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Jiang S, Chen Y, Wang L. Effectiveness of Community-Based Programs on Aggressive Behavior Among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:2845-2861. [PMID: 38293961 DOI: 10.1177/15248380241227986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Adolescent aggressive behavior has increasingly become a central issue affecting the safety of both school campuses and the broader society. Despite the existence of numerous community interventions targeting this issue, there has been a paucity of efforts to consolidate the findings on the effectiveness of community-based programs in preventing aggressive behavior. This meta-analysis sought to address this gap by reviewing and assessing the impact of community-based initiatives on reducing adolescent aggression. A thorough search was carried out on 12 electronic databases: EBSCO, ERIC, PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, the China National Knowledge, Wanfang Databases, and China Science and Technology Journal Database. Sixteen studies were finalized, and meta-analyses were performed using a random effect model on RevMan v5.4 software developed by Cochrane. The analysis encompassed 16 published studies, involving a total of 2,585 participants. The key components of existing programs for aggression reduction included providing behavioral skills and training for adolescents, employing a problem-solving approach to address behavioral issues, offering psychological treatment, and emphasizing community supervision. The results indicate a significant positive effect of community-based interventions on aggression reduction (standardized mean difference = -0.26, 95% confidence intervals [-0.39, -0.13], Z = 3.84, p < .001). The subgroup analyses revealed that the intervention's effectiveness was moderated by the duration of the intervention, its theoretical foundation, and the sample size. This study furnishes empirical evidence supporting the enhancement of policies and practices to foster community engagement in mitigating aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lin Wang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Sánchez-Castro JC, Pilz González L, Arias-Murcia SE, Mahecha-Bermeo VA, Stock C, Heinrichs K. Mental health among adolescents exposed to social inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean: a scoping review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1342361. [PMID: 38660361 PMCID: PMC11041031 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1342361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Adolescents from Latin America and the Caribbean grow up in a context of social inequality, which diminishes their well-being and leads to impaired emotional-cognitive development. To understand the problem, it is important to synthesize the available research about it. This study aims to explore the knowledge about adolescents' mental health in Latin America and the Caribbean exposed to social inequality. Methods A systematic scoping review was conducted encompassing a search in five databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, and LILACS) in June 2022. Articles of various typologies were included without time limit. After two rounds of screening, relevant data were manually extracted and synthesized into self-constructed themes using thematic analysis. Results Out of 8,825 retrieved records, 42 papers were included in the final review, with a predominance of quantitative approaches. The synthesis revealed two main analytical themes: (a) defining social inequality, wherein intersecting inequalities produce discrimination and determine conditions for social vulnerability; (b) social inequality and mental health, which highlights the association between socio-structural difficulties and emotional problems, amplifying vulnerability to mental ill health and poor mental health care. Conclusion The scientific evidence reveals that social inequality is related to impaired well-being and mental ill health on the one hand and a lack of access to mental health care on the other hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Carolina Sánchez-Castro
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Pilz González
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Christiane Stock
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katherina Heinrichs
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Willmot RA, Sharp RA, Amir Kassim A, Parkinson JA. A scoping review of community-based mental health intervention for children and adolescents in South Asia. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2022; 10:e1. [PMID: 36843878 PMCID: PMC9947630 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2022.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Children and adolescents in South Asia are exposed to significant mental health risks. Yet, policy to prevent or treat youth mental health problems in this context is underdeveloped, and services are difficult to access. Community-based mental health treatment may offer a potential solution, by increasing resource capacity in deprived settings. However, little is known about the current community-based mental health provision for South Asian youth. A scoping review was conducted across six scientific databases and hand searching of reference lists to identify relevant studies. Study selection and data extraction were performed by three independent reviewers using predefined criteria, an adapted version of the template for intervention description and replication checklist and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The search identified 19 relevant studies published from January 2000 to March 2020. Studies most frequently addressed PTSD and autism, were conducted in India and Sri Lanka, used education-based intervention and were based in urban school settings. Community-based mental health provision for the South Asian youth is in its infancy, but holds promise for providing essential resources to treat or prevent mental health disorder. New insights on approaches are discussed, which are valuable for South Asian settings, primarily task-shifting and stigma reduction, with implications for policy, practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca A. Sharp
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
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Bordin IA, Handegård BH, Paula CS. Professional and informal help-seeking among low-income adolescents exposed to violence in the community and at school. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 123:105382. [PMID: 34763186 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents may seek help for many reasons beyond health needs, such as personal stress due to violence exposure. OBJECTIVE To investigate factors associated with receiving professional assistance and informal help due to violence exposure in the community and at school. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING This study was conducted in Itaboraí, a low-income medium-size city in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil, characterized by poverty, inequality and violence. It analyses data reported by 669 in-school adolescents (11-15-years, 51.7% girls). METHODS This is a cross-sectional study nested in a longitudinal study (Itaboraí Youth Study). The Itaboraí Youth Study involved a probabilistic community-based sample of 1409 6-to-15-year-olds based on a 3-stage probabilistic sampling plan that included a random selection of census units, eligible households and the target child. RESULTS Professional assistance was mainly received from psychologists (the Brazilian population has free access to health services). Family members were the main source of informal help. Correlates of professional assistance were having clinical emotional problems and not counting on an adult (if needing help) for community violence victims, and absent father for community and school violence victims. Correlates of informal help were female sex, maternal anxiety/depression and absent father for community violence victims, and younger age and higher maternal education for school violence victims. CONCLUSIONS The mental health needs of violence victims, and maternal difficulties to deal with the adolescent distress resulting from violence exposure (maternal increased burden due to father absence and/or having anxiety/depression) are important influences on the help-seeking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Bordin
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Department of Psychiatry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - B H Handegård
- University of Tromsø, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tromsø, Troms, Norway
| | - C S Paula
- Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Bordin IA, Handegård BH, Paula CS, Duarte CS, Rønning JA. Home, school, and community violence exposure and emotional and conduct problems among low-income adolescents: the moderating role of age and sex. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:95-110. [PMID: 34417860 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to assess whether violence exposure is associated with emotional/conduct problems, when adjusting for confounders/covariates and controlling for comorbidity, and to investigate interactions between violence exposure and sex and/or age. METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluated a community-based sample of 669 in-school 11-15-year-olds. A three-stage probabilistic sampling plan included a random selection of census units, eligible households, and target child. Multivariable logistic regression investigated the effect of severe physical punishment by parents, peer victimization at school, and community violence on the study outcomes (adolescent-reported emotional/conduct problems identified by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire/SDQ) when controlling for confounders (resilience, parental emotional warmth, maternal education/unemployment/anxiety/depression) and covariates (age, sex, stressful life events, parental rejection). RESULTS Considering interactions, emotional problems were associated with community violence victimization among girls, while conduct problems were associated with severe physical punishment among the younger, suffering peer aggression among the oldest, bullying victimization among girls, and witnessing community violence among boys. Desensitization (less emotional problems with greater violence exposure) was noted among the youngest exposed to severe physical punishment and the oldest who witnessed community violence. CONCLUSION Age and sex are moderators of the association between violence exposure and emotional/conduct problems. Interventions at local health units, schools, and communities could reduce the use of harsh physical punishment as a parental educational method, help adolescents deal with peer aggression at school and keep them out of the streets by increasing the usual five hours in school per day and making free sports and cultural/leisure activities available near their homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Altenfelder Bordin
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, SP, 04038-030, Brazil.
| | | | - Cristiane S Paula
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 740, São Paulo, SP, 04038-030, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Distúrbios do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Rua da Consolação 896 (Edifício 28 Consolação), São Paulo, SP, 01302-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S Duarte
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University - New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive Unit #43, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Barron I, Freitas F, Bosch CA. Pilot Randomized Control Trial: Efficacy of a Group-Based Psychosocial Program for Youth with PTSD in the Brazilian Favelas. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2021; 14:335-345. [PMID: 34471452 PMCID: PMC8357894 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-020-00328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate Teaching Recovery Techniques (TRT) delivered to Brazilian youth who experienced drug violence in one Favela. Thirty children, 8 to 14 years, were randomly assigned to TRT (n = 14) or to a treatment as usual group (n = 16) involving boxing/martial arts. Youth received five 90-min sessions over successive weeks. Standardized measures assessed Posttraumatic Stress and Depression at 2 weeks pre and post-test. An exploratory assessment of posttraumatic growth was also utilized. An interview with group leaders explored perceptions of delivering TRT within the favela. Medium effect sizes were found for PTSD and Depression, and a small effect size for posttraumatic growth. Group leaders emphasized understanding the favela context for program adaptation. In conclusion, TRT was found to be effective for children with PTSD and Depression who experienced drug violence in a Brazilian favela. TRT is recommended for future delivery. Larger scale RCTs are needed in Brazilian favelas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Barron
- Center for International Education, College of Education, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USA
| | | | - Christina Anderson Bosch
- Center for International Education, College of Education, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA USA
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Emotional/Behavioral Indicators in Children and Adolescents With and Without Vocal Problems: Self-Evaluation and Parental Evaluation. J Voice 2020; 35:664.e1-664.e9. [PMID: 31980293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To verify the relationships between voice, behavior, and social skills in children and adolescents with and without voice disorders based on their self-reports and their parents/guardians' reports. METHODS The study comprised 575 individuals, with 347 parents/guardians of children and adolescents aged 6-18 years who responded the parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and 228 children and adolescents aged 11-18 years, who responded its report version. RESULTS Children and adolescents with vocal problem scored higher on hyperactivity/inattention, emotional symptoms, peer relationship, and conduct problems domains; and in the internalization, externalization, and difficulties scales. Children with vocal problem scored lower on the skills scale in the self-report. Parents/guardians in the group with vocal problem reported peer relationship problems not perceived by their children. Parents/guardians in the group without vocal problem did not perceive the signs of hyperactivity/inattention reported in their children and adolescents' self-reports. CONCLUSIONS The presence of vocal problems in the pediatric and adolescent population may be a risk factor for mental health due to the higher scores on behavior problems scales, both in their internalization and externalization aspects.
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Harwood-Gross A, Lambez B, Feldman R, Rassovsky Y. Perception of Caregiving During Childhood is Related to Later Executive Functions and Antisocial Behavior in At-Risk Boys. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:37. [PMID: 32116852 PMCID: PMC7016333 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive functions are considered essential for effective navigation in the social world. Parental responsiveness is a critical ingredient for normative social development and, as such, may be connected with the development of executive functions. Disruption of this development may, in turn, lead to maladaptive and antisocial behaviors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nature of the connections among perceived patterns of caregiving experienced in childhood, executive functions, and antisocial behaviors in at-risk adolescents. Seventy-one adolescent boys were recruited from two high-schools for adolescents who were not deemed suitable for regular schooling due to behavioral and emotional issues. Executive functions were tested using a computer-administered neuropsychological battery (CANTAB), and maternal parenting experiences and antisocial behaviors were assessed using retrospective and current questionnaires. Structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was employed to examine whether executive functions mediated the relationship between children's perceived patterns of maternal care and subsequent development of antisocial behaviors. Although maternal care had a significant direct effect on executive function (standardized coefficient = .49, p = .03) and antisocial behavior (standardized coefficient = .53, p = .05), SEM demonstrated no mediating relationships among these variables. Instead, maternal care predicted unique variance in both executive functions (standardized coefficient = .61, p = .02) and antisocial behavior (standardized coefficient = .51, p = .05). This study suggests a link between the experience of childhood caregiving and adolescent executive functions and delinquency and highlights the importance of early parenting interventions to aid executive function development. Such early interventions could potentially enhance long-term pro-social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bar Lambez
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ruth Feldman
- Center for Developmental, Social, and Relationship Neuroscience, Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Yuri Rassovsky
- Department of Psychology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Leslie and Susan Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Medina JC, Rodrigues H. The Effects of Victimization and Fear of Crime on the Legal Socialization of Young Adolescents in São Paulo, Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2019; 63:1148-1174. [PMID: 30547705 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x18818810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is important to understand how young adolescents come to view authorities during formative years. Experiencing, witnessing, and fearing victimization have been linked to the process of legal socialization and subsequent attitudes and behavior. In addition, procedural justice may influence adolescent perceptions of fairness of the authorities. The present study tested whether procedural justice mediated and moderated the relationship between young adolescents' direct and vicarious victimization and developing a sense of legitimacy in authority and cynicism towards authority. A longitudinal sample of 800 Brazilian students, age 11 to 12, living in São Paulo was used to fit structural equation models to examine these relationships. The findings revealed a partial link between victimization and legal socialization. The overall mediating model significantly predicted the direct and indirect relationships between victimization and fear of crime and the formation of legitimacy and cynicism. The moderating effect of procedural justice on direct victimization also significantly predicted the formation of legitimacy. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
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Vázquez-Nava F, Vázquez-Rodríguez EM, Vázquez-Rodríguez CF, Castillo Ruiz O, Peinado Herreros J. Epidemiological profile of smoking and nicotine addiction among asthmatic adolescents. Public Health 2017; 149:49-56. [PMID: 28551470 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the harmful effects of cigarette smoking, this habit in asthmatic adolescents continues to be a health problem worldwide. Our objectives were to determine the epidemiological profile of smoking and the degree of nicotine dependence among asthmatic adolescents. STUDY DESIGN Through a cross-sectional investigation, 3383 adolescents (13-19 years of age) were studied. METHODS Information was collected using a previously validated questionnaire. Two study groups of adolescent smokers were formed: one composed of asthmatic adolescents and the other of healthy youths. RESULTS Asthmatic adolescents were found to be more likely to smoke (21.6% vs 11.8%) and to have some degree of nicotine dependence compared with healthy adolescents (51.6% vs 48.8%). The most important characteristic of smoking in asthmatic adolescents was found to be an onset before 11 years of age due to curiosity about cigarettes. Asthmatic youths continue smoking because this habit decreases their anxiety and stress. Adolescents know that smoking is addictive and often smoke on waking up in the morning or when they are sick. Yet, these adolescents do not consider smoking to be a problem. CONCLUSION In this study, curiosity about cigarettes was the primary reason why asthmatic adolescents smoked for the first time and developed a greater dependence to nicotine compared with healthy adolescents. Moreover, the findings show that many of the factors that favour the development of smoking are preventable, given that they are present in the family and social environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vázquez-Nava
- Department of Research, School of Medicine, Tampico, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Tampico, Mexico.
| | | | | | - O Castillo Ruiz
- Reynosa Aztlán Multidisciplinary Academic Unit, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Mexico
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Hoffmann EV, Duarte CS, Fossaluza V, Milani ACC, Maciel MR, Mello MF, Mello AF. Mental health of children who work on the streets in Brazil after enrollment in a psychosocial program. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2017; 52:55-63. [PMID: 27866219 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the mental health status of children working on the streets in Sao Paulo City, Brazil, two years after their participation in a psychosocial program, and to identify factors associated with their mental health status. METHODS From a total sample of 126 children working on the streets, 107 (85%) were re-evaluated two years after the initiation of a psychosocial program which aimed to cease their work on the streets. The focus was the presence of mental health problems, defined based on a screening instrument (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire). Logistic regression models tested factors related to the probability that a child would not present mental health problems at follow-up. RESULTS The likelihood of a child presenting mental health problems was higher at baseline compared to the two-year follow-up (67.5 and 56.1%, respectively). Absence of mental health problems two years after a psychosocial intervention was significantly correlated with the following baseline factors: lower level of caregiver's psychiatric symptoms as measured by the SRQ (Self-Report Questionnaire) (AOR = 0.84, p = 0.0065), absence of child physical neglect (AOR = 0.38, p = 0.0705) and parental Protestant religion affiliation, compared to other religions (AOR = 4.06; p = 0.0107). CONCLUSIONS Different factors are related to the absence of mental health problems of children working on the streets after enrollment in a two-year psychosocial program. Our findings suggest that interventions that aim to improve child mental health should consider the detection of psychiatric symptoms in caregivers, provide treatment when it is needed, and also assess other problems such as neglect in the family setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis Viviane Hoffmann
- Programa de Atendimento e Pesquisa em Violência (PROVE), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua: Borges Lagoa, 570-10° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Cep: 04038-000, Brazil.
| | - Cristiane S Duarte
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University-NYSPI, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor Fossaluza
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina C Milani
- Programa de Atendimento e Pesquisa em Violência (PROVE), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua: Borges Lagoa, 570-10° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Cep: 04038-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Maciel
- Programa de Atendimento e Pesquisa em Violência (PROVE), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua: Borges Lagoa, 570-10° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Cep: 04038-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Mello
- Programa de Atendimento e Pesquisa em Violência (PROVE), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua: Borges Lagoa, 570-10° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Cep: 04038-000, Brazil
| | - Andrea F Mello
- Programa de Atendimento e Pesquisa em Violência (PROVE), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua: Borges Lagoa, 570-10° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, Cep: 04038-000, Brazil
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Francisco VN, Carlos VR, Eliza VR, Octelina CR, Maria II. Tobacco and alcohol use in adolescents with unplanned pregnancies: relation with family structure, tobacco and alcohol use at home and by friends. Afr Health Sci 2016; 16:27-35. [PMID: 27358610 PMCID: PMC4915414 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v16i1.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent publications show that smoking and alcohol use among adolescents with unplanned pregnancy is increasing and the causes need to be further studied. OBJECTIVE To determine the association between living in a non-intact family household and the presence of smokers and consumers of alcoholic beverages in the adolescents' environment with smoking and consuming alcoholic beverages in adolescents with unplanned pregnancies. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out among 785 pregnant adolescents, aged 13-19 years. Data was collected by trained interviewers using a self-administered questionnaire. The association was determined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS In adolescents with unplanned pregnancies, the prevalence of active smoking was 21.2% and of alcohol consumption, 41.5%. The percentage of smoking at home was 57.4% and alcohol consumption, 77.5%. Approximately, 80.3% of adolescents with unplanned pregnancies had friends who smoked and 90.6% consumed alcoholic beverages. Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that having friends who smoke or who consume alcoholic beverages is the most important risk factor for substance use in adolescents with unplanned pregnancies. Smoking and alcohol consumption at home are not associated with smoking in adolescents with unplanned pregnancies. CONCLUSION Socializing with friends who smoke and/or consume alcoholic beverages constitutes the most important risk factor for substance use among adolescents with unplanned pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Castillo-Ruiz Octelina
- Autonomus University of Tamaulipas, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa Aztlán, Mexico
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Mello AF, Maciel MR, Fossaluza V, Paula CSD, Grassi-Oliveira R, Cavalcante-Nóbrega LP, Cividanes GC, Soussumi Y, Soussumi SP, Perissinotti DNM, Bordin IA, Mello MF, Mari JJ. Exposure to maltreatment and urban violence in children working on the streets in São Paulo, Brazil: factors associated with street work. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2014; 36:191-8. [PMID: 24770654 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantitatively study the exposure to childhood maltreatment and urban violence in children from families with at least one child working on the streets and to investigate the relationship between these factors and street work. METHODS Families who participated in a nongovernmental organization (NGO) program to eliminate child labor were included. Data concerning sociodemographic characteristics, punishment methods used in the family environment against the children, five types of abuse and neglect perpetrated by the caregivers, urban violence exposure and family functioning were collected. RESULTS The sample included 126 children who were working on the streets and 65 siblings who were not working on the streets. Caregivers reported high levels of severe physical punishment. The children reported high levels of abuse and neglect, and high levels of urban violence exposure. The families showed a predominance of dysfunctional and unsatisfactory relationships. A multiple logistic regression model showed that age older than 12 years and severe physical punishment at home were associated with street work. CONCLUSION Interventions to decrease the risk of child street work should be family-focused and should aim to reduce violence in the family environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Maciel
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Fossaluza
- Mathematics and Statistics Institute, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S de Paula
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira
- Graduate Department of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Giuliana C Cividanes
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yusaku Soussumi
- RUKHA Institute and Center for Studies and Research in Neuropsychoanalysis (CEINP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sonia P Soussumi
- RUKHA Institute and Center for Studies and Research in Neuropsychoanalysis (CEINP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dirce N M Perissinotti
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabel A Bordin
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jair J Mari
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Castellana GB, Barros DMD, Serafim ADP, Busatto Filho G. Psychopathic traits in young offenders vs. non-offenders in similar socioeconomic condition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 36:241-4. [PMID: 24676048 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2013-1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the differences in psychopathic traits between offender and non-offender youths with similar socioeconomic backgrounds. METHOD The Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) scale was used to identify whether 39 young offenders with no history of mental disorders or criteria for psychopathy exhibited differences in its total score, and specifically for factor 1 or factor 2 of this scale, when compared with 32 other young people, living in similar socioeconomic conditions, who had not committed offenses. RESULTS We observed statistically significant between-group differences (p < 0.01) in mean PCL-R scores, with a mean score of 13.4 in the offender group vs. 2.1 in the non-offender group. We also detected significant between-group differences when we analyzed mean factor 1 (p < 0.01) and factor 2 (p < 0.01) scores separately. Although the groups exhibited statistically significant difference in educational attainment, between-group comparison of mean PCL-R scores controlling for educational attainment by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that the difference in PCL-R scores remained statistically significant (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that, in this sample, the presence of both primary (interpersonal/affective characteristics) and secondary (lifestyle/antisocial behavior) psychopathic traits differed between offender and non-offender youths, even when excluding psychopathy and other mental disorders from the assessments. These results suggest a need for wide-ranging interventions, not restricted to socioeconomic aspects, for the management of juvenile delinquency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo B Castellana
- Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Geraldo Busatto Filho
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Vázquez-Nava F, Vázquez-Rodriguez CF, Saldívar-González AH, Vázquez-Rodríguez EM, Córdova-Fernández JA, Felizardo-Ávalos J, Sánchez-Márquez W. Unplanned pregnancy in adolescents: association with family structure, employed mother, and female friends with health-risk habits and behaviors. J Urban Health 2014; 91:176-85. [PMID: 23949273 PMCID: PMC3907630 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-013-9819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous publications have suggested that living in a nonintact family household and socializing with girlfriends who smoke or who consume alcoholic beverages favor the development of health-risk habits and customs in adolescents. However, their relationship with unplanned pregnancy in adolescents has not been determined. We investigated the association between family structure, employed mother, and female friends with health-risk habits and behaviors with unplanned pregnancy in adolescents (n = 3,130). After adjusting for low maternal educational level and low family income, logistic regression analyses showed that having an employed mother and socializing with girlfriends who have health-risk habits or behaviors, rather than living in a nonintact family household, appear to be the most important health-risk factors for unplanned pregnancy in adolescents. It is important for health-care programs for adolescents to be revised and for their strategies be strengthened in order to reach the objectives for which they were created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Vázquez-Nava
- Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Tamaulipas (UAT), Tampico, Mexico
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16
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Fatori D, Bordin IA, Curto BM, de Paula CS. Influence of psychosocial risk factors on the trajectory of mental health problems from childhood to adolescence: a longitudinal study. BMC Psychiatry 2013; 13:31. [PMID: 23327711 PMCID: PMC3570478 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-13-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal epidemiological studies involving child/adolescent mental health problems are scarce in developing countries, particularly in regions characterized by adverse living conditions. We examined the influence of psychosocial factors on the trajectory of child/adolescent mental health problems (CAMHP) over time. METHODS A population-based sample of 6- to 13-year-olds with CAMHP was followed-up from 2002-2003 (Time 1/T1) to 2007-2008 (Time 2/T2), with 86 out of 124 eligible children/adolescents at T1 being reassessed at T2 (sample loss: 30.6%). OUTCOME CAMHP at T2 according to the Child Behavior Checklist/CBCL's total problem scale. Psychosocial factors: T1 variables (child/adolescent's age, family socioeconomic status); trajectory of variables from T1 to T2 (child/adolescent exposure to severe physical punishment, mother exposure to severe physical marital violence, maternal anxiety/depression); and T2 variables (maternal education, child/adolescent's social support and pro-social activities). RESULTS Multivariate analysis identified two risk factors for child/adolescent MHP at T2: aggravation of child/adolescent physical punishment and aggravation of maternal anxiety/depression. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows the importance of considering child/adolescent physical punishment and maternal anxiety/depression in intervention models and mental health care policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fatori
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel A Bordin
- Social Psychiatry Division, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bartira M Curto
- Social Psychiatry Division, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane S de Paula
- Social Psychiatry Division, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Developmental Disorder Post Graduation Program, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Murray J, Anselmi L, Gallo EAG, Fleitlich-Bilyk B, Bordin IA. Epidemiology of childhood conduct problems in Brazil: systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2013; 48:1527-38. [PMID: 23644723 PMCID: PMC3782642 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-013-0695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to review evidence on the prevalence of and risk factors for conduct problems in Brazil. METHODS We searched electronic databases and contacted Brazilian researchers up to 05/2012. Studies were included in the review if they reported the prevalence of or risk factors for conduct problems, conduct disorder, or oppositional defiant disorder for 100 + Brazilian children aged ≤18 years, systematically sampled in schools or the community. Prevalence rates and sex differences were meta-analysed. Risk factor studies were reviewed one by one. RESULTS The average prevalence of conduct problems in screening questionnaires was 20.8%, and the average prevalence of conduct disorder/oppositional defiant disorder was 4.1%. There was systematic variation in the results of screening studies according to methodology: recruitment location, informants, instruments, impairment criterion for case definition, and response rates. Risk factors previously identified in high-income countries were mainly replicated in Brazil, including comorbid mental health problems, educational failure, low religiosity, harsh physical punishment and abuse, parental mental health problems, single parent family, and low socioeconomic status. However, boys did not always have higher risk for conduct problems than girls. CONCLUSIONS Studies using screening questionnaires suggest that Brazilian children have higher rates of conduct problems than children in other countries, but diagnostic studies do not show this difference. Risk factors in Brazil were similar to those in high-income countries, apart from child sex. Future research should investigate developmental patterns of antisocial behaviour, employ a variety of research designs to identify causal risk mechanisms, and examine a broader range of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Douglas House, 18b Trumpington Road, Cambridge, CB2 8AH, UK,
| | - Luciana Anselmi
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Isabel A. Bordin
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Pelotas, Brazil
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