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Shahbazian M, Zamani A, Mehdinia A, Khosravi Y, Mahdavi V. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman: baseline report on occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:1003. [PMID: 39356347 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-13099-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, 18 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) compounds were measured in marine sediments collected from 49 offshore stations in the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in 2019. After the last oceanographic cruise in 2006, no study has been performed on the offshore sediments of this region, and this is the first study on the PCBs in this area. The total amount of PCB compounds in the sediment samples ranged from 74.38 ng kg-1 (near Abu Musa Island) to 1212.98 ng kg-1 (near Siri and Kish Island). The maximum and minimum values of the individual detected PCB compounds were 175.88 ng kg-1 (PCB52) and 2.09 ng kg-1 (PCB156), respectively. The levels of total PCBs detected in sediments were lower than the Canadian interim sediment quality guideline value of 21500 ng kg-1 for marine sediments. The sedimentary mass inventories for Σ18PCBs were 0.6 and 0.2 mt for the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shahbazian
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abbasali Zamani
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Mehdinia
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Younes Khosravi
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Vahideh Mahdavi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
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Ghaemi M, Soleimani F, Gholamipour S. Heavy metal and persistent organic pollutant profile of sediments from marine protected areas: the northern Persian Gulf. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:120877-120891. [PMID: 37945966 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are one of the policy tools to support marine biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of marine resources. The distribution, sources, and ecological risk assessment of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and heavy metals (HMs) in sediments of MPAs in the northern Persian Gulf, were evaluated for the first time in this study. The Σ16PAHs ranged from 4.65 to 20.86 μg/kg dry weight (dw). The molecular ratios and ring's pattern of PAHs suggested a mixed origin with a predominance of pyrogenic sources. The TPH concentration varied from 5.21 to 17.90 μg/g dw. Ecological risk assessment suggested that sediment samples in Bushehr Province's MPAs can be categorized as medium risk. The mean concentration of ∑18PCB was 0.345-0.419 ng/g dw, and the main components correspond to PCB-77, PCB-105, PCB-81, PCB-101, and PCB-114. The mean concentration of As, Co, Cr, Ni, V, Mg, Pb, Zn, Cu, Al, and Fe varied from 4.79 to 9.69, 2-12, 39-142, 18-90, 15-58, 184-425, 7-45.9, 6-42.4, 4-20 μg/g dw, 0.75-4.12%, and 0.35-1.62%, respectively. Multivariate analysis, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), coupled with correlation coefficient analysis, was used to analyze the analytical data and to identify possible pollution sources. The results of this study provided the background information on the extent of POP contamination in the sediment and highlighted the need to further control pollution in MPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghaemi
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran, 1411813389, Iran.
| | - Farshid Soleimani
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran, 1411813389, Iran
- Tobacco and Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sara Gholamipour
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, No. 3, Etemadzadeh St., Fatemi Ave., Tehran, 1411813389, Iran
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Ghadrshenas A, Tabatabaie T, Amiri F, Pazira AR. Distribution, source finding, ecological hazard assessment, and water-sediment exchange rate of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in South Pars Industrial Zone, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:157. [PMID: 36441256 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10618-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
South Pars Industrial Zone is located near an Assaluyeh city on the coast of the Persian Gulf and is known as the energy capital of Iran. In this study, environmental and health effects due to PCB congeners had an assessment. In this study, 10 air stations, 10 seawater, and sediments stations were systematically selected and sampled in two seasons. Air, seawater, and sediment pollution made by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were evaluated. Seawater-sediment exchange conditions using the fugacity coefficient reviewed. PCB levels in marine sediments, seawater, and air based on the analysis of the obtained data were 107.33-172.92 ng/g, ND-135.68 ng/L, and ND-4.4 ng/m3, respectively. The highest concentration was observed in the vicinity of refineries, petrochemicals, and petroleum export facilities. These values had increased significantly compared to values of studies, conducted in similar areas. The sources were electrical wastes, storage sites, power generation units, and wastewater treatment. The ecological risk of seawater was assessed to be low to high, while sediment risks were reported with a low to moderate risk range. In 70% of the stations, the predominant transfer was from sediments to seawater; sediments were in fact the secondary source of seawater pollution. It is suggested for the area to be continuously monitored, while engineering and management measures should be adopted to improve the situation and also prevent the spread of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Ghadrshenas
- Department of Environment, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Tabatabaie
- Department of Environment, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Fazel Amiri
- Department of Environment, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Abdul Rahim Pazira
- Department of Environment, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
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Ravanipour M, Nabipour I, Yunesian M, Rastkari N, Mahvi AH. Exposure sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and health risk assessment: a systematic review in Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:55437-55456. [PMID: 35676570 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21274-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to identify the sources of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), portioning, and human health risk assessment in Iran. The literature was searched in the international databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the national databases of SID and MagIran up to November 14, 2020. Among all 153 articles, 21 eligible papers were identified. Among them, only one article was related to drinking water, the rest was related to food and soil, and no article was found on ambient air. The corrected portion of each exposure source was determined to be 90% for food, 9% for water, and 1% for air. The total hazard quotient (HQ) was determined to be within an unsafe range, and the total excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) was determined to be at a high risk of oral carcinogenesis. It is suggested that a comprehensive study be conducted in a specific period for all sources of exposure in all counties of Iran. Moreover, it is recommended that the policymakers set national standards for this pollutant in near future in some sources of exposure (e.g., drinking water) which have no standards in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Ravanipour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., Qods St., Enghelab St, Tehran, 141761315, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Masud Yunesian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., Qods St., Enghelab St, Tehran, 141761315, Iran
- Department of Research Methodology and Data Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Rastkari
- Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Air Pollution Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Mahvi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PourSina St., Qods St., Enghelab St, Tehran, 141761315, Iran.
- Center for Solid Waste Research (CSWR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Alidoust M, Yeo GB, Mizukawa K, Takada H. Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hopanes, and polychlorinated biphenyls in the Persian Gulf in plastic resin pellets. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112052. [PMID: 33582425 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and hopanes were analyzed in plastic resin pellets collected from 19 locations along the Persian Gulf coastline. PCBs were high at locations near industrial areas, where their concentrations (sum of 13 congeners, 54-624 ng/g-pellet) were higher than those in rural coastal towns, which were close to global background levels (<10 ng/g-pellet). PAH concentrations (sum of 27 PAH species) varied from 273 to 15,786 ng/g-pellet and were highest in industrial cities (Bushehr and Bandar Abbas), with a petrogenic signature at most locations, possibly due to the petroleum-based industries, refineries, and tankers. These levels were placed in the extremely polluted category on a global basis. The distribution of hopanes was relatively homogeneous, and their range of concentrations was 8048-59,778 ng/g-pellet. This range had a positive correlation with PAH concentrations. The PAH and hopane results emphasize the ubiquity of petroleum pollution in the Persian Gulf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alidoust
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Geok Be Yeo
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Mizukawa
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideshige Takada
- Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Mehdinia A, Bateni F, Jahedi Vaighan D, Sheijooni Fumani N. Occurrence of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in marine sediment of Makran region, Chabahr bay, Iran. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112038. [PMID: 33515820 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, selected PCB congeners (IUPAC numbers 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, and 180) were quantified in 34 stations of Chabahr bay and around it in the Makran region of Iran. The sum of total PCB concentrations varied from below the detection limit to 485 ng kg-1 dry weight of sediment. Based on the Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines, the effect of detected PCBs was negligible for aquatic organisms. According to the dominance of PCB 28 and 52 with average range of 62 to 100% of total PCBs, maritime transportation and atmospheric deposition appear to be the important source of PCBs in this region. Further, the presence of components of commercial products such as ClophenA50 appears to be one of the probable sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mehdinia
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, P.O. Box: 1411554781, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Bateni
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, P.O. Box: 1411554781, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Jahedi Vaighan
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, P.O. Box: 1411554781, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Sheijooni Fumani
- Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science, P.O. Box: 1411554781, Tehran, Iran
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Iwegbue CMA, Bebenimibo E, Tesi GO, Egobueze FE, Martincigh BS. Spatial characteristics and risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls in surficial sediments around crude oil production facilities in the Escravos River Basin, Niger Delta, Nigeria. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 159:111462. [PMID: 32777544 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the concentrations of 28 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, including 12 dioxin-like PCBs and 7 indicator PCBs, were determined in sediments around oil production facilities in the Escravos River Basin of the Niger Delta in Nigeria. The aim was to describe the spatial patterns, sources, and ecosystem risks associated with exposure to PCBs in sediments of this river basin. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the concentrations of PCBs in the sediments. The Ʃ28 PCB concentrations in sediments from the Escravos River Basin ranged between 226 and 31,900 ng g-1 with a median concentration of 2300 ng g-1. The results indicated that sediments around crude oil production facilities, such as, wellheads, flow stations, and truck lines, had significantly higher levels of Ʃ28 PCBs (p < 0.05) than those collected near residential communities within the river basin. The median concentrations of PCB homologues in sediments from this river basin followed the sequence: hexaPCBs > penta-PCBs > tetra-PCBs > hepta-PCBs > tri-PCBs > di-PCBs > deca-PCBs > octa-PCBs > nona-PCBs. The risk assessment of PCBs in sediments from this river basin suggest very high potential risks for both organisms and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernest Bebenimibo
- Department of Chemistry, Delta State University, P.M.B. 1, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Godswill O Tesi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Africa, Toru-Orua, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - Francis E Egobueze
- Environment Department, Nigerian Agip Oil Company, Rumueme, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Bice S Martincigh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Sakai N, Dayana E, Abu Bakar A, Yoneda M, Nik Sulaiman NM, Ali Mohd M. Occurrence, distribution, and dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls and health risk assessment in Selangor River basin. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:592. [PMID: 27679511 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were monitored in surface water collected in the Selangor River basin, Malaysia, to identify the occurrence, distribution, and dechlorination process as well as to assess the potential adverse effects to the Malaysian population. Ten PCB homologs (i.e., mono-CBs to deca-CBs) were quantitated by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The total concentration of PCBs in the 10 sampling sites ranged from limit of detection to 7.67 ng L-1. The higher chlorinated biphenyls (tetra-CBs to deca-CBs) were almost not detected in most of the sampling sites, whereas lower chlorinated biphenyls (mono-CBs, di-CBs, and tri-CBs) dominated more than 90 % of the 10 homologs in all the sampling sites. Therefore, the PCB load was estimated to be negligible during the sampling period because PCBs have an extremely long half-life. The PCBs, particularly higher chlorinated biphenyls, could be thoroughly dechlorinated to mono-CBs to tri-CBs by microbial decomposition in sediment or could still be accumulated in the sediment. The lower chlorinated biphenyls, however, could be resuspended or desorbed from the sediment because they have faster desorption rates and higher solubility, compared to the higher chlorinated biphenyls. The health risk for the Malaysia population by PCB intake that was estimated from the local fish consumption (7.2 ng kg-1 bw day-1) and tap water consumption (1.5 × 10-3-3.1 × 10-3 ng kg-1 bw day-1) based on the detected PCB levels in the surface water was considered to be minimal. The hazard quotient based on the tolerable daily intake (20 ng kg-1 bw day-1) was estimated at 0.36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobumitsu Sakai
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 6158540, Japan.
- Shimadzu-UMMC Centre of Xenobiotic Studies, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Emmy Dayana
- Shimadzu-UMMC Centre of Xenobiotic Studies, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizi Abu Bakar
- University of Malaya-Kyoto University Secretariat, Research Management and Innovation Complex (RMIC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Minoru Yoneda
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 6158540, Japan
| | - Nik Meriam Nik Sulaiman
- University of Malaya-Kyoto University Secretariat, Research Management and Innovation Complex (RMIC), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Ali Mohd
- Shimadzu-UMMC Centre of Xenobiotic Studies, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Preliminary Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Water and Wastewater from Asaluyeh Port (Persian Gulf). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSACTION A-SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-016-0031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ndunda EN, Madadi VO, Mizaikoff B. An alternative clean-up column for the determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in solid matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2015; 17:2101-2109. [PMID: 26560633 DOI: 10.1039/c5em00409h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The need for continuous monitoring of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) has necessitated the development of analytical techniques that are sensitive and selective with minimal reagent requirement. In light of this, we developed a column for clean-up of soil and sediment extracts, which is less demanding in terms of the amount of solvent and sorbent. The dual-layer column consists of acidified silica gel and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). MIPs were synthesized via aqueous suspension polymerization using PCB 15 as the dummy template, 4-vinylpyridine as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker and the obtained particles characterized via SEM, BET, and batch rebinding assays. Pre-concentration of the spiked real-world water sample using MISPE gave recoveries between 85.2 and 104.4% (RSD < 8.69). On the other hand, the specific dual-layer column designed for clean-up of extracts from complex matrices provided recoveries of 91.6-102.5% (RSD < 4%) for spiked soil, which was comparable to clean-up using acidified silica (70.4-90.5%; RSD < 3.72%) and sulfoxide modified silica (89.7-103.0%; RSD < 13.0%). However, the polymers were reusable maintaining recoveries of 79.8-111.8% after 30 cycles of regeneration and re-use, thereby availing a cost-effective clean-up procedure for continuous monitoring of PCBs. Method detection limits were 0.01-0.08 ng g(-1) and 0.002-0.01 ng mL(-1) for solid matrices and water, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth N Ndunda
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Vincent O Madadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nairobi, 30197, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Boris Mizaikoff
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Russo MV, Avino P, Veschetti E. Direct determination of halogenated POPs in aqueous samples by in-tube SPME, focalization and GC-ECD analysis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13436b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid analytical screening method allowing simultaneous analysis of few halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in water samples at ultra-trace levels was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. V. Russo
- Università degli Studi del Molise
- Dipartimento Agricoltura
- Ambiente e Alimenti (DiAAA)
- Campobasso 86100
- Italy
| | - P. Avino
- DIPIA-INAIL settore Ricerca
- Rome 00184
- Italy
| | - E. Veschetti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità
- Dipartimento Ambiente e connessa Prevenzione Primaria
- Rome 00161
- Italy
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Yu DN, Macawile MCA, Abella LC, Gallardo SM. Degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in aqueous solutions after UV-peroxide treatment: focus on toxicity of effluent to primary producers. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:1607-1614. [PMID: 21531462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The combination of UV irradiation and hydrogen peroxide (UV-H(2)O(2)) was shown to be effective in treating water spiked with 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobipheny (PCB 153), reducing its concentration by as much as 98%. To test the toxicity of the effluent, bioassays involving three species of primary producers were performed. Results showed the effluent exerting an adverse effect on the algae Scenedesmus bijugatus and the duckweed Lemna paucicostata. On the other hand, exposure of the mungbean Vigna radiata to the effluent revealed mostly no statistically significant adverse effect or growth stimulation. This suggested that on an exposure period of 96 h, higher forms of chlorophyll-bearing species such as plants are relatively unaffected by trace concentrations of PCBs and degradation products, while less differentiated species like algae and duckweeds are vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis N Yu
- Chemical Engineering Department, De La Salle University - Manila, 2401 Taft Avenue, Malate, Manila 1004, Philippines.
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Mohajeri L, Aziz HA, Isa MH, Zahed MA, Mohajeri S. Ex-situ bioremediation of crude oil in soil, a comparative kinetic analysis. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 85:54-58. [PMID: 20577869 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-010-0058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Weathered crude oil (WCO) removals in shoreline sediment samples were monitored for 60 days in bioremediation experimentation. Experimental modeling was carried out using statistical design of experiments. At optimum conditions maximum of 83.13, 78.06 and 69.92% WCO removals were observed for 2, 16 and 30 g/kg initial oil concentrations, respectively. Significant variations in the crude oil degradation pattern were observed with respect to oil, nutrient and microorganism contents. Crude oil bioremediation were successfully described by a first-order kinetic model. The study indicated that the rate of hydrocarbon biodegradation increased with decrease of crude oil concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mohajeri
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia
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