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Mohammadi M, Mohammadi R. Potential of tetraploid wheats in plant breeding: A review. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112155. [PMID: 38885883 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Domestication syndrome, selection pressure, and modern plant breeding programs have reduced the genetic diversity of the wheat germplasm. For the genetic gains of breeding programs to be sustainable, plant breeders require a diverse gene pool to select genes for resistance to biotic stress factors, tolerance to abiotic stress factors, and improved quality and yield components. Thus, old landraces, subspecies and wild ancestors are rich sources of genetic diversity that have not yet been fully exploited, and it is possible to utilize this diversity. Compared with durum wheat, tetraploid wheat subspecies have retained much greater genetic diversity despite genetic drift and various environmental influences, and the identification and utilization of this diversity can make a greater contribution to the genetic enrichment of wheat. In addition, using the pre-breeding method, the valuable left-behind alleles in the wheat gene pool can be re-introduced through hybridization and introgressive gene flow to create a sustainable opportunity for the genetic gain of wheat. This review provides some insights about the potential of tetraploid wheats in plant breeding and the genetic gains made by them in plant breeding across past decades, and gathers the known functional information on genes/QTLs, metabolites, traits and their direct involvement in wheat resistance/tolerance to biotic/abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mohammadi
- Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Sararood branch, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI), Sararood branch, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Vicentin L, Canales J, Calderini DF. The trade-off between grain weight and grain number in wheat is explained by the overlapping of the key phases determining these major yield components. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1380429. [PMID: 38919825 PMCID: PMC11196766 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1380429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing grain yield is a primary goal in the cultivation of major staple crops, including wheat. Recent research has focused on identifying the physiological and molecular factors that influence grain weight, a critical determinant of crop yield. However, a bottleneck has arisen due to the trade-off between grain weight and grain number, whose underlying causes remain elusive. In a novel approach, a wheat expansin gene, TaExpA6, known for its expression in root tissues, was engineered to express in the grains of the spring wheat cultivar Fielder. This modification led to increases in both grain weight and yield without adversely affecting grain number. Conversely, a triple mutant line targeting the gene TaGW2, a known negative regulator of grain weight, resulted in increased grain weight but decreased grain number, potentially offsetting yield gains. This study aimed to evaluate the two aforementioned modified wheat genotypes (TaExpA6 and TaGW2) alongside their respective wild-type counterparts. Conducted in southern Chile, the study employed a Complete Randomized Block Design with four replications, under well-managed field conditions. The primary metrics assessed were grain yield, grain number, and average grain weight per spike, along with detailed measurements of grain weight and dimensions across the spike, ovary weight at pollination (Waddington's scale 10), and post-anthesis expression levels of TaExpA6 and TaGW2. Results indicated that both the TaExpA6 and the triple mutant lines achieved significantly higher average grain weights compared to their respective wild types. Notably, the TaExpA6 line did not exhibit a reduction in grain number, thereby enhancing grain yield per spike. By contrast, the triple mutant line showed a reduced grain number per spike, with no significant change in overall yield. TaExpA6 expression peaked at 10 days after anthesis (DAA), and its effect on grain weight over the WT became apparent after 15 DAA. In contrast, TaGW2 gene disruption in the triple mutant line increased ovary size at anthesis, leading to improved grain weight above the WT from the onset of grain filling. These findings suggest that the trade-off between grain weight and number could be attributed to the overlapping of the critical periods for the determination of these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Vicentin
- Graduate School, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Institute of Plant Production and Protection, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Javier Canales
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- National Agency for Research and Development of Chile-Millennium Science Initiative Program-Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel F. Calderini
- Institute of Plant Production and Protection, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Kaushik M, Mulani E, Kumar A, Chauhan H, Saini MR, Bharati A, Gayatri, Iyyappan Y, Madhavan J, Sevanthi AM, Mandal PK. Starch and storage protein dynamics in the developing and matured grains of durum wheat and diploid progenitor species. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131177. [PMID: 38583842 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Durum wheat, less immunogenically intolerant than bread wheat, originates from diploid progenitors known for nutritional quality and stress tolerance. Present study involves the analysis of major grain parameters, viz. size, weight, sugar, starch, and protein content of Triticum durum (AABB genome) and its diploid progenitors, Triticum monococcum (AA genome) and Aegilops speltoides (BB genome). Samples were collected during 2-5 weeks after anthesis (WAA), and at maturity. The investigation revealed that T. durum displayed the maximum grain size and weight. Expression analysis of Grain Weight 2 (GW2) and Glutamine Synthase (GS2), negative and positive regulators of grain weight and size, respectively, revealed higher GW2 expression in Ae. speltoides and higher GS2 expression in T. durum. Further we explored total starch, sugar and protein content, observing higher levels of starch and sugar in durum wheat while AA genome species exhibited higher protein content dominated by the fractions of albumin/globulin. HPLC profiling revealed unique sub-fractions in all three genome species. Additionally, a comparative transcriptome analysis also corroborated with the starch and protein content in the grains. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic and biochemical distinctions among durum wheat and its diploid progenitors, offering a foundation for their nutritional composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Kaushik
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ekta Mulani
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Harsh Chauhan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Manish Ranjan Saini
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Alka Bharati
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Gayatri
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Yuvaraj Iyyappan
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Jayanthi Madhavan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR - Indian Agriculture Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Amitha Mithra Sevanthi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Pranab Kumar Mandal
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology (ICAR-NIPB), LBS Building, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India.
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Sakuma S, Yamashita Y, Suzuki T, Nasuda S. A Catalog of GNI-A1 Genes That Regulate Floret Fertility in a Diverse Bread Wheat Collection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:330. [PMID: 38337864 PMCID: PMC10857310 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Modifying inflorescence architecture improves grain number and grain weight in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Allelic variation in Grain Number Increase 1 (GNI-A1) genes, encoding a homeodomain leucine zipper class I transcription factor, influences grain number and yield. However, allelic information about GNI-A1 in diverse germplasms remains limited. Here, we investigated GNI-A1 alleles in a panel of 252 diverse bread wheat accessions (NBRP core collection and HRO breeder's panel) by target resequencing. Cultivars carrying the reduced-function allele (105Y) were predominant in the NBRP panel, whereas the 105N functional allele was the major type in the HRO panel. Cultivars with the 105Y allele were distributed in Asian landraces but not in European genotypes. Association analysis demonstrated that floret fertility, together with grain size, were improved in cultivars in the NBRP core collection carrying the 105Y allele. These results imply that different alleles of GNI-A1 have been locally selected, with the 105Y allele selected in East Asia and the 105N allele selected in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Sakuma
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamashita
- Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Hokkaido Research Organization, Naganuma, Hokkaido 069-1395, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.S.)
| | - Takako Suzuki
- Central Agricultural Experiment Station, Hokkaido Research Organization, Naganuma, Hokkaido 069-1395, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.S.)
| | - Shuhei Nasuda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;
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Abbai R, Golan G, Longin CFH, Schnurbusch T. Grain yield trade-offs in spike-branching wheat can be mitigated by elite alleles affecting sink capacity and post-anthesis source activity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:88-102. [PMID: 37739800 PMCID: PMC10735541 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Introducing variations in inflorescence architecture, such as the 'Miracle-Wheat' (Triticum turgidum convar. compositum (L.f.) Filat.) with a branching spike, has relevance for enhancing wheat grain yield. However, in the spike-branching genotypes, the increase in spikelet number is generally not translated into grain yield advantage because of reduced grains per spikelet and grain weight. Here, we investigated if such trade-offs might be a function of source-sink strength by using 385 recombinant inbred lines developed by intercrossing the spike-branching landrace TRI 984 and CIRNO C2008, an elite durum (T. durum L.) cultivar; they were genotyped using the 25K array. Various plant and spike architectural traits, including flag leaf, peduncle, and spike senescence rate, were phenotyped under field conditions for 2 consecutive years. On chromosome 5AL, we found a new modifier QTL for spike branching, branched headt3 (bht-A3), which was epistatic to the previously known bht-A1 locus. Besides, bht-A3 was associated with more grains per spikelet and a delay in flag leaf senescence rate. Importantly, favourable alleles, viz. bht-A3 and grain protein content (gpc-B1) that delayed senescence, are required to improve grain number and grain weight in the spike-branching genotypes. In summary, achieving a balanced source-sink relationship might minimize grain yield trade-offs in Miracle-Wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragavendran Abbai
- Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Guy Golan
- Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - C Friedrich H Longin
- State Plant Breeding Institute, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Research Group Plant Architecture, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Esposito S, Vitale P, Taranto F, Saia S, Pecorella I, D'Agostino N, Rodriguez M, Natoli V, De Vita P. Simultaneous improvement of grain yield and grain protein concentration in durum wheat by using association tests and weighted GBLUP. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:242. [PMID: 37947927 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Simultaneous improvement for GY and GPC by using GWAS and GBLUP suggested a significant application in durum wheat breeding. Despite the importance of grain protein concentration (GPC) in determining wheat quality, its negative correlation with grain yield (GY) is still one of the major challenges for breeders. Here, a durum wheat panel of 200 genotypes was evaluated for GY, GPC, and their derived indices (GPD and GYD), under eight different agronomic conditions. The plant material was genotyped with the Illumina 25 k iSelect array, and a genome-wide association study was performed. Two statistical models revealed dozens of marker-trait associations (MTAs), each explaining up to 30%. phenotypic variance. Two markers on chromosomes 2A and 6B were consistently identified by both models and were found to be significantly associated with GY and GPC. MTAs identified for phenological traits co-mapped to well-known genes (i.e., Ppd-1, Vrn-1). The significance values (p-values) that measure the strength of the association of each single nucleotide polymorphism marker with the target traits were used to perform genomic prediction by using a weighted genomic best linear unbiased prediction model. The trained models were ultimately used to predict the agronomic performances of an independent durum wheat panel, confirming the utility of genomic prediction, although environmental conditions and genetic backgrounds may still be a challenge to overcome. The results generated through our study confirmed the utility of GPD and GYD to mitigate the inverse GY and GPC relationship in wheat, provided novel markers for marker-assisted selection and opened new ways to develop cultivars through genomic prediction approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Esposito
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, SS 673 Meters 25200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paolo Vitale
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, SS 673 Meters 25200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Science, Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Taranto
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Sergio Saia
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56129, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ivano Pecorella
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, SS 673 Meters 25200, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nunzio D'Agostino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Monica Rodriguez
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 39, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Natoli
- Genetic Services SRL, Contrada Catenaccio, snc, 71026, Deliceto, FG, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, SS 673 Meters 25200, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
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Qin R, Ma T, Cai Y, Shi X, Cheng J, Dong J, Wang C, Li S, Pan G, Guan Y, Zhang L, Yang S, Xu H, Zhao C, Sun H, Li X, Wu Y, Li J, Cui F. Characterization and fine mapping analysis of a major stable QTL qKnps-4A for kernel number per spike in wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:211. [PMID: 37737910 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A major stable QTL for kernel number per spike was narrowed down to a 2.19-Mb region containing two potential candidate genes, and its effects on yield-related traits were characterized. Kernel number per spike (KNPS) in wheat is a key yield component. Dissection and characterization of major stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for KNPS would be of considerable value for the genetic improvement of yield potential using molecular breeding technology. We had previously reported a major stable QTL controlling KNPS, qKnps-4A. In the current study, primary fine-mapping analysis, based on the primary mapping population, located qKnps-4A to an interval of approximately 6.8-Mb from 649.0 to 655.8 Mb on chromosome 4A refering to 'Kenong 9204' genome. Further fine-mapping analysis based on a secondary mapping population narrowed qKnps-4A to an approximately 2.19-Mb interval from 653.72 to 655.91 Mb. Transcriptome sequencing, gene function annotation analysis and homologous gene related reports showed that TraesKN4A01HG38570 and TraesKN4A01HG38590 were most likely to be candidate genes of qKnps-4A. Phenotypic analysis based on paired near-isogenic lines in the target region showed that qKnps-4A increased KNPS mainly by increasing the number of central florets per spike. We also evaluated the effects of qKnps-4A on other yield-related traits. Moreover, we dissected the QTL cluster of qKnps-4A and qTkw-4A and proved that the phenotypic effects were probably due to close linkage of two or more genes rather than pleiotropic effects of a single gene. This study provides molecular marker resource for wheat molecular breeding designed to improve yield potential, and lay the foundation for gene functional analysis of qKnps-4A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Qin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Tianhang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yibiao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xinyao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jiajia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jizi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Shihui Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Guoqing Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yuxiang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Huiyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Chunhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Han Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Ximei Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology, Shandong Engineering Research Center of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Salt-Tolerant Crops, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yongzhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Junming Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Fa Cui
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Module-Based Breeding of High Yield and Abiotic Resistant Plants in Universities of Shandong, College of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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Taranto F, Esposito S, De Vita P. Genomics for Yield and Yield Components in Durum Wheat. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2571. [PMID: 37447132 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many efforts have been conducted to dissect the genetic basis of yield and yield components in durum wheat thanks to linkage mapping and genome-wide association studies. In this review, starting from the analysis of the genetic bases that regulate the expression of yield for developing new durum wheat varieties, we have highlighted how, currently, the reductionist approach, i.e., dissecting the yield into its individual components, does not seem capable of ensuring significant yield increases due to diminishing resources, land loss, and ongoing climate change. However, despite the identification of genes and/or chromosomal regions, controlling the grain yield in durum wheat is still a challenge, mainly due to the polyploidy level of this species. In the review, we underline that the next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies coupled with improved wheat genome assembly and high-throughput genotyping platforms, as well as genome editing technology, will revolutionize plant breeding by providing a great opportunity to capture genetic variation that can be used in breeding programs. To date, genomic selection provides a valuable tool for modeling optimal allelic combinations across the whole genome that maximize the phenotypic potential of an individual under a given environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Taranto
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Esposito
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Vita
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), CREA-Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Zhao Y, Islam S, Alhabbar Z, Zhang J, O'Hara G, Anwar M, Ma W. Current Progress and Future Prospect of Wheat Genetics Research towards an Enhanced Nitrogen Use Efficiency. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091753. [PMID: 37176811 PMCID: PMC10180859 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To improve the yield and quality of wheat is of great importance for food security worldwide. One of the most effective and significant approaches to achieve this goal is to enhance the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in wheat. In this review, a comprehensive understanding of the factors involved in the process of the wheat nitrogen uptake, assimilation and remobilization of nitrogen in wheat were introduced. An appropriate definition of NUE is vital prior to its precise evaluation for the following gene identification and breeding process. Apart from grain yield (GY) and grain protein content (GPC), the commonly recognized major indicators of NUE, grain protein deviation (GPD) could also be considered as a potential trait for NUE evaluation. As a complex quantitative trait, NUE is affected by transporter proteins, kinases, transcription factors (TFs) and micro RNAs (miRNAs), which participate in the nitrogen uptake process, as well as key enzymes, circadian regulators, cross-talks between carbon metabolism, which are associated with nitrogen assimilation and remobilization. A series of quantitative genetic loci (QTLs) and linking markers were compiled in the hope to help discover more efficient and useful genetic resources for breeding program. For future NUE improvement, an exploration for other criteria during selection process that incorporates morphological, physiological and biochemical traits is needed. Applying new technologies from phenomics will allow high-throughput NUE phenotyping and accelerate the breeding process. A combination of multi-omics techniques and the previously verified QTLs and molecular markers will facilitate the NUE QTL-mapping and novel gene identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Zaid Alhabbar
- Department of Field Crops, College of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Mosul, Mosul 41002, Iraq
| | - Jingjuan Zhang
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Graham O'Hara
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Masood Anwar
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Wujun Ma
- Food Futures Institute & College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao 266109, China
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10
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Wang Z, Dhakal S, Cerit M, Wang S, Rauf Y, Yu S, Maulana F, Huang W, Anderson JD, Ma XF, Rudd JC, Ibrahim AMH, Xue Q, Hays DB, Bernardo A, St. Amand P, Bai G, Baker J, Baker S, Liu S. QTL mapping of yield components and kernel traits in wheat cultivars TAM 112 and Duster. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1057701. [PMID: 36570880 PMCID: PMC9768232 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1057701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the Southern Great Plains, wheat cultivars have been selected for a combination of outstanding yield and drought tolerance as a long-term breeding goal. To understand the underlying genetic mechanisms, this study aimed to dissect the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with yield components and kernel traits in two wheat cultivars `TAM 112' and `Duster' under both irrigated and dryland environments. A set of 182 recombined inbred lines (RIL) derived from the cross of TAM 112/Duster were planted in 13 diverse environments for evaluation of 18 yield and kernel related traits. High-density genetic linkage map was constructed using 5,081 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). QTL mapping analysis detected 134 QTL regions on all 21 wheat chromosomes, including 30 pleiotropic QTL regions and 21 consistent QTL regions, with 10 QTL regions in common. Three major pleiotropic QTL on the short arms of chromosomes 2B (57.5 - 61.6 Mbps), 2D (37.1 - 38.7 Mbps), and 7D (66.0 - 69.2 Mbps) colocalized with genes Ppd-B1, Ppd-D1, and FT-D1, respectively. And four consistent QTL associated with kernel length (KLEN), thousand kernel weight (TKW), plot grain yield (YLD), and kernel spike-1 (KPS) (Qklen.tamu.1A.325, Qtkw.tamu.2B.137, Qyld.tamu.2D.3, and Qkps.tamu.6A.113) explained more than 5% of the phenotypic variation. QTL Qklen.tamu.1A.325 is a novel QTL with consistent effects under all tested environments. Marker haplotype analysis indicated the QTL combinations significantly increased yield and kernel traits. QTL and the linked markers identified in this study will facilitate future marker-assisted selection (MAS) for pyramiding the favorable alleles and QTL map-based cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Smit Dhakal
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Mustafa Cerit
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Shichen Wang
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Service Center, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yahya Rauf
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Shuhao Yu
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Frank Maulana
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Wangqi Huang
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | | | - Xue-Feng Ma
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, United States
| | - Jackie C. Rudd
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Amir M. H. Ibrahim
- Department of Soil and Crop Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Qingwu Xue
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Dirk B. Hays
- Department of Soil and Crop Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Amy Bernardo
- Central Small Grain Genotyping Lab and Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Paul St. Amand
- Central Small Grain Genotyping Lab and Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Guihua Bai
- Central Small Grain Genotyping Lab and Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jason Baker
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Shannon Baker
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
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11
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Peters Haugrud AR, Zhang Q, Green AJ, Xu SS, Faris JD. Identification of stable QTL controlling multiple yield components in a durum × cultivated emmer wheat population under field and greenhouse conditions. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 13:6762085. [PMID: 36250796 PMCID: PMC9911061 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Crop yield gains are needed to keep pace with a growing global population and decreasing resources to produce food. Cultivated emmer wheat is a progenitor of durum wheat and a useful source of genetic variation for trait improvement in durum. Here, we evaluated a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between the North Dakota durum wheat variety Divide and the cultivated emmer wheat accession PI 272527 consisting of 219 lines. The population was evaluated in 3 field environments and 2 greenhouse experiments to identify quantitative trait locus associated with 11 yield-related traits that were expressed in a consistent manner over multiple environments. We identified 27 quantitative trait locus expressed in at least 2 field environments, 17 of which were also expressed under greenhouse conditions. Seven quantitative trait locus regions on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 6A, and 7B had pleiotropic effects on multiple yield-related traits. The previously cloned genes Q and FT-B1, which are known to be associated with development and morphology, were found to consistently be associated with multiple traits across environments. PI 272527 contributed beneficial alleles for quantitative trait locus associated with multiple traits, especially for seed morphology quantitative trait locus on chromosomes 1B, 2B, and 6A. Three recombinant inbred lines with increased grain size and weight compared to Divide were identified and demonstrated the potential for improvement of durum wheat through deployment of beneficial alleles from the cultivated emmer parent. The findings from this study provide knowledge regarding stable and robust quantitative trait locus that breeders can use for improving yield in durum wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qijun Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Andrew J Green
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Steven S Xu
- USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Justin D Faris
- Corresponding author: Cereal Crops Research Unit, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
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12
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Liu X, Xu Z, Feng B, Zhou Q, Ji G, Guo S, Liao S, Lin D, Fan X, Wang T. Quantitative trait loci identification and breeding value estimation of grain weight-related traits based on a new wheat 50K single nucleotide polymorphism array-derived genetic map. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:967432. [PMID: 36110352 PMCID: PMC9468616 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.967432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Mining novel and less utilized thousand grain weight (TGW) related genes are useful for improving wheat yield. In this study, a recombinant inbred line population from a cross between Zhongkemai 138 (ZKM138, high TGW) and Chuanmai 44 (CM44, low TGW) was used to construct a new Wheat 50K SNP array-derived genetic map that spanned 1,936.59 cM and contained 4, 139 markers. Based on this map, ninety-one quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected for eight grain-related traits in six environments. Among 58 QTLs, whose superior alleles were contributed by ZKM138, QTgw.cib-6A was a noticeable major stable QTL and was also highlighted by bulked segregant analysis with RNA sequencing (BSR-Seq). It had a pyramiding effect on TGW enhancement but no significant trade-off effect on grain number per spike or tiller number, with two other QTLs (QTgw.cib-2A.2 and QTgw.cib-6D), possibly explaining the excellent grain performance of ZKM138. After comparison with known loci, QTgw.cib-6A was deduced to be a novel locus that differed from nearby TaGW2 and TaBT1. Seven simple sequence repeat (SSR) and thirty-nine kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers were finally developed to narrow the candidate interval of QTgw.cib-6A to 4.1 Mb. Only six genes in this interval were regarded as the most likely candidate genes. QTgw.cib-6A was further validated in different genetic backgrounds and presented 88.6% transmissibility of the ZKM138-genotype and a 16.4% increase of TGW in ZKM138 derivatives. And the geographic pattern of this locus revealed that its superior allele is present in only 6.47% of 433 Chinese modern wheat varieties, indicating its potential contribution to further high-yield breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Xu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangsi Ji
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaodan Guo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Simin Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dian Lin
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Tillett BJ, Hale CO, Martin JM, Giroux MJ. Genes Impacting Grain Weight and Number in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. ssp. aestivum). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11131772. [PMID: 35807724 PMCID: PMC9269389 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The primary goal of common wheat (T. aestivum) breeding is increasing yield without negatively impacting the agronomic traits or product quality. Genetic approaches to improve the yield increasingly target genes that impact the grain weight and number. An energetic trade-off exists between the grain weight and grain number, the result of which is that most genes that increase the grain weight also decrease the grain number. QTL associated with grain weight and number have been identified throughout the hexaploid wheat genome, leading to the discovery of numerous genes that impact these traits. Genes that have been shown to impact these traits will be discussed in this review, including TaGNI, TaGW2, TaCKX6, TaGS5, TaDA1, WAPO1, and TaRht1. As more genes impacting the grain weight and number are characterized, the opportunity is increasingly available to improve common wheat agronomic yield by stacking the beneficial alleles. This review provides a synopsis of the genes that impact grain weight and number, and the most beneficial alleles of those genes with respect to increasing the yield in dryland and irrigated conditions. It also provides insight into some of the genetic mechanisms underpinning the trade-off between grain weight and number and their relationship to the source-to-sink pathway. These mechanisms include the plant size, the water soluble carbohydrate levels in plant tissue, the size and number of pericarp cells, the cytokinin and expansin levels in developing reproductive tissue, floral architecture and floral fertility.
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14
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Shirdelmoghanloo H, Chen K, Paynter BH, Angessa TT, Westcott S, Khan HA, Hill CB, Li C. Grain-Filling Rate Improves Physical Grain Quality in Barley Under Heat Stress Conditions During the Grain-Filling Period. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:858652. [PMID: 35645996 PMCID: PMC9137397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.858652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a primary constraint to Australia's barley production. In addition to impacting grain yield, it adversely affects physical grain quality (weight and plumpness) and market value. The incidence of heat stress during grain filling is rising with global warming. However, breeding for new superior heat-tolerant genotypes has been challenging due to the narrow window of sensitivity, the unpredictable nature of heat stress, and its frequent co-occurrence with drought stress. Greater scientific knowledge regarding traits and mechanisms associated with heat tolerance would help develop more efficient selection methods. Our objective was to assess 157 barley varieties of contrasting genetic backgrounds for various developmental, agro-morphological, and physiological traits to examine the effects of heat stress on physical grain quality. Delayed sowing (i.e., July and August) increased the likelihood of daytime temperatures above 30°C during grain-filling. Supplementary irrigation of field trials ensured a reduced impact of drought stress. Heat tolerance appeared to be the primary factor determining grain plumpness. A wide variation was observed for heat tolerance, particularly among the Australian varieties. Genotypic variation was also observed for grain weight, plumpness, grain growth components, stay-green and stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content, and mobilisation under normal and delayed sown conditions. Compared to normal sowing, delayed sowing reduced duration of developmental phases, plant height, leaf size, head length, head weight, grain number, plumpness, grain width and thickness, stem WSC content, green leaf area retention, and harvest index (HI), and increased screenings, grain length, grain-filling rate (GFR), WSC mobilisation efficiency (WSCME), and grain protein content. Overall, genotypes with heavier and plumper grains under high temperatures had higher GFR, longer grain-filling duration, longer green leaf area retention, higher WSCME, taller stature, smaller leaf size, greater HI, higher grain weight/plumpness potentials, and earlier flowering. GFR played a significant role in determining barley grain weight and plumpness under heat-stress conditions. Enhancing GFR may provide a new avenue for improving heat tolerance in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kefei Chen
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Blakely H. Paynter
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Northam, WA, Australia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sharon Westcott
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hammad Aziz Khan
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Northam, WA, Australia
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Camilla Beate Hill
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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15
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Castillo-Bravo R, Fort A, Cashell R, Brychkova G, McKeown PC, Spillane C. Parent-of-Origin Effects on Seed Size Modify Heterosis Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:835219. [PMID: 35330872 PMCID: PMC8940307 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.835219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Parent-of-origin effects arise when a phenotype depends on whether it is inherited maternally or paternally. Parent-of-origin effects can exert a strong influence on F1 seed size in flowering plants, an important agronomic and life-history trait that can contribute to biomass heterosis. Here we investigate the natural variation in the relative contributions of the maternal and paternal genomes to F1 seed size across 71 reciprocal pairs of F1 hybrid diploids and the parental effect on F1 seed size heterosis. We demonstrate that the paternally derived genome influences F1 seed size more significantly than previously appreciated. We further demonstrate (by disruption of parental genome dosage balance in F1 triploid seeds) that hybridity acts as an enhancer of genome dosage effects on F1 seed size, beyond that observed from hybridity or genome dosage effects on their own. Our findings indicate that interactions between genetic hybridity and parental genome dosage can enhance heterosis effects in plants, opening new avenues for boosting heterosis breeding in crop plants.
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16
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Kong X, Wang F, Geng S, Guan J, Tao S, Jia M, Sun G, Wang Z, Wang K, Ye X, Ma J, Liu D, Wei Y, Zheng Y, Fu X, Mao L, Lan X, Li A. The wheat AGL6-like MADS-box gene is a master regulator for floral organ identity and a target for spikelet meristem development manipulation. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:75-88. [PMID: 34487615 PMCID: PMC8710900 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The AGAMOUS-LIKE6 (AGL6)-like genes are ancient MADS-box genes and are functionally studied in a few model plants. The knowledge of these genes in wheat remains limited. Here, by studying a 'double homoeolog mutant' of the AGL6 gene in tetraploid wheat, we showed that AGL6 was required for the development of all four whorls of floral organs with dosage-dependent effect on floret fertility. Yeast two-hybrid analyses detected interactions of AGL6 with all classes of MADS-box proteins in the ABCDE model for floral organ development. AGL6 was found to interact with several additional proteins, including the G protein β and γ (DEP1) subunits. Analysis of the DEP1-B mutant showed a significant reduction in spikelet number per spike in tetraploid wheat, while overexpression of AGL6 in common wheat increased the spikelet number per spike and hence the grain number per spike. RNA-seq analysis identified the regulation of several meristem activity genes by AGL6, such as FUL2 and TaMADS55. Our work therefore extensively updated the wheat ABCDE model and proposed an alternative approach to improve wheat grain yield by manipulating the AGL6 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Kong
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fang Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shuaifeng Geng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jiantao Guan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shu Tao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Meiling Jia
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guoliang Sun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ke Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xingguo Ye
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jian Ma
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Dengcai Liu
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiangdong Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome EngineeringInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Long Mao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiujin Lan
- Triticeae Research InstituteSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengduChina
| | - Aili Li
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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17
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Mizuno N, Ishikawa G, Kojima H, Tougou M, Kiribuchi-Otobe C, Fujita M, Nakamura K. Genetic mechanisms determining grain number distribution along the spike and their effect on yield components in wheat. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:62. [PMID: 37309314 PMCID: PMC10236116 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The number of wheat grains is one of the major determinants of yield. Many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and some causal genes such as GNI-A1 and WAPO-A1 that are associated with grain number per spike (GNS) have been identified, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We analyzed QTLs for grain number and other related traits using 188 doubled haploid lines derived from the Japanese high-yield variety, Kitahonami, as a parent to elucidate the genetic mechanism determining grain number. The major QTLs for grain number at the apical, central, and basal parts of the spike were identified in different chromosomal regions. We considered GNI-A1 and WAPO-A1 as candidate genes controlling grain number at the central and basal parts of the spike, respectively. Kitahonami had the favorable 105Y allele of GNI-A1 and WAPO-A1b allele and unfavorable alleles of QTLs for grain number at the apical part of spikes. Pyramiding the favorable alleles of these QTLs significantly increased GNS without significantly reducing thousand-grain weight (TGW). In contrast, the accumulation of favorable alleles of QTLs for TGW significantly decreased GNS, whereas days to heading positively correlated with GNS. Late heading increased the spikelet number per spike, resulting in a higher GNS. Pyramiding of the QTLs for TGW and days to heading also altered the GNS. In conclusion, GNS is a complex trait controlled by many QTLs, and it is essential for breeding to design. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01255-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Mizuno
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 Japan
| | - Goro Ishikawa
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 Japan
| | - Hisayo Kojima
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 Japan
- Present Address: Headquarters, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8517 Japan
| | - Makoto Tougou
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 Japan
| | - Chikako Kiribuchi-Otobe
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 Japan
| | - Masaya Fujita
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518 Japan
- Present Address: Headquarters, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8517 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nakamura
- Present Address: Headquarters, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8517 Japan
- Present Address: Kyusyu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Chikugo, Fukuoka 833-0041 Japan
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18
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Dafna A, Halperin I, Oren E, Isaacson T, Tzuri G, Meir A, Schaffer AA, Burger J, Tadmor Y, Buckler ES, Gur A. Underground heterosis for yield improvement in melon. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6205-6218. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Heterosis, the superiority of hybrids over their parents, is a major genetic force associated with plant fitness and crop yield enhancement. We investigated root-mediated yield heterosis in melons (Cucumis melo) by characterizing a common variety grafted onto 190 hybrid rootstocks, resulting from crossing 20 diverse inbreds in a diallel-mating scheme. Hybrid rootstocks improved yield by more than 40% compared with their parents, and the best hybrid yield outperformed the reference commercial variety by 65% under both optimal and minimal irrigation treatments. To characterize the genetics of underground heterosis we conducted whole genome re-sequencing of the 20 founder lines, and showed that parental genetic distance was no predictor for the level of heterosis. Through inference of the 190 hybrid genotypes from their parental genomes, followed by genome-wide association analysis, we mapped multiple quantitative trait loci for root-mediated yield. Yield enhancement of the four best-performing hybrid rootstocks was validated in multiple experiments with four different scion varieties. Our grafting approach is complementary to the common roots genetic approach that focuses mainly on variation in root system architecture, and is a step towards discovery of candidate genes involved in root function and yield enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Dafna
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 3009500, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilan Halperin
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 3009500, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elad Oren
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 3009500, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Isaacson
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 3009500, Israel
| | - Galil Tzuri
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 3009500, Israel
| | - Ayala Meir
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 3009500, Israel
| | - Arthur A Schaffer
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 15159, Rishon LeZiyyon 7507101, Israel
| | - Joseph Burger
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 3009500, Israel
| | - Yaakov Tadmor
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 3009500, Israel
| | - Edward S Buckler
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Amit Gur
- Plant Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya’ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay 3009500, Israel
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19
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Abstract
Tradeoffs among plant traits help maintain relative fitness under unpredictable conditions and maximize reproductive success. However, modifying tradeoffs is a breeding challenge since many genes of minor effect are involved. The intensive crosstalk and fine-tuning between growth and defense responsive phytohormones via transcription factors optimizes growth, reproduction, and stress tolerance. There are regulating genes in grain crops that deploy diverse functions to overcome tradeoffs, e.g., miR-156-IPA1 regulates crosstalk between growth and defense to achieve high disease resistance and yield, while OsALDH2B1 loss of function causes imbalance among defense, growth, and reproduction in rice. GNI-A1 regulates seed number and weight in wheat by suppressing distal florets and altering assimilate distribution of proximal seeds in spikelets. Knocking out ABA-induced transcription repressors (AITRs) enhances abiotic stress adaptation without fitness cost in Arabidopsis. Deploying AITRs homologs in grain crops may facilitate breeding. This knowledge suggests overcoming tradeoffs through breeding may expose new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden
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20
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Wolde GM, Schreiber M, Trautewig C, Himmelbach A, Sakuma S, Mascher M, Schnurbusch T. Genome-wide identification of loci modifying spike-branching in tetraploid wheat. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1925-1943. [PMID: 33961064 PMCID: PMC8263435 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic modification of spike architecture is essential for improving wheat yield. Newly identified loci for the 'Miracle wheat' phenotype on chromosomes 1AS and 2BS have significant effects on spike traits. The wheat (Triticum ssp.) inflorescence, also known as a spike, forms an unbranched inflorescence in which the inflorescence meristem generates axillary spikelet meristems (SMs) destined to become sessile spikelets. Previously, we identified the putatively causative mutation in the branched headt (bht) gene (TtBH-A1) of tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum convar. compositum (L.f.) Filat.) responsible for the loss of SM identity, converting the non-branching spike to a branched wheat spike. In the current study, we performed whole-genome quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using 146 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between spike-branching wheat ('Miracle wheat') and an elite durum wheat cultivar showing broad phenotypic variation for spike architecture. Besides the previously found gene at the bht-A1 locus on the short arm of chromosome 2A, we also mapped two new modifier QTL for spike-branching on the short arm of chromosome 1A, termed bht-A2, and 2BS. Using biparental mapping population and GWAS in 302 diverse accessions, the 2BS locus was highly associated with coding sequence variation found at the homoeo-allele of TtBH-B1 (bht-B1). Thus, RILs that combined both bht-A1 and bht-B1 alleles showed additive genetic effects leading to increased penetrance and expressivity of the supernumerary spikelet and/or mini-spike formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizaw M Wolde
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany.
- Department of Plant Sciences One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Mona Schreiber
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Corinna Trautewig
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Axel Himmelbach
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Shun Sakuma
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Seeland, Germany.
- Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle, Germany.
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21
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Xie Q, Sparkes DL. Dissecting the trade-off of grain number and size in wheat. PLANTA 2021; 254:3. [PMID: 34117927 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03658-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Principal component and meta-QTL analyses identified genetic loci affecting the trade-off of wheat grain number and size, which could provide opportunities to optimize local breeding strategies for further yield improvement. Grain yield of wheat is complex, and its physiological and genetic bases remain largely unknown. Using the Forno/Oberkulmer recombinant inbred lines, this study validated the negative phenotypic relationships between thousand grain weight (TGW) and grain number components. This trade-off might be alleviated at the population level by early anthesis and at the shoot level by higher shoot biomass. Principal component (PC) analysis revealed three useful PCs, of which both PC1 and PC3 were positively associated with grain yield and grains m-2 through increased spikes m-2 (for PC1) or grains per spike (for PC3), while PC2 primarily reflected the trade-off of grain number and TGW. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping detected eight and seven loci for PC1 and PC2, respectively, on chromosomes 1D, 2A, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5A and 7B, individually explaining 11.7‒29.3% of phenotypic variations. Using the 1203 QTLs published previously, a meta-analysis was performed to reveal 12, 21, 37 and 54 genomic regions (MQTLs) affecting grains m-2, spikes m-2, grains per spike and TGW, respectively. Moreover, 67 MQTLs (96%) for grain number were coincided with the TGW MQTLs, with reverse phenotypic effects, suggesting intensive genetic trade-off between grain number and size. The AGP2 gene, which encodes ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase determining TGW, was found by haplotype analysis in the Forno/Oberkulmer population to affect grain number oppositely, indicating this trade-off at the gene level. Appropriate combinations of the QTLs/genes for local breeding targets, such as higher grain number or larger grains, therefore, would be critical to achieve future yield gains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Xie
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210 095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Debbie L Sparkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, Leicestershire, UK
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22
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Pretini N, Alonso MP, Vanzetti LS, Pontaroli AC, González FG. The physiology and genetics behind fruiting efficiency: a promising spike trait to improve wheat yield potential. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3987-4004. [PMID: 33681978 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fruiting efficiency (FE, grains per g of spike dry weight at anthesis) was proposed as a promising spike trait to improve wheat yield potential, based on its functional relationship with grain number determination and the evidence of trait variability in elite germplasm. During the last few years, we have witnessed great advances in the understanding of the physiological and genetic basis of this trait. The present review summarizes the recent heritability estimations and the genetic gains obtained when fruiting efficiency was measured at maturity (FEm, grains per g of chaff) and used as selection criterion. In addition, we propose spike ideotypes for contrasting fruiting efficiencies based on the fertile floret efficiency (FFE, fertile florets per g of spike dry weight at anthesis) and grain set (grains per fertile floret), together with other spike fertility-related traits. We also review novel genes and quantitative trait loci available for using marker-assisted selection for fruiting efficiency and other spike fertility traits. The possible trade-off between FE and grain weight and the genes reported to alter this relation are also considered. Finally, we discuss the benefits and future steps towards the use of fruiting efficiency as a selection criterion in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Pretini
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA, CONICET-UNNOBA-UNSADA), Monteagudo 2772 CP 2700, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María P Alonso
- Unidad Integrada Balcarce [Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata -Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA INTA Balcarce], Ruta 226 km 73.5 CP 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 CP C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo S Vanzetti
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 CP C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). EEA INTA Marcos Juárez, Ruta 12 s/n CP 2850, Marcos Juárez, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ana C Pontaroli
- Unidad Integrada Balcarce [Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata -Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), EEA INTA Balcarce], Ruta 226 km 73.5 CP 7620, Balcarce, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 CP C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda G González
- Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA, CONICET-UNNOBA-UNSADA), Monteagudo 2772 CP 2700, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). EEA INTA Pergamino, Ruta 32, km 4,5 CP 2700, Pergamino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Corsi B, Obinu L, Zanella CM, Cutrupi S, Day R, Geyer M, Lillemo M, Lin M, Mazza L, Percival-Alwyn L, Stadlmeier M, Mohler V, Hartl L, Cockram J. Identification of eight QTL controlling multiple yield components in a German multi-parental wheat population, including Rht24, WAPO-A1, WAPO-B1 and genetic loci on chromosomes 5A and 6A. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:1435-1454. [PMID: 33712876 PMCID: PMC8081691 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of 15 yield component traits in a German multi-founder population identified eight QTL each controlling ≥2 phenotypes, including the genetic loci Rht24, WAPO-A1 and WAPO-B1. Grain yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a polygenic trait representing the culmination of many developmental processes and their interactions with the environment. Toward maintaining genetic gains in yield potential, 'reductionist approaches' are commonly undertaken by which the genetic control of yield components, that collectively determine yield, are established. Here we use an eight-founder German multi-parental wheat population to investigate the genetic control and phenotypic trade-offs between 15 yield components. Increased grains per ear was significantly positively correlated with the number of fertile spikelets per ear and negatively correlated with the number of infertile spikelets. However, as increased grain number and fertile spikelet number per ear were significantly negatively correlated with thousand grain weight, sink strength limitations were evident. Genetic mapping identified 34 replicated quantitative trait loci (QTL) at two or more test environments, of which 24 resolved into eight loci each controlling two or more traits-termed here 'multi-trait QTL' (MT-QTL). These included MT-QTL associated with previously cloned genes controlling semi-dwarf plant stature, and with the genetic locus Reduced height 24 (Rht24) that further modulates plant height. Additionally, MT-QTL controlling spikelet number traits were located to chromosome 7A encompassing the gene WHEAT ORTHOLOG OF APO1 (WAPO-A1), and to its homoeologous location on chromosome 7B containing WAPO-B1. The genetic loci identified in this study, particularly those that potentially control multiple yield components, provide future opportunities for the targeted investigation of their underlying genes, gene networks and phenotypic trade-offs, in order to underpin further genetic gains in yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lia Obinu
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Rob Day
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Manuel Geyer
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Morten Lillemo
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Min Lin
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | | | | | - Melanie Stadlmeier
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Saatzucht Donau GesmbH and Co KG, Mendelweg 1, 4981, Reichersberg, Austria
| | - Volker Mohler
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Lorenz Hartl
- Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - James Cockram
- NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK.
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24
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Dissection of Genetic Basis Underpinning Kernel Weight-Related Traits in Common Wheat. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040713. [PMID: 33916985 PMCID: PMC8103506 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic dissection kernel weight-related traits is of great significance for improving wheat yield potential. As one of the three major yield components of wheat, thousand kernel weight (TKW) was mainly affected by grain length (GL) and grain width (GW). To uncover the key loci for these traits, we carried out a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of an F6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) population derived from a cross of Henong 5290 (small grain) and 06Dn23 (big grain) with a 50 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A total of 17 stable and big effect QTL, including 5 for TKW, 8 for GL and 4 for GW, were detected on the chromosomes 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 4B, 5A, 6A and 6D, respectively. Among these, there were two co-located loci for three traits that were mapped on the chromosome 4BS and 6AL. The QTL on 6AL was the most stable locus and explained 15.4–24.8%, 4.1–8.8% and 15.7–24.4% of TKW, GW and GL variance, respectively. In addition, two more major QTL of GL were located on chromosome arm 2BL and 2DL, accounting for 9.7–17.8% and 13.6–19.8% of phenotypic variance, respectively. In this study, we found one novel co-located QTL associated with GL and TKW in 2DL, QGl.haaf-2DL.2/QTkw.haaf-2DL.2, which could explain 13.6–19.8% and 9.8–10.7% phenotypic variance, respectively. Genetic regions and linked markers of these stable QTL will help to further refine mapping of the corresponding loci and marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding for wheat grain yield potential improvement.
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25
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Calderini DF, Castillo FM, Arenas‐M A, Molero G, Reynolds MP, Craze M, Bowden S, Milner MJ, Wallington EJ, Dowle A, Gomez LD, McQueen‐Mason SJ. Overcoming the trade-off between grain weight and number in wheat by the ectopic expression of expansin in developing seeds leads to increased yield potential. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:629-640. [PMID: 33124693 PMCID: PMC8048851 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is the most widely grown crop globally, providing 20% of all human calories and protein. Achieving step changes in genetic yield potential is crucial to ensure food security, but efforts are thwarted by an apparent trade-off between grain size and number. Expansins are proteins that play important roles in plant growth by enhancing stress relaxation in the cell wall, which constrains cell expansion. Here, we describe how targeted overexpression of an α-expansin in early developing wheat seeds leads to a significant increase in grain size without a negative effect on grain number, resulting in a yield boost under field conditions. The best-performing transgenic line yielded 12.3% higher average grain weight than the control, and this translated to an increase in grain yield of 11.3% in field experiments using an agronomically appropriate plant density. This targeted transgenic approach provides an opportunity to overcome a common bottleneck to yield improvement across many crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Calderini
- Institute of Plant Production and ProtectionUniversidad Austral de ChileCampus Isla TejaValdivia5090000Chile
| | - Francisca M. Castillo
- Institute of Plant Production and ProtectionUniversidad Austral de ChileCampus Isla TejaValdivia5090000Chile
- Institute of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversidad Austral de ChileValdivia5090000Chile
| | - Anita Arenas‐M
- Institute of Plant Production and ProtectionUniversidad Austral de ChileCampus Isla TejaValdivia5090000Chile
- Institute of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversidad Austral de ChileValdivia5090000Chile
| | - Gemma Molero
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)El BatánTexcocoCP 56237Mexico
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)El BatánTexcocoCP 56237Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Adam Dowle
- CNAPBiology DepartmentUniversity of YorkWentworth Way, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5YWUK
| | - Leonardo D. Gomez
- CNAPBiology DepartmentUniversity of YorkWentworth Way, HeslingtonYorkYO10 5YWUK
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26
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Li T, Deng G, Tang Y, Su Y, Wang J, Cheng J, Yang Z, Qiu X, Pu X, Zhang H, Liang J, Yu M, Wei Y, Long H. Identification and Validation of a Novel Locus Controlling Spikelet Number in Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:611106. [PMID: 33719283 PMCID: PMC7952655 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.611106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Spikelet number is an important target trait for wheat yield improvement. Thus, the identification and verification of novel quantitative trait locus (QTL)/genes controlling spikelet number are essential for dissecting the underlying molecular mechanisms and hence for improving grain yield. In the present study, we constructed a high-density genetic map for the Kechengmai1/Chuanmai42 doubled haploid (DH) population using 13,068 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from the Wheat 55K SNP array. A comparison between the genetic and physical maps indicated high consistence of the marker orders. Based on this genetic map, a total of 27 QTLs associated with total spikelet number per spike (TSN) and fertile spikelet number per spike (FSN) were detected on chromosomes 1B, 1D, 2B, 2D, 3D, 4A, 4D, 5A, 5B, 5D, 6A, 6B, and 7D in five environments. Among them, five QTLs on chromosome 2D, 3D, 5A, and 7D were detected in multiple environments and combined QTL analysis, explaining the phenotypic variance ranging from 3.64% to 23.28%. Particularly, QTsn/Fsn.cib-3D for TSN and FSN [phenotypic variation explained (PVE) = 5.97-23.28%, limit of detection (LOD) = 3.73-18.51] is probably a novel locus and located in a 4.5-cM interval on chromosome arm 3DL flanking by the markers AX-110914105 and AX-109429351. This QTL was further validated in other two populations with different genetic backgrounds using the closely linked Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) marker KASP_AX-110914105. The results indicated that QTsn/Fsn.cib-3D significantly increased the TSN (5.56-7.96%) and FSN (5.13-9.35%), which were significantly correlated with grain number per spike (GNS). We also preliminary analyzed the candidate genes within this locus by sequence similarity, spatial expression patterns, and collinearity analysis. These results provide solid foundation for future fine mapping and cloning of QTsn/Fsn.cib-3D. The developed and validated KASP markers could be utilized in molecular breeding aiming to increase the grain yield in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangbing Deng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Su
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuebing Qiu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Pu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Haili Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjun Liang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoqun Yu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Long
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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27
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Nyine M, Adhikari E, Clinesmith M, Aiken R, Betzen B, Wang W, Davidson D, Yu Z, Guo Y, He F, Akhunova A, Jordan KW, Fritz AK, Akhunov E. The Haplotype-Based Analysis of Aegilops tauschii Introgression Into Hard Red Winter Wheat and Its Impact on Productivity Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:716955. [PMID: 34484280 PMCID: PMC8416154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.716955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The introgression from wild relatives have a great potential to broaden the availability of beneficial allelic diversity for crop improvement in breeding programs. Here, we assessed the impact of the introgression from 21 diverse accessions of Aegilops tauschii, the diploid ancestor of the wheat D genome, into 6 hard red winter wheat cultivars on yield and yield component traits. We used 5.2 million imputed D genome SNPs identified by the whole-genome sequencing of parental lines and the sequence-based genotyping of introgression population, including 351 BC1F3:5 lines. Phenotyping data collected from the irrigated and non-irrigated field trials revealed that up to 23% of the introgression lines (ILs) produce more grain than the parents and check cultivars. Based on 16 yield stability statistics, the yield of 12 ILs (3.4%) was stable across treatments, years, and locations; 5 of these lines were also high yielding lines, producing 9.8% more grain than the average yield of check cultivars. The most significant SNP- and haplotype-trait associations were identified on chromosome arms 2DS and 6DL for the spikelet number per spike (SNS), on chromosome arms 2DS, 3DS, 5DS, and 7DS for grain length (GL) and on chromosome arms 1DL, 2DS, 6DL, and 7DS for grain width (GW). The introgression of haplotypes from A. tauschii parents was associated with an increase in SNS, which was positively correlated with a heading date (HD), whereas the haplotypes from hexaploid wheat parents were associated with an increase in GW. We show that the haplotypes on 2DS associated with an increase in the spikelet number and HD are linked with multiple introgressed alleles of Ppd-D1 identified by the whole-genome sequencing of A. tauschii parents. Meanwhile, some introgressed haplotypes exhibited significant pleiotropic effects with the direction of effects on the yield component traits being largely consistent with the previously reported trade-offs, there were haplotype combinations associated with the positive trends in yield. The characterized repertoire of the introgressed haplotypes derived from A. tauschii accessions with the combined positive effects on yield and yield component traits in elite germplasm provides a valuable source of alleles for improving the productivity of winter wheat by optimizing the contribution of component traits to yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Nyine
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Elina Adhikari
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Marshall Clinesmith
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Robert Aiken
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Bliss Betzen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Dwight Davidson
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Zitong Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Yuanwen Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Fei He
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Alina Akhunova
- Integrated Genomics Facility, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Katherine W. Jordan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Allan K. Fritz
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Eduard Akhunov
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
- *Correspondence: Eduard Akhunov
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28
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Liu H, Zhang X, Xu Y, Ma F, Zhang J, Cao Y, Li L, An D. Identification and validation of quantitative trait loci for kernel traits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:529. [PMID: 33225903 PMCID: PMC7682089 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kernel weight and morphology are important traits affecting cereal yields and quality. Dissecting the genetic basis of thousand kernel weight (TKW) and its related traits is an effective method to improve wheat yield. RESULTS In this study, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis using recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross 'PuBing3228 × Gao8901' (PG-RIL) to dissect the genetic basis of kernel traits. A total of 17 stable QTLs related to kernel traits were identified, notably, two stable QTLs QTkw.cas-1A.2 and QTkw.cas-4A explained the largest portion of the phenotypic variance for TKW and kernel length (KL), and the other two stable QTLs QTkw.cas-6A.1 and QTkw.cas-7D.2 contributed more effects on kernel width (KW). Conditional QTL analysis revealed that the stable QTLs for TKW were mainly affected by KW. The QTLs QTkw.cas-7D.2 and QKw.cas-7D.1 associated with TKW and KW were delimited to the physical interval of approximately 3.82 Mb harboring 47 candidate genes. Among them, the candidate gene TaFT-D1 had a 1 bp insertions/deletion (InDel) within the third exon, which might be the reason for diversity in TKW and KW between the two parents. A Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) marker of TaFT-D1 allele was developed and verified by PG-RIL and a natural population consisted of 141 cultivar/lines. It was found that the favorable TaFT-D1 (G)-allele has been positively selected during Chinese wheat breeding. Thus, these results can be used for further positional cloning and marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs. CONCLUSIONS Seventeen stable QTLs related to kernel traits were identified. The stable QTLs for thousand kernel weight were mainly affected by kernel width. TaFT-D1 could be the candidate gene for QTLs QTkw.cas-7D.2 and QKw.cas-7D.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
| | - Feifei Ma
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lihui Li
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Diaoguo An
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China.
- The Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Yang J, Zhou Y, Hu W, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhao H, Cao T, Liu Z. Unlocking the relationships among population structure, plant architecture, growing season, and environmental adaptation in Henan wheat cultivars. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:469. [PMID: 33046012 PMCID: PMC7552505 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecological environments shape plant architecture and alter the growing season, which provides the basis for wheat genetic improvement. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of grain yield and yield-related traits in specific ecological environments is important. RESULTS A structured panel of 96 elite wheat cultivars grown in the High-yield zone of Henan province in China was genotyped using an Illumina iSelect 90 K SNP assay. Selection pressure derived from ecological environments of mountain front and plain region provided the initial impetus for population divergence. This determined the dominant traits in two subpopulations (spike number and spike percentage were dominance in subpopulation 2:1; thousand-kernel weight, grain filling rate (GFR), maturity date (MD), and fertility period (FP) were dominance in subpopulation 2:2), which was also consistent with their inheritance from the donor parents. Genome wide association studies identified 107 significant SNPs for 12 yield-related traits and 10 regions were pleiotropic to multiple traits. Especially, GY was co-located with MD/FP, GFR and HD at QTL-ple5A, QTL-ple7A.1 and QTL-ple7B.1 region. Further selective sweep analysis revealled that regions under selection were around QTLs for these traits. Especially, grain yield (GY) is positively correlated with MD/FP and they were co-located at the VRN-1A locus. Besides, a selective sweep signal was detected at VRN-1B locus which was only significance to MD/FP. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that extensive differential in allele frequency driven by ecological selection has shaped plant architecture and growing season during yield improvement. The QTLs for yield and yield components detected in this study probably be selectively applied in molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Yanjie Zhou
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
- Henan Academy of Crop Molecular Breeding, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Yu’e Zhang
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Center for Desert Agriculture, Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Yongxing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Tingjie Cao
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002 Henan China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
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Molecular and genetic pathways for optimizing spikelet development and grain yield. ABIOTECH 2020; 1:276-292. [PMID: 36304128 PMCID: PMC9590455 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-020-00026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The spikelet is a unique structure of inflorescence in grasses that generates one to many flowers depending on its determinate or indeterminate meristem activity. The growth patterns and number of spikelets, furthermore, define inflorescence architecture and yield. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying spikelet development and evolution are attractive to both biologists and breeders. Based on the progress in rice and maize, along with increasing numbers of genetic mutants and genome sequences from other grass families, the regulatory networks underpinning spikelet development are becoming clearer. This is particularly evident for domesticated traits in agriculture. This review focuses on recent progress on spikelet initiation, and spikelet and floret fertility, by comparing results from Arabidopsis with that of rice, sorghum, maize, barley, wheat, Brachypodium distachyon, and Setaria viridis. This progress may benefit genetic engineering and molecular breeding to enhance grain yield.
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Arriagada O, Marcotuli I, Gadaleta A, Schwember AR. Molecular Mapping and Genomics of Grain Yield in Durum Wheat: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197021. [PMID: 32987666 PMCID: PMC7582296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Durum wheat is the most relevant cereal for the whole of Mediterranean agriculture, due to its intrinsic adaptation to dryland and semi-arid environments and to its strong historical cultivation tradition. It is not only relevant for the primary production sector, but also for the food industry chains associated with it. In Mediterranean environments, wheat is mostly grown under rainfed conditions and the crop is frequently exposed to environmental stresses, with high temperatures and water scarcity especially during the grain filling period. For these reasons, and due to recurrent disease epidemics, Mediterranean wheat productivity often remains under potential levels. Many studies, using both linkage analysis (LA) and a genome-wide association study (GWAS), have identified the genomic regions controlling the grain yield and the associated markers that can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs. Here, we have summarized all the current studies identifying quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and/or candidate genes involved in the main traits linked to grain yield: kernel weight, number of kernels per spike and number of spikes per unit area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvin Arriagada
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 306-22 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Ilaria Marcotuli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Agata Gadaleta
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrés R. Schwember
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 306-22 Santiago, Chile;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-223544123
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Guan P, Shen X, Mu Q, Wang Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Chen X, Zhao A, Mao W, Guo Y, Xin M, Hu Z, Yao Y, Ni Z, Sun Q, Peng H. Dissection and validation of a QTL cluster linked to Rht-B1 locus controlling grain weight in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using near-isogenic lines. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:2639-2653. [PMID: 32488301 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study dissected and validated a QTL cluster associated with thousand grain weight on chromosome 4B using multiple near-isogenic lines in common wheat. Grain size and weight are crucial components of wheat yield. Previously, we identified a QTL cluster for thousand grain weight (TGW) on chromosome 4B using the Nongda3338 (ND3338)/Jingdong6 (JD6) doubled haploid population. Here, near-isogenic lines (NILs) in the ND3338 background were developed to dissect and validate the QTL cluster. Based on six independent BC3F3:4 heterogeneous inbred families, the 4B QTL cluster was divided into two linked QTL intervals (designated 4B.1 and 4B.2 QTL). For the 4B.1 QTL, the Rht-B1 gene, of which Rht-B1b allele reduces plant height (PH) by 21.18-29.34 cm (34.34-53.71%), was demonstrated to be the most likely candidate gene with pleiotropic effects on grain size and TGW. For the 4B.2 QTL, the NILJD6 consistently showed an increase in TGW of 3.51-7.68 g (8.84-22.77%) compared with NILND3338 across different field trials, along with a significant increase in PH of 2.26-6.71 cm (3.92-12.01%). Moreover, both QTL intervals had a larger effect on grain width than on grain length. Additionally, the first significant difference in 100-grain fresh weight and 100-grain dry weight between the NIL pairs of the 4B.1 QTL interval (Rht-B1) was observed at 6 days after pollination (DAP), while the differences were first visible at 30 DAP for the 4B.2 QTL interval. Collectively, our work provides a new example of QTL dissection for grain weight in wheat and lays a foundation for further map-based cloning of the major QTL that have potential applications in wheat molecular breeding for high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueyi Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongfa Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiyong Chen
- Hebei Crop Genetic Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Aiju Zhao
- Hebei Crop Genetic Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops of Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050035, China
| | - Weiwei Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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DeHaan L, Larson S, López-Marqués RL, Wenkel S, Gao C, Palmgren M. Roadmap for Accelerated Domestication of an Emerging Perennial Grain Crop. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:525-537. [PMID: 32407693 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Shifting the life cycle of grain crops from annual to perennial would usher in a new era of agriculture that is more environmentally friendly, resilient to climate change, and capable of soil carbon sequestration. Despite decades of work, transforming the annual grain crop wheat (Triticum aestivum) into a perennial has yet to be realized. Direct domestication of wild perennial grass relatives of wheat, such as Thinopyrum intermedium, is an alternative approach. Here we highlight protein coding sequences in the recently released T. intermedium genome sequence that may be orthologous to domestication genes identified in annual grain crops. Their presence suggests a roadmap for the accelerated domestication of this plant using new breeding technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee DeHaan
- The Land Institute, 2440 E. Water Well Road, Salina, KS 67401, USA
| | - Steve Larson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Forage and Range Research, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-6300, USA
| | - Rosa L López-Marqués
- NovoCrops Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Stephan Wenkel
- NovoCrops Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Caixia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Center for Genome Editing, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Michael Palmgren
- NovoCrops Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Guan P, Di N, Mu Q, Shen X, Wang Y, Wang X, Yu K, Song W, Chen Y, Xin M, Hu Z, Guo W, Yao Y, Ni Z, Sun Q, Peng H. Use of near-isogenic lines to precisely map and validate a major QTL for grain weight on chromosome 4AL in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:2367-2379. [PMID: 31119311 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03359-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study precisely mapped and validated a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 4AL for thousand-grain weight in wheat using multiple near-isogenic lines. Thousand-grain weight (TGW) is an essential yield component. Following the previous identification of a major QTL for TGW within the interval of 15.7 cM (92.7-108.4 cM) on chromosome 4AL using the Nongda3338 (ND3338)/Jingdong6 (JD6) doubled haploid population, the aim of this study was to perform more precise mapping and validate the genetic effect of the QTL. Multiple near-isogenic lines (NILs) were developed using ND3338 as the recurrent parent through marker-assisted selection. Based on five independent BC3F3:4 segregating populations derived from BC3F3 plants with different heterozygous segments for the target QTL site and the results of genotyping analysis performed using the Wheat660 K SNP array, it was possible to delimit the QTL region to a physical interval of approximately 6.5 Mb (677.11-683.61 Mb, IWGSC Ref Seq v1.0). Field trials across multiple environments showed that NILsJD6 had a consistent effect on increasing the TGW by 5.16-27.48% and decreasing the grain number per spike (GNS) by 3.98-32.91% compared to the corresponding NILsND3338, which exhibited locus-specific TGW-GNS trade-offs. Moreover, by using RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of whole grains at 10 days after pollination stage of multiple NILs, we found that differentially expressed genes between the NIL pairs were significantly enriched for cell cycle and the replication of chromosome-related genes, hence affecting cell division and cell proliferation. Overall, our results provide a basis for map-based cloning of the major QTL and determining the mechanisms underlying TGW-GNS trade-offs in wheat, which would help to fine-tune these two components and maximize the grain yield for breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panfeng Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Na Di
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueyi Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongfa Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kuohai Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wanjun Song
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingming Xin
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaorong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weilong Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongfu Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiru Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology/Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, Ministry of Education/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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