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Ahmad N, Singh SP, Sahu S, Bhattacharyya R, Maurya AS, Kumar N, Rout RK, Tripathy GR. Isotopic evidence of autochthonous organic matter acting as a major sink of anthropogenic heavy metals in modern lacustrine sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123964. [PMID: 38631445 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The knowledge of major sources, sinks, and the burial fate of various pollutants added to modern aquatic ecosystems under changing environmental conditions is limited but crucial for our sustainability. In this context, the spatial distributions and causative factors of organic matter (OM) and heavy metal accumulations have been explored in modern lacustrine sediments of a large urbanized and protected wetland (ULB: Upper Lake Bhopal) in Central India. For this purpose, geochemical properties, in particular, stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) were measured in the ULB surficial sediments (core depth ∼0-1 cm; n = 19), and additionally collected riverbed sediments (n = 2) and atmospheric free-fall dust samples (n = 3) from the lake periphery. The major and trace element data indicate widespread mafic sediment provenance and nearly dysoxic lacustrine conditions. The riverine supply of soil OM from cropped lands and the lake productivity (algae, largely sustained by nutrients from sewage and agricultural runoff) are the major OM sources to the western and eastern lake portions, respectively. The fractional contribution from autochthonous TOC (∼0.19-0.95, mean ∼0.62) predominates that of allochthonous TOC (∼0.05-0.81, mean ∼0.38). Whereas, atmospheric dust deposition is a primary anthropogenic source of heavy metals (Pb and Zn). The lake productivity rather than soil OM or any mineral sorbent is found responsible for the anthropogenic enrichments of Pb and Zn in the ULB surficial sediments, especially on the eastern ULB portion under high anthropogenic pressure. Therefore, the settled OM (primarily autochthonous) being oxidizable acts as a temporary but major sink of anthropogenic heavy metals in modern lacustrine sediments, which are vulnerable to heavy metal efflux to the water column by sediment diagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafees Ahmad
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal-Bypass-Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Satinder Pal Singh
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal-Bypass-Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Shivam Sahu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal-Bypass-Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rohan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal-Bypass-Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhayanand Singh Maurya
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Rout
- Department of Earth and Climate Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Gyana Ranjan Tripathy
- Department of Earth and Climate Science, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
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Minhas PS, Saha JK, Dotaniya ML, Sarkar A, Saha M. Wastewater irrigation in India: Current status, impacts and response options. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152001. [PMID: 34856275 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater generated from urban agglomerations in India is estimated to be 26.4 km3 annually and 28% of it is treated. This has a potential to irrigate about 2.1 million-ha agricultural land, contribute 4 million Mg of plant nutrients, generate 2.8 million person-days of employment and reduce green house gas (GHG) emission by 73.7 million Mg CO2-e. Farmers in peri-urban areas depend largely on raw and partially treated wastewater for livelihood via raising high value crops such as vegetable, fodders and fruits. Both controlled and uncontrolled disposal of waste waters leads to progressive and irreversible contamination of soils, surface and ground waters with pathogens, heavy metals and organic micro-contaminants and consequently their bio-transfer through the chain: sewage-soil-vegetation-animal-humans. This has led to the development of a considerable assortment of regulatory measures and guidelines aimed at reducing or eliminating wastewater related health risks. Because conventional treatment technologies are cost prohibitive, alternate methods based on biological and land treatment systems are being advocated. Since soils are the most logical sinks for wastewater, efforts are to optimise rates and methods of water application, quantify the sink capacity of soils to immobilise contaminants and protect the quality of produce. Reuse of diluted or undiluted wastewaters improves crop productivity by 10-36% though production sustainability depends on soil type, climatic conditions, crop grown, irrigation techniques and socio-political factors. Disposal of wastewater in tree plantations and constructed wetlands with consequent removal of toxic metals/compounds using hyper-accumulators/accumulators plants provide for a possible alternative. Ignoring the associated risks, using pisciculture for sewage disposal is quite popular in high rainfall areas. With growing water scarcities, it is utmost important to recognise wastewaters as a valuable resource and formulate appropriate policy initiatives considering the health and livelihood issues of the per-urban farmers and consumers of food as well as risks to environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramjit S Minhas
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India.
| | | | - M L Dotaniya
- ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed Mustard Research, Bharatpur 321303, India
| | - Abhijit Sarkar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal 462038, India
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Singh M, Garg VK. A comprehensive physico-chemical quality and heavy metal health risk assessment study for phreatic water sources in Narora Atomic Power Station region, Narora, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:69. [PMID: 34994867 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An investigation of water quality and heavy metal distribution in the groundwater samples collected from the vicinity of Narora Atomic Power Station (NAPS), Narora, India, was conducted for the metals including Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, Cd, Pb, and Fe. A total of 16 water quality parameters were measured for all the groundwater samples, and TDS, TH, Mg2+, Ca2+, F-, and turbidity were found to be on the higher side in comparison to the prescribed limits of Indian standards. Geometrical mean concentrations for these heavy metals were found to be 0.049, 0.213, 0.23, 0.135, 0.017, 0.061, and BDL for Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, and Ni, respectively. Pb and Cd were more than the permissible limits (0.01 mg/L for Pb and 0.003 for Cd) prescribed for safe drinking water while Cu and Fe were exceeding the permissible limits of 0.05 mg/L and 0.3 mg/L in 32% and 36% samples, respectively. Health risk assessment was done by calculating total hazard quotient (THQ), and the values for all the metals were below the threshold value of 1.0 beyond which they may pose a significant risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manbir Singh
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India.
- Om Sterling Global University, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India.
| | - V K Garg
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India
- Centre for Environmental Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, 151001, Punjab, India
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Cao Q, Liu W, Gu Y, Xie L, Jiang W, Gao Y, Yang L. Synergetic enhancement toxicity of copper, cadmium and microcystin-LR to the Ceratophyllum demersum L. Toxicon 2020; 186:151-159. [PMID: 32798503 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metals and microcystins commonly co-exist in water bodies with cyanobacteria, and have been shown to affect aquatic plants. However, their combined effects remain largely unknown. In this study, the toxic effects of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) on Ceratophyllum demersum L. were characterized in the presence of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). The results showed that the bioaccumulation of MC-LR and Cu/Cd in C. demersum was significantly increased by the interaction between MC-LR and Cu/Cd. The combined toxicity assessment results suggested that the toxicities of Cu or Cd to C. demersum would be largely exacerbated by MC-LR, which could be the results of increased bioaccumulation of the pollutants. Cu, Cd and MC-LR, as well as their mixture, significantly decreased plant fresh weight and total chlorophyll content of C. demersum, especially at their high concentrations. The antioxidative system was activated to cope with the adverse effects of oxidative stress. Antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly stimulated by Cu, Cd and MC-LR, as well as their mixture. However, the decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities were observed when exposed to relative high concentrations of Cu or Cd together with MC-LR of 5 μg L-1. MC-LR brought more stress to the antioxidative system, which is another possible explanation for the synergistic effect. Our findings highlight increased ecological risks of the co-contamination of heavy metals and harmful cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, 176 North Jiangdong Road, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, 176 North Jiangdong Road, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Yurong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weili Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, 176 North Jiangdong Road, Nanjing, 210036, China
| | - Yan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Everard M, Ahmed S, Gagnon AS, Kumar P, Thomas T, Sinha S, Dixon H, Sarkar S. Can nature-based solutions contribute to water security in Bhopal? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138061. [PMID: 32220737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bhojtal, a large man-made lake bordering the city of Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh state, central India), is important for the city's water supply, connoted the lifeline of the city. Despite the dry though not arid and markedly seasonal climate, soil impermeability hampers infiltration into the complex geology underlying the Bhojtal catchment. Rural communities in the catchment are nonetheless high dependent on underlying aquifers. This paper develops baseline understanding of trends in the ecology, water quality and uses of Bhojtal, discussing their implications for the long-term wellbeing of the Bhopal city region. It highlights increasing dependency on water diverted from out-of-catchment sources, and also abstraction across the Bhojtal catchment in excess of replenishment that is depressing groundwater and contributing to reported declining lake level and water quality. Despite some nature-based management initiatives, evidence suggests little progress in haltering on-going groundwater depression and declines in lake water level and quality. Significant declines in ecosystem services produced by Bhojtal are likely without intervention, a major concern given the high dependency of people in the Bhopal region on Bhojtal for their water supply and socio-economic and cultural wellbeing. Over-reliance on appropriation of water from increasingly remote sources is currently compensating for lack of attention to measures protecting or regenerating local resources that may provide greater resilience and regional self-sufficiency. Improved knowledge of catchment hydrogeology on a highly localised scale could improve the targeting and efficiency of water harvesting and other management interventions in the Bhojtal catchment, and their appropriate hybridisation with engineered solutions, protecting the catchment from unintended impacts of water extraction or increasing its carrying capacity, and also providing resilience to rising population and climate change. Ecosystem service assessment provides useful insights into the breadth of benefits of improved management of Bhojtal and its catchment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Everard
- University of the West of England (UWE), Coldharbour Lane, Frenchay Campus, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millai Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Alexandre S Gagnon
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, By-Pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, M.P., India.
| | - T Thomas
- National Institute of Hydrology, Central India Hydrology Regional Centre, Bhopal, M.P., India
| | - Sumit Sinha
- Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Harry Dixon
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Sunita Sarkar
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK.
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Mirzaei M, Hatamimanesh M, Haghshenas A, Moghaddam SM, Ozunu A, Azadi H. Spatial-seasonal variations and ecological risk of heavy metals in Persian gulf coastal region: case study of Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:91-105. [PMID: 32399223 PMCID: PMC7203289 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-019-00441-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to perform a systematic review to analyse the seasonal concentration and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals (HMs) in seawater and sediment samples collected from the coastline of Jam city in Bushehr, Iran. METHODS A total of 96 sediment and seawater samples were collected from 16 sampling stations during the spring, summer, autumn, and winter of 2017. Then, the concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Fe were determined. Finally, the pollution load index (PLI), ecological risk (Er), and environmental risk (RI) were calculated to assess the HM ecological risk. RESULTS The results showed that the mean concentrations of HMs were lower than the maximum acceptable concentration by SQG and NOAA. In addition, the PLI assessed a low pollution load level in the region. The ER and RI results also showed that the region was at low risk, and the metal risk was classified as Cd > Cu > Pb > Ni > Zn > Cr. In some samples, the mean concentrations of HM were found to be higher with a statistically significant difference (P˂0.05). The results also showed that sediments were engaging in a moderate Er by Cd. CONCLUSIONS Generally, the rapid growth of urbanization, as well as industrial and human activities, along this coastline and area has increased the pollutants dumped into the seawater and sediments. Thus, it is necessary to take regular monitoring programs and develop better management strategies to minimize the amount of HMs entering into this coastal area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mirzaei
- Grape Environmental Science Department, Research Institute for Grapes and Raisin (RIGR), Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | | | - Arash Haghshenas
- Iran Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Saghi Movahhed Moghaddam
- Department of Agroecology, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandru Ozunu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Hossein Azadi
- Department of Geography, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Group Climate Change and Security, Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Song W, Qi R, Zhao L, Xue N, Wang L, Yang Y. Bacterial community rather than metals shaping metal resistance genes in water, sediment and biofilm in lakes from arid northwestern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113041. [PMID: 31421577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lakes in arid northwestern China are valuable freshwater resources that drive socioeconomic development. Environmental pollution can significantly influence the composition of microbial communities and the distribution of functional genes in lakes. This study investigated heavy metal pollution to identify possible correlations with metal resistance genes (MRGs) and bacterial community composition in water, sediment and biofilm samples from Bosten Lake and Ebi Lake in northwestern China. High levels of zinc were detected in all samples. However, the metals detected in the sediment samples of both lakes were determined to be at low risk levels according to an ecological index. The mercury resistance gene subtype merP had the greatest average abundance (4.61 × 10-3 copies per 16S rRNA) among all the samples, followed by merA and merC. The high abundance of merA in the pelagic zone rather than in benthic sediment suggests that the pelagic microbial community was important in mercury reduction. Proteobacteria were the main phylum found in the microbial communities in all samples. However, microbial communities in most of the water, sediment and biofilm samples had different compositions, indicating that the habitat niche plays an important role in shaping the bacterial communities in lakes. The microbial community, rather than the heavy metals, was the main driver of MRG distribution. The abundances of some bacterial genera involved in the decomposition of organic matter and the terrestrial nitrogen cycle were negatively correlated with heavy metals. This result suggests that metal pollution can adversely affect the biogeochemical processes that occur in lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Desert & Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ran Qi
- Chinese People's Armed Police Golden Headquarters, Beijing, 100055, China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Desert & Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Nana Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Desert & Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert & Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuyi Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
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Meena RAA, Sathishkumar P, Ameen F, Yusoff ARM, Gu FL. Heavy metal pollution in immobile and mobile components of lentic ecosystems-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4134-4148. [PMID: 29247419 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
With growing population and urbanization, there is an increasing exploitation of natural resources, and this often results to environmental pollution. In this review, the levels of heavy metal in lentic compartments (water, sediment, fishes, and aquatic plants) over the past two decades (1997-2017) have been summarized to evaluate the current pollution status of this ecosystem. In all the compartments, the heavy metals dominated are zinc followed by iron. The major reason could be area mineralogy and lithogenic sources. Enormous quantity of metals like iron in estuarine sediment is a very natural incident due to the permanently reducing condition of organic substances. Contamination of cadmium, lead, and chromium was closely associated with anthropogenic origin. In addition, surrounding land use and atmospheric deposition could have been responsible for substantial pollution. The accumulation of heavy metals in fishes and aquatic plants is the result of time-dependent deposition in lentic ecosystems. Moreover, various potential risk assessment methods for heavy metals were discussed. This review concludes that natural phenomena dominate the accumulation of essential heavy metals in lentic ecosystems compared to anthropogenic sources. Amongst other recent reviews on heavy metals from other parts of the world, the present review is executed in such a way that it explains the presence of heavy metals not only in water environment, but also in the whole of the lentic system comprising sediment, fishes, and aquatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Anu Alias Meena
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - Palanivel Sathishkumar
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuad Ameen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff
- Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials, Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research (ISI-SIR), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Chowdhury S, Mazumder MAJ, Al-Attas O, Husain T. Heavy metals in drinking water: Occurrences, implications, and future needs in developing countries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 569-570:476-488. [PMID: 27355520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals in drinking water pose a threat to human health. Populations are exposed to heavy metals primarily through water consumption, but few heavy metals can bioaccumulate in the human body (e.g., in lipids and the gastrointestinal system) and may induce cancer and other risks. To date, few thousand publications have reported various aspects of heavy metals in drinking water, including the types and quantities of metals in drinking water, their sources, factors affecting their concentrations at exposure points, human exposure, potential risks, and their removal from drinking water. Many developing countries are faced with the challenge of reducing human exposure to heavy metals, mainly due to their limited economic capacities to use advanced technologies for heavy metal removal. This paper aims to review the state of research on heavy metals in drinking water in developing countries; understand their types and variability, sources, exposure, possible health effects, and removal; and analyze the factors contributing to heavy metals in drinking water. This study identifies the current challenges in developing countries, and future research needs to reduce the levels of heavy metals in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakhawat Chowdhury
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M A Jafar Mazumder
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Al-Attas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahir Husain
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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Ion A, Vladescu L, Badea IA, Comanescu L. Monitoring and evaluation of the water quality of Budeasa Reservoir-Arges River, Romania. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2016; 188:535. [PMID: 27566323 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to monitor and record the specific characteristics and properties of the Arges River water in the Budeasa Reservoir (the principal water resources of municipal tap water of the big Romanian city Pitesti and surrounding area) for a period of 5 years (2005-2009). The monitored physical and chemical parameters were turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, 5 days biochemical oxygen demand, free dissolved oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, chloride, total dissolved iron ions, sulfate, manganese, phosphate, total alkalinity, and total hardness. The results were discussed in correlation with the precipitation values during the study. Monthly and annual values of each parameter determined in the period January 2005-December 2009 were used as a basis for the classification of Budeasa Reservoir water, according to the European legislation, as well as for assessing its quality as a drinking water supply. Principal component analysis and Pearson correlation coefficients were used as statistical procedures in order to evaluate the data obtained during this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoanela Ion
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Blvd Regina Elisabeta, 030018, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminita Vladescu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Blvd Regina Elisabeta, 030018, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Irinel Adriana Badea
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Blvd Regina Elisabeta, 030018, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Comanescu
- Faculty of Geography, Department of Geomorphology-Pedology-Geomatics, University of Bucharest, 1st., Nicolae Balcescu Blvd, 010041, Bucharest, Romania
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Khatun A, Pal S, Mukherjee AK, Samanta P, Mondal S, Kole D, Chandra P, Ghosh AR. Evaluation of metal contamination and phytoremediation potential of aquatic macrophytes of East Kolkata Wetlands, India. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:e2016021. [PMID: 27669754 PMCID: PMC5144572 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2016021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study analyzes metal contamination in sediment of the East Kolkata Wetlands, a Ramsar site, which is receiving a huge amount of domestic and industrial wastewater from surrounding areas. The subsequent uptake and accumulation of metals in different macrophytes are also examined in regard to their phytoremediation potential. METHODS Metals like cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and lead (Pb) were estimated in sediment, water and different parts of the macrophytes Colocasia esculenta and Scirpus articulatus. RESULTS The concentration of metals in sediment were, from highest to lowest, Mn (205.0±65.5 mg/kg)>Cu (29.9±10.2 mg/kg)>Pb (22.7±10.3 mg/kg)>Cd (3.7±2.2 mg/kg). The phytoaccumulation tendency of these metals showed similar trends in both native aquatic macrophyte species. The rate of accumulation of metals in roots was higher than in shoots. There were strong positive correlations (p<0.001) between soil organic carbon (OC) percentage and Mn (r =0.771), and sediment OC percentage and Pb (r=0.832). Cation exchange capacity (CEC) also showed a positive correlation (p<0.001) with Cu (r=0.721), Mn (r=0.713), and Pb (r=0.788), while correlations between sediment OC percentage and Cu (r=0.628), sediment OC percentage and Cd (r=0.559), and CEC and Cd (r=0.625) were significant at the p<0.05 level. CONCLUSIONS Bioaccumulation factor and translocation factors of these two plants revealed that S. articulatus was comparatively more efficient for phytoremediation, whereas phytostabilization potential was higher in C. esculenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Khatun
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
| | - Sandipan Pal
- Department of Environmental Science, Aghorekamini Prakashchandra Mahavidyalaya, Hooghly, India
| | | | - Palas Samanta
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Subinoy Mondal
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
| | - Debraj Kole
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
| | - Priyanka Chandra
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
| | - Apurba Ratan Ghosh
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Burdwan, Burdwan, India
- Correspondence: Apurba Ratan Ghosh, Golapbag, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India Tel: +91-3422657938 Fax: +91-3422657938 E-mail:
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Tiwari AK, De Maio M, Singh PK, Mahato MK. Evaluation of Surface Water Quality by Using GIS and a Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) Model in a Coal Mining Area, India. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2015; 95:304-310. [PMID: 25962697 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-015-1558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Twenty eight surface water samples were collected from fourteen sites of the West Bokaro coalfield, India. The concentration of Mn, Cu, Zn, Ni, As, Se, Al, Cr, Ba, and Fe were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for determination of seasonal fluctuations and a heavy metal pollution index (HPI). The HPI values were below the critical pollution index value of 100. Metal concentrations were higher in the pre-monsoon season as compared to the post-monsoon season. The Zn, Ni, Mn, As, Se, Al, Ba, Cu, and Cr concentrations did not exceed the desirable limits for drinking water in either season. However, at many sites, concentrations of Fe were above the desirable limit of the WHO (2006) and Indian drinking water standard (BIS 2003) in both seasons. The water that contained higher concentrations of Fe would require treatment before domestic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwani Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India,
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Al-Ghanim KA, Mahboob S, Seemab S, Sultana S, Sultana T, Al-Misned F, Ahmed Z. Monitoring of trace metals in tissues of Wallago attu (lanchi) from the Indus River as an indicator of environmental pollution. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 23:72-8. [PMID: 26858541 PMCID: PMC4705241 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to assess the bioaccumulation of selected four trace metals (Cd, Ni, Zn and Co) in four tissues (muscles, skin, gills and liver) of a freshwater fish Wallago attu (lanchi) from three different sites (upstream, middle stream and downstream) of the Indus River in Mianwali district of Pakistan. Heavy metal contents in water samples and from different selected tissues of fish were examined by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The data were statistically compared to study the effects of the site and fish organs and their interaction on the bioaccumulation pattern of these metals at P < 0.05. In W. attu the level of cadmium ranged from 0.004 to 0.24; nickel 0.003–0.708; cobalt 0.002–0.768 and zinc 47.4–1147.5 μg/g wet weight. The magnitude of metal bioaccumulation in different organs of fish species had the following order gills > liver > skin > muscle. The order of bioaccumulation of these metals was Ni < Zn < Co < Cd. Heavy metal concentrations were increased during the dry season as compared to the wet season. The results of this study indicate that freshwater fish produced and marketed in Mianwali have concentrations below the standards of FEPA/WHO for these toxic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Al-Ghanim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Mahboob
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Zoology, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Seemab
- Department of Zoology, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - S Sultana
- Department of Zoology, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - T Sultana
- Department of Zoology, GC University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Al-Misned
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Z Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Gupta B, Kumar R, Rani M. Speciation of heavy metals in water and sediments of an urban lake system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2013; 48:1231-1242. [PMID: 23647114 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.776886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The speciation pattern of heavy metals namely chromium, nickel, copper and lead in water and sediments of an urban lake system of high ecological significance was studied. The total available metal (dissolved) in water follows the sequence Ni>Cr>Pb>Cu. However, a different pattern Pb>Cu>Ni>Cr is observed for total available metal (metal in non-residual phases) in sediments. Significant spatial variations are observed in different geochemical forms of the metals as indicated by two-way ANOVA. This is attributed to localized anthropogenic activities. The anthropogenic parameters of water not only show statistically significant correlations among themselves but also positively correlate with the particulate forms of Cr, Cu and Pb. The total available forms of copper and lead correlate with the organic content of the sediments. Principal component analysis (PCA) separates the metals into three groups: I (Cr); II (Ni); III (Cu and Pb). The polluted sites were identified using hierarchical cluster analysis. Risk assessment code (RAC) analysis indicates low to medium risk due to Cr at most of the sites. However, Ni, Cu and Pb pose medium to high risk. But Pb at a few sites presents very high risk (RAC > 50%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bina Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
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Gupta B, Kumar R, Rani M, Agarwal T. Dynamics of toxic heavy metals in different compartments of a highly urbanized closed aquatic system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING : JEM 2012; 14:916-924. [PMID: 22290427 DOI: 10.1039/c2em10505e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper deals with the dynamics of chromium, nickel, copper and lead among the different components namely water, surface sediments, submerged and free floating macrophytes and fish of the twin manmade lakes, Upper and Lower lakes, of Bhopal (M.P., India). Some basic parameters of water and sediment have also been studied. The basin of the lake system is densely populated and the water is used for various purposes including drinking. Ni and Pb along with nitrate in both lakes are significantly higher than the drinking water quality criteria of USEPA. The concentration of the metals in the sediments is noticeably higher than that present in the adjoining rock, particularly Ni and Pb. There is a significant uptake of metals by the macrophytes (Eichhornia crassipes and Hydrilla verticillata) and fish (Labeo rohita and Oreochromis niloticus) mainly in summer. The fish of Lower lake (O. niloticus) is unfit for human consumption. The data have been statistically treated. Principle component analysis and cluster analysis were performed to define the origin of metals and to assess the relationship among the sites. Overall the Lower lake is more polluted than the Upper lake. In aggregate, the lake system is under an environmental stress due to certain practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bina Gupta
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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