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Zhang X, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Zhang G, Yang L, Gan J, Jiang X. Calpain: The regulatory point of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117272. [PMID: 39153432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Calpain, a key member of the Calpain cysteine protease superfamily, performs limited protein hydrolysis in a calcium-dependent manner. Its activity is tightly regulated due to the potential for non-specific cleavage of various intracellular proteins upon aberrant activation. A thorough review of the literature from 2010 to 2023 reveals 121 references discussing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Dysregulation of the Calpain system is associated with various pathological phenomena, including lipid metabolism disorders, inflammation, apoptosis, and excitotoxicity. Although recent studies have revealed the significant role of Calpain in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Exploring the potential of Calpain inhibition as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases may emerge as a compelling area of interest for future calpain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Jiali Gan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, PR China.
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Lin X, Huang S, Gao S, Liu J, Tang J, Yu M. Integrin β5 subunit regulates hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis through FoxO1-mediated macroautophagy. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024; 137:565-576. [PMID: 37500497 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia frequently induces apoptosis in endothelial cells and ultimately contributes to microvascular dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Previous research reported that the expression of integrins as well as their ligands was elevated in the diseased vessels of DM patients. However, the association between integrins and hyperglycemia-induced cell death is still unclear. This research was designed to investigate the role played by integrin subunit β5 (ITGB5) in hyperglycemia-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. METHODS We used leptin receptor knockout (Lepr-KO) ( db / db ) mice as spontaneous diabetes animal model. Selective deletion of ITGB5 in endothelial cell was achieved by injecting vascular targeted adeno-associated virus via tail vein. Besides, we also applied small interfering RNA in vitro to study the mechanism of ITGB5 in regulating high glucose-induced cell apoptosis. RESULTS ITGB5 and its ligand, fibronectin, were both upregulated after exposure to high glucose in vivo and in vitro . ITGB5 knockdown alleviated hyperglycemia-induced vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and microvascular rarefaction in vivo.In vitro analysis revealed that knockdown of either ITGB5 or fibronectin ameliorated high glucose-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). In addition, knockdown of ITGB5 inhibited fibronectin-induced HUVEC apoptosis, which indicated that the fibronectin-ITGB5 interaction participated in high glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. By using RNA-sequencing technology and bioinformatic analysis, we identified Forkhead Box Protein O1 (FoxO1) as an important downstream target regulated by ITGB5. Moreover, we demonstrated that the excessive macroautophagy induced by high glucose can contribute to HUVEC apoptosis, which was regulated by the ITGB5-FoxO1 axis. CONCLUSION The study revealed that high glucose-induced endothelial cell apoptosis was positively regulated by ITGB5, which suggested that ITGB5 could potentially be used to predict and treat DM-related vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuze Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Sizhuang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Side Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jinxing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jiong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650000, China
| | - Mengyue Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
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Hu F, Lin C. TRPM2 knockdown attenuates myocardial apoptosis and promotes autophagy in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice via regulating the MEK/ERK and mTORC1 signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04926-0. [PMID: 38308007 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major complication of diabetes. Transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) activity increases in diabetic oxidative stress state, and it is involved in myocardial damage and repair. We explore the protective effect of TRPM2 knockdown on the progression of DCM. A type 2 diabetes animal model was established in C57BL/6N mice by long-term high-fat diet (HFD) feeding combined with a single injection of 100-mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Genetic knockdown of TRPM2 in heart was accomplished by the intravenous injection via the tail vein of adeno-associated virus type 9 carrying TRPM2 shRNA. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes was exposed to 45 mM of high-glucose (HG) stimulation for 72 h in vitro to mimic the in vivo conditions. Western blot, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry and fluorescence, electron, CCK-8, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the phenotype of cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy. Mice with HFD/STZ-induced diabetes exhibited systolic and diastolic dysfunction, as demonstrated by increased myocardial apoptosis and autophagy inhibition in the heart. Compared to control group, the protein expression of TRPM2, bax, cleaved caspase-3, and P62 was significantly elevated, and the protein expression of bcl-2 and LC3-II was significantly decreased in the myocardial tissues of the HFD/STZ-induced diabetes group. Knockdown of TRPM2 significantly reversed the HFD/STZ-induced myocardial apoptosis and autophagy inhibition. TRPM2 silencing attenuated HG-induced apoptosis and autophagy inhibition in primary cardiomyocytes via regulating the MEK/ERK mTORC1 signaling pathway. TRPM2 knockdown attenuates hyperglycemia-induced myocardial apoptosis and promotes autophagy in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic mice or HG-stimulated cardiomyocytes via regulating the MEK/ERK and mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
| | - Chaoyang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
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Miyazaki T. Calpain and Cardiometabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16782. [PMID: 38069105 PMCID: PMC10705917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpain is defined as a member of the superfamily of cysteine proteases possessing the CysPC motif within the gene. Calpain-1 and -2, which are categorized as conventional isozymes, execute limited proteolysis in a calcium-dependent fashion. Accordingly, the calpain system participates in physiological and pathological phenomena, including cell migration, apoptosis, and synaptic plasticity. Recent investigations have unveiled the contributions of both conventional and unconventional calpains to the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disorders. In the context of atherosclerosis, overactivation of conventional calpain attenuates the barrier function of vascular endothelial cells and decreases the immunosuppressive effects attributed to lymphatic endothelial cells. In addition, calpain-6 induces aberrant mRNA splicing in macrophages, conferring atheroprone properties. In terms of diabetes, polymorphisms of the calpain-10 gene can modify insulin secretion and glucose disposal. Moreover, conventional calpain reportedly participates in amino acid production from vascular endothelial cells to induce alteration of amino acid composition in the liver microenvironment, thereby facilitating steatohepatitis. Such multifaceted functionality of calpain underscores its potential as a promising candidate for pharmaceutical targets for the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases. Consequently, the present review highlights the pivotal role of calpains in the complications of cardiometabolic diseases and embarks upon a characterization of calpains as molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Miyazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
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Wang T, Wang X, Fu T, Ma Y, Wang Q, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhou H, Chang X, Tong Y. Roles of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in diabetic myocardial microvascular injury. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:675-688. [PMID: 37755621 PMCID: PMC10746668 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial microvessels are composed of a monolayer of endothelial cells, which play a crucial role in maintaining vascular barrier function, luminal latency, vascular tone, and myocardial perfusion. Endothelial dysfunction is a key factor in the development of cardiac microvascular injury and diabetic cardiomyopathy. In addition to their role in glucose oxidation and energy metabolism, mitochondria also participate in non-metabolic processes such as apoptosis, intracellular ion handling, and redox balancing. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are responsible for regulating the quality and quantity of mitochondria in response to hyperglycemia. However, these endogenous homeostatic mechanisms can both preserve and/or disrupt non-metabolic mitochondrial functions during diabetic endothelial damage and cardiac microvascular injury. This review provides an overview of the molecular features and regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. Furthermore, we summarize findings from various investigations that suggest abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and defective mitophagy contribute to the development of diabetic endothelial dysfunction and myocardial microvascular injury. Finally, we discuss different therapeutic strategies aimed at improving endothelial homeostasis and cardiac microvascular function through the enhancement of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Tong Fu
- Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Yanchun Ma
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shuxiang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Cardiovascular Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Ying Tong
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Zhao Z, Wang X, Lu M, Gao Y. Rosuvastatin Improves Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes by Normalizing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Calpain-1 Inhibition. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2579-2590. [PMID: 37881071 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128250494231016065438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosuvastatin contributes to the improvement of vascular complications in diabetes, but the protective mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of rosuvastatin on endothelial dysfunction induced by diabetes. METHODS Calpain-1 knockout (Capn1 EK684-/-) and C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with STZ to induce type 1 diabetes. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with high glucose in this study. The function of isolated vascular rings, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) indicators were measured in this experiment. RESULTS The results showed that rosuvastatin (5 mg/kg/d) and calpain-1 knockout improved impaired vasodilation in an endothelial-dependent manner, and this effect was abolished by an ERS inducer. Rosuvastatin administration inhibited calpain-1 activation and ERS induced by high glucose, as well as apoptosis and oxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, an ERS inducer (tunicamycin) offset the beneficial effect of rosuvastatin on endothelial dysfunction and ERS, which was accompanied by increased calpain-1 expression. The ERS inhibitor showed a similar improvement in endothelial dysfunction with rosuvastatin but could not increase the improvement in endothelial function of rosuvastatin. CONCLUSION These results suggested that rosuvastatin improves endothelial dysfunction by suppressing calpain- 1 and normalizing ERS, subsequently decreasing apoptosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhao
- Cardiovascular Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xinpeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Meili Lu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Drugs, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Gao
- Cardiovascular Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Its Therapeutic Implications. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3790721. [PMID: 36111168 PMCID: PMC9470324 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3790721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the precise molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear, and it is still a challenging disease to diagnose and treat. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin 3 domain (NLRP3) inflammasome is a critical part of the innate immune system in the host to defend against endogenous danger and pathogenic microbial infections. Dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation results in the overproduction of cytokines, primarily IL-1β and IL-18, and eventually, inflammatory cell death-pyroptosis. A series of studies have indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome activation participates in the development of DCM, and that corresponding interventions could mitigate disease progression. Accordingly, this narrative review is aimed at briefly summarizing the cell-specific role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in DCM and provides novel insights into developing DCM therapeutic strategies targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Tunicamycin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Damages Complex I in Cardiac Mitochondria. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081209. [PMID: 36013387 PMCID: PMC9409705 DOI: 10.3390/life12081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction of acute ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress using thapsigargin contributes to complex I damage in mouse hearts. Thapsigargin impairs complex I by increasing mitochondrial calcium through inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase in the ER. Tunicamycin (TUNI) is used to induce ER stress by inhibiting protein folding. We asked if TUNI-induced ER stress led to complex I damage. METHODS TUNI (0.4 mg/kg) was used to induce ER stress in C57BL/6 mice. Cardiac mitochondria were isolated after 24 or 72 h following TUNI treatment for mitochondrial functional analysis. RESULTS ER stress was only increased in mice following 72 h of TUNI treatment. TUNI treatment decreased oxidative phosphorylation with complex I substrates compared to vehicle with a decrease in complex I activity. The contents of complex I subunits including NBUPL and NDUFS7 were decreased in TUNI-treated mice. TUNI treatment activated both cytosolic and mitochondrial calpain 1. Our results indicate that TUNI-induced ER stress damages complex I through degradation of its subunits including NDUFS7. CONCLUSION Induction of the ER stress using TUNI contributes to complex I damage by activating calpain 1.
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Zhang M, Zhong H, Cao T, Huang Y, Ji X, Fan GC, Peng T. Gamma-Aminobutyrate Transaminase Protects against Lipid Overload-Triggered Cardiac Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042182. [PMID: 35216295 PMCID: PMC8874535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid overload contributes to cardiac complications of diabetes and obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. This study investigates the role of gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (ABAT), the key enzyme involved in the catabolism of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), in lipid overload-induced cardiac injury. Microarray revealed a down-regulation of ABAT mRNA expression in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mouse hearts, which correlated with a reduction in ABAT protein level and its GABA catabolic activity. Transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific ABAT over-expression (Tg-ABAT/tTA) were generated to determine the role of ABAT in lipid overload-induced cardiac injury. Feeding with a HFD to control mice for 4 months reduced ATP production and the mitochondrial DNA copy number, and induced myocardial oxidative stress, hypertrophy, fibrosis and dysfunction. Such pathological effects of HFD were mitigated by ABAT over-expression in Tg-ABAT/tTA mice. In cultured cardiomyocytes, palmitate increased mitochondrial ROS production, depleted ATP production and promoted apoptosis, all of which were attenuated by ABAT over-expression. With the inhibition of ABAT’s GABA catabolic activity, the protective effects of ABAT remained unchanged in palmitate-induced cardiomyocytes. Thus, ABAT protects the mitochondrial function in defending the heart against lipid overload-induced injury through mechanisms independent of its GABA catabolic activity, and may represent a new therapeutic target for lipid overload-induced cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (H.Z.); (T.C.); (Y.H.)
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Huiting Zhong
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (H.Z.); (T.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ting Cao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (H.Z.); (T.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yifan Huang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (H.Z.); (T.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiaoyun Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
| | - Tianqing Peng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- VRLA6-140, 800 Commissioners Road, London, ON N6A 5W9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-519-6858500-55441
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Li L, Thompson J, Hu Y, Lesnefsky EJ, Willard B, Chen Q. Calpain-mediated protein targets in cardiac mitochondria following ischemia-reperfusion. Sci Rep 2022; 12:138. [PMID: 34997008 PMCID: PMC8741987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain 1 and 2 (CPN1/2) are calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that exist in cytosol and mitochondria. Pharmacologic inhibition of CPN1/2 decreases cardiac injury during ischemia (ISC)-reperfusion (REP) by improving mitochondrial function. However, the protein targets of CPN1/2 activation during ISC-REP are unclear. CPN1/2 include a large subunit and a small regulatory subunit 1 (CPNS1). Genetic deletion of CPNS1 eliminates the activities of both CPN1 and CPN2. Conditional cardiomyocyte specific CPNS1 deletion mice were used in the present study to clarify the role of CPN1/2 activation in mitochondrial damage during ISC-REP with an emphasis on identifying the potential protein targets of CPN1/2. Isolated hearts from wild type (WT) or CPNS1 deletion mice underwent 25 min in vitro global ISC and 30 min REP. Deletion of CPNS1 led to decreased cytosolic and mitochondrial calpain 1 activation compared to WT. Cardiac injury was decreased in CPNS1 deletion mice following ISC-REP as shown by the decreased infarct size compared to WT. Compared to WT, mitochondrial function was improved in CPNS1 deletion mice following ischemia-reperfusion as shown by the improved oxidative phosphorylation and decreased susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. H2O2 generation was also decreased in mitochondria from deletion mice following ISC-REP compared to WT. Deletion of CPNS1 also resulted in less cytochrome c and truncated apoptosis inducing factor (tAIF) release from mitochondria. Proteomic analysis of the isolated mitochondria showed that deletion of CPNS1 increased the content of proteins functioning in regulation of mitochondrial calcium homeostasis (paraplegin and sarcalumenin) and complex III activity. These results suggest that activation of CPN1 increases cardiac injury during ischemia-reperfusion by impairing mitochondrial function and triggering cytochrome c and tAIF release from mitochondria into cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Proteomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
- McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Qun Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Zhu D, Zhang X, Wang F, Ye Q, Yang C, Liu D. Irisin rescues diabetic cardiac microvascular injury via ERK1/2/Nrf2/HO-1 mediated inhibition of oxidative stress. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 183:109170. [PMID: 34863716 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac microvascular dysfunction is a common feature across cardiovascular complications in diabetes, while effective therapy remains elusive. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of irisin on cardiac microvascular injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS T2DM was induced in C57BL/6J mice. A cohort diabetic mice received a 12-week treatment of irisin. Cardiac function and microvessel density were evaluated. Whether irisin directly regulates cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) function was determined in vitro. Discovery-drive approaches followed by cause-effect analysis were used to uncover the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Irisin improved cardiac function in diabetic mice, and increased microvessel density. In vitro study revealed that irisin promoted CMECs proliferation and reduced high glucose and high lipid (HGHL)-induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, irisin increased mRNA and protein levels of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase 1 and superoxide dismutase 2, among which HO-1 ranked top. Irisin stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) 1/2 and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, while U0126 (the inhibitor of ERK1/2) inhibited irisin-induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 expression. Nrf2 siRNA inhibited irisin's antioxidative effects. CONCLUSION Irisin could rescue cardiac microvessels against oxidative stress and apoptosis in diabetes via ERK1/2/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Hospital of Troop 75600, 3002 Fuqiang Road, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Fenglin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Qiao Ye
- Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Caizhe Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Air Force Medical Center, Air Force Medical University, 30 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100142, China.
| | - Demin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang 050010, China.
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Bao T, Liu J, Leng J, Cai L. The cGAS-STING pathway: more than fighting against viruses and cancer. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:209. [PMID: 34906241 PMCID: PMC8670263 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the classic Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, downstream signals can control the production of type I interferon and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells to promote the activation of pro-inflammatory molecules, which are mainly induced during antiviral responses. However, with progress in this area of research, studies focused on autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions that may be relevant to cGAS–STING pathways have been conducted. This review mainly highlights the functions of the cGAS–STING pathway in chronic inflammatory diseases. Importantly, the cGAS–STING pathway has a major impact on lipid metabolism. Different research groups have confirmed that the cGAS–STING pathway plays an important role in the chronic inflammatory status in various organs. However, this pathway has not been studied in depth in diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Current research on the cGAS–STING pathway has shown that the targeted therapy of diseases that may be caused by inflammation via the cGAS–STING pathway has promising outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terigen Bao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiyan Leng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.,Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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13
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Hu F, Yu Y, Lu F, Cheng X. Knockdown of transient receptor potential melastatin 2 reduces renal fibrosis and inflammation by blocking transforming growth factor-β1-activated JNK1 activation in diabetic mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:24605-24620. [PMID: 34845114 PMCID: PMC8660601 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy is a major complication of diabetes. We explore the protective effect of TRPM2 knockdown on the progression of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS A type 2 diabetes animal model was established in C57BL/6N mice by long-term high-fat diet (HFD) feeding combined with a single injection of 100 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). Genetic knockdown of TRPM2 in mouse kidneys was accomplished by the intravenous injection via the tail vein of adeno-associated virus type 2 carrying TRPM2 shRNA. RESULTS Mice with HFD/STZ-induced diabetes exhibited kidney dysfunction, as demonstrated by increased blood creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, accompanied by glomerulus derangement, tubule damage and extracellular matrix deposition in the interstitium. The protein expression of TRPM2, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor, α-smooth muscles actin, fibronectin, collagen I and collagen III, and the mRNA expression and contents of inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interferon-α, tumour necrosis factor -α and monocyte chemotactic protein -1, were significantly elevated in the renal tissues of the HFD/STZ-induced diabetes group compared to those of the two control groups. Furthermore, fluorescent staining of TRPM2 was markedly increased in the renal tubular epithelial cells from diabetic mice. Knockdown of TRPM2 significantly attenuated HFD/STZ-induced renal inflammatory responses and fibrosis, which was accompanied by activation of TGF-β1-activated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase-1 (JNK1) signalling. JNK1 inactivation reversed hyperglycaemia-induced fibrosis and inflammation in HK-2 cells. CONCLUSION TRPM2 silencing significantly attenuated fibrosis and inflammation in the kidneys of mice with HFD/STZ-induced diabetes, which was largely achieved via the inhibition of TGF-β1-activated JNK1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yun Yu
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Feng Lu
- The Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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14
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Si R, Cabrera JTO, Tsuji-Hosokawa A, Guo R, Watanabe M, Gao L, Lee YS, Moon JS, Scott BT, Wang J, Ashton AW, Rao JN, Wang JY, Yuan JXJ, Makino A. HuR/Cx40 downregulation causes coronary microvascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. JCI Insight 2021; 6:147982. [PMID: 34747371 PMCID: PMC8663561 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes with coronary microvascular disease (CMD) exhibit higher cardiac mortality than patients without CMD. However, the molecular mechanism by which diabetes promotes CMD is poorly understood. RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR) is a key regulator of mRNA stability and translation; therefore, we investigated the role of HuR in the development of CMD in mice with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic mice exhibited decreases in coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR; a determinant of coronary microvascular function) and capillary density in the left ventricle. HuR levels in cardiac endothelial cells (CECs) were significantly lower in diabetic mice and patients with diabetes than the controls. Endothelial-specific HuR-KO mice also displayed significant reductions in CFVR and capillary density. By examining mRNA levels of 92 genes associated with endothelial function, we found that HuR, Cx40, and Nox4 levels were decreased in CECs from diabetic and HuR-KO mice compared with control mice. Cx40 expression and HuR binding to Cx40 mRNA were downregulated in CECs from diabetic mice. Cx40-KO mice exhibited decreased CFVR and capillary density, whereas endothelium-specific Cx40 overexpression increased capillary density and improved CFVR in diabetic mice. These data suggest that decreased HuR contributes to the development of CMD in diabetes through downregulation of gap junction protein Cx40 in CECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Si
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona (UA), Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, China
| | | | | | - Rui Guo
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona (UA), Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Makiko Watanabe
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona (UA), Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jae-Su Moon
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Brian T Scott
- Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona (UA), Tucson, Arizona, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anthony W Ashton
- Division of Perinatal Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jaladanki N Rao
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Ayako Makino
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona (UA), Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
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15
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Chen J, Gong J, Chen H, Li X, Wang L, Qian X, Zhou K, Wang T, Jiang S, Li L, Li S. Ischemic stroke induces cardiac dysfunction and alters transcriptome profile in mice. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:641. [PMID: 34481466 PMCID: PMC8418010 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07938-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stroke can induce cardiac dysfunction in the absence of primary cardiac disease; however, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between the neurological deficits and the heart are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of stroke on cardiac function and to identify the transcriptome characteristics of the heart. Results Stroke significantly decreased heart weight/tibia length ratio and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional areas and increased atrogin-1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF-1, indicating myocardial atrophy in MCAO-induced mouse hearts. RNA sequencing of mRNA revealed 383 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MCAO myocardium, of which 221 were downregulated and 162 upregulated. Grouping of DEGs based on biological function and quantitative PCR validation indicated that suppressed immune response and collagen synthesis and altered activity of oxidoreductase, peptidase, and endopeptidase may be involved in MCAO-induced cardiomyopathy. The DEGs were mainly distributed in the membrane or extracellular region of cardiomyocytes and acted as potential mediators of stroke-induced cardiac dysregulation involved in cardiac atrophy. Conclusion Stroke induced a unique transcriptome response in the myocardium and resulted in immediate cardiac atrophy and dysfunction. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07938-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahong Gong
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haili Chen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuqing Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Qian
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kecheng Zhou
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songhe Jiang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.,Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengcun Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China. .,Integrative & Optimized Medicine Research center, China-USA Institute for Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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16
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Calpain-Mediated Mitochondrial Damage: An Emerging Mechanism Contributing to Cardiac Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082024. [PMID: 34440793 PMCID: PMC8392834 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpains belong to the family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases expressed ubiquitously in mammals and many other organisms. Activation of calpain is observed in diseased hearts and is implicated in cardiac cell death, hypertrophy, fibrosis, and inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Recent studies have revealed that calpains target and impair mitochondria in cardiac disease. The objective of this review is to discuss the role of calpains in mediating mitochondrial damage and the underlying mechanisms, and to evaluate whether targeted inhibition of mitochondrial calpain is a potential strategy in treating cardiac disease. We expect to describe the wealth of new evidence surrounding calpain-mediated mitochondrial damage to facilitate future mechanistic studies and therapy development for cardiac disease.
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17
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Zheng D, Cao T, Zhang LL, Fan GC, Qiu J, Peng TQ. Targeted inhibition of calpain in mitochondria alleviates oxidative stress-induced myocardial injury. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:909-920. [PMID: 32968209 PMCID: PMC8149722 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein levels and activities of calpain-1 and calpain-2 are increased in cardiac mitochondria under pathological conditions including ischemia, diabetes, and sepsis, and transgenic overexpression of mitochondrial-targeted calpain-1 induces dilated heart failure, which underscores an important role of increased calpain in mitochondria in mediating myocardial injury. However, it remains to be determined whether selective inhibition of calpain in mitochondria protects the heart under pathological conditions. In this study, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing mitochondrial-targeted calpastatin in cardiomyocytes. Their hearts were isolated and subjected to global ischemia/reperfusion. Hyperglycemia was induced in the transgenic mice by injections of STZ. We showed that transgenic calpastatin was expressed exclusively in mitochondria isolated from their hearts but not from other organs including skeletal muscle and lung tissues. Transgenic overexpression of mitochondrial-targeted calpastatin significantly attenuated mitochondrial oxidative stress and cell death induced by global ischemia/reperfusion in isolated hearts, and ameliorated mitochondrial oxidative stress, cell death, myocardial remodeling and dysfunction in STZ-treated transgenic mice. The protective effects of mitochondrial-targeted calpastatin were correlated with increased ATP5A1 protein expression and ATP synthase activity in isolated hearts subjected to global ischemia/reperfusion and hearts of STZ-treated transgenic mice. In cultured rat myoblast H9c2 cells, overexpression of mitochondrial-targeted calpastatin maintained the protein levels of ATP5A1 and ATP synthase activity, prevented mitochondrial ROS production and decreased cell death following hypoxia/reoxygenation, whereas upregulation of ATP5A1 or scavenging of mitochondrial ROS by mito-TEMPO abrogated mitochondrial ROS production and decreased cell death. These results confirm the role of calpain in myocardial injury, suggesting that selective inhibition of calpain in myocardial mitochondria by mitochondrial-targeted calpastatin is an effective strategy for alleviating myocardial injury and dysfunction in cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zheng
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lu-Lu Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Jun Qiu
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Tian-Qing Peng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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18
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Awad HH, El-Derany MO, Mantawy EM, Michel HE, El-Naa MM, Salah El-Din RA, El-Brairy AI, El-Demerdash E. Comparative study on beneficial effects of vitamins B and D in attenuating doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in rats: Emphasis on calcium homeostasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111679. [PMID: 34029952 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of doxorubicin (DOX) to treat various tumors is limited by its cardiotoxicity. This study aimed to investigate and compare the cardioprotective effects of nicotinamide (NAM) and alfacalcidol (1α(OH)D3), against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Sprague Dawley male rats received DOX (5 mg/kg, i.p.) once/week for four consecutive weeks. Treated groups received either NAM (600 mg/kg, p.o.) for 28 consecutive days or 1α(OH)D3 (0.5 ug/kg, i.p.) once/week for four consecutive weeks. DOX elicited marked cardiac tissue injury manifested by elevated serum cardiotoxicity indices, conduction and histopathological abnormalities. Both NAM and 1α(OH)D3 successfully reversed all these changes. From the mechanistic point of view, DOX provoked intense cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) overload hence switching on calpain1 (CPN1) and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic cascades as confirmed by upregulating Bax and caspase-3 while downregulating Bcl-2 expression. DOX also disrupted cardiac bioenergetics as evidenced by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion and a declined ATP/ADP ratio. Moreover, DOX upregulated the Ca2+ sensor; calmodulin kinase II gamma (CaMKII-δ) which further contributed to cardiac damage. Interestingly, co-treatment with either NAM or 1α(OH)D3 reversed all DOX associated abnormalities by preserving Ca2+ homeostasis, replenishing ATP stores and obstructing apoptotic events. Additionally, DOX prompted nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) dependent inflammatory responses and subsequently upregulated interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression. Co-treatment with NAM or 1α(OH)D3 effectively obstructed these inflammatory signals. Remarkably, NAM showed superior beneficial cardioprotective properties over 1α(OH)D3. Both NAM and 1α(OH)D3 efficiently attenuated DOX-cardiomyopathy mainly via preserving Ca2+ homeostasis and diminishing apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. NAM definitely exhibited effective cardioprotective capabilities over 1α(OH)D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba H Awad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences & Arts (MSA University), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa O El-Derany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Mantawy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haidy E Michel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M El-Naa
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | | | - Amany I El-Brairy
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences & Arts (MSA University), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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19
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Si R, Zhang Q, Tsuji-Hosokawa A, Watanabe M, Willson C, Lai N, Wang J, Dai A, Scott BT, Dillmann WH, Yuan JXJ, Makino A. Overexpression of p53 due to excess protein O-GlcNAcylation is associated with coronary microvascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1186-1198. [PMID: 31504245 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We previously reported that increased protein O-GlcNAcylation in diabetic mice led to vascular rarefaction in the heart. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether and how coronary endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis is enhanced by protein O-GlcNAcylation and thus induces coronary microvascular disease (CMD) and subsequent cardiac dysfunction in diabetes. We hypothesize that excessive protein O-GlcNAcylation increases p53 that leads to CMD and reduced cardiac contractility. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted in vivo functional experiments in control mice, TALLYHO/Jng (TH) mice, a polygenic type 2 diabetic (T2D) model, and EC-specific O-GlcNAcase (OGA, an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of O-GlcNAc from proteins)-overexpressing TH mice, as well as in vitro experiments in isolated ECs from these mice. TH mice exhibited a significant increase in coronary EC apoptosis and reduction of coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR), an assessment of coronary microvascular function, in comparison to wild-type mice. The decreased CFVR, due at least partially to EC apoptosis, was associated with decreased cardiac contractility in TH mice. Western blot experiments showed that p53 protein level was significantly higher in coronary ECs from TH mice and T2D patients than in control ECs. High glucose treatment also increased p53 protein level in control ECs. Furthermore, overexpression of OGA decreased protein O-GlcNAcylation and down-regulated p53 in coronary ECs, and conferred a protective effect on cardiac function in TH mice. Inhibition of p53 with pifithrin-α attenuated coronary EC apoptosis and restored CFVR and cardiac contractility in TH mice. CONCLUSIONS The data from this study indicate that inhibition of p53 or down-regulation of p53 by OGA overexpression attenuates coronary EC apoptosis and improves CFVR and cardiac function in diabetes. Lowering coronary endothelial p53 levels via OGA overexpression could be a potential therapeutic approach for CMD in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Si
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Rd., Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 195 W Dongfeng Rd., Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Atsumi Tsuji-Hosokawa
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Makiko Watanabe
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Conor Willson
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Ning Lai
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 195 W Dongfeng Rd., Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 195 W Dongfeng Rd., Guangzhou 510182, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave. Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Anzhi Dai
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Brian T Scott
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wolfgang H Dillmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave. Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Ayako Makino
- Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave. Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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20
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Zhang X, Tian X, Li P, Zhu H, Zhou N, Fang Z, Yang Y, Jing Y, Yuan J. Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction promotes myocardial angiogenesis and functional improvements in rat model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:21. [PMID: 33413110 PMCID: PMC7791842 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular insufficiency plays an important role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), therapeutic angiogenesis has been mainly used for the treatment of ischemic diseases. This study sought to verify the preclinical performance of SonoVue microbubbles (MB) combined ultrasound (US) treatment on myocardial angiogenesis in the rat model of DCM and investigate the optimal ultrasonic parameters. METHODS The male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were induced DCM by streptozotocin through intraperitoneal injecting and fed with high-fat diet. After the DCM model was established, the rats were divided into the normal group, DCM model group, and US + MB group, while the US + MB group was divided into four subsets according to different pulse lengths (PL) (8 cycles;18 cycle;26 cycle; 36 cycle). After all interventions, all rats underwent conventional echocardiography to examine the cardiac function. The rats were sacrificed and myocardial tissue was examined by histology and morphometry evaluations to detect the myocardial protective effect of SonoVue MBs using US techniques. RESULTS From morphologic observation and echocardiography, the DCM rats had a series of structural abnormalities of cardiac myocardium compared to the normal rats. The US-MB groups exerted cardioprotective effect in DCM rats, improved reparative neovascularization and increased cardiac perfusion, while the 26 cycle group showed significant therapeutic effects on the cardiac functions in DCM rats. CONCLUSION This strategy using SonoVue MB and US can improve the efficacy of angiogenesis, even reverse the progress of cardiac dysfunction and pathological abnormalities, especially using the 26 cycle parameters. Under further study, this combined strategy might provide a novel approach for early intervention of DCM in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, NO. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Xinqiao Tian
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, NO. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, Henan, China
| | - Haohui Zhu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, NO. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Nanqian Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, NO. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Zhixin Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, Henan, China
| | - Yuping Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, Henan, China
| | - Yun Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, Henan, China
| | - Jianjun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasonography, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, NO. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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21
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Li S, Qian X, Gong J, Chen J, Tu W, Chen X, Chu M, Yang G, Li L, Jiang S. Exercise Training Reverses Lipotoxicity-induced Cardiomyopathy by Inhibiting HMGCS2. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:47-57. [PMID: 32826638 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the effect of exercise training on preventing lipotoxic cardiomyopathy and to investigate the role of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2) and miR-344g-5p in cardiomyocytes. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 wk then began swimming exercise or remained sedentary for 8 wk. Thereafter, cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, and heart tissue and plasma were collected for further measurements. The molecular mechanism of exercise was investigated after treating Hmgcs2 siRNA in palmitate-induced neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. RESULTS HFD induced myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis and reduced coronary reserve and cardiac function. HMGCS2 levels increased, but junctophilin-2 (JPH2) levels decreased in HFD mice hearts. Such effects were attenuated by swimming exercise. Mechanistically, Hmgcs2 silencing prevented apoptosis and caspase-3 cleavage and elevated the expression of JPH2 in palmitate-stimulated cardiomyocytes. In addition, exercise promoted miR-344g-5p expression in HFD hearts. The overexpression of miR-344g-5p by chemical mimic reduced HMGCS2, apoptosis, and caspase-3 cleavage and elevated JPH2 expression in palmitate-induced cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that exercise limits lipid metabolic disorder, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis and aids in the prevention of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy. Exercise-mediated cardioprotection by upregulating miR-344g-5p, which targets Hmgcs2 mRNA, prohibits HMGCS2 upregulation and thus lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maoping Chu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, CHINA
| | | | - Lei Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, CHINA
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Liang L, Li H, Cao T, Qu L, Zhang L, Fan GC, Greer PA, Li J, Jones DL, Peng T. Calpain activation mediates microgravity-induced myocardial abnormalities in mice via p38 and ERK1/2 MAPK pathways. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16840-16851. [PMID: 32989050 PMCID: PMC7864076 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human cardiovascular system has adapted to function optimally in Earth's 1G gravity, and microgravity conditions cause myocardial abnormalities, including atrophy and dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms linking microgravity and cardiac anomalies are incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated whether and how calpain activation promotes myocardial abnormalities under simulated microgravity conditions. Simulated microgravity was induced by tail suspension in mice with cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of Capns1, which disrupts activity and stability of calpain-1 and calpain-2, and their WT littermates. Tail suspension time-dependently reduced cardiomyocyte size, heart weight, and myocardial function in WT mice, and these changes were accompanied by calpain activation, NADPH oxidase activation, and oxidative stress in heart tissues. The effects of tail suspension were attenuated by deletion of Capns1 Notably, the protective effects of Capns1 deletion were associated with the prevention of phosphorylation of Ser-345 on p47 phox and attenuation of ERK1/2 and p38 activation in hearts of tail-suspended mice. Using a rotary cell culture system, we simulated microgravity in cultured neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes and observed decreased total protein/DNA ratio and induced calpain activation, phosphorylation of Ser-345 on p47 phox , and activation of ERK1/2 and p38, all of which were prevented by calpain inhibitor-III. Furthermore, inhibition of ERK1/2 or p38 attenuated phosphorylation of Ser-345 on p47 phox in cardiomyocytes under simulated microgravity. This study demonstrates for the first time that calpain promotes NADPH oxidase activation and myocardial abnormalities under microgravity by facilitating p47 phox phosphorylation via ERK1/2 and p38 pathways. Thus, calpain inhibition may be an effective therapeutic approach to reduce microgravity-induced myocardial abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Liang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Huili Li
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lina Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter A Greer
- Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's University Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Douglas L Jones
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute of London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tianqing Peng
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute of London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Wu X, Zhang Y, Chen L, Han Y, Song Y, Cheng H. BTX-A Promotes Expression of Angiogenesis-Associated Genes in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:2154-2165. [PMID: 33181024 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is an episodic vasospasm of the peripheral arteries caused by an exaggerated reaction to cold temperature or emotional stress. Restoring the angiogenesis capability of the acral lesional skin is a critical strategy to treat RP. Local injection of botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) has also been reported for treatment of RP. However, since the exact mechanisms of BTX-A action are still unclear, its administration for treatment of RP is not widely used. In the present study, BTX-A was found to promote angiogenesis and relieve RP in the patient. To elucidate its mechanisms against angiogenesis, BTX-A was used to treat human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), one of the most popular in vitro models of angiogenesis, and RNA sequencing was used to investigate differentially expressed genes. A total of 413 genes were upregulated, and 1634 were downregulated, with fold-changes >2.0 in HUVECs treated with BTX-A. Gene ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed BTX-A affected expression of angiogenesis-associated, angiogenesis-associated signaling pathway-related, metabolic pathway, and epigenetic regulation-related genes. These results demonstrate potential biomarkers of BTX-A action, thereby providing potential therapeutic mechanism(s) by which BTX-A relieves RP symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Luxia Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Han
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Targeted inhibition of endothelial calpain delays wound healing by reducing inflammation and angiogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:533. [PMID: 32665543 PMCID: PMC7360547 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a multistep phenomenon that relies on complex interactions between various cell types. Calpains are a well-known family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that regulate several processes, including cellular adhesion, proliferation, and migration, as well as inflammation and angiogenesis. CAPNS1, the common regulatory subunit of Calpain-1 and 2, is indispensable for catalytic subunit stabilization and activity. Calpain inhibition has been shown to reduce organ damage in various disease models. Here, we report that endothelial calpain-1/2 is crucially involved in skin wound healing. Using a mouse genetic model where Capns1 is deleted only in endothelial cells, we showed that calpain-1/2 disruption is associated with reduced injury-activated inflammation, reduced CD31+ blood vessel density, and delayed wound healing. Moreover, in cultured HUVECs, inhibition of calpain reduced TNF-α-induced proliferation, migration, and tube formation. Deletion of Capns1 was associated with elevated levels of IκB and downregulation of β-catenin expression in endothelial cells. These observations delineate a novel mechanistic role for calpain in the crosstalk between inflammation and angiogenesis during skin repair.
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25
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Johnson AA, Shokhirev MN, Wyss-Coray T, Lehallier B. Systematic review and analysis of human proteomics aging studies unveils a novel proteomic aging clock and identifies key processes that change with age. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 60:101070. [PMID: 32311500 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The development of clinical interventions that significantly improve human healthspan requires robust markers of biological age as well as thoughtful therapeutic targets. To promote these goals, we performed a systematic review and analysis of human aging and proteomics studies. The systematic review includes 36 different proteomics analyses, each of which identified proteins that significantly changed with age. We discovered 1,128 proteins that had been reported by at least two or more analyses and 32 proteins that had been reported by five or more analyses. Each of these 32 proteins has known connections relevant to aging and age-related disease. GDF15, for example, extends both lifespan and healthspan when overexpressed in mice and is additionally required for the anti-diabetic drug metformin to exert beneficial effects on body weight and energy balance. Bioinformatic enrichment analyses of our 1,128 commonly identified proteins heavily implicated processes relevant to inflammation, the extracellular matrix, and gene regulation. We additionally propose a novel proteomic aging clock comprised of proteins that were reported to change with age in plasma in three or more different studies. Using a large patient cohort comprised of 3,301 subjects (aged 18-76 years), we demonstrate that this clock is able to accurately predict human age.
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Increased serum calpain activity is associated with HMGB1 levels in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:110. [PMID: 32393322 PMCID: PMC7216546 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) or scleroderma is an intractable autoimmune disorder that affects multiple organs. The objectives were to investigate clinical correlations of serum calpain activity and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) levels with immunological and clinical traits. Methods A total of 31 patients with SSc, 20 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects (HC), and 10 patients with other connective tissue diseases (CTD) were recruited in the study. We measured serum calpain activity and HMGB1 levels and analyzed the datasets (GSE40839, GSE48149, GSE76808, GSE81292, GSE33463, and GSE58095) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to explore the potential mechanism by which calpain exerts its function through bioinformatics methods. Results Serum calpain activity was significantly increased in patients with SSc compared with those in HC and in patients with CTD and was correlated with serum HMGB1 levels, modified Rodnan skin score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, mean platelet volume, and plateletcrit. Notably, serum calpain activity and HMGB1 levels in SSc patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) were significantly higher than those in SSc patients without ILD. Serum calpain activity and HMGB1 levels could be the independent risk factors for SSc-ILD and novel biomarkers in patients with SSc. Conclusion This is the first study that reports increased serum calpain activity and the correlation between calpain and HMGB1 in patients with SSc or SSc-ILD. The serum calpain activity and HMGB1 levels may serve as measures of ILD in patients with SSc. Also, calpain and HMGB1 could be potential therapeutic targets for patients with SSc or SSc-ILD in the future.
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Qi B, He L, Zhao Y, Zhang L, He Y, Li J, Li C, Zhang B, Huang Q, Xing J, Li F, Li Y, Ji L. Akap1 deficiency exacerbates diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice by NDUFS1-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1072-1087. [PMID: 32072193 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05103-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetic cardiomyopathy, characterised by increased oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction, contributes to the increased risk of heart failure in individuals with diabetes. Considering that A-kinase anchoring protein 121 (AKAP1) is localised in the mitochondrial outer membrane and plays key roles in the regulation of mitochondrial function, this study aimed to investigate the role of AKAP1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy and explore its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Loss- and gain-of-function approaches were used to investigate the role of AKAP1 in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Streptozotocin (STZ) was injected into Akap1-knockout (Akap1-KO) mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates to induce diabetes. In addition, primary neonatal cardiomyocytes treated with high glucose were used as a cell model of diabetes. Cardiac function was assessed with echocardiography. Akap1 overexpression was conducted by injecting adeno-associated virus 9 carrying Akap1 (AAV9-Akap1). LC-MS/MS analysis and functional experiments were used to explore underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS AKAP1 was downregulated in the hearts of STZ-induced diabetic mouse models. Akap1-KO significantly aggravated cardiac dysfunction in the STZ-treated diabetic mice when compared with WT diabetic littermates, as evidenced by the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; STZ-treated WT mice [WT/STZ] vs STZ-treated Akap1-KO mice [KO/STZ], 51.6% vs 41.6%). Mechanistically, Akap1 deficiency impaired mitochondrial respiratory function characterised by reduced ATP production. Additionally, Akap1 deficiency increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis via enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis indicated that AKAP1 interacted with the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit (NDUFS1). Specifically, Akap1 deficiency inhibited complex I activity by preventing translocation of NDUFS1 from the cytosol to mitochondria. Akap1 deficiency was also related to decreased ATP production and enhanced mitochondrial ROS-related apoptosis. In contrast, restoration of AKAP1 expression in the hearts of STZ-treated diabetic mice promoted translocation of NDUFS1 to mitochondria and alleviated diabetic cardiomyopathy in the LVEF (WT/STZ injected with adeno-associated virus carrying gfp [AAV9-gfp] vs WT/STZ AAV9-Akap1, 52.4% vs 59.6%; KO/STZ AAV9-gfp vs KO/STZ AAV9-Akap1, 42.2% vs 57.6%). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our study provides the first evidence that Akap1 deficiency exacerbates diabetic cardiomyopathy by impeding mitochondrial translocation of NDUFS1 to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Our findings suggest that Akap1 upregulation has therapeutic potential for myocardial injury in individuals with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingchao Qi
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Linjie He
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yuanfang He
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Congye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Lele Ji
- Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Protective role of endothelial calpain knockout in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury via attenuation of the p38-iNOS pathway and NO/ROS production. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:702-712. [PMID: 32346126 PMCID: PMC7210976 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0426-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the role of calpain and its signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), animal models of endotoxemia were established by administration of LPS to mice with endothelial-specific Capn4 knockout (TEK/Capn4−/−), mice with calpastatin (an endogenous calpain inhibitor) overexpression (Tg-CAST) and mice with myeloid-specific Capn4 knockout (LYZ/Capn4−/−). Mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) were used as a model of the microvascular endothelium and were stimulated with LPS. Renal function, renal inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) expression, cellular apoptosis, plasma and renal levels of NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family members (p38, ERK1/2, and JNK1/2) were examined. Moreover, a calpain inhibitor, calpastatin overexpression adenoviruses and MAPK inhibitors were used. Significant renal dysfunction was induced by LPS stimulation, and recovery was observed in TEK/Capn4−/− and Tg-CAST mice but not in LYZ/Capn4−/− mice. Endothelial Capn4 knockout also abrogated the LPS-induced increases in renal iNOS expression, caspase-3 activity and apoptosis and plasma and renal NO and ROS levels but did not obviously affect renal eNOS expression. Moreover, LPS increased both calpain and caspase-3 activity, and only the expression of iNOS in PMECs was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. Inhibiting calpain activity or p38 phosphorylation alleviated the increased iNOS expression, NO/ROS production, and cellular apoptosis induced by LPS. These results suggest that endothelial calpain plays a protective role in LPS-induced AKI by inhibiting p38 phosphorylation, thus attenuating iNOS expression and further decreasing NO and ROS overproduction-induced endothelial apoptosis. Therapies that inhibit the enzyme calpain could alleviate the effects of acute kidney injury according to researchers in China and Canada. Acute kidney injury is induced by endotoxemia, in which changes in the permeability of the intestine allow lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to pass from gut bacteria into the bloodstream. Calpain is known to be active during this process. Zhifeng Liu at the General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command and co-workers induced endotoxemia in various mouse models by injecting them with LPS. The LPS induced significant kidney dysfunction and cell death, but these were alleviated in mice that were genetically modified to block calpain activity in the blood vessel lining, and in mice that overexpressed calpastatin, a calpain inhibitor. Blocking calpain reduces the expression of nitric oxide synthases that damage endothelial cells.
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Calpain proteolytic systems counteract endothelial cell adaptation to inflammatory environments. Inflamm Regen 2020; 40:5. [PMID: 32266045 PMCID: PMC7114782 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-020-00114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) make up the innermost surface of arteries, veins, and capillaries, separating the remaining layers of the vessel wall from circulating blood. Under non-inflammatory conditions, ECs are quiescent and form a robust barrier structure; however, exposure to inflammatory stimuli induces changes in the expression of EC proteins that control transcellular permeability and facilitate angiogenic tube formation. Increasing evidence suggests that dysfunction in intracellular proteolytic systems disturbs EC adaptation to the inflammatory environment, leading to vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis and pathological angiogenesis. Recent work has highlighted the contribution of the calpain–calpastatin stress-responsive intracellular proteolytic system to adaptation failure in ECs. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of calpain–calpastatin-mediated physiologic and pathogenic regulation in ECs and discuss the molecular basis by which disruption of this system perturbs EC adaptation to the inflammatory environment.
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Zhou Y, Xue R, Wang J, Ren H. Puerarin inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis through miR-21-mediated PTEN/AKT signaling to suppress the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 53:e8882. [PMID: 32294699 PMCID: PMC7162583 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common primary malignant tumors of the liver worldwide. Liver resection and transplantation are currently the only effective treatments; however, recurrence and metastasis rates are still high. Previous studies have shown that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key step in HCC invasion and metastasis. Inhibition of EMT has become a new therapeutic strategy for tumors. Recently, puerarin, a well-characterized component of traditional Chinese medicine, has been isolated from Pueraria radix and exerts positive effects on many diseases, particularly cancers. In this study, CCK-8, EdU immunofluorescence, colony formation, wound healing, and migration assays were used to detect the effects of puerarin on HCC cells. We further analyzed the relationship between puerarin and miR-21/PTEN/EMT markers in HCC cell lines. Our results showed that HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, tumor formation, and metastasis were reduced by puerarin in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, puerarin inhibited the EMT process of HCC by affecting the expression of Slug and Snail. Moreover, oncogenic miR-21 was inhibited by puerarin, coupled with an increase in the tumor suppressor gene PTEN. Increasing miR-21 expression or decreasing PTEN expression reversed the inhibition effects of puerarin in HCC. These data confirmed that puerarin affects HCC through the miR-21/PTEN/EMT regulatory axis. Overall, puerarin may represent a chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic agent for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruifeng Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haozhen Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Mohsin AA, Thompson J, Hu Y, Hollander J, Lesnefsky EJ, Chen Q. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced complex I defect: Central role of calcium overload. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 683:108299. [PMID: 32061585 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress leads to decreased complex I activity in cardiac mitochondria. The aim of the current study is to explore the potential mechanisms by which ER stress leads to the complex I defect. ER stress contributes to intracellular calcium overload and oxidative stress that are two key factors to induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Since oxidative stress is often accompanied by intracellular calcium overload during ER stress in vivo, the role of oxidative stress and calcium overload in mitochondrial dysfunction was studied using in vitro models. ER stress results in intracellular calcium overload that favors activation of calcium-dependent calpains. The contribution of mitochondrial calpain activation in ER stress-mediated complex I damage was studied. METHODS Thapsigargin (THAP) was used to induce acute ER stress in H9c2 cells and C57BL/6 mice. Exogenous calcium (25 μM) and H2O2 (100 μM) were used to induce modest calcium overload and oxidative stress in isolated mitochondria. Calpain small subunit 1 (CAPNS1) is essential to maintain calpain 1 and calpain 2 (CPN1/2) activities. Deletion of CAPNS1 eliminates the activities of CPN1/2. Wild type and cardiac-specific CAPNS1 deletion mice were used to explore the role of CPN1/2 activation in calcium-induced mitochondrial damage. RESULTS In isolated mitochondria, exogenous calcium but not H2O2 treatment led to decreased oxidative phosphorylation, supporting that calcium overload contributes a key role in the mitochondrial damage. THAP treatment of H9c2 cells decreased respiration selectively with complex I substrates. THAP treatment activated cytosolic and mitochondrial CPN1/2 in C57BL/6 mice and led to degradation of complex I subunits including NDUFS7. Calcium treatment decreased NDUFS7 content in wild type but not in CAPNS1 knockout mice. CONCLUSION ER stress-mediated activation of mitochondria-localized CPN1/2 contributes to complex I damage by cleaving component subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Mohsin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Radiological Techniques Department, Health and Medical Technology College-Baghdad, Middle Technical University (MTU), Iraq
| | - Jeremy Thompson
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - John Hollander
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 25606, USA; Mitochondria, Metabolism & Bioenergetics Working Group, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 25606, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA; Medical Service, McGuire Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA
| | - Qun Chen
- Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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