative trait loci were identified using a multicross, multisite design, suggesting that simple genetic mechanisms appear to control Verticillium wilt resistance in M. truncatula lines A17 and DZA45.5. The disease functional parameters varied largely in lines of the core collection. This biodiversity with regard to disease response encourages the development of association genetics and ecological approaches. Several mutants of the resistant line, impaired in different steps of rhizobial symbiosis, were affected in their response to V. albo-atrum, which suggests that mechanisms involved in the establishment of symbiosis or disease might have some common regulatory control points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Ben
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab); ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borderouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
- CNRS; EcoLab; 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Maoulida Toueni
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab); ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borderouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
- CNRS; EcoLab; 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Sara Montanari
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab); ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borderouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | - Magalie Fervel
- Barenbrug Tourneur Recherches, Negadis, 82600 Mas Grenier, France
| | - Azam Negahi
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab); ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borderouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
- CNRS; EcoLab; 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | - Guillaume Mathieu
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab); ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borderouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | | | - Dominique Noël
- Barenbrug Tourneur Recherches, Negadis, 82600 Mas Grenier, France
| | | | - Marie-Laure Pilet-Nayel
- INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes1, UMR118, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, Rennes, France
| | - Alain Baranger
- INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes1, UMR118, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, 35653 Le Rheu Cedex, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Huguet
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab); ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borderouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
- CNRS; EcoLab; 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Bernadette Julier
- INRA, UR 4, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères, Le Chêne, RD 150, BP 80006, 86600, Lusignan, France
| | - Martina Rickauer
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab); ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borderouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
- CNRS; EcoLab; 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Laurent Gentzbittel
- Université de Toulouse; INP, UPS; Laboratoire d’Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (EcoLab); ENSAT, 18 chemin de Borderouge, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
- CNRS; EcoLab; 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
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18
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Lapin D, Meyer RC, Takahashi H, Bechtold U, Van den Ackerveken G. Broad-spectrum resistance of Arabidopsis C24 to downy mildew is mediated by different combinations of isolate-specific loci. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:1171-1181. [PMID: 23025493 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Most natural Arabidopsis thaliana accessions are susceptible to one or more isolates of the downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa). However, Arabidopsis C24 has proved resistant to all Hpa isolates tested so far. Here we describe the complex genetic basis of broad-spectrum resistance in C24. The genetics of C24 resistance to three Hpa isolates was analyzed by segregation analysis and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping on recombinant inbred and introgression lines. Resistance of C24 to downy mildew was found to be a multigenic trait with complex inheritance. Many identified resistance loci were isolate-specific and located on different chromosomes. Among the C24 resistance QTLs, we found dominant, codominant and recessive loci. Interestingly, none of the identified loci significantly contributed to resistance against all three tested Hpa isolates. Our study demonstrates that broad-spectrum resistance of Arabidopsis C24 to Hpa is based on different combinations of multiple isolate-specific loci. The identified quantitative resistance loci are particularly promising as they provide an important basis for the cloning of susceptibility- and immunity-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Lapin
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rhonda C Meyer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, 06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Hideki Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi Aoba-ku, 987-8555, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ulrike Bechtold
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Guido Van den Ackerveken
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584, CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Centre for BioSystems Genomics, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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19
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Mapping the genetic basis of symbiotic variation in legume-rhizobium interactions in Medicago truncatula. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2012; 2:1291-303. [PMID: 23173081 PMCID: PMC3484660 DOI: 10.1534/g3.112.003269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Mutualisms are known to be genetically variable, where the genotypes differ in the fitness benefits they gain from the interaction. To date, little is known about the loci that underlie such genetic variation in fitness or whether the loci influencing fitness are partner specific, and depend on the genotype of the interaction partner. In the legume-rhizobium mutualism, one set of potential candidate genes that may influence the fitness benefits of the symbiosis are the plant genes involved in the initiation of the signaling pathway between the two partners. Here we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in Medicago truncatula in two different rhizobium strain treatments to locate regions of the genome influencing plant traits, assess whether such regions are dependent on the genotype of the rhizobial mutualist (QTL × rhizobium strain), and evaluate the contribution of sequence variation at known symbiosis signaling genes. Two of the symbiotic signaling genes, NFP and DMI3, colocalized with two QTL affecting average fruit weight and leaf number, suggesting that natural variation in nodulation genes may potentially influence plant fitness. In both rhizobium strain treatments, there were QTL that influenced multiple traits, indicative of either tight linkage between loci or pleiotropy, including one QTL with opposing effects on growth and reproduction. There was no evidence for QTL × rhizobium strain or genotype × genotype interactions, suggesting either that such interactions are due to small-effect loci or that more genotype-genotype combinations need to be tested in future mapping studies.
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Hamon C, Baranger A, Coyne CJ, McGee RJ, Le Goff I, L'anthoëne V, Esnault R, Rivière JP, Klein A, Mangin P, McPhee KE, Roux-Duparque M, Porter L, Miteul H, Lesné A, Morin G, Onfroy C, Moussart A, Tivoli B, Delourme R, Pilet-Nayel ML. New consistent QTL in pea associated with partial resistance to Aphanomyces euteiches in multiple French and American environments. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2011; 123:261-81. [PMID: 21479935 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-011-1582-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Partial resistances, often controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL), are considered to be more durable than monogenic resistances. Therefore, a precursor to developing efficient breeding programs for polygenic resistance to pathogens should be a greater understanding of genetic diversity and stability of resistance QTL in plants. In this study, we deciphered the diversity and stability of resistance QTL to Aphanomyces euteiches in pea towards pathogen variability, environments and scoring criteria, from two new sources of partial resistance (PI 180693 and 552), effective in French and USA infested fields. Two mapping populations of 178 recombinant inbred lines each, derived from crosses between 552 or PI 180693 (partially resistant) and Baccara (susceptible), were used to identify QTL for Aphanomyces root rot resistance in controlled and in multiple French and USA field conditions using several resistance criteria. We identified a total of 135 additive-effect QTL corresponding to 23 genomic regions and 13 significant epistatic interactions associated with partial resistance to A. euteiches in pea. Among the 23 additive-effect genomic regions identified, five were consistently detected, and showed highly stable effects towards A. euteiches strains, environments, resistance criteria, condition tests and RIL populations studied. These results confirm the complexity of inheritance of partial resistance to A. euteiches in pea and provide good bases for the choice of consistent QTL to use in marker-assisted selection schemes to increase current levels of resistance to A. euteiches in pea breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Hamon
- Université de Rennes 1, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales, Rennes, France.
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Colditz F, Braun HP. Medicago truncatula proteomics. J Proteomics 2010; 73:1974-85. [PMID: 20621211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Legumes (Fabaceae) are unique in their ability to enter into an elaborate symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria. Rhizobia-legume (RL) symbiosis represents one of the most productive nitrogen-fixing systems and effectively renders the host plants to be more or less independent of other nitrogen sources. Due to high protein content, legumes are among the most economically important crop families. Beyond that, legumes consist of over 16,000 species assigned to 650 genera. In most cases, the genomes of legumes are large and polyploid, which originally did not predestine these plants as genetic model systems. It was not until the early 1990 th that Medicago truncatula was selected as the model plant for studying Fabaceae biology. M. truncatula is closely related to many economically important legumes and therefore its investigation is of high relevance for agriculture. Recently, quite a number of studies were published focussing on in depth characterizations of the M. truncatula proteome. The present review aims to summarize these studies, especially those which focus on the root system and its dynamic changes induced upon symbiotic or pathogenic interactions with microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Colditz
- Leibniz University of Hannover, Institute for Plant Genetics, Dept. III, Plant Molecular Biology, Herrenhäuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hannover, Germany.
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