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Yang Z, Wang J, Zhao T, Wang L, Liang T, Zheng Y. Mitochondrial structure and function: A new direction for the targeted treatment of chronic liver disease with Chinese herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118461. [PMID: 38908494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Excessive fat accumulation, biological clock dysregulation, viral infections, and sustained inflammatory responses can lead to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer, thus promoting the development of chronic liver disease. A comprehensive understanding of the etiological factors leading to chronic liver disease and the intrinsic mechanisms influencing its onset and progression can aid in identifying potential targets for targeted therapy. Mitochondria, as key organelles that maintain the metabolic homeostasis of the liver, provide an important foundation for exploring therapeutic targets for chronic liver disease. Recent studies have shown that active ingredients in herbal medicines and their natural products can modulate chronic liver disease by influencing the structure and function of mitochondria. Therefore, studying how Chinese herbs target mitochondrial structure and function to treat chronic liver diseases is of great significance. AIM OF THE STUDY Investigating the prospects of herbal medicine the Lens of chronic liver disease based on mitochondrial structure and function. MATERIALS AND METHODS A computerized search of PubMed was conducted using the keywords "mitochondrial structure", "mitochondrial function", "mitochondria and chronic liver disease", "botanicals, mitochondria and chronic liver disease".Data from the Web of Science and Science Direct databases were also included. The research findings regarding herbal medicines targeting mitochondrial structure and function for the treatment of chronic liver disease are summarized. RESULTS A computerized search of PubMed using the keywords "mitochondrial structure", "mitochondrial function", "mitochondria and chronic liver disease", "phytopharmaceuticals, mitochondria, and chronic liver disease", as well as the Web of Science and Science Direct databases was conducted to summarize information on studies of mitochondrial structure- and function-based Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of chronic liver disease and to suggest that the effects of herbal medicines on mitochondrial division and fusion.The study suggested that there is much room for research on the influence of Chinese herbs on mitochondrial division and fusion. CONCLUSIONS Targeting mitochondrial structure and function is crucial for herbal medicine to combat chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Yang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China
| | - Tiejian Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China
| | - Tianjian Liang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China.
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China.
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2
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Vue Z, Murphy A, Le H, Neikirk K, Garza-Lopez E, Marshall AG, Mungai M, Jenkins B, Vang L, Beasley HK, Ezedimma M, Manus S, Whiteside A, Forni MF, Harris C, Crabtree A, Albritton CF, Jamison S, Demirci M, Prasad P, Oliver A, Actkins KV, Shao J, Zaganjor E, Scudese E, Rodriguez B, Koh A, Rabago I, Moore JE, Nguyen D, Aftab M, Kirk B, Li Y, Wandira N, Ahmad T, Saleem M, Kadam A, Katti P, Koh HJ, Evans C, Koo YD, Wang E, Smith Q, Tomar D, Williams CR, Sweetwyne MT, Quintana AM, Phillips MA, Hubert D, Kirabo A, Dash C, Jadiya P, Kinder A, Ajijola OA, Miller-Fleming TW, McReynolds MR, Hinton A. MICOS Complex Loss Governs Age-Associated Murine Mitochondrial Architecture and Metabolism in the Liver, While Sam50 Dictates Diet Changes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.20.599846. [PMID: 38979162 PMCID: PMC11230271 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.599846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The liver, the largest internal organ and a metabolic hub, undergoes significant declines due to aging, affecting mitochondrial function and increasing the risk of systemic liver diseases. How the mitochondrial three-dimensional (3D) structure changes in the liver across aging, and the biological mechanisms regulating such changes confers remain unclear. In this study, we employed Serial Block Face-Scanning Electron Microscopy (SBF-SEM) to achieve high-resolution 3D reconstructions of murine liver mitochondria to observe diverse phenotypes and structural alterations that occur with age, marked by a reduction in size and complexity. We also show concomitant metabolomic and lipidomic changes in aged samples. Aged human samples reflected altered disease risk. To find potential regulators of this change, we examined the Mitochondrial Contact Site and Cristae Organizing System (MICOS) complex, which plays a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial architecture. We observe that the MICOS complex is lost during aging, but not Sam50. Sam50 is a component of the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) complex that acts in tandem with the MICOS complex to modulate cristae morphology. In murine models subjected to a high-fat diet, there is a marked depletion of the mitochondrial protein SAM50. This reduction in Sam50 expression may heighten the susceptibility to liver disease, as our human biobank studies corroborate that Sam50 plays a genetically regulated role in the predisposition to multiple liver diseases. We further show that changes in mitochondrial calcium dysregulation and oxidative stress accompany the disruption of the MICOS complex. Together, we establish that a decrease in mitochondrial complexity and dysregulated metabolism occur with murine liver aging. While these changes are partially be regulated by age-related loss of the MICOS complex, the confluence of a murine high-fat diet can also cause loss of Sam50, which contributes to liver diseases. In summary, our study reveals potential regulators that affect age-related changes in mitochondrial structure and metabolism, which can be targeted in future therapeutic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alexandria Murphy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Han Le
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Andrea G. Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Margaret Mungai
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Brenita Jenkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Heather K. Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Mariaassumpta Ezedimma
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sasha Manus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Aaron Whiteside
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Forni
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Chanel Harris
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208-3501, USA
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Claude F. Albritton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208-3501, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sydney Jamison
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mert Demirci
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Praveena Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Ashton Oliver
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ky’Era V. Actkins
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jianqiang Shao
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Elma Zaganjor
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Estevão Scudese
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Benjamin Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alice Koh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Izabella Rabago
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Johnathan E. Moore
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Desiree Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Muhammad Aftab
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Benjamin Kirk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Yahang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Nelson Wandira
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Taseer Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab,40100, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ashlesha Kadam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157 USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, AP, 517619, India
| | - Ho-Jin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Chantell Evans
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Young Do Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Iowa City, Iowa, USA1
| | - Eric Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Quinton Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Dhanendra Tomar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab,40100, Pakistan
| | - Clintoria R. Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Physiology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435 USA
| | - Mariya T. Sweetwyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Anita M. Quintana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Mark A. Phillips
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - David Hubert
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Chandravanu Dash
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Physiology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Pooja Jadiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - André Kinder
- Artur Sá Earp Neto University Center – UNIFASE-FMP, Petrópolis Medical School, Brazil
| | - Olujimi A. Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyne W. Miller-Fleming
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Melanie R. McReynolds
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Jun H, Liu S, Knights AJ, Zhu K, Ma Y, Gong J, Lenhart AE, Peng X, Huang Y, Ginder JP, Downie CH, Ramos ET, Kullander K, Kennedy RT, Xu XZS, Wu J. Signaling through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in the liver protects against the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002728. [PMID: 39028754 PMCID: PMC11290650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is the progressive form of liver steatosis, the most common liver disease, and substantially increases the mortality rate. However, limited therapies are currently available to prevent MASH development. Identifying potential pharmacological treatments for the condition has been hampered by its heterogeneous and complex nature. Here, we identified a hepatic nonneuronal cholinergic signaling pathway required for metabolic adaptation to caloric overload. We found that cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit (CHRNA2) is highly expressed in hepatocytes of mice and humans. Further, CHRNA2 is activated by a subpopulation of local acetylcholine-producing macrophages during MASH development. The activation of CHRNA2 coordinates defensive programs against a broad spectrum of MASH-related pathogenesis, including steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Hepatocyte-specific loss of CHRNA2 signaling accelerates the disease onset in different MASH mouse models. Activation of this pathway via pharmacological inhibition of acetylcholine degradation protects against MASH development. Our study uncovers a hepatic nicotinic cholinergic receptor pathway that constitutes a cell-autonomous self-defense route against prolonged metabolic stress and holds therapeutic potential for combatting human MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Jun
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alexander J. Knights
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kezhou Zhu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yingxu Ma
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianke Gong
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, and College of Life Sciences and Technology, and Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ashley E. Lenhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xiaoling Peng
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yunying Huang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jared P. Ginder
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Christopher H. Downie
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Erika Thalia Ramos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Klas Kullander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert T. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - X. Z. Shawn Xu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jun Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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4
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Zhu AQ, Luo N, Zhou XT, Yuan M, Zhang CM, Pan TL, Li KP. Transcriptomic insights into the lipotoxicity of high-fat high-fructose diet in rat and mouse. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 128:109626. [PMID: 38527560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Along with the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, the deleterious effects of high-calorie diet are gradually recognized through more and more epidemiological studies. However, the concealed and chronic causality whitewashes its unhealthy character. Given an ingenious mechanism orchestrates the metabolic adaptation to high-fat high-fructose (HFF) diet and connive its lipotoxicity, in this study, an experimental rat/mouse model of obesity was induced and a comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed to probe the mystery. Our results demonstrated that HFF diet consumption altered the transcriptomic pattern as well as different high-calorie diet fed rat/mouse manifested distinct hepatic transcriptome. Validation with RT-qPCR and Western blotting confirmed that SREBP1-FASN involved in de novo lipogenesis partly mediated metabolic self-adaption. Moreover, hepatic ACSL1-CPT1A-CPT2 pathway involved in fatty acids β-oxidation, played a key role in the metabolic adaption to HFF. Collectively, our findings enrich the knowledge of the chronic adaptation mechanisms and also shed light on future investigations. Meanwhile, our results also suggest that efforts to restore the fatty acids metabolic fate could be a promising avenue to fight against obesity and associated steatosis and insulin resistance challenged by HFF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Qi Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chu-Mei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Ling Pan
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun-Ping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.
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5
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Henschke S, Nolte H, Magoley J, Kleele T, Brandt C, Hausen AC, Wunderlich CM, Bauder CA, Aschauer P, Manley S, Langer T, Wunderlich FT, Brüning JC. Food perception promotes phosphorylation of MFFS131 and mitochondrial fragmentation in liver. Science 2024; 384:438-446. [PMID: 38662831 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Liver mitochondria play a central role in metabolic adaptations to changing nutritional states, yet their dynamic regulation upon anticipated changes in nutrient availability has remained unaddressed. Here, we found that sensory food perception rapidly induced mitochondrial fragmentation in the liver through protein kinase B/AKT (AKT)-dependent phosphorylation of serine 131 of the mitochondrial fission factor (MFFS131). This response was mediated by activation of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons. A nonphosphorylatable MFFS131G knock-in mutation abrogated AKT-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in vitro. In vivo, MFFS131G knock-in mice displayed altered liver mitochondrial dynamics and impaired insulin-stimulated suppression of hepatic glucose production. Thus, rapid activation of a hypothalamus-liver axis can adapt mitochondrial function to anticipated changes of nutritional state in control of hepatic glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinika Henschke
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Judith Magoley
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleele
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claus Brandt
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - A Christine Hausen
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claudia M Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Corinna A Bauder
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Aschauer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Suliana Manley
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Langer
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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6
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Kim GH, Jeong HJ, Lee YJ, Park HY, Koo SK, Lim JH. Vitamin D ameliorates age-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by increasing the mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) 60 level. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:142-155. [PMID: 38172593 PMCID: PMC10834941 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease. Despite intensive research, considerable information on NAFLD development remains elusive. In this study, we examined the effects of vitamin D on age-induced NAFLD, especially in connection with mitochondrial abnormalities. We observed the prevention of NAFLD in 22-month-old C57BL/6 mice fed a vitamin D3-supplemented (20,000 IU/kg) diet compared with mice fed a control (1000 IU/kg) diet. We evaluated whether vitamin D3 supplementation enhanced mitochondrial functions. We found that the level of mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) 60 (Mic60) level was reduced in aged mice, and this reduction was specifically restored by vitamin D3. In addition, depletion of Immt, the human gene encoding the Mic60 protein, induced changes in gene expression patterns that led to fat accumulation in both HepG2 and primary hepatocytes, and these alterations were effectively prevented by vitamin D3. In addition, silencing of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) decreased the Mic60 levels, which were recovered by vitamin D treatment. To assess whether VDR directly regulates Mic60 levels, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter gene analysis. We discovered that VDR directly binds to the Immt 5' promoter region spanning positions -3157 to -2323 and thereby upregulates Mic60. Our study provides the first demonstration that a reduction in Mic60 levels due to aging may be one of the mechanisms underlying the development of aging-associated NAFLD. In addition, vitamin D3 could positively regulate Mic60 expression, and this may be one of the important mechanisms by which vitamin D could ameliorate age-induced NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ju Jeong
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jeong Lee
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Young Park
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Koo
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lim
- Division of Endocrine and Kidney Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28159, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Wang D, Huang Z, Xiao X, Zheng Q, Li S, Long D, Feng L. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Metabolic Dysfunction Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17514. [PMID: 38139341 PMCID: PMC10743953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an increasingly common disease in Western countries and has become the major cause of liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in addition to viral hepatitis in recent decades. Furthermore, studies have shown that NAFLD is inextricably linked to the development of extrahepatic diseases. However, there is currently no effective treatment to cure NAFLD. In addition, in 2020, NAFLD was renamed metabolic dysfunction fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to show that its pathogenesis is closely related to metabolic disorders. Recent studies have reported that the development of MAFLD is inextricably associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Simultaneously, mitochondrial stress caused by structural and functional disorders stimulates the occurrence and accumulation of fat and lipo-toxicity in hepatocytes and HSCs. In addition, the interaction between mitochondrial dysfunction and the liver-gut axis has also become a new point during the development of MAFLD. In this review, we summarize the effects of several potential treatment strategies for MAFLD, including antioxidants, reagents, and intestinal microorganisms and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanni Zhou
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shengfu Li
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dan Long
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Feng
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Y.Z.); (Y.Z.); (D.W.); (Z.H.); (X.X.); (Q.Z.); (S.L.); (D.L.)
- Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Tu B, Song K, Zhou Y, Sun H, Liu ZY, Lin LC, Ding JF, Sha JM, Shi Y, Yang JJ, Li R, Zhang Y, Zhao JY, Tao H. METTL3 boosts mitochondrial fission and induces cardiac fibrosis by enhancing LncRNA GAS5 methylation. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106840. [PMID: 37379961 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism occurs in several pathological processes characterized by cell proliferation and migration. Nonetheless, the role of mitochondrial fission is not well appreciated in cardiac fibrosis, which is accompanied by enhanced fibroblast proliferation and migration. We investigated the causes and consequences of mitochondrial fission in cardiac fibrosis using cultured cells, animal models, and clinical samples. Increased METTL3 expression caused excessive mitochondrial fission, resulting in the proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblasts that lead to cardiac fibrosis. Knockdown of METTL3 suppressed mitochondrial fission, inhibiting fibroblast proliferation and migration for ameliorating cardiac fibrosis. Elevated METTL3 and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels were associated with low expression of long non-coding RNA GAS5. Mechanistically, METTL3-mediated m6A methylation of GAS5 induced its degradation, dependent of YTHDF2. GAS5 could interact with mitochondrial fission marker Drp1 directly; overexpression of GAS5 suppressed Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission, inhibiting cardiac fibroblast proliferation and migration. Knockdown of GAS5 produced the opposite effect. Clinically, increased METTL3 and YTHDF2 levels corresponded with decreased GAS5 expression, increased m6A mRNA content and mitochondrial fission, and increased cardiac fibrosis in human heart tissue with atrial fibrillation. We describe a novel mechanism wherein METTL3 boosts mitochondrial fission, cardiac fibroblast proliferation, and fibroblast migration: METTL3 catalyzes m6A methylation of GAS5 methylation in a YTHDF2-dependent manner. Our findings provide insight into the development of preventative measures for cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - He Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Zhi-Yan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Li-Chan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ji-Fei Ding
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ji-Ming Sha
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Jian-Yuan Zhao
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hui Tao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
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9
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Martinez-Lopez N, Mattar P, Toledo M, Bains H, Kalyani M, Aoun ML, Sharma M, McIntire LBJ, Gunther-Cummins L, Macaluso FP, Aguilan JT, Sidoli S, Bourdenx M, Singh R. mTORC2-NDRG1-CDC42 axis couples fasting to mitochondrial fission. Nat Cell Biol 2023:10.1038/s41556-023-01163-3. [PMID: 37386153 PMCID: PMC10344787 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Fasting triggers diverse physiological adaptations including increases in circulating fatty acids and mitochondrial respiration to facilitate organismal survival. The mechanisms driving mitochondrial adaptations and respiratory sufficiency during fasting remain incompletely understood. Here we show that fasting or lipid availability stimulates mTORC2 activity. Activation of mTORC2 and phosphorylation of its downstream target NDRG1 at serine 336 sustains mitochondrial fission and respiratory sufficiency. Time-lapse imaging shows that NDRG1, but not the phosphorylation-deficient NDRG1Ser336Ala mutant, engages with mitochondria to facilitate fission in control cells, as well as in those lacking DRP1. Using proteomics, a small interfering RNA screen, and epistasis experiments, we show that mTORC2-phosphorylated NDRG1 cooperates with small GTPase CDC42 and effectors and regulators of CDC42 to orchestrate fission. Accordingly, RictorKO, NDRG1Ser336Ala mutants and Cdc42-deficient cells each display mitochondrial phenotypes reminiscent of fission failure. During nutrient surplus, mTOR complexes perform anabolic functions; however, paradoxical reactivation of mTORC2 during fasting unexpectedly drives mitochondrial fission and respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Martinez-Lopez
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Liver Basic Research Center at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pamela Mattar
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Miriam Toledo
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Henrietta Bains
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Manu Kalyani
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Marie Louise Aoun
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mridul Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Leslie Gunther-Cummins
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Frank P Macaluso
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer T Aguilan
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Liver Basic Research Center at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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10
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Zou YY, Tang XB, Chen ZL, Liu B, Zheng L, Song MY, Xiao Q, Zhou ZQ, Peng XY, Tang CF. Exercise intervention improves mitochondrial quality in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1162485. [PMID: 37284220 PMCID: PMC10239848 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1162485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent reports indicate that mitochondrial quality decreases during non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression, and targeting the mitochondria may be a possible treatment for NAFLD. Exercise can effectively slow NAFLD progression or treat NAFLD. However, the effect of exercise on mitochondrial quality in NAFLD has not yet been established. Methods In the present study, we fed zebrafish a high-fat diet to model NAFLD, and subjected the zebrafish to swimming exercise. Results After 12 weeks, swimming exercise significantly reduced high-fat diet-induced liver injury, and reduced inflammation and fibrosis markers. Swimming exercise improved mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, inducing upregulation of optic atrophy 1(OPA1), dynamin related protein 1 (DRP1), and mitofusin 2 (MFN2) protein expression. Swimming exercise also activated mitochondrial biogenesis via the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ PPARgamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) pathway, and improved the mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, we find that mitophagy was suppressed in NAFLD zebrafish liver with the decreased numbers of mitophagosomes, the inhibition of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) - parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (PARKIN) pathway and upregulation of sequestosome 1 (P62) expression. Notably, swimming exercise partially recovered number of mitophagosomes, which was associated with upregulated PARKIN expression and decreased p62 expression. Discussion These results demonstrate that swimming exercise could alleviate the effects of NAFLD on the mitochondria, suggesting that exercise may be beneficial for treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zuo-Qiong Zhou
- *Correspondence: Chang-Fa Tang, ; Zuo-Qiong Zhou, ; Xi-Yang Peng,
| | - Xi-Yang Peng
- *Correspondence: Chang-Fa Tang, ; Zuo-Qiong Zhou, ; Xi-Yang Peng,
| | - Chang-Fa Tang
- *Correspondence: Chang-Fa Tang, ; Zuo-Qiong Zhou, ; Xi-Yang Peng,
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11
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Chen L, Wang Y. Interdisciplinary advances reshape the delivery tools for effective NASH treatment. Mol Metab 2023; 73:101730. [PMID: 37142161 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe systemic and inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, eventually develops into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma with few options for effective treatment. Currently potent small molecules identified in preclinical studies are confronted with adverse effects and long-term ineffectiveness in clinical trials. Nevertheless, highly specific delivery tools designed from interdisciplinary concepts may address the significant challenges by either effectively increasing the concentrations of drugs in target cell types, or selectively manipulating the gene expression in liver to resolve NASH. SCOPE OF REVIEW We focus on dissecting the detailed principles of the latest interdisciplinary advances and concepts that direct the design of future delivery tools to enhance the efficacy. Recent advances have indicated that cell and organelle-specific vehicles, non-coding RNA research (e.g. saRNA, hybrid miRNA) improve the specificity, while small extracellular vesicles and coacervates increase the cellular uptake of therapeutics. Moreover, strategies based on interdisciplinary advances drastically elevate drug loading capacity and delivery efficiency and ameliorate NASH and other liver diseases. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The latest concepts and advances in chemistry, biochemistry and machine learning technology provide the framework and strategies for the design of more effective tools to treat NASH, other pivotal liver diseases and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshan Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health.
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12
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Chiang CH, Li SJ, Lin YH, Wang PY, Hsu PS, Lin SP, Chiang TC, Chen CY. Early-onset caloric restriction alleviates ageing-associated steatohepatitis in male mice via restoring mitochondrial homeostasis. Biogerontology 2023; 24:391-401. [PMID: 36802043 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with ageing, and impaired mitochondrial homeostasis is the main cause for hepatic ageing. Caloric restriction (CR) is a promising therapeutic approach for fatty liver. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possibility of early-onset CR in decelerating the progression of ageing-related steatohepatitis. The putative mechanism associated with mitochondria was further determined. C57BL/6 male mice at 8 weeks of age were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: Young-AL (AL, ad libitum), Aged-AL, or Aged-CR (60% intake of AL). Mice were sacrificed when they were 7 months old (Young) or 20 months old (Aged). Aged-AL mice displayed the greatest body weight, liver weight, and liver relative weight among treatments. Steatosis, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and fibrosis coexisted in the aged liver. Mega mitochondria with short, randomly organized crista were noticed in the aged liver. The CR ameliorated these unfavourable outcomes. The level of hepatic ATP decreased with ageing, but this was reversed by CR. Ageing caused a decrease in mitochondrial-related protein expressions of respiratory chain complexes (NDUFB8 and SDHB) and fission (DRP1), but an increase in proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM), and fusion (MFN2). CR reversed the expression of these proteins in the aged liver. Both Aged-CR and Young-AL revealed a comparable pattern of protein expression. To summarize, this study demonstrated the potential of early-onset CR in preventing ageing-associated steatohepatitis, and maintaining mitochondrial functions may contribute to CR's protection during hepatic ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Jin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yu-Han Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pu-Sheng Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shau-Ping Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chia Chiang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei, 10672, Taiwan.
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13
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Fromenty B, Roden M. Mitochondrial alterations in fatty liver diseases. J Hepatol 2023; 78:415-429. [PMID: 36209983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver diseases can result from common metabolic diseases, as well as from xenobiotic exposure and excessive alcohol use, all of which have been shown to exert toxic effects on hepatic mitochondrial functionality and dynamics. Invasive or complex methodology limits large-scale investigations of mitochondria in human livers. Nevertheless, abnormal mitochondrial function, such as impaired fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation, drives oxidative stress and has been identified as an important feature of human steatohepatitis. On the other hand, hepatic mitochondria can be flexible and adapt to the ambient metabolic condition to prevent triglyceride and lipotoxin accumulation in obesity. Experience from studies on xenobiotics has provided important insights into the regulation of hepatic mitochondria. Increasing awareness of the joint presence of metabolic disease-related (lipotoxic) and alcohol-related liver diseases further highlights the need to better understand their mutual interaction and potentiation in disease progression. Recent clinical studies have assessed the effects of diets or bariatric surgery on hepatic mitochondria, which are also evolving as an interesting therapeutic target in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This review summarises the current knowledge on hepatic mitochondria with a focus on fatty liver diseases linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes and xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Fromenty
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRAE, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany.
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14
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Diosgenin Ameliorated Type II Diabetes-Associated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease through Inhibiting De Novo Lipogenesis and Improving Fatty Acid Oxidation and Mitochondrial Function in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14234994. [PMID: 36501024 PMCID: PMC9738614 DOI: 10.3390/nu14234994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin (DIO) is a dietary and phytochemical steroidal saponin representing multiple activities. The present study investigated the protective effect of DIO on type II diabetes-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (D-NAFLD). The rat model was established by high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection and then administered DIO for 8 weeks. The results showed that DIO reduced insulin resistance index, improved dyslipidemia, and relieved pancreatic damage. DIO decreased hepatic injury markers, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). H&E staining showed that DIO relieved hepatic lipid deposition. Mechanistically, DIO inhibited hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and increased fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) through regulation of the AMPK-ACC/SREBP1 pathway. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was inhibited by DIO through regulation of PERK and IRE1 arms, which may then inhibit DNL. DIO also decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhanced the antioxidant capacity via an increase in Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. The mitochondria are the site for FAO, and ROS can damage mitochondrial function. DIO relieved mitochondrial fission and fusion disorder by inhibiting DRP1 and increasing MFN1/MFN2 expressions. Mitochondrial apoptosis was then inhibited by DIO. In conclusion, the present study suggests that DIO protects against D-NAFLD by inhibiting DNL and improving FAO and mitochondrial function.
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15
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GRP94 Inhabits the Immortalized Porcine Hepatic Stellate Cells Apoptosis under Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress through Modulating the Expression of IGF-1 and Ubiquitin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214059. [PMID: 36430538 PMCID: PMC9694842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is closely related to the occurrence and progression of metabolic liver disease. The treatment targeting glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) for liver disease has gotten much attention, but the specific effect of GRP94 on hepatocyte apoptosis is still unclear. So far, all the studies on GRP94 have been conducted in mice or rats, and little study has been reported on pigs, which share more similarities with humans. In this study, we used low-dose (LD) and high-dose (HD) tunicamycin (TM) to establish ERS models on piglet livers and immortalized porcine hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). On the piglet ERS model we found that ERS could significantly (p < 0.01) stimulate the secretion and synthesis of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 and IGFBP-3; however, with the increase in ERS degree, the effect of promoting secretion and synthesis significantly (p < 0.01) decreased. In addition, the ubiquitin protein and ubiquitination-related gene were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the LD group compared with the vehicle group. The protein level of Active-caspase 3 was significantly increased (p < 0.01) in the HD group, however, the TUNEL staining showed there was no significant apoptosis in the piglet liver ERS model. To explore the biofunction of ER chaperone GRP94, we used shRNA to knock down the expression of GRP94 in porcine HSCs. Interestingly, on porcine HSCs, the knockdown of GRP94 significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the secretion of IGF-1, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 under ERS, but had no significant effect on these under normal condition, and knockdown GRP94 had a significant (p < 0.01) effect on the UBE2E gene and ubiquitin protein from the analysis of two-way ANOVA. On porcine HSCs apoptosis, the knockdown of GRP94 increased the cell apoptosis in TUNEL staining, and the two-way ANOVA analysis shows that knockdown GRP94 had a significant (p < 0.01) effect on the protein levels of Bcl-2 and Caspase-3. For CCK-8 assay, ERS had a significant inhibitory(p < 0.05) effect on cell proliferation when treated with ERS for 24 h, and both knockdown GRP94 and ERS had a significant inhibitory(p < 0.05) effect on cell proliferation when treated with ERS for 36 h and 48 h. We concluded that GRP94 can protect the cell from ERS-induced apoptosis by promoting the IGF-1 system and ubiquitin. These results provide valuable information on the adaptive mechanisms of the liver under ERS, and could help identify vital functional genes to be applied as possible diagnostic biomarkers and treatments for diseases induced by ERS in the future.
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16
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Mackert O, Wirth EK, Sun R, Winkler J, Liu A, Renko K, Kunz S, Spranger J, Brachs S. Impact of metabolic stress induced by diets, aging and fasting on tissue oxygen consumption. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101563. [PMID: 35944898 PMCID: PMC9418990 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alterations in mitochondrial function play an important role in the development of various diseases, such as obesity, insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis and cancer. However, accurate assessment of mitochondrial respiration ex vivo is limited and remains highly challenging. Using our novel method, we measured mitochondrial oxygen consumption (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) of metabolically relevant tissues ex vivo to investigate the impact of different metabolic stressors on mitochondrial function. METHODS Comparative analyses of OCR and ECAR were performed in tissue biopsies of young mice fed 12 weeks standard-control (STD), high-fat (HFD), high-sucrose (HSD), or western diet (WD), matured mice with HFD, and 2year-old mice aged on STD with and without fasting. RESULTS While diets had only marginal effects on mitochondrial respiration, respiratory chain complexes II and IV were reduced in adipose tissue (AT). Moreover, matured HFD-fed mice showed a decreased hepatic metabolic flexibility and prolonged aging increased OCR in brown AT. Interestingly, fasting boosted pancreatic and hepatic OCR while decreasing weight of those organs. Furthermore, ECAR measurements in AT could indicate its lipolytic capacity. CONCLUSION Using ex vivo tissue measurements, we could extensively analyze mitochondrial function of liver, AT, pancreas and heart revealing effects of metabolic stress, especially aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Mackert
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Katrin Wirth
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Rongwan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer Winkler
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Aoxue Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
| | - Kostja Renko
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Berlin, Germany
| | - Séverine Kunz
- Technology Platform for Electron Microscopy at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany
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17
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Legaki AI, Moustakas II, Sikorska M, Papadopoulos G, Velliou RI, Chatzigeorgiou A. Hepatocyte Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics in Obesity-Related Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:126-143. [PMID: 35501558 PMCID: PMC9399061 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-022-00473-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been proposed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of a considerable number of disorders, such as neurodegeneration, cancer, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders, including obesity-related insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo functional and structural adaptations to meet the metabolic requirements of the cell. Alterations in nutrient availability or cellular energy needs can modify their formation through biogenesis and the opposite processes of fission and fusion, the fragmentation, and connection of mitochondrial network areas respectively. Herein, we review and discuss the current literature on the significance of mitochondrial adaptations in obesity and metabolic dysregulation, emphasizing on the role of hepatocyte mitochondrial flexibility in obesity and NAFLD. RECENT FINDINGS Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetics dysregulations to the emergence of NAFLD and its progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Most relevant data suggests that changes in liver mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics hold a key role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. During obesity and NAFLD, oxidative stress occurs due to the excessive production of ROS, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. As a result, mitochondria become incompetent and uncoupled from respiratory chain activities, further promoting hepatic fat accumulation, while leading to liver inflammation, insulin resistance, and disease's deterioration. Elucidation of the mechanisms leading to dysfunctional mitochondrial activity of the hepatocytes during NAFLD is of predominant importance for the development of novel therapeutic approaches towards the treatment of this metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigli-Ioanna Legaki
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis I. Moustakas
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Michalina Sikorska
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Grigorios Papadopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Rallia-Iliana Velliou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Str, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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18
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Zhou Y, Long D, Zhao Y, Li S, Liang Y, Wan L, Zhang J, Xue F, Feng L. Oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial fission promotes hepatic stellate cell activation via stimulating oxidative phosphorylation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:689. [PMID: 35933403 PMCID: PMC9357036 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics in fibrotic livers and hepatocytes. Little is currently known about how mitochondrial dynamics are involved, nor is it clear how mitochondrial dynamics participate in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. In the present study, we investigated the role of mitochondrial dynamics in HSC activation and the underlying mechanisms. We verified that mitochondrial fission was enhanced in human and mouse fibrotic livers and active HSCs. Moreover, increased mitochondrial fission driven by fis1 overexpression could promote HSC activation. Inhibiting mitochondrial fission using mitochondrial fission inhibitor-1 (Mdivi-1) could inhibit activation and induce apoptosis of active HSCs, indicating that increased mitochondrial fission is essential for HSC activation. Mdivi-1 treatment also induced apoptosis in active HSCs in vivo and thus ameliorated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. We also found that oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) was increased in active HSCs, and OxPhos inhibitors inhibited activation and induced apoptosis in active HSCs. Moreover, increasing mitochondrial fission upregulated OxPhos, while inhibiting mitochondrial fission downregulated OxPhos, suggesting that mitochondrial fission stimulates OxPhos during HSC activation. Next, we found that inhibition of oxidative stress using mitoquinone mesylate (mitoQ) and Tempol inhibited mitochondrial fission and OxPhos and induced apoptosis in active HSCs, suggesting that oxidative stress contributes to excessive mitochondrial fission during HSC activation. In conclusion, our study revealed that oxidative stress contributes to enhanced mitochondrial fission, which triggers OxPhos during HSC activation. Importantly, inhibiting mitochondrial fission has huge prospects for alleviating liver fibrosis by eliminating active HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of the Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Dan Long
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of the Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Shengfu Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology of the Ministry of Health, Laboratory of Transplant Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Lin Wan
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Fulai Xue
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
| | - Li Feng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Regeneration Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041 P. R. China
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19
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Mitochondrial Calcium-Triggered Oxidative Stress and Developmental Defects in Dopaminergic Neurons Differentiated from Deciduous Teeth-Derived Dental Pulp Stem Cells with MFF Insufficiency. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071361. [PMID: 35883852 PMCID: PMC9311869 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) is an adapter that targets dynamin-related protein 1 from the cytosol to the mitochondria for fission. Loss-of-function MFF mutations cause encephalopathy due to defective mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission 2 (EMPF2). To elucidate the molecular mechanisms that were involved, we analyzed the functional effects of MFF depletion in deciduous teeth-derived dental pulp stem cells differentiating into dopaminergic neurons (DNs). When treated with MFF-targeting small interfering RNA, DNs showed impaired neurite outgrowth and reduced mitochondrial signals in neurites harboring elongated mitochondria. MFF silencing also caused mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation through accelerated Ca2+ influx from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor. Mitochondrial Ca2+ overload led DNs to produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), and downregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC-1α). MFF was co-immunoprecipitated with voltage-dependent anion channel 1, an essential component of the ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ transport system. Folic acid supplementation normalized ROS levels, PGC-1α mediated mitochondrial biogenesis, and neurite outgrowth in MFF depleted DNs, without affecting their mitochondrial morphology or Ca2+ levels. We propose that MFF negatively regulates the mitochondrial Ca2+ influx from the ER. MFF-insufficiency recapitulated the EMPF2 neuropathology with increased oxidative stress and suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis. ROS and mitochondrial biogenesis might be potential therapeutic targets for EMPF2.
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20
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Nickel S, Christ M, Schmidt S, Kosacka J, Kühne H, Roderfeld M, Longerich T, Tietze L, Bosse I, Hsu MJ, Stock P, Roeb E, Christ B. Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Resolve Lipid Load in High Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Mice by Mitochondria Donation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111829. [PMID: 35681524 PMCID: PMC9180625 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) increasingly emerge as an option to ameliorate non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a serious disease, which untreated may progress to liver cirrhosis and cancer. Before clinical translation, the mode of action of MSC needs to be established. Here, we established NASH in an immune-deficient mouse model by feeding a high fat diet. Human bone-marrow-derived MSC were delivered to the liver via intrasplenic transplantation. As verified by biochemical and image analyses, human mesenchymal stromal cells improved high-fat-diet-induced NASH in the mouse liver by decreasing hepatic lipid content and inflammation, as well as by restoring tissue homeostasis. MSC-mediated changes in gene expression indicated the switch from lipid storage to lipid utilization. It was obvious that host mouse hepatocytes harbored human mitochondria. Thus, it is feasible that resolution of NASH in mouse livers involved the donation of human mitochondria to the mouse hepatocytes. Therefore, human MSC might provide oxidative capacity for lipid breakdown followed by restoration of metabolic and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Nickel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
- Division of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Madlen Christ
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Sandra Schmidt
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Joanna Kosacka
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Hagen Kühne
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Martin Roderfeld
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Lysann Tietze
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Ina Bosse
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Mei-Ju Hsu
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Peggy Stock
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Elke Roeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.R.); (E.R.)
| | - Bruno Christ
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.N.); (M.C.); (S.S.); (J.K.); (H.K.); (L.T.); (I.B.); (M.-J.H.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)341-9713552
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21
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Differential effect of canagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, on slow and fast skeletal muscles from nondiabetic mice. Biochem J 2022; 479:425-444. [PMID: 35048967 PMCID: PMC8883489 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There has been a concern that sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors could reduce skeletal muscle mass and function. Here, we examine the effect of canagliflozin (CANA), an SGLT2 inhibitor, on slow and fast muscles from nondiabetic C57BL/6J mice. In this study, mice were fed with or without CANA under ad libitum feeding, and then evaluated for metabolic valuables as well as slow and fast muscle mass and function. We also examined the effect of CANA on gene expressions and metabolites in slow and fast muscles. During SGLT2 inhibition, fast muscle function is increased, as accompanied by increased food intake, whereas slow muscle function is unaffected, although slow and fast muscle mass is maintained. When the amount of food in CANA-treated mice is adjusted to that in vehicle-treated mice, fast muscle mass and function are reduced, but slow muscle was unaffected during SGLT2 inhibition. In metabolome analysis, glycolytic metabolites and ATP are increased in fast muscle, whereas glycolytic metabolites are reduced but ATP is maintained in slow muscle during SGLT2 inhibition. Amino acids and free fatty acids are increased in slow muscle, but unchanged in fast muscle during SGLT2 inhibition. The metabolic effects on slow and fast muscles are exaggerated when food intake is restricted. This study demonstrates the differential effects of an SGLT2 inhibitor on slow and fast muscles independent of impaired glucose metabolism, thereby providing new insights into how they should be used in patients with diabetes, who are at a high risk of sarcopenia.
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22
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Wu D, Yang Y, Hou Y, Zhao Z, Liang N, Yuan P, Yang T, Xing J, Li J. Increased mitochondrial fission drives the reprogramming of fatty acid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through suppression of Sirtuin 1. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2022; 42:37-55. [PMID: 34981667 PMCID: PMC8753313 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that constantly change their morphology through fission and fusion processes. Recently, abnormally increased mitochondrial fission has been observed in several types of cancer. However, the functional roles of increased mitochondrial fission in lipid metabolism reprogramming in cancer cells remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the role of increased mitochondrial fission in lipid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. Methods Lipid metabolism was determined by evaluating the changes in the expressions of core lipid metabolic enzymes and intracellular lipid content. The rate of fatty acid oxidation was evaluated by [3H]‐labelled oleic acid. The mitochondrial morphology in HCC cells was evaluated by fluorescent staining. The expression of protein was determined by real‐time PCR, iimmunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Activation of mitochondrial fission significantly promoted de novo fatty acid synthesis in HCC cells through upregulating the expression of lipogenic genes fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl‐CoA carboxylase1 (ACC1), and elongation of very long chain fatty acid protein 6 (ELOVL6), while suppressed fatty acid oxidation by downregulating carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) and acyl‐CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1). Consistently, suppressed mitochondrial fission exhibited the opposite effects. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that mitochondrial fission‐induced lipid metabolism reprogramming significantly promoted the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells. Mechanistically, mitochondrial fission increased the acetylation level of sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor coactivator 1 alpha (PGC‐1α) by suppressing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) signaling. The elevated SREBP1 then upregulated the expression of FASN, ACC1 and ELOVL6 in HCC cells, while PGC‐1α/PPARα suppressed the expression of CPT1A and ACOX1. Conclusions Increased mitochondrial fission plays a crucial role in the reprogramming of lipid metabolism in HCC cells, which provides strong evidence for the use of this process as a drug target in the treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yiran Hou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Zhao
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China.,Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jibin Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China.,Experimental Teaching Center of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, P. R. China
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23
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The Role and Mechanism of Oxidative Stress and Nuclear Receptors in the Development of NAFLD. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6889533. [PMID: 34745420 PMCID: PMC8566046 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6889533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequent oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of acute and chronic liver diseases. It is now acknowledged that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized as a redox-centered disease due to the role of ROS in hepatic metabolism. However, the underlying mechanisms accounting for these alternations are not completely understood. Several nuclear receptors (NRs) are dysregulated in NAFLD, and have a direct influence on the expression of a set of genes relating to the progress of hepatic lipid homeostasis and ROS generation. Meanwhile, the NRs act as redox sensors in response to metabolic stress. Therefore, targeting NRs may represent a promising strategy for improving oxidation damage and treating NAFLD. This review summarizes the link between impaired lipid metabolism and oxidative stress and highlights some NRs involved in regulating oxidant/antioxidant turnover in the context of NAFLD, shedding light on potential therapies based on NR-mediated modulation of ROS generation and lipid accumulation.
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