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Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Role in Mechanisms Underlying Effects of Quercetin on Heart Function in Aged Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094457. [PMID: 33923282 PMCID: PMC8123171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several mechanisms may contribute to cardiovascular pathology associated with diabetes, including dysregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Quercetin (QCT) is a substance with preventive effects in treatment of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The aim of the present study was to explore effects of chronic QCT administration on changes in heart function in aged lean and obese Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats and that in association with MMPs. Signaling underlying effects of diabetes and QCT were also investigated. In the study, we used one-year-old lean and obese ZDF rats treated for 6 weeks with QCT. Results showed that obesity worsened heart function and this was associated with MMP-2 upregulation, MMP-28 downregulation, and inhibition of superoxide dismutases (SODs). Treatment with QCT did not modulate diabetes-induced changes in heart function and MMPs. However, QCT activated Akt kinase and reversed effects of diabetes on SODs inhibition. In conclusion, worsened heart function due to obesity involved changes in MMP-2 and MMP-28 and attenuation of antioxidant defense by SOD. QCT did not have positive effects on improvement of heart function or modulation of MMPs. Nevertheless, its application mediated activation of adaptive responses against oxidative stress through Akt kinase and prevention of diabetes-induced negative effects on antioxidant defense by SODs.
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Luo S, Li W, Wu W, Shi Q. Elevated expression of MMP8 and MMP9 contributes to diabetic osteoarthritis progression in a rat model. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:64. [PMID: 33468174 PMCID: PMC7814732 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) is very limited. Previous studies have shown that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 8 and MMP9 were upregulated in patients with diabetic OA. However, their regulatory functions and mechanisms in diabetic OA are not fully understood. METHODS Diabetic OA rats were constructed using a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ) induction. Safranin O-Fast green staining was used to detect the pathological changes in rat knee cartilage. MMP8 and MMP9 overexpression vectors or siRNAs were injected into diabetic OA rats to overexpress or knockdown the expression of MMP8 and MMP9, which was verified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The expression of MMP8 and MMP9, chondrocyte differentiation markers collagen type II alpha 1 (COL2A1) and collagen type I alpha 1(COL1A1), and antiapoptotic protein BCL2 were detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC), and the number of apoptotic cells was detected by the transferase-mediated d-UTP nick-end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS High-fat diet combined with STZ-induced rats exhibited joint cartilage damage, morphological changes, and increased expression of MMP8 and MMP9. Overexpression of MMP8 and MMP9 in the joint cavity further aggravated the pathological morphological changes, decreased the expression of COL2A1 and COL1A1, increased the expression of BCL2, and promoted cell apoptosis in diabetic OA rats. The use of siRNA to inhibit MMP8 and MMP9 levels in the cartilage joints significantly reversed the decrease in COL2A1 and COL1A1 expression and partially reversed BCL2 expression and chondrocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION MMP8 and MMP9 promoted rat diabetic OA model. The underlying mechanism may be related to inhibiting cartilage differentiation and promoting chondrocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Luo
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wuji Li
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wenrui Wu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Qiping Shi
- Department of Endocrine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Goenka V, Borkar T, Desai A, Das RK. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in treating both types of diabetes mellitus and associated diseases. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:1979-1993. [PMID: 33520872 PMCID: PMC7843693 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00647-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common lifestyle disease which can be classified into type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus. While both result in hyperglycemia due to lack of insulin action and further associated chronic ailments, there is a marked distinction in the cause for each type due to which both require a different prophylaxis. As observed, type 1 diabetes is caused due to the autoimmune action of the body resulting in the destruction of pancreatic islet cells. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes is caused either due to insulin resistance of target cells or lack of insulin production as per physiological requirements. Attempts to cure the disease have been made by bringing drastic changes in the patients' lifestyle; parenteral administration of insulin; prescription of drugs such as biguanides, meglitinides, and amylin; pancreatic transplantation; and immunotherapy. While these attempts cause a certain degree of relief to the patient, none of these can cure diabetes mellitus. However, a new treatment strategy led by the discovery of mesenchymal stem cells and their unique immunomodulatory and multipotent properties has inspired therapies to treat diabetes by essentially reversing the conditions causing the disease. The current review aims to enumerate the role of various mesenchymal stem cells and the different approaches to treat both types of diabetes and its associated diseases as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidul Goenka
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Tanhai Borkar
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Aska Desai
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Raunak Kumar Das
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu India
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Huang LY, Yen IC, Tsai WC, Lee SY. Rhodiola crenulata Suppresses High Glucose-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression and Inflammatory Responses by Inhibiting ROS-Related HMGB1-TLR4 Signaling in Endothelial Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:91-105. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x20500056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Rhodiola crenulata, a popular folk medicine for anti-altitude sickness in Tibet, has been shown to have protective effects against high glucose (HG)-induced endothelial cell dysfunction in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, its mechanisms of action are unclear. Here, we aimed to examine the effects and the mechanisms of action of Rhodiola crenulata extract (RCE) on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory responses under HG conditions. HUVECs were pretreated with RCE or untreated and then exposed to 33[Formula: see text]mM glucose medium for 24[Formula: see text]h. The levels of oxidative stress markers, MMPs, endogenous tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), and adhesion molecules were determined. Zymography assays were also carried out. We found that RCE significantly decreased HG-induced increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of MAPK and NF-[Formula: see text]B pathways. In addition, RCE not only significantly reduced the expression and activities of MMPs but also upregulated TIMP protein levels. Consistently, HG-induced activation of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88) signaling pathway, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as well as endothelial cell apoptosis was inhibited by RCE treatment. RCE exerts protective effects on endothelial cells against HG insult, partially by suppressing the HMGB1/TLR4 axis. These findings indicate that Rhodiola crenulata may be a potential therapeutic agent for diabetes-associated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Chuan Yen
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Majumder S, Ren L, Pushpakumar S, Sen U. Hydrogen sulphide mitigates homocysteine-induced apoptosis and matrix remodelling in mesangial cells through Akt/FOXO1 signalling cascade. Cell Signal 2019; 61:66-77. [PMID: 31085234 PMCID: PMC6561819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellular damage and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein in the glomerulo-interstitial space are the signatures of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), a high level of homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with CKD and further contributes to kidney damage. Despite a large number of studies, the signalling mechanism of Hcy-mediated cellular damage and ECM remodelling in kidney remains inconclusive. Hcy metabolizes to produce hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and a number of studies have shown that H2S mitigates the adverse effect of HHcy in a variety of diseases involving several signalling molecules, including forkhead box O (FOXO) protein. FOXO is a group of transcription factor that includes FOXO1, which plays important roles in cell growth and proliferation. On the other hand, a cell survival factor, Akt regulates FOXO under normal condition. However, the involvement of Akt/FOXO1 pathway in Hcy-induced mesangial cell damage remains elusive, and whether H2S plays any protective roles has yet to be clearly defined. We treated mouse mesangial cells with or without H2S donor, GYY4137 and FOXO1 inhibitor, AS1842856 in HHcy condition and determined the involvement of Akt/FOXO1 signalling cascades. Our results indicated that Hcy inactivated Akt and activated FOXO1 by dephosphorylating both the signalling molecules and induced FOXO1 nuclear translocation followed by activation of the FOXO1 transcription factor. These led to the induction of cellular apoptosis and synthesis of excessive ECM protein, in part, due to increased ROS production, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reduction in intracellular ATP concentration, increased MMP-2, -9, -14 mRNA and protein expression, and Col I, IV and fibronectin protein expression. Interestingly, GYY4137 or AS1842856 treatment prevented these changes by modulating Akt/FOXO1 axis in HHcy. We conclude that GYY4137 and/or AS1842856 mitigates HHcy induced mesangial cell damage and ECM remodelling by regulating Akt/FOXO1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suravi Majumder
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States of America.
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Hydrogen Sulfide Protects Hyperhomocysteinemia-Induced Renal Damage by Modulation of Caveolin and eNOS Interaction. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2223. [PMID: 30778103 PMCID: PMC6379383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of homocysteine (Hcy) during chronic kidney failure (CKD) can exert toxic effects on the glomeruli and tubulo-interstitial region. Among the potential mechanisms, the formation of highly reactive metabolite, Hcy thiolactone, is known to modify proteins by N-homocysteinylation, leading to protein degradation, stress and impaired function. Previous studies documented impaired nitric oxide production and altered caveolin expression in hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), leading to endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to determine whether Hhcy homocysteinylates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and alters caveolin-1 expression to decrease nitric oxide bioavailability, causing hypertension and renal dysfunction. We also examined whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) could dehomocysteinylate eNOS to protect the kidney. WT and Cystathionine β-Synthase deficient (CBS+/-) mice representing HHcy were treated without or with sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS), a H2S donor (30 µM), in drinking water for 8 weeks. Hhcy mice (CBS+/-) showed low levels of plasma H2S, elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and renal dysfunction. H2S treatment reduced SBP and improved renal function. Hhcy was associated with homocysteinylation of eNOS, reduced enzyme activity and upregulation of caveolin-1 expression. Further, Hhcy increased extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition and disruption of gap junction proteins, connexins. H2S treatment reversed the changes above and transfection of triple genes producing H2S (CBS, CSE and 3MST) showed reduction of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. We conclude that during Hhcy, homocysteinylation of eNOS and disruption of caveolin-mediated regulation leads to ECM remodeling and hypertension, and H2S treatment attenuates renovascular damage.
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Asgari R, Mansouri K, Bakhtiari M, Vaisi-Raygani A. CD147 as an apoptosis regulator in spermatogenesis: deciphering its association with matrix metalloproteinases' pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:1099-1105. [PMID: 30600459 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4568-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CD147 plays an important role in germ cells migration and survival/apoptosis during the spermatogenesis process. However, to best of our knowledge, there is no report on the exact role of CD147 gene in the regulation of germ cells apoptosis through matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). So, the current study aims to evaluate the role of CD147 gene expression in the regulation of germ cells apoptosis in conjunction with MMPs. Real-Time PCR was applied to investigate the expression of CD147, MMP2, MMP7, and MMP9 genes in the azoospermic patients and fertile males. Receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to interpret gene expression data. According to our results, a significant decrease in the expression of CD147 gene and an increase in MMPs genes expression were observed in infertile patients compared to fertile males. These results proved this fact that the CD147 gene has an important role in the regulation of germ cells apoptosis via a MMPs-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezvan Asgari
- Medical Biology Research Center (MBRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center (MBRC), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mitra Bakhtiari
- Department of Anatomical Sciences & Cell Biology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Fertility and Sterility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Asad Vaisi-Raygani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Li G, Xing W, Zhang M, Geng F, Yang H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Li J, Dong L, Gao F. Antifibrotic cardioprotection of berberine via downregulating myocardial IGF-1 receptor-regulated MMP-2/MMP-9 expression in diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H802-H813. [PMID: 29957017 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00093.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiac fibrosis increases ventricular stiffness and facilitates the occurrence of diastolic dysfunction. Our previous studies have shown that berberine, a natural alkaloid, attenuates cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of long-term berberine treatment on cardiac remodeling in diabetic rats and the underlying mechanisms. Diabetic rats induced by low-dose streptozotocin injection combined with 8 wk of high-fat diet displayed significant cardiac matrix collagen deposition and dysfunction, whereas berberine administration (200 mg·kg-1·day-1, gavage 4 wk) significantly ameliorated cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction and reduced cardiac IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression in diabetic rats. Interestingly, IGF-1R expression was upregulated in cardiac fibroblasts isolated from diabetic hearts or cultured in high-glucose conditions (30 mM). High glucose treatment or IGF-1R overexpression increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/MMP-9 expression, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen type I expression in cardiac fibroblasts. In contrast, berberine treatment significantly inhibited IGF-1R expression and exerted an antifibrotic effect in high glucose-cultured cardiac fibroblasts, as manifested by decreased MMP-2/MMP-9, α-SMA, and collagen type I expression, whereas IGF-1R siRNA plus berberine treatment did not further enhance this antifibrotic effect compared with berberine treatment alone. Taken together, long-term berberine treatment ameliorates cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction by downregulating IGF-1R expression in cardiac fibroblasts and subsequently reducing MMP-2/MMP-9, α-SMA, and collagen type I expression in diabetic hearts. The findings suggest the therapeutic potential of berberine for diabetic cardiomyopathy associated with cardiac fibrosis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Berberine downregulated IGF-1 receptor expression and matrix metalloproteinase-2/matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels in cardiac fibroblasts and thus inhibited fibroblast differentiation and collagen overproduction in diabetic hearts, suggesting a novel mechanism for antifibrotic cardioprotection of berberine in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Li
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Wenjuan Xing
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Fenghao Geng
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Experimental Teaching Center, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Ling Dong
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China.,Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
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Huang LY, Yen IC, Tsai WC, Ahmetaj-Shala B, Chang TC, Tsai CS, Lee SY. Rhodiola crenulata Attenuates High Glucose Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:1201-1216. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rhodiola crenulata root extract (RCE), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism via the AMPK pathway in high glucose (HG) conditions. However, the effect of RCE on HG-induced endothelial dysfunction remains unclear. The present study was designed to examine the effects and mechanisms of RCE against hyperglycemic insult in endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pretreated with or without RCE and then exposed to 33[Formula: see text]mM HG medium. The cell viability, nitrite production, oxidative stress markers, and vasoactive factors, as well as the mechanisms underlying RCE action, were then investigated. We found that RCE significantly improved cell death, nitric oxide (NO) defects, and oxidative stress in HG conditions. In addition, RCE significantly decreased the HG-induced vasoactive markers, including endothelin-1 (ET-1), fibronectin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). However, the RCE-restored AMPK-Akt-eNOS-NO axis and cell viability were abolished by the presence of an AMPK inhibitor. These findings suggested that the protective effects of RCE were associated with the AMPK-Akt-eNOS-NO signaling pathway. In conclusion, we showed that RCE protected endothelial cells from hyperglycemic insult and demonstrated its potential for use as a treatment for endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - I-Chuan Yen
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Tsu-Chung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sung Tsai
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan Armed General Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Reddy HK, Koshy SKG, Wasson S, Quan EE, Pagni S, Roberts AM, Joshua IG, Tyagi SC. Adaptive-Outward and Maladaptive-Inward Arterial Remodeling Measured by Intravascular Ultrasound in Hyperhomocysteinemia and Diabetes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 11:65-76. [PMID: 16703221 DOI: 10.1177/107424840601100106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Coronary artery remodeling implies structural changes in the vessel wall in response to various pathophysiologic conditions. However, the classification of remodeling is unclear. We hypothesized that the adaptive, positive-outward remodeling is a reactive and compensatory response to the stress. The maladaptive negative-inward constrictive remodeling is a passive atherosclerotic condition in which the vessel becomes stiffer. Methods: Patients with atherosclerotic lesions underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) scans. The size of the vessels distal to and proximal to plaques were analyzed by IVUS. Diabetes was created in mice by an intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (65 mg/kg). To reduce remodeling, mice received ciglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor-g (PPARg) in drinking water. After 8 weeks, atherosclerotic vessels were analyzed for collagen and elastin. Results: IVUS data suggest an adaptive coronary arterial remodeling was a positive compensatory response to various pathologic stimuli; for example, with the deposition of atherosclerotic plaque, coronary arterial segments enlarged to maintain luminal area. This phenomenon was commonly observed during the initial phases of the development of atherosclerosis. However, negative coronary artery remodeling, or a decrease in vessel area with the formation of atherosclerotic plaque, was maladaptive and was associated with smoking, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia, diabetes mellitus, and also after percutaneous coronary interventions (restenosis). In diabetic mice, there was increased collagen and decreased elastin contents; however, treatment with ciglitazone ameliorated the decrease in elastin contents. Conclusion: Global enlargement of the coronary vascular tree occurs during pressure and volume overload associated with ventricular hypertrophic states such as athletic conditioning, hypertensive heart disease, and dilated cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, maladaptive coronary arterial remodeling occurs in patients with severe deconditioning, diabetes mellitus, after coronary artery bypass surgery, and in some instances, postintervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanumanth K Reddy
- Division of Cardiology, University of Missouri Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
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Christoffersson G, Waldén T, Sandberg M, Opdenakker G, Carlsson PO, Phillipson M. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is essential for physiological Beta cell function and islet vascularization in adult mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:1094-103. [PMID: 25665793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The availability of paracrine factors in the islets of Langerhans, and the constitution of the beta cell basement membrane can both be affected by proteolytic enzymes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the extracellular matrix-degrading enzyme gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 (Mmp-9) on islet function in mice. Islet function of Mmp9-deficient (Mmp9(-/-)) mice and their wild-type littermates was evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. The pancreata of Mmp9(-/-) mice did not differ from wild type in islet mass or distribution. However, Mmp9(-/-) mice had an impaired response to a glucose load in vivo, with lower serum insulin levels. The glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was reduced also in vitro in isolated Mmp9(-/-) islets. The vascular density of Mmp9(-/-) islets was lower, and the capillaries had fewer fenestrations, whereas the islet blood flow was threefold higher. These alterations could partly be explained by compensatory changes in the expression of matrix-related proteins. This in-depth investigation of the effects of the loss of MMP-9 function on pancreatic islets uncovers a deteriorated beta cell function that is primarily due to a shift in the beta cell phenotype, but also due to islet vascular aberrations. This likely reflects the importance of a normal islet matrix turnover exerted by MMP-9, and concomitant release of paracrine factors sequestered on the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomas Waldén
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monica Sandberg
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mia Phillipson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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12
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Sjøli S, Solli AI, Akselsen Ø, Jiang Y, Berg E, Hansen TV, Sylte I, Winberg JO. PAC-1 and isatin derivatives are weak matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:3162-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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13
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Mali VR, Ning R, Chen J, Yang XP, Xu J, Palaniyandi SS. Impairment of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal adduct formation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in mice fed a high-fat diet and injected with low-dose streptozotocin. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:610-8. [PMID: 24651616 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213520109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive aldehydes such as 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4HNE) are generated in the myocardium in cardiac disease. 4HNE and other toxic aldehydes form adducts with proteins, leading to cell damage and organ dysfunction. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) metabolize toxic aldehydes such as 4HNE into nontoxic metabolites. Both ALDH levels and activity are reduced in cardiac disease. We examined whether reduced ALDH2 activity contributes to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in mice fed a high-fat diet and injected with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). These mice exhibited most of the characteristics of metabolic syndrome/type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM): increased blood glucose levels depicting hyperglycemia (415.2 ± 18.7 mg/dL vs. 265.2 ± 7.6 mg/dL; P < 0.05), glucose intolerance with normal plasma insulin levels, suggesting insulin resistance and obesity as evident from increased weight (44 ± 3.1 vs. 34.50 ± 1.32 g; P < 0.05) and body fat. Myocardial ALDH2 activity was 60% lower in these mice (0.1 ± 0.012 vs. 0.04 ± 0.015 µmol/min/mg protein; P < 0.05). Myocardial 4HNE levels were also elevated in the hyperglycemic hearts. Co-immunoprecipitation study showed that 4HNE formed adducts on myocardial ALDH2 protein in the mice exhibiting metabolic syndrome/type-2 DM, and they had obvious cardiac hypertrophy compared with controls as evident from increased heart weight (HW), HW to tibial length ratio, left ventricular (LV) mass and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was correlated inversely with ALDH2 activity (R (2 )= 0.7; P < 0.05). Finally, cardiac dysfunction was observed in mice with metabolic syndrome/type-2 DM. Therefore, we conclude that reduced ALDH2 activity may contribute to cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in mice presenting with some of the characteristics of metabolic syndrome/type-2 DM when on a high-fat diet and low-dose STZ injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal R Mali
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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14
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A novel insulin receptor-signaling platform and its link to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1355-68. [PMID: 24583283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-induced insulin receptor (IR) tyrosine kinase activation and insulin cell survival responses have been reported to be under the regulation of a membrane associated mammalian neuraminidase-1 (Neu1). The molecular mechanism(s) behind this process is unknown. Here, we uncover a novel Neu1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) cross-talk in alliance with neuromedin B G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), which is essential for insulin-induced IR activation and cellular signaling. Neu1, MMP-9 and neuromedin B GPCR form a complex with IRβ subunit on the cell surface. Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu®), anti-Neu1 antibodies, broad range MMP inhibitors piperazine and galardin (GM6001), MMP-9 specific inhibitor (MMP-9i), and GPCR neuromedin B specific antagonist BIM-23127 dose-dependently inhibited Neu1 activity associated with insulin stimulated rat hepatoma cells (HTCs) that overly express human IRs (HTC-IR). Tamiflu, anti-Neu1 antibodies and MMP-9i attenuated phosphorylation of IRβ and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) associated with insulin-stimulated cells. Olanzapine, an antipsychotic agent associated with insulin resistance, induced Neu3 sialidase activity in WG544 or 1140F01 human sialidosis fibroblast cells genetically defective in Neu1. Neu3 antagonist 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid (DANA) and anti-Neu3 antibodies inhibited sialidase activity associated with olanzapine treated murine Neu4 knockout macrophage cells. Olanzapine attenuated phosphorylation of IGF-R and IRS1 associated with insulin-stimulated human wild-type fibroblast cells. Our findings identify a novel insulin receptor-signaling platform that is critically essential for insulin-induced IRβ tyrosine kinase activation and cellular signaling. Olanzapine-induced Neu3 sialidase activity attenuated insulin-induced IGF-R and IRS1 phosphorylation contributing to insulin resistance.
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Davey GC, Patil SB, O'Loughlin A, O'Brien T. Mesenchymal stem cell-based treatment for microvascular and secondary complications of diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:86. [PMID: 24936198 PMCID: PMC4047679 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide increase in the prevalence of Diabetes mellitus (DM) has highlighted the need for increased research efforts into treatment options for both the disease itself and its associated complications. In recent years, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been highlighted as a new emerging regenerative therapy due to their multipotency but also due to their paracrine secretion of angiogenic factors, cytokines, and immunomodulatory substances. This review focuses on the potential use of MSCs as a regenerative medicine in microvascular and secondary complications of DM and will discuss the challenges and future prospects of MSCs as a regenerative therapy in this field. MSCs are believed to have an important role in tissue repair. Evidence in recent years has demonstrated that MSCs have potent immunomodulatory functions resulting in active suppression of various components of the host immune response. MSCs may also have glucose lowering properties providing another attractive and unique feature of this therapeutic approach. Through a combination of the above characteristics, MSCs have been shown to exert beneficial effects in pre-clinical models of diabetic complications prompting initial clinical studies in diabetic wound healing and nephropathy. Challenges that remain in the clinical translation of MSC therapy include issues of MSC heterogeneity, optimal mode of cell delivery, homing of these cells to tissues of interest with high efficiency, clinically meaningful engraftment, and challenges with cell manufacture. An issue of added importance is whether an autologous or allogeneic approach will be used. In summary, MSC administration has significant potential in the treatment of diabetic microvascular and secondary complications but challenges remain in terms of engraftment, persistence, tissue targeting, and cell manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace C Davey
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) and Biosciences Building, National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
| | - Swapnil B Patil
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) and Biosciences Building, National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland
| | - Aonghus O'Loughlin
- Department of Medicine, Galway University Hospital (GUH) , Galway , Ireland
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) and Biosciences Building, National University of Ireland , Galway , Ireland ; Department of Medicine, Galway University Hospital (GUH) , Galway , Ireland
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16
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Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerative medicine. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:496218. [PMID: 23577036 PMCID: PMC3615627 DOI: 10.1155/2013/496218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are stromal cells that have the ability to self-renew and also exhibit multilineage differentiation into both mesenchymal and nonmesenchymal lineages. The intrinsic properties of these cells make them an attractive candidate for clinical applications. MSCs are of keen interest because they can be isolated from a small aspirate of bone marrow or adipose tissues and can be easily expanded in vitro. Moreover, their ability to modulate immune responses makes them an even more attractive candidate for regenerative medicine as allogeneic transplant of these cells is feasible without a substantial risk of immune rejection. MSCs secrete various immunomodulatory molecules which provide a regenerative microenvironment for a variety of injured tissues or organ to limit the damage and to increase self-regulated tissue regeneration. Autologous/allogeneic MSCs delivered via the bloodstream augment the titers of MSCs that are drawn to sites of tissue injury and can accelerate the tissue repair process. MSCs are currently being tested for their potential use in cell and gene therapy for a number of human debilitating diseases and genetic disorders. This paper summarizes the current clinical and nonclinical data for the use of MSCs in tissue repair and potential therapeutic role in various diseases.
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Li Y, Ma J, Zhu H, Singh M, Hill D, Greer PA, Arnold JM, Abel ED, Peng T. Targeted inhibition of calpain reduces myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in mouse models of type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2011; 60:2985-94. [PMID: 21911754 PMCID: PMC3198063 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently we have shown that calpain-1 activation contributes to cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by hyperglycemia. This study was undertaken to investigate whether targeted disruption of calpain would reduce myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in mouse models of type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Diabetes in mice was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and OVE26 mice were also used as a type 1 diabetic model. The function of calpain was genetically manipulated by cardiomyocyte-specific knockout Capn4 in mice and the use of calpastatin transgenic mice. Myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis were investigated 2 and 5 months after STZ injection or in OVE26 diabetic mice at the age of 5 months. Cultured isolated adult mouse cardiac fibroblast cells were also investigated under high glucose conditions. RESULTS Calpain activity, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional areas, and myocardial collagen deposition were significantly increased in both STZ-induced and OVE26 diabetic hearts, and these were accompanied by elevated expression of hypertrophic and fibrotic collagen genes. Deficiency of Capn4 or overexpression of calpastatin reduced myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in both diabetic models, leading to the improvement of myocardial function. These effects were associated with a normalization of the nuclear factor of activated T-cell nuclear factor-κB and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities in diabetic hearts. In cultured cardiac fibroblasts, high glucose-induced proliferation and MMP activities were prevented by calpain inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in diabetic mice are attenuated by reduction of calpain function. Thus targeted inhibition of calpain represents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for reversing diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calpain/antagonists & inhibitors
- Calpain/genetics
- Calpain/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/drug therapy
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart/drug effects
- Heart/physiopathology
- Hyperglycemia/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Myocardium/cytology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Streptozocin/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jian Ma
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manpreet Singh
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Hill
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter A. Greer
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - J. Malcolm Arnold
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tianqing Peng
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author: Tianqing Peng,
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Singh LP, Mishra A, Saha D, Swarnakar S. Doxycycline blocks gastric ulcer by regulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity and oxidative stress. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:3310-21. [PMID: 21876619 PMCID: PMC3160535 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i28.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To examine the effect of doxycycline on the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and oxidative stress in gastric tissues of rats following gastric injury.
METHODS: Gastric ulcers were generated in rats by administration of 70% ethanol, and activity of doxycycline was tested by administration 30 min prior to ethanol. Similarly, the effect of doxycycline was tested in an indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer model. The activities and expression of MMPs were examined by zymography and Western blot analysis.
RESULTS: Gastric injury in rats as judged by elevated ulcer indices following exposure to ulcerogen, either indomethacin or ethanol, was reversed significantly by doxycycline. Indomethacin-induced ulcerated gastric tissues exhibited about 12-fold higher proMMP-9 activity and about 5-fold higher proMMP-3 activity as compared to control tissues. Similarly, ethanol induced about 22-fold and about 6-fold higher proMMP-9 and proMMP-3 activities, respectively, in rat gastric tissues. Both proMMP-9 and MMP-3 activities were markedly decreased by doxycycline in ulcerogen treated rat gastric tissues. In contrast, the reduced MMP-2 activity in ulcerated tissues was increased by doxycycline during ulcer prevention. On the other hand, doxycycline inhibited significantly proMMP-9, -2 and -3 activities in vitro. In addition, doxycycline reduced oxidative load in gastric tissues and scavenged H2O2in vitro. Our results suggest a novel regulatory role of doxycycline on MMP-2 activity in addition to inhibitory action on MMP-9 and MMP-3 during prevention of gastric ulcers.
CONCLUSION: This is the first demonstration of dual action of doxycycline, that is, regulation of MMP activity and reduction of oxidative stress in arresting gastric injury.
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Volarevic V, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML, Stojkovic M. Concise review: Mesenchymal stem cell treatment of the complications of diabetes mellitus. Stem Cells 2011; 29:5-10. [PMID: 21280154 PMCID: PMC3059410 DOI: 10.1002/stem.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing cells that can be found in almost all postnatal organs and tissues. The main functional characteristics of MSCs are their immunomodulatory ability, capacity for self-renewal, and differentiation into mesodermal tissues. The ability of MSCs to differentiate into several cell types, including muscle, brain, vascular, skin, cartilage, and bone cells, makes them attractive as therapeutic agents for a number of diseases including complications of diabetes mellitus. We review here the potential of MSCs as new therapeutic agents in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic polyneuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic wounds. Also, in this review we discuss the current limitations for MSCs therapy in humans. Stem Cells 2011;29:5–10
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Volarevic
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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20
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Makino A, Scott BT, Dillmann WH. Mitochondrial fragmentation and superoxide anion production in coronary endothelial cells from a mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2010; 53:1783-94. [PMID: 20461356 PMCID: PMC2892085 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Mitochondria frequently change their shapes by fusion and fission and these morphological dynamics play important roles in mitochondrial function and development as well as programmed cell death. The goal of this study is to investigate whether: (1) mitochondria in mouse coronary endothelial cells (MCECs) isolated from diabetic mice exhibit increased fragmentation; and (2) chronic treatment with a superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) scavenger has a beneficial effect on mitochondrial fragmentation in MCECs. METHODS MCECs were freshly isolated and lysed for protein measurement, or cultured to determine mitochondrial morphology and O(2)(-) production. For the ex vivo hyperglycaemia experiments, human coronary endothelial cells were used. RESULTS Elongated mitochondrial tubules were observed in MCECs isolated from control mice, whereas mitochondria in MCECs from diabetic mice exhibited augmented fragmentation. The level of optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) protein, which leads to mitochondrial fusion, was significantly decreased, while dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), which leads to mitochondrial fission, was significantly increased in MCECs from diabetic mice. Diabetic MCECs exhibited significantly higher O(2)(-) concentrations in cytosol and mitochondria than control MCECs. Administration of the O(2)(-) scavenger TEMPOL to diabetic mice for 4 weeks led to a significant decrease in mitochondrial fragmentation without altering the levels of OPA1 and DRP1 proteins in MCECs. High-glucose treatment for 24 h significantly induced mitochondrial fragmentation, which was restored by TEMPOL treatment. In addition, excess O(2)(-) production, either in cytosol or in mitochondria, significantly increased mitochondrial fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These data suggest that lowering the O(2)(-) concentration can restore the morphological change in mitochondria and may help improve mitochondrial function in diabetic MCECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0618, La Jolla, CA 92093-0618 USA
| | - B. T. Scott
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0618, La Jolla, CA 92093-0618 USA
| | - W. H. Dillmann
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC0618, La Jolla, CA 92093-0618 USA
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Lu X, Guo X, Karathanasis SK, Zimmerman KM, Onyia JE, Peterson RG, Kassab GS. Rosiglitazone reverses endothelial dysfunction but not remodeling of femoral artery in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9:19. [PMID: 20482873 PMCID: PMC2891691 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-9-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endothelial dysfunction precedes atherogenesis and clinical complications in type 2 diabetes. The vascular dysfunction in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats was evaluated at different ages along with the effect of treatment with rosiglitazone (Rosi) on endothelial function and mechanical remodeling. METHODS The Rosi treatment was given to ZDF rats for 3 weeks. The endothelium-dependent vasodilation and alpha-adrenoceptor-dependent vasoconstriction of femoral arteries were studied using an ex-vivo isovolumic myograph. The biomechanical passive property of the arteries was studied in Ca2+-free condition. The expressions of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), alpha-adrenoceptor, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), and elastase were evaluated. RESULTS Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of the femoral artery was blunted at low doses in ZDF rats at 11 weeks of age and attenuated at all doses in ZDF rats at 19 weeks of age. The expression of eNOS was consistent with the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. The alpha-adrenoceptor was activated and the mechanical elastic modulus was increased in ZDF rats at 19 weeks of age. The expressions of alpha-adrenoceptor, MMP9, and elastase were up regulated in ZDF rats at 19 weeks of age. Rosi treatment for 3 weeks restored endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and the expression of eNOS and the adrenoceptor activation at the doses below 10-6 mole/L in ZDF rats at 19 weeks of age. Rosi treatment for 3 weeks did not, however, improve the mechanical properties of blood vessel, the expressions of alpha-adrenoceptor, MMP9, and elastase in ZDF rats. CONCLUSION The endothelial dysfunction and mechanical remodeling are observed as early as 19 weeks of age in ZDF rat. Rosi treatment for 3 weeks improves endothelial function but not mechanical properties.
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MESH Headings
- Adiposity
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Body Weight/drug effects
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/drug therapy
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Femoral Artery/drug effects
- Femoral Artery/metabolism
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- Femoral Artery/physiopathology
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism
- Myography
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Pancreatic Elastase/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Zucker
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/metabolism
- Rosiglitazone
- Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology
- Time Factors
- Triglycerides/blood
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sotirios K Karathanasis
- Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46204, USA
- Current Address: AstraZeneca R&D, Molndal, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Ghassan S Kassab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Surgery, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Vascular Biology and Medicine, IUPUI, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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22
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Givvimani S, Tyagi N, Sen U, Mishra PK, Qipshidze N, Munjal C, Vacek JC, Abe OA, Tyagi SC. MMP-2/TIMP-2/TIMP-4 versus MMP-9/TIMP-3 in transition from compensatory hypertrophy and angiogenesis to decompensatory heart failure. Arch Physiol Biochem 2010; 116:63-72. [PMID: 20230216 PMCID: PMC2879167 DOI: 10.3109/13813451003652997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Although matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) play a vital role in tumour angiogenesis and TIMP-3 caused apoptosis, their role in cardiac angiogenesis is unknown. Interestingly, a disruption of co-ordinated cardiac hypertrophy and angiogenesis contributed to the transition to heart failure, however, the proteolytic and anti-angiogenic mechanisms of transition from compensatory hypertrophy to decompensatory heart failure were unclear. We hypothesized that after an aortic stenosis MMP-2 released angiogenic factors during compensatory hypertrophy and MMP-9/TIMP-3 released anti-angiogenic factors causing decompensatory heart failure. To verify this hypothesis, wild type (WT) mice were studied 3 and 8 weeks after aortic stenosis, created by banding the ascending aorta in WT and MMP-9-/- (MMP-9KO) mice. Cardiac function (echo, PV loops) was decreased at 8 weeks after stenosis. The levels of MMP-2 (western blot) increased at 3 weeks and returned to control level at 8 weeks, MMP-9 increased only at 8 weeks. TIMP-2 and -4 decreased at 3 and even more at 8 weeks. The angiogenic VEGF increased at 3 weeks and decreased at 8 weeks, the anti-angiogenic endostatin and angiostatin increased only at 8 weeks. CD-31 positive endothelial cells were more intensely labelled at 3 weeks than in sham operated or in 8 weeks banded mice. Vascularization, as estimated by x-ray angiography, was increased at 3 weeks and decreased at 8 weeks post-banding. Although the vast majority of studies were performed on control WT mice only, interestingly, MMP9-KO mice seemed to have increased vascular density 8 weeks after banding. These results suggested that there was increase in MMP-2, decrease in TIMP-2 and -4, increase in angiogenic factors and vascularization in compensatory hearts. However, in decompensatory hearts there was increase in MMP-9, TIMP-3, endostatin, angiostatin and vascular rarefaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Givvimani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 500 South Preston Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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23
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Sen U, Munjal C, Qipshidze N, Abe O, Gargoum R, Tyagi SC. Hydrogen sulfide regulates homocysteine-mediated glomerulosclerosis. Am J Nephrol 2010; 31:442-55. [PMID: 20395677 DOI: 10.1159/000296717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In this study we tested the hypothesis that H(2)S regulates collagen deposition, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and inflammatory molecules during hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) resulting in attenuation of glomerulosclerosis and improved renal function. MATERIALS AND METHODS A genetic model of HHcy, cystathionine beta-synthase heterozygous (CBS+/-) and wild-type (WT) 2-kidney (2K) mice were used in this study and supplemented with or without NaHS (30 micromol/l, H(2)S donor) in drinking water for 8 weeks. To expedite the renal damage associated with HHcy, uninephrectomized (1K) mice of similar groups were also used. RESULTS Results demonstrated that NAD(P)H oxidase (p47(phox)subunit) and blood pressure were upregulated in WT 1K, CBS+/- 2K and CBS+/- 1K mice with downregulation of H(2)S production and reduced glomerular filtration rate. These changes were normalized with H(2)S supplementation. Both pro- and active MMP-2 and -9 and collagen protein expressions and glomerular depositions were also upregulated in WT 1K, CBS+/- 2K and CBS+/- 1K mice. Increased expressions of inflammatory molecules, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, as well as increased macrophage infiltration, were detected in WT 1K, CBS+/- 2K and CBS+/- 1K mice. These changes were ameliorated with H(2)S supplementation. CONCLUSION Together, these results suggest that increased oxidative stress and decreased H(2)S in HHcy causes matrix remodeling and inflammation resulting in glomerulosclerosis and reduced renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. u0sen001 @ louisville.edu
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Gasparrini M, Rivas D, Elbaz A, Duque G. Differential expression of cytokines in subcutaneous and marrow fat of aging C57BL/6J mice. Exp Gerontol 2009; 44:613-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Makino A, Platoshyn O, Suarez J, Yuan JXJ, Dillmann WH. Downregulation of connexin40 is associated with coronary endothelial cell dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2008; 295:C221-30. [PMID: 18463230 PMCID: PMC2493564 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00433.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) play a major role in regulating vascular tone and in revascularization. There is increasing evidence showing endothelial dysfunction in diabetes, although little is known about the contribution of connexins (Cxs) to vascular complications in the diabetic heart. This study was designed to investigate the role of Cxs in coronary endothelial dysfunction in diabetic mice. Coronary ECs isolated from diabetic mice exhibit lowered protein levels of Cx37 and Cx40 (but not Cx43) and a loss of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC). Vasodilatation induced by the assumed contribution of EC-dependent hyperpolarization was significantly reduced in the diabetic coronary artery (CA). Cx40-specific inhibitory peptide (40)GAP27 strongly attenuated endothelium-dependent relaxation in diabetic CA at the concentration that does not affect the relaxation in control CA, suggesting that the total amount of Cx40 is lower in diabetic CA than in control CA. In diabetic mice, coronary capillary density was significantly decreased in vivo. In vitro, GJIC inhibitor attenuated the ability of EC capillary network formation. High-glucose treatment caused a decrease in Cx40 protein expression in ECs and impaired endothelial capillary network formation, which was restored by Cx40 overexpression. Furthermore, we found that the hyperglycemia-induced decrease in Cx40 was associated with inhibited protein expression of Sp1, a transcriptional factor that regulates Cx40 expression. These data suggest that downregulation of Cx40 protein expression and resultant inhibition of GJIC contribute to coronary vascular dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0618, USA
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26
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Spallarossa P, Garibaldi S, Barisione C, Ghigliotti G, Altieri P, Tracchi I, Fabbi P, Barsotti A, Brunelli C. Postprandial serum induces apoptosis in endothelial cells: Role of polymorphonuclear-derived myeloperoxidase and metalloproteinase-9 activity. Atherosclerosis 2008; 198:458-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Cignarelli M, Lamacchia O. Obesity and kidney disease. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2007; 17:757-762. [PMID: 17606365 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2007] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity worldwide has increased dramatically. Besides, an approximately two-fold higher rate of increase in mean BMI among the incident ESRD has been reported in the US population from 1995-2002. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) prevalence increases from 2.9% among adults with an ideal BMI to 4.5% among obese adults. The development of CKD is usually the culminating result of the interaction of multiple risk factors. Obesity represents one example of a multitoxicity state and given the background of genetic susceptibility and/or reduced nephron number, overweight may initiate renal remodeling and/or accelerate kidney failure. Obesity may be the number one preventable risk factor for CKD. Weight loss has indeed been shown to improve glomerular hemodynamics and reduce urine albumin excretion. Thus, obese patients with CKD should be counseled on the benefits of weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cignarelli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto 1, 71100 Foggia, Italy.
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28
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Olle EW, Ren X, McClintock SD, Warner RL, Deogracias MP, Johnson KJ, Colletti LM. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is an important factor in hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. Hepatology 2006; 44:540-9. [PMID: 16941692 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Partial hepatectomy triggers hepatocyte proliferation, hepatic matrix remodeling, and hepatocyte apoptosis, all of which are important processes in the regenerating liver. Previous studies have shown an increase in the levels of matrix metalloproteinases gelatinase A (MMP-2) and gelatinase B (MMP-9) after partial hepatectomy. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of MMP-9 in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. A 70% hepatectomy or sham laparotomy was performed in wild-type or MMP-9-deficient (MMP-9-/-) mice. Hepatic regeneration was determined by liver weight/total body weight ratios and BrdU staining, which was used to a calculate mitotic index at several times postoperatively. Cytokine and growth factor expression was evaluated by Luminex bead-based ELISA and Western blots. Finally, the effect of MMP-9 on apoptosis was measured using TUNEL and caspase expression. The MMP-9-/- animals had a delayed hepatic regenerative response when compared with wild-type controls. The MMP-9-deficient animals expressed significantly less VEGF, HGF, and TNF-alpha between days 2 and 3 post-hepatectomy. Apoptosis, as measured by TUNEL staining and caspase expression, was decreased in the MMP-9-/-. In conclusion, MMP-9 plays an important role in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy by affecting matrix remodeling, as well as cytokine, growth factor, and caspase expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Olle
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0331, USA
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29
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Rodriguez WE, Joshua IG, Falcone JC, Tyagi SC. Pioglitazone prevents cardiac remodeling in high-fat, high-calorie-induced Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 291:H81-7. [PMID: 16489101 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01331.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) ameliorate cardiovascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus. We tested the hypothesis that recovery from ailing to failing myocardium in diabetes by PPARγ agonist is in part due to decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activation and left ventricular (LV) tissue levels of homocysteine (Hcy). C57BL/6J mice were made diabetic (D) by feeding them a high-fat calorie diet. PPARγ was activated by adding pioglitazone (Pi) to the diet. After 6 wk, mice were grouped into: normal calorie diet (N), D, N + Pi and D + Pi ( n = 6 in each group). LV variables were measured by echocardiography, endothelial-myocyte (E-M) coupling was measured in cardiac rings, and MMP-9 activation was measured by zymography. Blood glucose levels were twofold higher in D mice compared with N mice. Pi decreased the levels of glucose in D mice to the levels in N mice. LV Hcy levels were 3.5 ± 0.5 μM in N groups compared with 12.4 ± 0.6 μM in D groups. Treatment with Pi normalized the LV levels of Hcy but had no effect on plasma levels of Hcy. In the D group, LV contraction was reduced compared with that of the N group and was ameliorated by treatment with Pi. LV wall thickness was reduced to 0.25 ± 0.02 mm in the D group compared with 0.42 ± 0.01 mm in the N group. LV diastolic diameter was 3.05 ± 0.01 mm in the D group compared with 2.20 ± 0.02 mm in the N group. LV systolic diameter was 1.19 ± 0.02 mm in the D group and 0.59 ± 0.01 mm in the N group. Pi normalized the LV variables in D mice. The responses to ACh and nitroprusside were attenuated in diabetic hearts, suggesting that there was E-M uncoupling in the D group compared with the N group, which was ameliorated by Pi. Plasma and LV levels of MMP-2 and -9 activities were higher in the D group than in the N group but normalized after Pi treatment. These results suggest that E-M uncoupling in the myocardium, in part, is due to increased MMP activities secondary to suppressing PPARγ activity in high-fat, calorie-induced Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter E Rodriguez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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30
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de Nooijer R, Verkleij CJN, von der Thüsen JH, Jukema JW, van der Wall EE, van Berkel TJC, Baker AH, Biessen EAL. Lesional Overexpression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Promotes Intraplaque Hemorrhage in Advanced Lesions But Not at Earlier Stages of Atherogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2006; 26:340-6. [PMID: 16306430 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000197795.56960.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is involved in atherosclerosis and elevated MMP-9 activity has been found in unstable plaques, suggesting a crucial role in plaque rupture. This study aims to assess the effect of MMP-9 on plaque stability in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice at different stages of plaque progression.
Methods and Results—
Atherosclerotic lesions were elicited in carotid arteries by perivascular collar placement. MMP-9 overexpression in intermediate or advanced plaques was effected by intraluminal incubation with an adenovirus (Ad.MMP-9). A subset was coincubated with Ad.TIMP-1. Mock virus served as a control. Plaques were analyzed histologically. In intermediate lesions, MMP-9 overexpression induced outward remodeling, as shown by a 30% increase in media size (
p
=0.03). In both intermediate and advanced lesions, prevalence of vulnerable plaque morphology tended to be increased. Half of MMP-9–treated lesions displayed intraplaque hemorrhage, whereas in controls and the Ad.MMP-9/Ad.TIMP-1 group this was 8% and 16%, respectively (
p
=0.007). Colocalization with neovessels may point to neo-angiogenesis as a source for intraplaque hemorrhage.
Conclusion—
These data show a differential effect of MMP-9 at various stages of plaque progression and suggest that lesion-targeted MMP-9 inhibition might be a valuable therapeutic modality in stabilizing advanced plaques, but not at earlier stages of lesion progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- R de Nooijer
- Division of Biopharmaceutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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31
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Xue M, Thompson PJ, Clifton-Bligh R, Fulcher G, Gallery EDM, Jackson C. Leukocyte matrix metalloproteinase-9 is elevated and contributes to lymphocyte activation in type I diabetes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2005; 37:2406-16. [PMID: 16054858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2005.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2005] [Revised: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 06/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Degradation of extracellular matrix proteins by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is integral to cell migration and tissue remodeling in diabetes mellitus and its complications. MMPs also regulate the function of leukocytes via proteolytic processing of cytokines/chemokines. In this study, we measured the production of MMP-9 and its natural tissue inhibitor (TIMP)-1 by leukocytes isolated from human type I diabetic patients. MMP-9 was also detected in serum and splenocytes from non-obese diabetic (NOD) and BALB/c mice. MMP-9 was markedly elevated in leukocytes from diabetics compared to non-diabetic controls. TIMP-1 production was also enhanced in leukocytes from diabetics, but substantially less than MMP-9, with the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio being 1.6-fold higher in neutrophils and 3-fold higher in monocytes than controls. Interleukin (IL)-2 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment increased MMP-9 production in leukocytes from both diabetics and normal controls, whereas insulin decreased MMP-9 expression. Recombinant MMP-9 stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes from NOD or BALB/c and a MMP-9 inhibitor dose-dependently inhibited splenocyte proliferation. In conclusion, our results demonstrate firstly that MMP-9 expression is elevated in leukocytes from type I diabetic patients and NOD mice and secondly, that MMP-9 elevates proliferation of mouse splenocytes. These data suggest that elevated leukocyte MMP-9 may contribute to the pathogenesis of type I diabetes and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilang Xue
- Sutton Research Laboratories, Level 1, Block 4, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
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32
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Hayden MR, Whaley-Connell A, Sowers JR. Renal redox stress and remodeling in metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and diabetic nephropathy: paying homage to the podocyte. Am J Nephrol 2005; 25:553-69. [PMID: 16210838 DOI: 10.1159/000088810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Accepted: 08/24/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions and diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. The metabolic syndrome constitutes a milieu conducive to tissue redox stress. This loss of redox homeostasis contributes to renal remodeling and parallels the concurrent increased vascular redox stress associated with the cardiometabolic syndrome. The multiple metabolic toxicities, redox stress and endothelial dysfunction combine to weave the complicated mosaic fabric of diabetic glomerulosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy. A better understanding may provide both the clinician and researcher tools to unravel this complicated disease process. Cellular remodeling of podocyte foot processes in the Ren-2 transgenic rat model of tissue angiotensin II overexpression (TG(mREN-2)27) and the Zucker diabetic fatty model of type 2 diabetes mellitus have been observed in preliminary studies. Importantly, angiotensin II receptor blockers have been shown to abrogate these ultrastructural changes in the foot processes of the podocyte in preliminary studies. An integrated, global risk reduction, approach in therapy addressing the multiple metabolic abnormalities combined with attempts to reach therapeutic goals at an earlier stage could have a profound effect on the development and progressive nature to end-stage renal disease and ultimately renal replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, 65212, USA.
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33
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Hayden MR, Sowers JR, Tyagi SC. The central role of vascular extracellular matrix and basement membrane remodeling in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: the matrix preloaded. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2005; 4:9. [PMID: 15985157 PMCID: PMC1175853 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-4-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/28/2005] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelial basement membrane and extra cellular matrix is a compilation of different macromolecules organized by physical entanglements, opposing ionic charges, chemical covalent bonding, and cross-linking into a biomechanically active polymer. These matrices provide a gel-like form and scaffolding structure with regional tensile strength provided by collagens, elasticity by elastins, adhesiveness by structural glycoproteins, compressibility by proteoglycans – hyaluronans, and communicability by a family of integrins, which exchanges information between cells and between cells and the extracellular matrix of vascular tissues. Each component of the extracellular matrix and specifically the capillary basement membrane possesses unique structural properties and interactions with one another, which determine the separate and combined roles in the multiple diabetic complications or diabetic opathies. Metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and their parallel companion (atheroscleropathy) are associated with multiple metabolic toxicities and chronic injurious stimuli. The adaptable quality of a matrix or form genetically preloaded with the necessary information to communicate and respond to an ever-changing environment, which supports the interstitium, capillary and arterial vessel wall is individually examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin R Hayden
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, Missouri PO BOX 1140 Lk. Rd. 5–87 Camdenton, Missouri 65020 USA
| | - James R Sowers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine Columbia, Missouri Health Sciences Center, MA410, DC043.00 Columbia, Missouri 65212 USA
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine 500 South Preston Street University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky 40292 USA
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Descamps FJ, Martens E, Ballaux F, Geboes K, Opdenakker G. In vivo activation of gelatinase B/MMP-9 by trypsin in acute pancreatitis is a permissive factor in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. J Pathol 2004; 204:555-61. [PMID: 15538738 DOI: 10.1002/path.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases, in particular gelatinase B/MMP-9, are key mediators in autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, but their pathogenic roles in diabetes are not well established. Gelatinase B has previously been shown to be upregulated in pancreas tissue from patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis and was suggested to exacerbate diabetes by cleaving insulin. In this study, the role of gelatinase B in diabetes was investigated using two streptozotocin-induced animal models of type I diabetes. In both a hyperacute and a subacute model, gelatinase B upregulation was found to be associated with disease activity. However, gelatinase B deficiency did not significantly protect against diabetes development, and wild-type and gelatinase B-deficient animals behaved similarly in terms of beta-cell apoptosis or necrosis. The fact that gelatinase B was found almost exclusively as the inactive pro-enzyme in most of the streptozotocin-induced diabetic animals may explain the lack of a gelatinase B effect. On the contrary, gelatinase B was completely activated in a minority (15%) of wild-type animals. This coincided with exocrine pancreatic inflammation, as revealed by the presence of active trypsin. The discovery of in vivo activation of progelatinase B by trypsin in acute pancreatitis is extended in a model of caerulein-induced pancreatitis. In the latter model, trypsinogen activation is systematically achieved and gelatinase B is found in its active form. In conclusion, gelatinase B itself is not a causative factor but, when activated by endogenous trypsin, is a permissive factor for insulin degradation and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis J Descamps
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Minderbroederstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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35
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McQuibban GA, Gong JH, Tam EM, McCulloch CA, Clark-Lewis I, Overall CM. Inflammation dampened by gelatinase A cleavage of monocyte chemoattractant protein-3. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 48:222-72. [PMID: 10947989 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2013.770819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tissue degradation by the matrix metalloproteinase gelatinase A is pivotal to inflammation and metastases. Recognizing the catalytic importance of substrate-binding exosites outside the catalytic domain, we screened for extracellular substrates using the gelatinase A hemopexin domain as bait in the yeast two-hybrid system. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 (MCP-3) was identified as a physiological substrate of gelatinase A. Cleaved MCP-3 binds to CC-chemokine receptors-1, -2, and -3, but no longer induces calcium fluxes or promotes chemotaxis, and instead acts as a general chemokine antagonist that dampens inflammation. This suggests that matrix metalloproteinases are both effectors and regulators of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A McQuibban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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