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Pfeffer T, Krug SM, Kracke T, Schürfeld R, Colbatzky F, Kirschner P, Medert R, Freichel M, Schumacher D, Bartosova M, Zarogiannis SG, Muckenthaler MU, Altamura S, Pezer S, Volk N, Schwab C, Duensing S, Fleming T, Heidenreich E, Zschocke J, Hell R, Poschet G, Schmitt CP, Peters V. Knock-out of dipeptidase CN2 in human proximal tubular cells disrupts dipeptide and amino acid homeostasis and para- and transcellular solute transport. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14126. [PMID: 38517248 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM Although of potential biomedical relevance, dipeptide metabolism has hardly been studied. We found the dipeptidase carnosinase-2 (CN2) to be abundant in human proximal tubules, which regulate water and solute homeostasis. We therefore hypothesized, that CN2 has a key metabolic role, impacting proximal tubular transport function. METHODS A knockout of the CN2 gene (CNDP2-KO) was generated in human proximal tubule cells and characterized by metabolomics, RNA-seq analysis, paracellular permeability analysis and ion transport. RESULTS CNDP2-KO in human proximal tubule cells resulted in the accumulation of cellular dipeptides, reduction of amino acids and imbalance of related metabolic pathways, and of energy supply. RNA-seq analyses indicated altered protein metabolism and ion transport. Detailed functional studies demonstrated lower CNDP2-KO cell viability and proliferation, and altered ion and macromolecule transport via trans- and paracellular pathways. Regulatory and transport protein abundance was disturbed, either as a consequence of the metabolic imbalance or the resulting functional disequilibrium. CONCLUSION CN2 function has a major impact on intracellular amino acid and dipeptide metabolism and is essential for key metabolic and regulatory functions of proximal tubular cells. These findings deserve in vivo analysis of the relevance of CN2 for nephron function and regulation of body homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Pfeffer
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Tissue Bank of the German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne M Krug
- Clinical Physiology/Nutritional Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CBF, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamara Kracke
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robin Schürfeld
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Colbatzky
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philip Kirschner
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Medert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Schumacher
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sotiris G Zarogiannis
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology and Hopp Children Cancer Center (KiTZ), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), EMBL and University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology and Hopp Children Cancer Center (KiTZ), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), EMBL and University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia Pezer
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Volk
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Constantin Schwab
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Heidenreich
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus P Schmitt
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Peters
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department I, Division of Pediatric Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhang Y, Shi C, Wu H, Yan H, Xia M, Jiao H, Zhou D, Wu W, Zhong M, Lou W, Gao X, Bian H, Chang X. Characteristics of changes in plasma proteome profiling after sleeve gastrectomy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1330139. [PMID: 38375199 PMCID: PMC10875463 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1330139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bariatric surgery (BS), recognized as the most effective intervention for morbid obesity and associated metabolic comorbidities, encompasses both weight loss-dependent and weight loss-independent mechanisms to exert its metabolic benefits. In this study, we employed plasma proteomics technology, a recently developed mass spectrometric approach, to quantitatively assess 632 circulating proteins in a longitudinal cohort of 9 individuals who underwent sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Through time series clustering and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, we observed that complement activation, proteolysis, and negative regulation of triglyceride catabolic process were the primary biological processes enriched in down-regulated proteins. Conversely, up-regulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were significantly associated with negative regulation of peptidase activity, fibrinolysis, keratinocyte migration, and acute-phase response. Notably, we identified seven proteins (ApoD, BCHE, CNDP1, AFM, ITIH3, SERPINF1, FCN3) that demonstrated significant alterations at 1-, 3-, and 6-month intervals post SG, compared to baseline. These proteins play essential roles in metabolism, immune and inflammatory responses, as well as oxidative stress. Consequently, they hold promising potential as therapeutic targets for combating obesity and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenye Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifu Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfeng Xia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Lou
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Bian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxia Chang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ikeda Y, Fujii J. The Emerging Roles of γ-Glutamyl Peptides Produced by γ-Glutamyltransferase and the Glutathione Synthesis System. Cells 2023; 12:2831. [PMID: 38132151 PMCID: PMC10741565 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
L-γ-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine is commonly referred to as glutathione (GSH); this ubiquitous thiol plays essential roles in animal life. Conjugation and electron donation to enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) are prominent functions of GSH. Cellular glutathione balance is robustly maintained via regulated synthesis, which is catalyzed via the coordination of γ-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) and glutathione synthetase, as well as by reductive recycling by glutathione reductase. A prevailing short supply of L-cysteine (Cys) tends to limit glutathione synthesis, which leads to the production of various other γ-glutamyl peptides due to the unique enzymatic properties of γ-GCS. Extracellular degradation of glutathione by γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a dominant source of Cys for some cells. GGT catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of the γ-glutamyl group of glutathione or transfers it to amino acids or to dipeptides outside cells. Such processes depend on an abundance of acceptor substrates. However, the physiological roles of extracellularly preserved γ-glutamyl peptides have long been unclear. The identification of γ-glutamyl peptides, such as glutathione, as allosteric modulators of calcium-sensing receptors (CaSRs) could provide insights into the significance of the preservation of γ-glutamyl peptides. It is conceivable that GGT could generate a new class of intercellular messaging molecules in response to extracellular microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata City 990-9585, Japan
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Kipp A, Marti HP, Babickova J, Nakken S, Leh S, Halden TAS, Jenssen T, Vikse BE, Åsberg A, Spagnoli G, Furriol J. Glomerular proteomic profiling reveals early differences between preexisting and de novo type 2 diabetes in human renal allografts. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:254. [PMID: 37626301 PMCID: PMC10464146 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM), either preexisting or developing after transplantation, remains a crucial clinical problem in kidney transplantation. To obtain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying PTDM development and early glomerular damage before the development of histologically visible diabetic kidney disease, we comparatively analysed the proteome of histologically normal glomeruli from patients with PTDM and normoglycaemic (NG) transplant recipients. Moreover, to assess specificities inherent in PTDM, we also comparatively evaluated glomerular proteomes from transplant recipients with preexisting type 2 DM (T2DM). METHODS Protocol biopsies were obtained from adult NG, PTDM and T2DM patients one year after kidney transplantation. Biopsies were formalin-fixed and embedded in paraffin, and glomerular cross-sections were microdissected. A total of 4 NG, 7 PTDM and 6 T2DM kidney biopsies were used for the analysis. The proteome was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Relative differences in protein abundance and significantly dysregulated pathways were analysed. RESULTS Proteins involved in cell adhesion, immune response, leukocyte transendothelial filtration, and cell localization and organization were less abundant in glomeruli from PTDM patients than in those from NG patients, and proteins associated with supramolecular fibre organization and protein-containing complex binding were more abundant in PTDM patients. Overall, proteins related to adherens and tight junctions and those related to the immune system, including leukocyte transendothelial migration, were more abundant in NG patients than in transplanted patients with DM, irrespective of the timing of its development. However, proteins included in cell‒cell junctions and adhesion, insulin resistance, and vesicle-mediated transport were all less abundant in PTDM patients than in T2DM patients. CONCLUSIONS The glomerular proteome profile differentiates PTDM from NG and T2DM, suggesting specific pathogenetic mechanisms. Further studies are warranted to validate these results, potentially leading to an improved understanding of PTDM kidney transplant pathophysiology and to the identification of novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kipp
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans-Peter Marti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Janka Babickova
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sigrid Nakken
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sabine Leh
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thea A S Halden
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Jenssen
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Metabolic and Renal Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bjørn Egil Vikse
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haugesund Hospital, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Anders Åsberg
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giulio Spagnoli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Jessica Furriol
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Zhang S, Cui D, Tang M, Yang G, Yard B, Hu H, Wu Y, Zhang Q. Serum and urinary carnosinase-1 correlate with kidney function and inflammation. Amino Acids 2023; 55:89-100. [PMID: 36319874 PMCID: PMC9877089 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-022-03206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The carnosinase dipeptidase 1 (CNDP1) gene has been reported as a susceptibility locus for the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). While the (CTG)5 allele affords protection in the Caucasian population, we have previously shown that this allele is less frequently present in the Chinese population and therefore a protective role for the (CTG)5 allele is difficult to demonstrate. In the present study, we sought to assess if carnosinase-1 (CN-1) concentrations in serum and/or urine are associated with progression of DKD and to what extent CN-1 influences diabetes-associated inflammation. From a total of 622 individuals that enrolled in our study, 247 patients had type 2 diabetes without DKD, 165 patients had DKD and 210 subjects served as healthy controls. Uni- and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify potential factors predicting urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CN-1 concentration in serum and urine. The results indicated that serum CN-1 indeed correlated with eGFR (p = 0.001). In addition, urinary CN-1 associated with eGFR and tubular injury indicator: urinary cystatin C (Cys-C) and urinary retinol-binding protein (RBP). Interestingly, serum CN-1 also positively correlated with inflammatory indicators: neutrophils and lymphocytes. With regard to this, a STZ injected C57BL/6 mice model with surgically made skin wound was established for the generation of skin inflammation. This animal model further proved that the expression of CN-1 in liver and kidney increased remarkably in diabetic mice with skin wound as compared to those without. In conclusion, serum and urinary CN-1 significantly related to the surrogates of impaired renal function in diabetic patients; besides, CN-1 expression might also be associated with the process of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
| | - Di Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
| | - Mingna Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
| | - Benito Yard
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Huaqing Hu
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
| | - Yonggui Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022 China
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Abu Seman N, Othman SH. Recent Progress in Genetics and Epigenetics Research on Diabetic Nephropathy in Malaysia. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:9053580. [PMID: 37187702 PMCID: PMC10181909 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9053580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a multifactorial disease. Gene susceptibility, as well as environmental exposure, plays an important role in disease progression. Malaysia is reported to be among the world's second-fastest-growing rates of kidney failure. Diabetic nephropathy has become the main cause of end-stage renal disease in Malaysia. This article is aimed at reviewing genetic studies conducted among diabetic nephropathy patients in the Malaysian population. This review was conducted by searching PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases to identify all relevant papers published in English from March 2022 to April 2022, using the following keywords: diabetes, type 2 diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic kidney disease, and Malaysia. The case-control study among diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy showed a significant association with diabetic nephropathy in CNDP1, NOS3, and MnSOD genes. In the ethnic subgroup analysis, significant differences for diabetic nephropathy in terms of diabetes duration (≥10 years) were observed for CCL2 rs3917887, CCR5 rs1799987, ELMO1 rs74130, and IL8 rs4073. The IL8 rs4073 was associated only with the Indians, while the CCR5 rs1799987 was associated with the Chinese. In Malays, SLC12A3 Arg913Gln polymorphism and ICAM1 K469E (A/G) polymorphism were found to be associated with diabetic nephropathy. Studies on gene-environment interactions have suggested significant genetic and environmental factors such as smoking, waist circumference, and sex for eNOS rs2070744, PPARGC1A rs8192678, KCNQ1 rs2237895, and KCNQ1 rs2283228 with kidney disease. The genetic variants' contributions differed across ethnic groups. Therefore, a study to validate the genetic variants that are found to be associated with different ethnicities in Malaysia may be important in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhashimah Abu Seman
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Haslina Othman
- Endocrine and Metabolic Unit, Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, 40170 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Longitudinal proteomics study of serum changes after allogeneic HSCT reveals potential markers of metabolic complications related to aGvHD. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14002. [PMID: 35977993 PMCID: PMC9385631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) allows successful treatment for many malignant and non-malignant disorders, its curative potential remains limited by severe side effects, including infections and other transplant-related complications such as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). This study examined changes in serum proteome via high-performance two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) during HSCT to search for diagnostic biomarkers for post-HSCT complications. Longitudinal proteomic analysis revealed proteins related to metabolic complications and hemolytic anemia. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a reliable marker of insulin resistance, was identified, and is possibly associated with the onset mechanism of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) and/or skin GvHD. Although the cause of insulin resistance is not fully understood, it is thought to be associated with adipocytes inflammation induced by RBP4, iron overload and hemolytic anemia after HSCT, as observed in this study. The present study has demonstrated that insulin resistance and metabolic complications could be immediate complications after transplantation and are associated with aGvHD. The biomarkers revealed in this study are promising tools to be used for improving the early diagnosis of HSCT-associated complications, especially aGvHD, possibly even before clinical manifestations.
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Qiu J, Yard BA, Krämer BK, van Goor H, van Dijk P, Kannt A. Association Between Serum Carnosinase Concentration and Activity and Renal Function Impairment in a Type-2 Diabetes Cohort. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:899057. [PMID: 35873562 PMCID: PMC9304884 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.899057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Genetic studies have identified associations of carnosinase 1 (CN1) polymorphisms with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, CN1 levels and activities have not been assessed as diagnostic or prognostic markers of DKD in cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: We established high-throughput, automated CN1 activity and concentration assays using robotic systems. Using these methods, we determined baseline serum CN1 levels and activity in a T2D cohort with 970 patients with no or only mild renal impairment. The patients were followed for a mean of 1.2 years. Baseline serum CN1 concentration and activity were assessed as predictors of renal function impairment and incident albuminuria during follow up. Results: CN1 concentration was significantly associated with age, gender and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at baseline. CN1 activity was significantly associated with glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and eGFR. Serum CN1 at baseline was associated with eGFR decline and predicted renal function impairment and incident albuminuria during the follow-up. Discussion: Baseline serum CN1 levels were associated with presence and progression of renal function decline in a cohort of T2D patients. Confirmation in larger cohorts with longer follow-up observation periods will be required to fully establish CN1 as a biomarker of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiedong Qiu
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Benito A. Yard
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- 5th Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peter van Dijk
- Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Isala, Diabetes Centre, Zwolle, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Peter van Dijk, ; Aimo Kannt,
| | - Aimo Kannt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- *Correspondence: Peter van Dijk, ; Aimo Kannt,
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9
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Rodriguez-Niño A, Pastene DO, Hettler SA, Qiu J, Albrecht T, Vajpayee S, Perciaccante R, Gretz N, Bakker SJL, Krämer BK, Yard BA, van den Born J. Influence of carnosine and carnosinase-1 on diabetes-induced afferent arteriole vasodilation: implications for glomerular hemodynamics. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F69-F80. [PMID: 35635322 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00232.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation in glomerular hemodynamics favors hyperfiltration in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Although carnosine supplementation ameliorates features of DKD, its effect on glomerular vasoregulation is not known. We assessed the influence of carnosine and carnosinase-1 (CN1) on afferent glomerular arteriole vasodilation and its association with glomerular size, hypertrophy and nephrin expression in diabetic BTBRob/ob mice. METHODS Two cohorts of mice including appropriate controls were studied i.e., diabetic mice receiving oral carnosine supplementation (cohort 1) and human CN1 (hCN1) transgenic (TG) diabetic mice (cohort 2). Lumen area ratio (LAR) of the afferent arterioles and glomerular parameters were measured by conventional histology. Three-dimensional analysis using a tissue clearing strategy was also employed. RESULTS In both cohorts, LAR was significantly larger in diabetic BTBRob/ob vs non-diabetic BTBRwt/ob mice (0.41±0.05 vs 0.26±0.07; p<0.0001) and (0.42±0.06 vs 0.29±0.04; p<0.0001), and associated with glomerular size (cohort 1: r =0.55, p=0.001; cohort 2: r=0.89, p<0.0001). LAR was partially normalized by oral carnosine supplementation (0.34±0.05 vs 0.41±0.05; p=0.004), but did not differ between hCN1 TG and wild type (WT) BTBRob/ob mice. In hCN1 TG mice, serum CN1 concentrations correlated with LAR (r=0.90; p=0.006). Diabetic mice displayed decreased nephrin expression and increased glomerular hypertrophy. This was not significantly different in hCN! TG BTBRob/ob mice (p=0,06 and p=0,08, respectively). CONCLUSION Carnosine and CN1 may affect intra-glomerular pressure in an opposing manner through regulation of afferent arteriolar tone. This study corroborates previous findings on the role of carnosine in the progression of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Rodriguez-Niño
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Vth Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Diego O Pastene
- Vth Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Steffen A Hettler
- Vth Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jiedong Qiu
- Vth Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Albrecht
- Vth Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Norbert Gretz
- Central Medical Research Facility ZMF, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Vth Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benito A Yard
- Vth Medical Department, University Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen and University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Kobayashi S, Homma T, Okumura N, Han J, Nagaoka K, Sato H, Konno H, Yamada S, Takao T, Fujii J. Carnosine dipeptidase II (CNDP2) protects cells under cysteine insufficiency by hydrolyzing glutathione-related peptides. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:12-27. [PMID: 34324979 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The knockout (KO) of the cystine transporter xCT causes ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent necrotic cell death, in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, but this does not occur in macrophages. In this study, we explored the gene that supports cell survival under a xCT deficiency using a proteomics approach. Analysis of macrophage-derived peptides that were tagged with iTRAQ by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed a robust elevation in the levels of carnosine dipeptidase II (CNDP2) in xCT KO macrophages. The elevation in the CNDP2 protein levels was confirmed by immunoblot analyses and this elevation was accompanied by an increase in hydrolytic activity towards cysteinylglycine, the intermediate degradation product of glutathione after the removal of the γ-glutamyl group, in xCT KO macrophages. Supplementation of the cystine-free media of Hepa1-6 cells with glutathione or cysteinylglycine extended their survival, whereas the inclusion of bestatin, an inhibitor of CNDP2, counteracted the effects of these compounds. We established CNDP2 KO mice by means of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and found a decrease in dipeptidase activity in the liver, kidney, and brain. An acetaminophen overdose (350 mg/kg) showed not only aggravated hepatic damage but also renal injury in the CNDP2 KO mice, which was not evident in the wild-type mice that were receiving the same dose. The aggravated renal damage in the CNDP2 KO mice was consistent with the presence of abundant levels of CNDP2 in the kidney, the organ prone to developing ferroptosis. These collective data imply that cytosolic CNDP2, in conjugation with the removal of the γ-glutamyl group, recruits Cys from extracellular GSH and supports redox homeostasis of cells, particularly in epithelial cells of proximal tubules that are continuously exposed to oxidative insult from metabolic wastes that are produced in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Takujiro Homma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Okumura
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Analysis, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jia Han
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Keita Nagaoka
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hideyo Sato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Niigata University, 746-2 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8518, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Sohsuke Yamada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takao
- Laboratory of Protein Profiling and Functional Proteomics, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, 2-2-2 Iidanishi, Yamagata, Yamagata, 990-9585, Japan.
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Urinary Carnosinase-1 Excretion is Associated with Urinary Carnosine Depletion and Risk of Graft Failure in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Results of the TransplantLines Cohort Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071102. [PMID: 34356335 PMCID: PMC8301129 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine affords protection against oxidative and carbonyl stress, yet high concentrations of the carnosinase-1 enzyme may limit this. We recently reported that high urinary carnosinase-1 is associated with kidney function decline and albuminuria in patients with chronic kidney disease. We prospectively investigated whether urinary carnosinase-1 is associated with a high risk for development of late graft failure in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Carnosine and carnosinase-1 were measured in 24 h urine in a longitudinal cohort of 703 stable KTRs and 257 healthy controls. Cox regression was used to analyze the prospective data. Urinary carnosine excretions were significantly decreased in KTRs (26.5 [IQR 21.4–33.3] µmol/24 h versus 34.8 [IQR 25.6–46.8] µmol/24 h; p < 0.001). In KTRs, high urinary carnosinase-1 concentrations were associated with increased risk of undetectable urinary carnosine (OR 1.24, 95%CI [1.06–1.45]; p = 0.007). During median follow-up for 5.3 [4.5–6.0] years, 84 (12%) KTRs developed graft failure. In Cox regression analyses, high urinary carnosinase-1 excretions were associated with increased risk of graft failure (HR 1.73, 95%CI [1.44–2.08]; p < 0.001) independent of potential confounders. Since urinary carnosine is depleted and urinary carnosinase-1 imparts a higher risk for graft failure in KTRs, future studies determining the potential of carnosine supplementation in these patients are warranted.
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12
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Brito MDF, Torre C, Silva-Lima B. Scientific Advances in Diabetes: The Impact of the Innovative Medicines Initiative. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:688438. [PMID: 34295913 PMCID: PMC8290522 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.688438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is one of the World Health Organization's priority diseases under research by the first and second programmes of Innovative Medicines Initiative, with the acronyms IMI1 and IMI2, respectively. Up to October of 2019, 13 projects were funded by IMI for Diabetes & Metabolic disorders, namely SUMMIT, IMIDIA, DIRECT, StemBANCC, EMIF, EBiSC, INNODIA, RHAPSODY, BEAT-DKD, LITMUS, Hypo-RESOLVE, IM2PACT, and CARDIATEAM. In general, a total of €447 249 438 was spent by IMI in the area of Diabetes. In order to prompt a better integration of achievements between the different projects, we perform a literature review and used three data sources, namely the official project's websites, the contact with the project's coordinators and co-coordinator, and the CORDIS database. From the 662 citations identified, 185 were included. The data collected were integrated into the objectives proposed for the four IMI2 program research axes: (1) target and biomarker identification, (2) innovative clinical trials paradigms, (3) innovative medicines, and (4) patient-tailored adherence programmes. The IMI funded projects identified new biomarkers, medical and research tools, determinants of inter-individual variability, relevant pathways, clinical trial designs, clinical endpoints, therapeutic targets and concepts, pharmacologic agents, large-scale production strategies, and patient-centered predictive models for diabetes and its complications. Taking into account the scientific data produced, we provided a joint vision with strategies for integrating personalized medicine into healthcare practice. The major limitations of this article were the large gap of data in the libraries on the official project websites and even the Cordis database was not complete and up to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Torre
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science-Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Silva-Lima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,Laboratory of Systems Integration Pharmacology, Clinical & Regulatory Science-Research Institute for Medicines (iMED.ULisboa), Lisbon, Portugal
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13
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Giandalia A, Giuffrida AE, Gembillo G, Cucinotta D, Squadrito G, Santoro D, Russo GT. Gender Differences in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Focus on Hormonal, Genetic and Clinical Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5808. [PMID: 34071671 PMCID: PMC8198374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious complications of both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Current guidelines recommend a personalized approach in order to reduce the burden of DM and its complications. Recognizing sex and gender- differences in medicine is considered one of the first steps toward personalized medicine, but the gender issue in DM has been scarcely explored so far. Gender differences have been reported in the incidence and the prevalence of DKD, in its phenotypes and clinical manifestations, as well as in several risk factors, with a different impact in the two genders. Hormonal factors, especially estrogen loss, play a significant role in explaining these differences. Additionally, the impact of sex chromosomes as well as the influence of gene-sex interactions with several susceptibility genes for DKD have been investigated. In spite of the increasing evidence that sex and gender should be included in the evaluation of DKD, several open issues remain uncovered, including the potentially different effects of newly recommended drugs, such as SGLT2i and GLP1Ras. This narrative review explored current evidence on sex/gender differences in DKD, taking into account hormonal, genetic and clinical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Giandalia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Alfio Edoardo Giuffrida
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Gembillo
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Cucinotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanni Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina T Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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14
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O'Toole TE, Amraotkar AA, DeFilippis AP, Rai SN, Keith RJ, Baba SP, Lorkiewicz P, Crandell CE, Pariser GL, Wingard CJ, Pope Iii CA, Bhatnagar A. Protocol to assess the efficacy of carnosine supplementation in mitigating the adverse cardiovascular responses to particulate matter (PM) exposure: the Nucleophilic Defense Against PM Toxicity (NEAT) trial. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039118. [PMID: 33372072 PMCID: PMC7772308 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) is associated with cardiovascular disease. These outcomes are believed to originate from pulmonary oxidative stress and the systemic delivery of oxidised biomolecules (eg, aldehydes) generated in the lungs. Carnosine is an endogenous di-peptide (β-alanine-L-histidine) which promotes physiological homeostasis in part by conjugating to and neutralising toxic aldehydes. We hypothesise that an increase of endogenous carnosine by dietary supplementation would mitigate the adverse cardiovascular outcomes associated with PM exposure in humans. METHODS AND ANALYSIS To test this, we designed the Nucleophilic Defense Against PM Toxicity trial. This trial will enroll 240 participants over 2 years and determine if carnosine supplementation mitigates the adverse effects of PM inhalation. The participants will have low levels of endogenous carnosine to facilitate identification of supplementation-specific outcomes. At enrollment, we will measure several indices of inflammation, preclinical cardiovascular disease and physical function. Participants will be randomly allocated to carnosine or placebo groups and instructed to take their oral supplement for 12 weeks with two return clinical visits and repeated assessments during times of peak PM exposure (June-September) in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. Statistical modelling approaches will be used to assess the efficacy of carnosine supplementation in mitigating adverse outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study protocol has been approved by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Louisville. Results from this study will be disseminated at scientific conferences and in peer-reviewed publications.Trial registration: NCT03314987; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E O'Toole
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alok A Amraotkar
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Shesh N Rai
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinfomatics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rachel J Keith
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shahid P Baba
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Pawel Lorkiewicz
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Catherine E Crandell
- Department of Physical Therapy, Bellarmine University, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gina L Pariser
- Department of Physical Therapy, Bellarmine University, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - C Arden Pope Iii
- Department of Economics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Division of Environmental Medicine, Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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15
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Yang J, Xiong X, Xiao Y, Wei L, Li L, Yang M, Han Y, Zhao H, Li C, Jiang N, Xiong S, Zeng L, Zhou Z, Liu S, Wang N, Fan Y, Sun L. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs11643718 in SLC12A3 is associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 2020; 37:1879-1889. [PMID: 32634861 PMCID: PMC7589246 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the association between 24 literature-based single nucleotide polymorphisms and diabetic kidney disease in Chinese people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four candidate diabetic kidney disease-susceptible single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in 208 participants with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease and 200 participants with type 2 diabetes without diabetic kidney disease (case and control groups, respectively), together with 206 healthy participants using MassARRAY. Rs11643718 in the SLC12A3 gene was associated with diabetic kidney disease in the recessive model after adjusting for confounding factors, such as age and gender (adjusted odds ratio 2.056, 95% CI 1.120-3.776; P = 0.020). Meta-analyses further confirmed the association (P = 0.002). In addition, participants with the GG genotype had worse renal function and more albuminuria than those with the AA+AG genotype (P < 0.05). Renal section immunohistochemistry was conducted in participants with type 2 diabetes, diabetic kidney disease and AA+AG or GG genotypes and in participants with glomerular minor lesions. Together with data from the Nephroseq database, it was shown that the abundance of SLC12A3 was reduced in patients with the GG genotype, while elevated expression of SLC12A3 was associated with better renal function. In addition, rs10951509 and rs1345365 in ELMO1, which were determined to be in high linkage disequilibrium by SHEsis software, were also associated with diabetic kidney disease (adjusted P = 0.010 and 0.015, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The G allele and GG genotype of SLC12A3 rs11643718 are associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease in a Chinese population with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.‐F. Yang
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - X.‐F. Xiong
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Y. Xiao
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - L. Wei
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - L. Li
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - M. Yang
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Y.‐C. Han
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - H. Zhao
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - C.‐R. Li
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - N. Jiang
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - S. Xiong
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - L.‐F. Zeng
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Z.‐G. Zhou
- National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases Diabetes CentreDepartment of EndocrinologySecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - S.‐P. Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Metabolic Diseases Diabetes CentreDepartment of EndocrinologySecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - N.‐S. Wang
- Department of NephrologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - Y. Fan
- Department of NephrologyShanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghaiChina
| | - L. Sun
- Department of NephrologyHunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood PurificationSecond Xiangya Hospital at Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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Xie Y, Wang Z, Chang L, Chen G. Association of MMP-9 polymorphisms with diabetic nephropathy risk: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22278. [PMID: 32957381 PMCID: PMC7505353 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a multifactorial disease with gene-environment interaction resulting in progressive renal function damage. Multiple studies have assessed the association between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) gene promoter polymorphism and DN susceptibility. However, the results are inconclusive. In the present study, we will conduct a meta-analysis to further examine this relationship more precisely. METHODS Electronic databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, Wanfang, China Biological Medicine and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) will be used to search clinical case-control studies about MMP-9 polymorphism and DN published until 18 August 2020. The language will be restricted to Chinese and English. Two reviewers will take charge of completing the selection of study, the extraction of data as well as the assessment of study quality independently. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale will be used to evaluate the study quality. We will evaluate the association under 5 genetic models. Fixed-effects or random-effects models will be used to calculate the effect sizes of odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Afterwards, subgroup analysis will be conducted in terms of the ethnicity and genotyping method. Additionally, sensitivity analysis will be performed via sequentially omitting each of the included studies one at a time. The funnel plots, Egger regression test, and Begg rank correlation test will be used to test the potential publication bias. All the statistical analyses will be performed using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0. RESULTS This protocol reported according to the Preferred Reporting ltems for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement. This study will provide a better understanding of the association between MMP-9 polymorphisms and DN risk. CONCLUSION Publishing this protocol will minimize the potential bias related to data mining, thus contributing to generation of reliable evidence. OSF REGISTRATION NUMBER DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/H5FS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Health Management Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University
| | | | | | - Guotao Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Bishan Hospital, Bishan District, Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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17
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Human carnosinase 1 overexpression aggravates diabetes and renal impairment in BTBR Ob/Ob mice. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1333-1346. [PMID: 32803273 PMCID: PMC7447680 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01957-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To assess the influence of serum carnosinase (CN1) on the course of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methods hCN1 transgenic (TG) mice were generated in a BTBROb/Ob genetic background to allow the spontaneous development of DKD in the presence of serum carnosinase. The influence of serum CN1 expression on obesity, hyperglycemia, and renal impairment was assessed. We also studied if aggravation of renal impairment in hCN1 TG BTBROb/Ob mice leads to changes in the renal transcriptome as compared with wild-type BTBROb/Ob mice. Results hCN1 was detected in the serum and urine of mice from two different hCN1 TG lines. The transgene was expressed in the liver but not in the kidney. High CN1 expression was associated with low plasma and renal carnosine concentrations, even after oral carnosine supplementation. Obese hCN1 transgenic BTBROb/Ob mice displayed significantly higher levels of glycated hemoglobin, glycosuria, proteinuria, and increased albumin-creatinine ratios (1104 ± 696 vs 492.1 ± 282.2 μg/mg) accompanied by an increased glomerular tuft area and renal corpuscle size. Gene-expression profiling of renal tissue disclosed hierarchical clustering between BTBROb/Wt, BTBROb/Ob, and hCN1 BTBROb/Ob mice. Along with aggravation of the DKD phenotype, 26 altered genes have been found in obese hCN1 transgenic mice; among them claudin-1, thrombospondin-1, nephronectin, and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-alpha have been reported to play essential roles in DKD. Conclusions Our data support a role for serum carnosinase 1 in the progression of DKD. Whether this is mainly attributed to the changes in renal carnosine concentrations warrants further studies. Key messages Increased carnosinase 1 (CN1) is associated with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). BTBROb/Ob mice with human CN1 develop a more aggravated DKD phenotype. Microarray revealed alterations by CN1 which are not altered by hyperglycemia. These genes have been described to play essential roles in DKD. Inhibiting CN1 could be beneficial in DKD.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-020-01957-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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18
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Kilis-Pstrusinska K. Carnosine and Kidney Diseases: What We Currently Know? Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1764-1781. [PMID: 31362685 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190730130024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is an endogenously synthesised dipeptide which is present in different human tissues e.g. in the kidney. Carnosine is degraded by enzyme serum carnosinase, encoding by CNDP1 gene. Carnosine is engaged in different metabolic pathways in the kidney. It reduces the level of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, inhibits advanced glycation end products' formation, moreover, it also decreases the mesangial cell proliferation. Carnosine may also serve as a scavenger of peroxyl and hydroxyl radicals and a natural angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. This review summarizes the results of experimental and human studies concerning the role of carnosine in kidney diseases, particularly in chronic kidney disease, ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute renal failure, diabetic nephropathy and also drug-induced nephrotoxicity. The interplay between serum carnosine concentration and serum carnosinase activity and polymorphism in the CNDP1 gene is discussed. Carnosine has renoprotective properties. It has a promising potential for the treatment and prevention of different kidney diseases, particularly chronic kidney disease which is a global public health issue. Further studies of the role of carnosine in the kidney may offer innovative and effective strategies for the management of kidney diseases.
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Menini S, Iacobini C, Fantauzzi CB, Pugliese G. L-carnosine and its Derivatives as New Therapeutic Agents for the Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Complications of Diabetes. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1744-1763. [PMID: 31296153 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190711102718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular complications are among the most serious manifestations of diabetes. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of reduced life quality and expectancy in diabetics, whereas diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy are the most common causes of end-stage renal disease and blindness. An effective therapeutic approach to prevent vascular complications should counteract the mechanisms of injury. Among them, the toxic effects of Advanced Glycation (AGEs) and Lipoxidation (ALEs) end-products are well-recognized contributors to these sequelae. L-carnosine (β-alanyl-Lhistidine) acts as a quencher of the AGE/ALE precursors Reactive Carbonyl Species (RCS), which are highly reactive aldehydes derived from oxidative and non-oxidative modifications of sugars and lipids. Consistently, L-carnosine was found to be effective in several disease models in which glyco/lipoxidation plays a central pathogenic role. Unfortunately, in humans, L-carnosine is rapidly inactivated by serum carnosinase. Therefore, the search for carnosinase-resistant derivatives of Lcarnosine represents a suitable strategy against carbonyl stress-dependent disorders, particularly diabetic vascular complications. In this review, we present and discuss available data on the efficacy of L-carnosine and its derivatives in preventing vascular complications in rodent models of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. We also discuss genetic findings providing evidence for the involvement of the carnosinase/L-carnosine system in the risk of developing diabetic nephropathy and for preferring the use of carnosinase-resistant compounds in human disease. The availability of therapeutic strategies capable to prevent both long-term glucose toxicity, resulting from insufficient glucoselowering therapy, and lipotoxicity may help reduce the clinical and economic burden of vascular complications of diabetes and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
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Yamakawa-Kobayashi K, Ohhara Y, Kawashima T, Ohishi Y, Kayashima Y. Loss of CNDP causes a shorter lifespan and higher sensitivity to oxidative stress in Drosophila melanogaster. Biomed Res 2020; 41:131-138. [PMID: 32522930 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.41.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Increasing oxidative stress seems to be the result of an imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defenses. During the course of aging, oxidative stress causes tissue/cellular damage, which is implicated in numerous age-related diseases. Carnosinase (CN or CNDP) is dipeptidase, which is associated with carnosine and/or glutathione (GSH) metabolism, those are the most abundant naturally occurring endogenous dipeptide and tripeptides with antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties. In the present study, we generated Drosophila cndp (dcndp) mutant flies using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to study the roles of dcndp in vivo. We demonstrate that dcndp mutant flies exhibit shorter lifespan and increased sensitivity to paraquat or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced oxidative stress. These results suggest that dcndp maintains homeostatic conditions, protecting cells and tissues against the harmful effects of oxidative stress in the course of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yuya Ohhara
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Takumi Kawashima
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yoshitatsu Ohishi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Peters V, Yard B, Schmitt CP. Carnosine and Diabetic Nephropathy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1801-1812. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190326111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is a major complication in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes
and represents the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Novel therapeutic approaches are
warranted. In view of a polymorphism in the carnosinase 1 gene CNDP1, resulting in reduced
carnosine degradation activity and a significant DN risk reduction, carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine)
has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target. Carnosine has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
anti-glycation and reactive carbonyl quenching properties. In diabetic rodents, carnosine supplementation
consistently improved renal histology and function and in most studies, also glucose metabolism.
Even though plasma half-life of carnosine in humans is short, first intervention studies in (pre-)
diabetic patients yielded promising results. The precise molecular mechanisms of carnosine mediated
protective action, however, are still incompletely understood. This review highlights the recent
knowledge on the role of the carnosine metabolism in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Peters
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benito Yard
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Kopylov AT, Kaysheva AL, Papysheva O, Gribova I, Kotaysch G, Kharitonova L, Mayatskaya T, Krasheninnikova A, Morozov SG. Association of Proteins Modulating Immune Response and Insulin Clearance During Gestation with Antenatal Complications in Patients with Gestational or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041032. [PMID: 32326243 PMCID: PMC7226479 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the study is to establish and quantitatively assess protein markers and their combination in association with insulin uptake that may be have value for early prospective recognition of diabetic fetopathy (DF) as a complication in patients with diabetes mellitus during gestation. Methods: Proteomic surveying and accurate quantitative measurement of selected proteins from plasma samples collected from the patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who gave birth of either healthy or affected by maternal diabetes newborns was performed using mass spectrometry. Results: We determined and quantitatively measured several proteins, including CRP, CEACAM1, CNDP1 and Ig-family that were significantly differed in patients that gave birth of newborns with signs of DF. We found that patients with newborns associated with DF are characterized by significantly decreased CEACAM1 (113.18 ± 16.23 ng/mL and 81.09 ± 10.54 ng/mL in GDM and T2DM, p < 0.005) in contrast to control group (515.6 ± 72.14 ng/mL, p < 0.005). On the contrary, the concentration of CNDP1 was increased in DF-associated groups and attained 49.3 ± 5.18 ng/mL and 37.7 ± 3.34 ng/mL (p < 0.005) in GDM and T2DM groups, respectively. Among other proteins, dramatically decreased concentration of IgG4 and IgA2 subclasses of immunoglobulins were noticed. Conclusion: The combination of the measured markers may assist (AUC = 0.893 (CI 95%, 0.785–0.980) in establishing the clinical finding of the developing DF especially in patients with GDM who are at the highest risk of chronic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur T. Kopylov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (S.G.M.)
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Proteomic Researches, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-926-185-4049
| | - Anna L. Kaysheva
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Department of Proteomic Researches, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Olga Papysheva
- Sergey S. Yudin 7th State Clinical Hospital, Perinatal Center, 115446 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Iveta Gribova
- Nikolay E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 110020 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.); (G.K.)
- “Biopharm-Test” Limited Liability Company, 121170 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Kotaysch
- Nikolay E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 110020 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.); (G.K.)
| | - Lubov Kharitonova
- Nikolay I. Pirogov Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Tatiana Mayatskaya
- Nikolay I. Pirogov Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.K.); (T.M.)
| | - Anna Krasheninnikova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (S.G.M.)
| | - Sergey G. Morozov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (S.G.M.)
- Nikolay E. Bauman 29th State Clinical Hospital, 110020 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.); (G.K.)
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23
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Zhang LQ, Yang HQ, Yang SQ, Wang Y, Chen XJ, Lu HS, Zhao LP. CNDP2 Acts as an Activator for Human Ovarian Cancer Growth and Metastasis via the PI3K/AKT Pathway. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 18:1533033819874773. [PMID: 31537175 PMCID: PMC6755628 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819874773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The mechanism of tumorigenesis and metastasis of ovarian cancer has not yet been
elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of
cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2 in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Methods: Cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2 expression in human ovarian cancer tissues and cell
lines was assessed with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT), clone formation, and
transwell assays performed to evaluate the ability of ovarian cancer cells to
proliferate and migrate. Nude mice tumor formation experiments were also performed by
subcutaneously injecting cells with stable cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2 knockdown
and control SKOV3 cells into BALB/c female nude mice to detect changes in PI3K/AKT
pathway-related proteins by Western blotting. Results: Cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2 was highly expressed in human ovarian cancer
tissues, with its expression associated with pathological data, including ovarian cancer
metastasis. A cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2 stable knockdown or ectopic expression
ovarian cancer cell model was established and demonstrated that cytosolic nonspecific
dipeptidase 2 could promote the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Transwell cell
migration and invasion assays confirmed that cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2
enhanced cell metastasis in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, in vivo
xenograft experiments demonstrated that cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2 can promote
the development and progression of ovarian cancer, increasing the expression of
phosphorylated PI3K and AKT. Conclusions: Cytosolic nonspecific dipeptidase 2 promotes the occurrence and development of ovarian
cancer through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Q Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Hua Q Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Su Q Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Xian J Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Hong S Lu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Ling P Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Taizhou Central Hospital, Taizhou, China
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Asgarbeik S, Razi F, Nasli-Esfahani E, Enayati S, Angaji S, Mashkani MA, Forouzanfar K, Amoli MM. Investigating the association of rs2346061 (CNDP1), rs7577 (CNDP2), and rs1801133 (MTHFR) variants and homocysteine level with diabetic nephropathy in an Iranian population. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Gu HF. Genetic and Epigenetic Studies in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Genet 2019; 10:507. [PMID: 31231424 PMCID: PMC6566106 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide health crisis, while diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DKD is a microvascular complication and occurs in 30–40% of diabetes patients. Epidemiological investigations and clinical observations on the familial clustering and heritability in DKD have highlighted an underlying genetic susceptibility. Furthermore, DKD is a progressive and long-term diabetic complication, in which epigenetic effects and environmental factors interact with an individual’s genetic background. In recent years, researchers have undertaken genetic and epigenetic studies of DKD in order to better understand its molecular mechanisms. In this review, clinical material, research approaches and experimental designs that have been used for genetic and epigenetic studies of DKD are described. Current information from genetic and epigenetic studies of DKD and ESRD in patients with diabetes, including the approaches of genome-wide association study (GWAS) or epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) and candidate gene association analyses, are summarized. Further investigation of molecular defects in DKD with new approaches such as next generation sequencing analysis and phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvest F Gu
- Center for Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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26
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Wang Z, Liu F, Ye S, Jiang P, Yu X, Xu J, Du X, Ma L, Cao H, Yuan C, Shen Y, Lin F, Zhang R, Li C. Plasma proteome profiling of high-altitude polycythemia using TMT-based quantitative proteomics approach. J Proteomics 2019; 194:60-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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27
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Zhang S, Albrecht T, Rodriguez-Niño A, Qiu J, Schnuelle P, Peters V, Schmitt CP, van den Born J, Bakker SJL, Lammert A, Krämer BK, Yard BA, Hauske SJ. Carnosinase concentration, activity, and CNDP1 genotype in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without nephropathy. Amino Acids 2019; 51:611-617. [PMID: 30610469 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-02692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed if serum carnosinase (CNDP1) activity and concentration in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) with diabetic nephropathy (DN) differs from those without nephropathy. In a cross-sectional design 127 patients with T2D with DN ((CTG)5 homozygous patients n = 45) and 145 patients with T2D without nephropathy ((CTG)5 homozygous patients n = 47) were recruited. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to predict factors relevant for serum CNDP1 concentration. CNDP1 (CTG)5 homozygous patients with T2D with DN had significantly lower CNDP1 concentrations (30.4 ± 18.3 vs 51.2 ± 17.6 µg/ml, p < 0.05) and activity (1.25 ± 0.5 vs 2.53 ± 1.1 µmol/ml/h, p < 0.05) than those without nephropathy. This applied for patients with DN on the whole, irrespective of (CTG)5 homozygosity. In the multivariate regression analyses, lower serum CNDP1 concentrations correlated with impaired renal function and to a lesser extend with the CNDP1 genotype (95% CI of regression coefficients: eGFR: 0.10-1.94 (p = 0.001); genotype: - 0.05 to 5.79 (p = 0.055)). Our study demonstrates that serum CNDP1 concentrations associate with CNDP1 genotype and renal function in patients with T2D. Our data warrant further studies using large cohorts to confirm these findings and to delineate the correlation between low serum CNDP1 concentrations and renal function deterioration in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhang
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei Shi, China
| | - Thomas Albrecht
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Angelica Rodriguez-Niño
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jiedong Qiu
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Schnuelle
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Peters
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Lammert
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard K Krämer
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benito A Yard
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Sibylle J Hauske
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology) University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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CNDP1, NOS3, and MnSOD Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for Diabetic Nephropathy among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Malaysia. J Nutr Metab 2019; 2019:8736215. [PMID: 30719346 PMCID: PMC6335667 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8736215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a high incidence of nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a genetic polymorphism of carnosinase (CNDP1-D18S880 and -rs2346061), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3-rs1799983), and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD-rs4880) genes with the development of diabetic nephropathy among Malaysian type 2 diabetic patients. A case-control association study was performed using 652 T2DM patients comprising 227 Malays (without nephropathy = 96 and nephropathy = 131), 203 Chinese (without nephropathy = 95 and nephropathy = 108), and 222 Indians (without nephropathy = 136 and nephropathy = 86). DNA sequencing was performed for the D18S880 of CNDP1, while the rest were tested using DNA Sequenom MassARRAY to identify the polymorphisms. DNA was extracted from the secondary blood samples taken from the T2DM patients. The alleles and genotypes were tested using four genetic models, and the best mode of inheritance was chosen based on the least p value. The rs2346061 of CNDP1 was significantly associated with diabetic nephropathy among the Indians only with OR = 1.94 and 95% CI = (1.76–3.20) and fitted best the multiplicative model, while D18S880 was associated among all the three major races with the Malays having the strongest association with OR = 2.46 and 95% CI = (1.48–4.10), Chinese with OR = 2.26 and 95% CI = (1.34–3.83), and Indians with OR = 1.77 and 95% CI = (1.18–2.65) in the genotypic multiplicative model. The best mode of inheritance for both MnSOD and NOS3 was the additive model. For MnSOD-rs4880, the Chinese had OR = 2.8 and 95% CI = (0.53–14.94), Indians had OR = 2.4 and 95% CI = (0.69–2.84), and Malays had OR = 2.16 and 95% CI = (0.54–8.65), while for NOS3-rs1799983, the Indians had the highest risk with OR = 3.16 and 95% CI = (0.52–17.56), followed by the Chinese with OR = 3.55 and 95% CI = (0.36–35.03) and the Malays with OR = 2.89 and 95% CI = (0.29–28.32). The four oxidative stress-related polymorphisms have significant effects on the development of nephropathy in type 2 diabetes patients. The genes may, therefore, be considered as risk factors for Malaysian subjects who are predisposed to T2DM nephropathy.
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29
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Colombo M, Looker HC, Farran B, Hess S, Groop L, Palmer CNA, Brosnan MJ, Dalton RN, Wong M, Turner C, Ahlqvist E, Dunger D, Agakov F, Durrington P, Livingstone S, Betteridge J, McKeigue PM, Colhoun HM. Serum kidney injury molecule 1 and β 2-microglobulin perform as well as larger biomarker panels for prediction of rapid decline in renal function in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2019; 62:156-168. [PMID: 30288572 PMCID: PMC6290680 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4741-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS As part of the Surrogate Markers for Micro- and Macrovascular Hard Endpoints for Innovative Diabetes Tools (SUMMIT) programme we previously reported that large panels of biomarkers derived from three analytical platforms maximised prediction of progression of renal decline in type 2 diabetes. Here, we hypothesised that smaller (n ≤ 5), platform-specific combinations of biomarkers selected from these larger panels might achieve similar prediction performance when tested in three additional type 2 diabetes cohorts. METHODS We used 657 serum samples, held under differing storage conditions, from the Scania Diabetes Registry (SDR) and Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research Tayside (GoDARTS), and a further 183 nested case-control sample set from the Collaborative Atorvastatin in Diabetes Study (CARDS). We analysed 42 biomarkers measured on the SDR and GoDARTS samples by a variety of methods including standard ELISA, multiplexed ELISA (Luminex) and mass spectrometry. The subset of 21 Luminex biomarkers was also measured on the CARDS samples. We used the event definition of loss of >20% of baseline eGFR during follow-up from a baseline eGFR of 30-75 ml min-1 [1.73 m]-2. A total of 403 individuals experienced an event during a median follow-up of 7 years. We used discrete-time logistic regression models with tenfold cross-validation to assess association of biomarker panels with loss of kidney function. RESULTS Twelve biomarkers showed significant association with eGFR decline adjusted for covariates in one or more of the sample sets when evaluated singly. Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and β2-microglobulin (B2M) showed the most consistent effects, with standardised odds ratios for progression of at least 1.4 (p < 0.0003) in all cohorts. A combination of B2M and KIM-1 added to clinical covariates, including baseline eGFR and albuminuria, modestly improved prediction, increasing the area under the curve in the SDR, Go-DARTS and CARDS by 0.079, 0.073 and 0.239, respectively. Neither the inclusion of additional Luminex biomarkers on top of B2M and KIM-1 nor a sparse mass spectrometry panel, nor the larger multiplatform panels previously identified, consistently improved prediction further across all validation sets. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Serum KIM-1 and B2M independently improve prediction of renal decline from an eGFR of 30-75 ml min-1 [1.73 m]-2 in type 2 diabetes beyond clinical factors and prior eGFR and are robust to varying sample storage conditions. Larger panels of biomarkers did not improve prediction beyond these two biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colombo
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Helen C Looker
- Population Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Bassam Farran
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Sibylle Hess
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - R Neil Dalton
- Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Max Wong
- Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Charles Turner
- Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - David Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Paul Durrington
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - John Betteridge
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Paul M McKeigue
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Helen M Colhoun
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
- NHS Fife, Fife, UK.
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30
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Rodriguez-Niño A, Hauske SJ, Herold A, Qiu J, van den Born J, Bakker SJL, Krämer BK, Yard BA. Serum Carnosinase-1 and Albuminuria Rather than the CNDP1 Genotype Correlate with Urinary Carnosinase-1 in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:6850628. [PMID: 31950064 PMCID: PMC6948305 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6850628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnosinase-1 (CN-1) can be detected in 24 h urine of healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We aimed to assess whether urinary CN-1 is also reliably measured in spot urine and investigated its association with renal function and the albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). We also assessed associations between the CNDP1 (CTG) n genotype and CN-1 concentrations in serum and urine. METHODS Patients with T2DM (n = 85) and nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n = 26) stratified by albuminuria (ACR ≤ 300 mg/g or ACR > 300 mg/g) recruited from the nephrology clinic and healthy subjects (n = 24) were studied. RESULTS Urinary CN-1 was more frequently detected and displayed higher concentrations in patients with ACR > 300 mg/g as compared to those with ACR ≤ 300 mg/g irrespective of the baseline disease (T2DM: 554 ng/ml [IQR 212-934 ng/ml] vs. 31 ng/ml [IQR 31-63 ng/ml] (p < 0.0001) and nondiabetic CKD: 197 ng/ml [IQR 112-739] vs. 31 ng/ml [IQR 31-226 ng/ml] (p = 0.015)). A positive correlation between urinary CN-1 and ACR was found (r = 0.68, p < 0.0001). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that ACR and serum CN-1 concentrations but not eGFR or the CNDP1 genotype are independent predictors of urinary CN-1, explaining 47% of variation of urinary CN-1 concentrations (R 2 = 0.47, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION These results confirm and extend previous findings on urinary CN-1 concentrations, suggesting that assessment of CN-1 in spot urine is as reliable as in 24 h urine and may indicate that urinary CN-1 in macroalbuminuric patients is primarily serum-derived and not locally produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Rodriguez-Niño
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Sibylle J. Hauske
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Anna Herold
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Jiedong Qiu
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700RB, Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700RB, Netherlands
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Benito A. Yard
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim 68167, Germany
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Protective Actions of Anserine Under Diabetic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092751. [PMID: 30217069 PMCID: PMC6164239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: In rodents, carnosine treatment improves diabetic nephropathy, whereas little is known about the role and function of anserine, the methylated form of carnosine. Methods: Antioxidant activity was measured by oxygen radical absorbance capacity and oxygen stress response in human renal tubular cells (HK-2) by RT-PCR and Western-Immunoblotting. In wildtype (WT) and diabetic mice (db/db), the effect of short-term anserine treatment on blood glucose, proteinuria and vascular permeability was measured. Results: Anserine has a higher antioxidant capacity compared to carnosine (p < 0.001). In tubular cells (HK-2) stressed with 25 mM glucose or 20–100 µM hydrogen peroxide, anserine but not carnosine, increased intracellular heat shock protein (Hsp70) mRNA and protein levels. In HK-2 cells stressed with glucose, co-incubation with anserine also increased hemeoxygenase (HO-1) protein and reduced total protein carbonylation, but had no effect on cellular sirtuin-1 and thioredoxin protein concentrations. Three intravenous anserine injections every 48 h in 12-week-old db/db mice, improved blood glucose by one fifth, vascular permeability by one third, and halved proteinuria (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Anserine is a potent antioxidant and activates the intracellular Hsp70/HO-1 defense system under oxidative and glycative stress. Short-term anserine treatment in diabetic mice improves glucose homeostasis and nephropathy.
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Detection of carnosinase-1 in urine of healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes: correlation with albuminuria and renal function. Amino Acids 2018; 51:17-25. [PMID: 29961141 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2602-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Low serum carnosinase (CN-1) concentrations are associated with low risk for development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although CN-1 is expressed in the kidney, urinary CN-1 (CNU) excretion and its pathological relevance in patients with T2D have not been investigated to date. The present study therefore assessed the extent of CNU excretion in healthy subjects (n = 243) and in patients with T2D (n = 361) enrolled in the DIAbetes and LifEstyle Cohort Twente-1 (DIALECT-1) in relation to functional renal parameters. CNU was detected in a high proportion of healthy individuals, 180 (74%); median CNU excretion was 0.25 mg/24 h [(IQR 0-0.65 mg/24 h]. In patients with T2D the prevalence and extent of CNU increased in parallel with albuminuria (r = 0.59, p < 0.0001; median CNU 0.1 vs 0.2 vs 1.5 mg/24 h, p < 0.0001; prevalence of CNU 61 vs. 81 vs. 97% p < 0.05 in normo- (n = 241), micro- (n = 80) and macroalbuminuria (n = 40), respectively). Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 displayed higher median CNU excretion rates in comparison to patients with preserved eGFR (> 90 ml/min/1.73 m2) (1.36 vs 0.13 mg/24 h, p < 0.05). Backward stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis revealed albuminuria, eGFR and glycosuria to be independent factors of CNU excretion rates, all together explaining 37% of variation of CNU excretion rates (R2 = 0.37, p < 0.0001). These results show for the first time that CN-1 can be detected in urine and warrants prospective studies to assess the relevance of CNU for renal function deterioration in diabetes patients.
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Yamakawa-Kobayashi K, Otagi E, Ohhara Y, Goda T, Kasezawa N, Kayashima Y. The Combined Effects of Genetic Variation in the CNDP1 and CNDP2 Genes and Dietary Carbohydrate and Carotene Intake on Obesity Risk. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2018; 10:146-154. [PMID: 29402779 DOI: 10.1159/000485798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS It is possible that carnosinase (CNDP1) and cellular nonspecific dipeptidase (CNDP2) have important roles in protecting cells and tissues against the damage of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress and subsequent inflammation are key factors in the development of common chronic metabolic diseases, such as obesity. We aimed to investigate the combined effects of genetic variations in CNDP1 and CNDP2 and dietary carbohydrate and carotene intake on obesity risk. METHODS A total of 1,059 Japanese men were randomly selected from participants who visited a medical center for routine medical checkups. We analyzed the relationships between the genotypes of 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs12605520, rs7244647, rs4891558, and rs17089368) in the CNDP1/CNDP2 locus and body mass index or prevalence of obesity/overweight taking into account dietary carbohydrate and carotene intake. RESULTS We found that 2 SNPs (rs7244647 in CNDP1 and rs4891558 in CNDP2) were associated with obesity risk. In addition, these associations were observed only in the group with high carbohydrate and low carotene intake but not in the group with low carbohydrate and high carotene intake. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the combination of genetic variations in CNDP1 and CNDP2 and dietary carbohydrate/carotene intake modulate obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimiko Yamakawa-Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Peters V, Zschocke J, Schmitt CP. Carnosinase, diabetes mellitus and the potential relevance of carnosinase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:39-47. [PMID: 29027595 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-017-0099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carnosinase (CN1) is a dipeptidase, encoded by the CNDP1 gene, that degrades histidine-containing dipeptides, such as carnosine, anserine and homocarnosine. Loss of CN1 function (also called carnosinase deficiency or aminoacyl-histidine dipeptidase deficiency) has been reported in a small number of patients with highly elevated blood carnosine concentrations, denoted carnosinaemia; it is unclear whether the variety of clinical symptoms in these individuals is causally related to carnosinase deficiency. Reduced CN1 function should increase serum carnosine concentrations but the genetic basis of carnosinaemia has not been formally confirmed to be due to CNDP1 mutations. A CNDP1 polymorphism associated with low CN1 activity correlates with significantly reduced risk for diabetic nephropathy, especially in women with type 2 diabetes, and may slow progression of chronic kidney disease in children with glomerulonephritis. Studies in rodents demonstrate antiproteinuric and vasculoprotective effects of carnosine, the precise molecular mechanisms, however, are still incompletely understood. Thus, carnosinemia due to CN1 deficiency may be a non-disease; in contrast, carnosine may potentially protect against long-term sequelae of reactive metabolites accumulating, e.g. in diabetes and chronic renal failure.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/diagnosis
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/enzymology
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/epidemiology
- Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors/genetics
- Animals
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/diagnosis
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/enzymology
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/epidemiology
- Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis
- Diabetic Nephropathies/enzymology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/epidemiology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Dipeptidases/deficiency
- Dipeptidases/genetics
- Humans
- Mutation
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Prognosis
- Protective Factors
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Peters
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claus P Schmitt
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Iacobini C, Menini S, Blasetti Fantauzzi C, Pesce CM, Giaccari A, Salomone E, Lapolla A, Orioli M, Aldini G, Pugliese G. FL-926-16, a novel bioavailable carnosinase-resistant carnosine derivative, prevents onset and stops progression of diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:53-66. [PMID: 29053168 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The advanced glycation end products (AGEs) participate in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) by promoting renal inflammation and injury. L-carnosine acts as a quencher of the AGE precursors reactive carbonyl species (RCS), but is rapidly inactivated by carnosinase. In this study, we evaluated the effect of FL-926-16, a carnosinase-resistant and bioavailable carnosine derivative, on the onset and progression of DN in db/db mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Adult male db/db mice and coeval db/m controls were left untreated or treated with FL-926-16 (30 mg·kg-1 body weight) from weeks 6 to 20 (prevention protocol) or from weeks 20 to 34 (regression protocol). KEY RESULTS In the prevention protocol, FL-926-16 significantly attenuated increases in creatinine (-80%), albuminuria (-77%), proteinuria (-75%), mean glomerular area (-34%), fractional (-40%) and mean (-42%) mesangial area in db/db mice. This protective effect was associated with a reduction in glomerular matrix protein expression and cell apoptosis, circulating and tissue oxidative and carbonyl stress, and renal inflammatory markers, including the NLRP3 inflammasome. In the regression protocol, the progression of DN was completely blocked, although not reversed, by FL-926-16. In cultured mesangial cells, FL-926-16 prevented NLRP3 expression induced by RCS but not by the AGE Nε -carboxymethyllysine. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FL-926-16 is effective at preventing the onset of DN and halting its progression in db/db mice by quenching RCS, thereby reducing the accumulation of their protein adducts and the consequent inflammatory response. In a future perspective, this novel compound may represent a promising AGE-reducing approach for DN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, 'La Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, 'La Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Giaccari
- Endo-Metabolic Diseases Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Salomone
- Endo-Metabolic Diseases Unit, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marica Orioli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, 'La Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
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Barrett EJ, Liu Z, Khamaisi M, King GL, Klein R, Klein BEK, Hughes TM, Craft S, Freedman BI, Bowden DW, Vinik AI, Casellini CM. Diabetic Microvascular Disease: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:4343-4410. [PMID: 29126250 PMCID: PMC5718697 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes adversely affect the microvasculature in multiple organs. Our understanding of the genesis of this injury and of potential interventions to prevent, limit, or reverse injury/dysfunction is continuously evolving. This statement reviews biochemical/cellular pathways involved in facilitating and abrogating microvascular injury. The statement summarizes the types of injury/dysfunction that occur in the three classical diabetes microvascular target tissues, the eye, the kidney, and the peripheral nervous system; the statement also reviews information on the effects of diabetes and insulin resistance on the microvasculature of skin, brain, adipose tissue, and cardiac and skeletal muscle. Despite extensive and intensive research, it is disappointing that microvascular complications of diabetes continue to compromise the quantity and quality of life for patients with diabetes. Hopefully, by understanding and building on current research findings, we will discover new approaches for prevention and treatment that will be effective for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene J. Barrett
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Mogher Khamaisi
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - George L. King
- Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Ronald Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Barbara E. K. Klein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Timothy M. Hughes
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Barry I. Freedman
- Divisions of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Centers for Diabetes Research, and Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Divisions of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Centers for Diabetes Research, and Center for Human Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157
| | - Aaron I. Vinik
- EVMS Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical Center, Norfolk, Virginia 23510
| | - Carolina M. Casellini
- EVMS Strelitz Diabetes Center, Eastern Virginia Medical Center, Norfolk, Virginia 23510
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Yadav AK, Sinha N, Kumar V, Bhansali A, Dutta P, Jha V. Association of CTG repeat polymorphism in carnosine dipeptidase 1 ( CNDP1) gene with diabetic nephropathy in north Indians. Indian J Med Res 2017; 144:32-37. [PMID: 27834323 PMCID: PMC5116895 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.193280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES CNDP1 gene, present on chromosome 18q22.3-23, encodes carnosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in hydrolysis of carnosine to ß-alanine and L-histidine. Linkage of CTG trinucleotide (leucine) repeat polymorphism in CNDP1 gene with diabetic nephropathy has been observed in several populations. However, this association is conflicting and population-dependent. We investigated this association in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with and without nephropathy in north India. METHODS A total of 564 individuals [199 T2DM without nephropathy (DM), 185 T2DM with nephropathy (DN) and 180 healthy individuals (HC)] were enrolled. CNDP1 CTG repeat analysis was done by direct sequencing of a 377 base pair fragment in exon 2. RESULTS The most frequent leucine (L) repeats were 5L-5L, 6L-5L and 6L-6L. 5L-5L genotype frequency was reduced in DN (24.3%) as compared to DM (34.7%, P=0.035) and HC (38.4%, P=0.005). Similarly, 5L allele frequency was lower in DN (46.8%) as compared to DM (57.3%, P=0.004) and HC (60.5%, P<0.001). The genotype and allelic frequencies were similar in DM and HC groups. No gender specific difference was observed in the genotype or allelic frequencies between groups. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSIONS Compared to healthy individuals and those with diabetes but no kidney disease, patients with diabetic nephropathy exhibited lower frequencies of 5L-5L genotype and 5L allele of CNDP1 gene, suggesting that this allele might confer protection against development of kidney disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Yadav
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nisha Sinha
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pinaki Dutta
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh; George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
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Automated pathway and reaction prediction facilitates in silico identification of unknown metabolites in human cohort studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1071:58-67. [PMID: 28479069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Identification of metabolites in non-targeted metabolomics continues to be a bottleneck in metabolomics studies in large human cohorts. Unidentified metabolites frequently emerge in the results of association studies linking metabolite levels to, for example, clinical phenotypes. For further analyses these unknown metabolites must be identified. Current approaches utilize chemical information, such as spectral details and fragmentation characteristics to determine components of unknown metabolites. Here, we propose a systems biology model exploiting the internal correlation structure of metabolite levels in combination with existing biochemical and genetic information to characterize properties of unknown molecules. Levels of 758 metabolites (439 known, 319 unknown) in human blood samples of 2279 subjects were measured using a non-targeted metabolomics platform (LC-MS and GC-MS). We reconstructed the structure of biochemical pathways that are imprinted in these metabolomics data by building an empirical network model based on 1040 significant partial correlations between metabolites. We further added associations of these metabolites to 134 genes from genome-wide association studies as well as reactions and functional relations to genes from the public database Recon 2 to the network model. From the local neighborhood in the network, we were able to predict the pathway annotation of 180 unknown metabolites. Furthermore, we classified 100 pairs of known and unknown and 45 pairs of unknown metabolites to 21 types of reactions based on their mass differences. As a proof of concept, we then looked further into the special case of predicted dehydrogenation reactions leading us to the selection of 39 candidate molecules for 5 unknown metabolites. Finally, we could verify 2 of those candidates by applying LC-MS analyses of commercially available candidate substances. The formerly unknown metabolites X-13891 and X-13069 were shown to be 2-dodecendioic acid and 9-tetradecenoic acid, respectively. Our data-driven approach based on measured metabolite levels and genetic associations as well as information from public resources can be used alone or together with methods utilizing spectral patterns as a complementary, automated and powerful method to characterize unknown metabolites.
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Shen Z, Fang Y, Xing T, Wang F. Diabetic Nephropathy: From Pathophysiology to Treatment. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:2379432. [PMID: 29201920 PMCID: PMC5672629 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2379432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xing
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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40
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Albrecht T, Zhang S, Braun JD, Xia L, Rodriquez A, Qiu J, Peters V, Schmitt CP, van den Born J, Bakker SJL, Lammert A, Köppel H, Schnuelle P, Krämer BK, Yard BA, Hauske SJ. The CNDP1 (CTG) 5 Polymorphism Is Associated with Biopsy-Proven Diabetic Nephropathy, Time on Hemodialysis, and Diabetes Duration. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:9506730. [PMID: 28553654 PMCID: PMC5434468 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9506730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering that the homozygous CNDP1 (CTG)5 genotype affords protection against diabetic nephropathy (DN) in female patients with type 2 diabetes, this study assessed if this association remains gender-specific when applying clinical inclusion criteria (CIC-DN) or biopsy proof (BP-DN). Additionally, it assessed if the prevalence of the protective genotype changes with diabetes duration and time on hemodialysis and if this occurs in association with serum carnosinase (CN-1) activity. Whereas the distribution of the (CTG)5 homozygous genotype in the no-DN and CIC-DN patients was comparable, a lower frequency was found in the BP-DN patients, particularly in females. We observed a significant trend towards high frequencies of the (CTG)5 homozygous genotype with increased time on dialysis. This was also observed for diabetes duration but only reached significance when both (CTG)5 homo- and heterozygous patients were included. CN-1 activity negatively correlated with time on hemodialysis and was lower in (CTG)5 homozygous patients. The latter remained significant in female subjects after gender stratification. We confirm the association between the CNDP1 genotype and DN to be likely gender-specific. Although our data also suggest that (CTG)5 homozygous patients may have a survival advantage on dialysis and in diabetes, this hypothesis needs to be confirmed in a prospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Albrecht
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- *Thomas Albrecht:
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jana D. Braun
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Li Xia
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Angelica Rodriquez
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jiedong Qiu
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Verena Peters
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus P. Schmitt
- Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Lammert
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hannes Köppel
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Schnuelle
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernhard K. Krämer
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benito A. Yard
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sibylle J. Hauske
- Fifth Medical Department (Nephrology/Endocrinology/Rheumatology), University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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41
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Santos KG. The (CTG) n repeat polymorphism in CNDP1 gene: New insights into an old molecule. Indian J Med Res 2016; 144:6-8. [PMID: 27834319 PMCID: PMC5116900 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.193276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kátia G Santos
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) Canoas, RS, Brazil
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42
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Rahimi M, Vinciguerra M, Daghighi M, Özcan B, Akbarkhanzadeh V, Sheedfar F, Amini M, Mazza T, Pazienza V, Motazacker MM, Mahmoudi M, De Rooij FWM, Sijbrands E, Peppelenbosch MP, Rezaee F. Age-related obesity and type 2 diabetes dysregulate neuronal associated genes and proteins in humans. Oncotarget 2016; 6:29818-32. [PMID: 26337083 PMCID: PMC4745765 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous developed drugs based on glucose metabolism interventions for treatment of age-related diseases such as diabetes neuropathies (DNs), DNs are still increasing in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes (T1D, T2D). We aimed to identify novel candidates in adipose tissue (AT) and pancreas with T2D for targeting to develop new drugs for DNs therapy. AT-T2D displayed 15 (e.g. SYT4 up-regulated and VGF down-regulated) and pancreas-T2D showed 10 (e.g. BAG3 up-regulated, VAV3 and APOA1 down-regulated) highly differentially expressed genes with neuronal functions as compared to control tissues. ELISA was blindly performed to measure proteins of 5 most differentially expressed genes in 41 human subjects. SYT4 protein was upregulated, VAV3 and APOA1 were down-regulated, and BAG3 remained unchanged in 1- Obese and 2- Obese-T2D without insulin, VGF protein was higher in these two groups as well as in group 3- Obese-T2D receiving insulin than 4-lean subjects. Interaction networks analysis of these 5 genes showed several metabolic pathways (e.g. lipid metabolism and insulin signaling). Pancreas is a novel site for APOA1 synthesis. VGF is synthesized in AT and could be considered as good diagnostic, and even prognostic, marker for age-induced diseases obesity and T2D. This study provides new targets for rational drugs development for the therapy of age-related DNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Rahimi
- Faculty of Medical Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London (UCL), London, UK.,Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Mojtaba Daghighi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Behiye Özcan
- Department of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Fareeba Sheedfar
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marzyeh Amini
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Mahdi M Motazacker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.,Department of Nanotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Felix W M De Rooij
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Metabolism, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Sijbrands
- Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, Metabolism, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, University of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Farhad Rezaee
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, University of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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43
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Forsberg EA, Botusan IR, Wang J, Peters V, Ansurudeen I, Brismar K, Catrina SB. Carnosine decreases IGFBP1 production in db/db mice through suppression of HIF-1. J Endocrinol 2015; 225:159-67. [PMID: 25869614 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) is a member of the binding proteins for the IGF with an important role in glucose homeostasis. Circulating IGFBP1 is derived essentially from the liver where it is mainly regulated negatively by insulin. Carnosine, a natural antioxidant, has been shown to improve metabolic control in different animal models of diabetes but its mechanisms of action are still not completely unraveled. We therefore investigate the effect of carnosine treatment on the IGFBP1 regulation in db/db mice. Db/db mice and heterozygous non-diabetic mice received for 4 weeks regular water or water supplemented with carnosine. Igfbp1 mRNA expression in the liver was evaluated using qPCR and the protein levels in plasma by western blot. Plasma IGF1 and insulin were analyzed using immunoassays. HepG2 cells were used to study the in vitro effect of carnosine on IGFBP1. The modulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) which is the central mediator of hypoxia-induction of IGFBP1 was analyzed using: WB, reporter gene assay and qPCR. Carnosine decreased the circulating IGFBP1 levels and the liver expression Igfbp1, through a complex mechanism acting both directly by suppressing the HIF-1α-mediated IGFBP1 induction and indirectly through increasing circulating insulin level followed by a decrease in the blood glucose levels and increased the plasma levels or IGF1. Reduction of IGFBP1 in diabetes through insulin-dependent and insulin-independent pathways is a novel mechanism by which carnosine contributes to the improvement of the metabolic control in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete A Forsberg
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ileana R Botusan
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jing Wang
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Peters
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ishrath Ansurudeen
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brismar
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergiu Bogdan Catrina
- The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Looker HC, Colombo M, Agakov F, Zeller T, Groop L, Thorand B, Palmer CN, Hamsten A, de Faire U, Nogoceke E, Livingstone SJ, Salomaa V, Leander K, Barbarini N, Bellazzi R, van Zuydam N, McKeigue PM, Colhoun HM. Protein biomarkers for the prediction of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2015; 58:1363-71. [PMID: 25740695 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We selected the most informative protein biomarkers for the prediction of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this nested case-control study we measured 42 candidate CVD biomarkers in 1,123 incident CVD cases and 1,187 controls with type 2 diabetes selected from five European centres. Combinations of biomarkers were selected using cross-validated logistic regression models. Model prediction was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). RESULTS Sixteen biomarkers showed univariate associations with incident CVD. The most predictive subset selected by forward selection methods contained six biomarkers: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (OR 1.69 per 1 SD, 95% CI 1.47, 1.95), high-sensitivity troponin T (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.11, 1.51), IL-6 (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02, 1.25), IL-15 (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.01, 1.31), apolipoprotein C-III (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.70, 0.88) and soluble receptor for AGE (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.76, 0.94). The prediction of CVD beyond clinical covariates improved from an AUROC of 0.66 to 0.72 (AUROC for Framingham Risk Score covariates 0.59). In addition to the biomarkers, the most important clinical covariates for improving prediction beyond the Framingham covariates were estimated GFR, insulin therapy and HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We identified six protein biomarkers that in combination with clinical covariates improved the prediction of our model beyond the Framingham Score covariates. Biomarkers can contribute to improved prediction of CVD in diabetes but clinical data including measures of renal function and diabetes-specific factors not included in the Framingham Risk Score are also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C Looker
- Diabetes Epidemiology Unit, University of Dundee, Mackenzie Building, Kirsty Semple Way, Dundee, DD2 4BF, UK,
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Arner P, Henjes F, Schwenk JM, Darmanis S, Dahlman I, Iresjö BM, Naredi P, Agustsson T, Lundholm K, Nilsson P, Rydén M. Circulating carnosine dipeptidase 1 associates with weight loss and poor prognosis in gastrointestinal cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123566. [PMID: 25898255 PMCID: PMC4405487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia (CC) is linked to poor prognosis. Although the mechanisms promoting this condition are not known, several circulating proteins have been proposed to contribute. We analyzed the plasma proteome in cancer subjects in order to identify factors associated with cachexia. DESIGN/SUBJECTS Plasma was obtained from a screening cohort of 59 patients, newly diagnosed with suspected gastrointestinal cancer, with (n = 32) or without (n = 27) cachexia. Samples were subjected to proteomic profiling using 760 antibodies (targeting 698 individual proteins) from the Human Protein Atlas project. The main findings were validated in a cohort of 93 patients with verified and advanced pancreas cancer. RESULTS Only six proteins displayed differential plasma levels in the screening cohort. Among these, Carnosine Dipeptidase 1 (CNDP1) was confirmed by sandwich immunoassay to be lower in CC (p = 0.008). In both cohorts, low CNDP1 levels were associated with markers of poor prognosis including weight loss, malnutrition, lipid breakdown, low circulating albumin/IGF1 levels and poor quality of life. Eleven of the subjects in the discovery cohort were finally diagnosed with non-malignant disease but omitting these subjects from the analyses did not have any major influence on the results. CONCLUSIONS In gastrointestinal cancer, reduced plasma levels of CNDP1 associate with signs of catabolism and poor outcome. These results, together with recently published data demonstrating lower circulating CNDP1 in subjects with glioblastoma and metastatic prostate cancer, suggest that CNDP1 may constitute a marker of aggressive cancer and CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frauke Henjes
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jochen M. Schwenk
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Spyros Darmanis
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Iresjö
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Naredi
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thorhallur Agustsson
- Division of Surgery, Department for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Södersjukhuset, 118 83, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kent Lundholm
- Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Nilsson
- Affinity Proteomics, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, Box 1031, 171 21, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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46
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Alkayyali S, Lyssenko V. Genetics of diabetes complications. Mamm Genome 2014; 25:384-400. [PMID: 25169573 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-014-9543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia and duration of diabetes are the major risk factors associated with development of micro- and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Although it is believed that hyperglycemia induces damage to the particular cell subtypes, e.g., mesangial cells in the renal glomerulus, capillary endothelial cells in the retina, and neurons and Schwann cells in peripheral nerves, the exact mechanisms underlying these damaging defects are not yet well understood. Clustering of micro- and macrovascular complications in families of patients with diabetes suggests a strong genetic susceptibility. However, until now only a handful number of genetic variants were reported to be associated with either nephropathy (ACE, ELMO1, FRMD3, and AKR1B1) or retinopathy (VEGF, AKR1B1, and EPO), and only a few studies were carried out for genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (ADIPOQ, GLUL) in patients with diabetes. It is, therefore, obvious that the accumulation of more data from larger studies and better phenotypically characterized cohorts is needed to facilitate genetic discoveries and unravel novel insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Alkayyali
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, CRC, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,
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47
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Alkhalaf A, Landman GWD, van Hateren KJJ, Groenier KH, Mooyaart AL, De Heer E, Gans ROB, Navis GJ, Bakker SJL, Kleefstra N, Bilo HJG. Sex specific association between carnosinase gene CNDP1 and cardiovascular mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (ZODIAC-22). J Nephrol 2014; 28:201-7. [PMID: 24756973 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-014-0096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Homozygosity for a 5-leucine repeat (5L-5L) in the carnosinase gene (CNDP1) has been associated with a reduced prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in cross-sectional studies in patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly in women. Prospective studies on mortality are not available. This study investigated whether 5L-5L was associated with mortality and progression of renal function loss and to what extent this effect is modified by sex. METHODS In a prospective cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes, a Cox proportional hazard model was used to compare 5L-5L with other genotypes regarding (cardiovascular) mortality. Renal function slopes were obtained by within-individual linear regression of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation, and were compared between 5L-5L and other genotypes. RESULTS 871 patients were included (38% with 5L-5L). After 9.5 years of follow-up, hazards ratios (HR) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in 5L-5L versus other genotypes were 1.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-1.36] and 1.12 (95% CI 0.79-1.58), respectively. There was a significant interaction between CNDP1 and sex for the association with cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.01), not for all-cause mortality (p = 0.32). Adjusted HR in 5L-5L for cardiovascular mortality was 0.69 (95% CI 0.39-1.23) in men and 1.77 (95% CI 1.12-2.81) in women. The slopes of eGFR-MDRD did not significantly differ between 5L-5L and other genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The association between CNDP1 and cardiovascular mortality was sex-specific, with a higher risk in women with 5L-5L genotype. CNDP1 was not associated with all-cause mortality or change in eGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alkhalaf
- Diabetes Centre, Isala Clinics, Dr. Spanjaardweg 11, P.O. Box 10400, 8000 GK, Zwolle, The Netherlands
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Qundos U, Johannesson H, Fredolini C, O’Hurley G, Branca R, Uhlén M, Wiklund F, Bjartell A, Nilsson P, Schwenk JM. Analysis of plasma from prostate cancer patients links decreased carnosine dipeptidase 1 levels to lymph node metastasis. TRANSLATIONAL PROTEOMICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trprot.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Bellia F, Vecchio G, Rizzarelli E. Carnosinases, their substrates and diseases. Molecules 2014; 19:2299-329. [PMID: 24566305 PMCID: PMC6271292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19022299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosinases are Xaa-His dipeptidases that play diverse functions throughout all kingdoms of life. Human isoforms of carnosinase (CN1 and CN2) under appropriate conditions catalyze the hydrolysis of the dipeptides carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) and homocarnosine (γ-aminobutyryl-l-histidine). Alterations of serum carnosinase (CN1) activity has been associated with several pathological conditions, such as neurological disorders, chronic diseases and cancer. For this reason the use of carnosinase levels as a biomarker in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been questioned. The hydrolysis of imidazole-related dipeptides in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is also catalyzed by aminoacyl-histidine dipeptidases like PepD (EC 3.4.13.3), PepV (EC 3.4.13.19) and anserinase (EC 3.4.13.5). The review deals with the structure and function of this class of enzymes in physiological and pathological conditions. The main substrates of these enzymes, i.e., carnosine, homocarnosine and anserine (β-alanyl-3-methyl-l-histidine) will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellia
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Graziella Vecchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) was discovered in 1900 as an abundant non-protein nitrogen-containing compound of meat. The dipeptide is not only found in skeletal muscle, but also in other excitable tissues. Most animals, except humans, also possess a methylated variant of carnosine, either anserine or ophidine/balenine, collectively called the histidine-containing dipeptides. This review aims to decipher the physiological roles of carnosine, based on its biochemical properties. The latter include pH-buffering, metal-ion chelation, and antioxidant capacity as well as the capacity to protect against formation of advanced glycation and lipoxidation end-products. For these reasons, the therapeutic potential of carnosine supplementation has been tested in numerous diseases in which ischemic or oxidative stress are involved. For several pathologies, such as diabetes and its complications, ocular disease, aging, and neurological disorders, promising preclinical and clinical results have been obtained. Also the pathophysiological relevance of serum carnosinase, the enzyme actively degrading carnosine into l-histidine and β-alanine, is discussed. The carnosine system has evolved as a pluripotent solution to a number of homeostatic challenges. l-Histidine, and more specifically its imidazole moiety, appears to be the prime bioactive component, whereas β-alanine is mainly regulating the synthesis of the dipeptide. This paper summarizes a century of scientific exploration on the (patho)physiological role of carnosine and related compounds. However, far more experiments in the fields of physiology and related disciplines (biology, pharmacology, genetics, molecular biology, etc.) are required to gain a full understanding of the function and applications of this intriguing molecule.
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