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Walsh D, Bevan J, Harrison F. How Does Airway Surface Liquid Composition Vary in Different Pulmonary Diseases, and How Can We Use This Knowledge to Model Microbial Infections? Microorganisms 2024; 12:732. [PMID: 38674677 PMCID: PMC11052052 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Growth environment greatly alters many facets of pathogen physiology, including pathogenesis and antimicrobial tolerance. The importance of host-mimicking environments for attaining an accurate picture of pathogen behaviour is widely recognised. Whilst this recognition has translated into the extensive development of artificial cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum medium, attempts to mimic the growth environment in other respiratory disease states have been completely neglected. The composition of the airway surface liquid (ASL) in different pulmonary diseases is far less well characterised than CF sputum, making it very difficult for researchers to model these infection environments. In this review, we discuss the components of human ASL, how different lung pathologies affect ASL composition, and how different pathogens interact with these components. This will provide researchers interested in mimicking different respiratory environments with the information necessary to design a host-mimicking medium, allowing for better understanding of how to treat pathogens causing infection in these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Walsh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK (F.H.)
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2
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Novović K, Kuzmanović Nedeljković S, Poledica M, Nikolić G, Grujić B, Jovčić B, Kojić M, Filipić B. Virulence potential of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from COVID-19 patients on mechanical ventilation: The first report from Serbia. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1094184. [PMID: 36825087 PMCID: PMC9941878 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1094184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the WHO declared the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, the disease has spread rapidly leading to overload of the health system and many of the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 needed to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Around 10% of patients with the severe manifestation of COVID-19 need noninvasive or invasive mechanical ventilation, which represent a risk factor for Acinetobacter baumannii superinfection. The 64 A. baumannii isolates were recovered from COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU at General Hospital "Dr Laza K. Lazarević" Šabac, Serbia, during the period from December 2020 to February 2021. All patients required mechanical ventilation and mortality rate was 100%. The goal of this study was to evaluate antibiotic resistance profiles and virulence potential of A. baumannii isolates recovered from patients with severe form of COVID-19 who had a need for mechanical ventilation. All tested A. baumannii isolates (n = 64) were sensitive to colistin, while resistant to meropenem, imipenem, gentamicin, tobramycin, and levofloxacin according to the broth microdilution method and MDR phenotype was confirmed. In all tested isolates, representatives of international clone 2 (IC2) classified by multiplex PCR for clonal lineage identification, bla AmpC, bla OXA-51, and bla OXA-23 genes were present, as well as ISAba1 insertion sequence upstream of bla OXA-23. Clonal distribution of one dominant strain was found, but individual strains showed phenotypic differences in the level of antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and binding to mucin and motility. According to PFGE, four isolates were sequenced and antibiotic resistance genes as well as virulence factors genes were analyzed in these genomes. The results of this study represent the first report on virulence potential of MDR A. baumannii from hospital in Serbia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Novović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Gordana Nikolić
- General Hospital “Dr Laza K. Lazarević” Šabac, Šabac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Grujić
- General Hospital “Dr Laza K. Lazarević” Šabac, Šabac, Serbia
| | - Branko Jovčić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Kojić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Brankica Filipić
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,*Correspondence: Brankica Filipić,
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3
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Andrews P, Shiber J, Madden M, Nieman GF, Camporota L, Habashi NM. Myths and Misconceptions of Airway Pressure Release Ventilation: Getting Past the Noise and on to the Signal. Front Physiol 2022; 13:928562. [PMID: 35957991 PMCID: PMC9358044 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.928562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of science, competitive ideas and debate are necessary means to attain knowledge and expose our ignorance. To quote Murray Gell-Mann (1969 Nobel Prize laureate in Physics): “Scientific orthodoxy kills truth”. In mechanical ventilation, the goal is to provide the best approach to support patients with respiratory failure until the underlying disease resolves, while minimizing iatrogenic damage. This compromise characterizes the philosophy behind the concept of “lung protective” ventilation. Unfortunately, inadequacies of the current conceptual model–that focuses exclusively on a nominal value of low tidal volume and promotes shrinking of the “baby lung” - is reflected in the high mortality rate of patients with moderate and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. These data call for exploration and investigation of competitive models evaluated thoroughly through a scientific process. Airway Pressure Release Ventilation (APRV) is one of the most studied yet controversial modes of mechanical ventilation that shows promise in experimental and clinical data. Over the last 3 decades APRV has evolved from a rescue strategy to a preemptive lung injury prevention approach with potential to stabilize the lung and restore alveolar homogeneity. However, several obstacles have so far impeded the evaluation of APRV’s clinical efficacy in large, randomized trials. For instance, there is no universally accepted standardized method of setting APRV and thus, it is not established whether its effects on clinical outcomes are due to the ventilator mode per se or the method applied. In addition, one distinctive issue that hinders proper scientific evaluation of APRV is the ubiquitous presence of myths and misconceptions repeatedly presented in the literature. In this review we discuss some of these misleading notions and present data to advance scientific discourse around the uses and misuses of APRV in the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny Andrews
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Penny Andrews,
| | - Joseph Shiber
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Maria Madden
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gary F. Nieman
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Luigi Camporota
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, Health Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nader M. Habashi
- R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Highly sialylated mucin-type glycopeptide from porcine intestinal mucosa after heparin extraction: O-glycan profiling and immunological activity evaluation. Glycoconj J 2021; 38:527-537. [PMID: 34480673 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-10014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucins are the major proteins that distributed on the intestinal mucosa layer and protect the intestine from pathogens infection. The composition of intestinal mucin O-glycans can affect the health of the gastrointestinal tract in pigs. Porcine intestinal mucosa is widely used as the main raw material of heparin extraction. The heparin extraction residues rich in mucins were usually wasted. The structure of mucin derived O-glycans in porcine intestinal mucosa are currently unknown. In this study, we isolated the mucins from the heparin extraction residues and profiled the O-glycans. After heparin extraction, mucin was digested with trypsin, and separated by strong anion exchange chromatography. The mucin derived O-glycans were release by alkaline β elimination, and analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-porous graphitized carbon-Fourier transform mass spectrometry (UPLC-PGC-FTMS/MS). Thirty five kinds of O-glycans were identified, most of which were Core 3-derived glycans. In particular, the O-glycans containing sialic acid Neu5Ac accounted for 71.93% of the total O-glycans, which were different from that of other species, including mouse intestine, fish intestine, and porcine colon. The high content sialylated mucin may explain its effect in biological processes. Furthermore, the immunological activity results indicated that the porcine intestinal mucin could promote phagocytosis and proliferation without any cytotoxic effects, which may aid in the development of immunomodulators.
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Abstract
Azithromycin (AZM) has been used to treat chronic inflammatory airway diseases because it regulates cell–cell contact between airway epithelial cells. Airway mucus hypersecretion is an important component of chronic respiratory diseases. Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) is the major mucin produced by airway epithelial cells, and hypersecretion of MUC5AC is a sign of various pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Recently, it was found that matrix metallopeptidase 9 is involved in mucus hypersecretion. Moreover, AZM can inhibit the ability of TNF-α-to induce interleukin (IL)-8 production. This review focuses on the effects on AZM that may be beneficial in inhibiting MUC5AC, matrix metalloprotease-9 and IL-8 production in airway epithelial cells. In addition, recent studies have begun to assess activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in response to AZM. Understanding these new developments may be helpful for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Central Laboratory, Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Danyang, Jiangsu, China
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Kida Y, Yamamoto T, Kuwano K. SdsA1, a secreted sulfatase, contributes to the in vivo virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:280-295. [PMID: 31907968 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucin is a glycoprotein that is the primary component of the mucus overlaying the epithelial tissues. Because mucin functions as a first line of the innate immune system, Pseudomonas aeruginosa appears to require interaction with mucin to establish infection in the host. However, the interactions between P. aeruginosa and mucin have been poorly understood. In this study, using in vivo expression technology (IVET), we attempted to identify mucin-inducible promoters that are likely to be involved in the establishment of P. aeruginosa infection. The IVET analysis revealed that the genes encoding glycosidases, sulfatases, and peptidases that are thought to be required for the utilization of mucin as a nutrient are present in 13 genes downstream of the identified promoters. Our results indicated that, among them, sdsA1 encoding a secreted sulfatase plays a central role in the degradation of mucin. It was then demonstrated that disruption of sdsA1 leads to a decreased release of sulfate from mucin and sulfated sugars. Furthermore, the sdsA1 mutant showed a reduction in the ability of mucin gel penetration and an attenuation of virulence in leukopenic mice compared with the wild-type strain. Collectively, these results suggest that SdsA1 plays an important role as a virulence factor of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Kida
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Kuwano
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Infectious Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Wang J, Xia L, Wang R, Cai Y. Linezolid and Its Immunomodulatory Effect: In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1389. [PMID: 31849655 PMCID: PMC6894011 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have explored the effects of some antibacterial agents on various aspects of the immune response to infection in addition to their bactericidal effects. As a synthetic oxazolidinone class of antibacterial agent, linezolid (LZD) exhibits activity against a broad range of Gram-positive bacteria. In the present review, we summarized the effects of LZD on the immune response and new approaches that can exploit such interactions for the treatment of bacterial infections. In vitro and pre-clinical evidence demonstrate that LZD suppresses the phagocytic ability, cytokine synthesis, and secretion of immune cells as well as the expressions of immune-related genes at the mRNA level under the stimulation of endotoxin or pathogens. Immunomodulatory effects of LZD can not only reduce the inflammatory damage induced by exaggerated or prolonged release of pro-inflammatory cytokines during infections but can also be applied to alleviate the symptoms of non-infectious inflammatory conditions. Further research is necessary to explore the molecular mechanisms involved and confirm these findings in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Center of Medicine Clinical Research, Department of Pharmacy, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Center of Medicine Clinical Research, Department of Pharmacy, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Center of Medicine Clinical Research, Department of Pharmacy, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Cai
- Center of Medicine Clinical Research, Department of Pharmacy, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yang D, Xing Y, Song X, Qian Y. The impact of lung microbiota dysbiosis on inflammation. Immunology 2019; 159:156-166. [PMID: 31631335 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-microbiota interaction plays fundamental roles in the homeostasis of mucosal immunity. Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota has been demonstrated to participate in various immune responses and many multifactorial diseases. Study of intestinal microbiota has moved beyond the consequences of dysbiosis to the causal microbiota associated with diseases. However, studies of pulmonary microbiota and its dysbiosis are still in their infancy. Improvement of culture-dependent and -independent techniques has facilitated our understanding of lung microbiota that not only exists in healthy lung tissue but also exerts great impact on immune responses under both physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we summarize recent progresses of lung microbiota dysbiosis and its impact on the local immune system that determines the balance of tolerance and inflammation. We discuss the causal roles of pulmonary dysbiosis under disease settings, and propose that the interaction between lung microbiota and host is critical for establishing the immune homeostasis in lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daping Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Xing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyang Song
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Youcun Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Mahajan M, DiStefano D, Satalin J, Andrews P, Al-Khalisy H, Baker S, Gatto LA, Nieman GF, Habashi NM. Time-controlled adaptive ventilation (TCAV) accelerates simulated mucus clearance via increased expiratory flow rate. Intensive Care Med Exp 2019; 7:27. [PMID: 31098761 PMCID: PMC6522588 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-019-0250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most common nosocomial infection in intensive care units. Distal airway mucus clearance has been shown to reduce VAP incidence. Studies suggest that mucus clearance is enhanced when the rate of expiratory flow is greater than inspiratory flow. The time-controlled adaptive ventilation (TCAV) protocol using the airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) mode has a significantly increased expiratory relative to inspiratory flow rate, as compared with the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network (ARDSnet) protocol using the conventional ventilation mode of volume assist control (VAC). We hypothesized the TCAV protocol would be superior to the ARDSnet protocol at clearing mucus by a mechanism of net flow in the expiratory direction. Methods Preserved pig lungs fitted with an endotracheal tube (ETT) were used as a model to study the effect of multiple combinations of peak inspiratory (IPF) and peak expiratory flow rate (EPF) on simulated mucus movement within the ETT. Mechanical ventilation was randomized into 6 groups (n = 10 runs/group): group 1—TCAV protocol settings with an end-expiratory pressure (PLow) of 0 cmH2O and PHigh 25 cmH2O, group 2—modified TCAV protocol with increased PLow 5 cmH2O and PHigh 25 cmH2O, group 3—modified TCAV with PLow 10 cmH2O and PHigh 25 cmH2O, group 4—ARDSnet protocol using low tidal volume (LTV) and PEEP 0 cmH2O, group 5—ARDSnet protocol using LTV and PEEP 10 cmH2O, and group 6—ARDSnet protocol using LTV and PEEP 20 cmH2O. PEEP of ARDSnet is analogous to PLow of TCAV. Proximal (towards the ventilator) mucus movement distance was recorded after 1 min of ventilation in each group. Results The TCAV protocol groups 1, 2, and 3 generated significantly greater peak expiratory flow (EPF 51.3 L/min, 46.8 L/min, 36.8 L/min, respectively) as compared to the ARDSnet protocol groups 4, 5, and 6 (32.9 L/min, 23.5 L/min, and 23.2 L/min, respectively) (p < 0.001). The TCAV groups also demonstrated the greatest proximal mucus movement (7.95 cm/min, 5.8 cm/min, 1.9 cm/min) (p < 0.01). All ARDSnet protocol groups (4–6) had zero proximal mucus movement (0 cm/min). Conclusions The TCAV protocol groups promoted the greatest proximal movement of simulated mucus as compared to the ARDSnet protocol groups in this excised lung model. The TCAV protocol settings resulted in the highest EPF and the greatest proximal movement of mucus. Increasing PLow reduced proximal mucus movement. We speculate that proximal mucus movement is driven by EPF when EPF is greater than IPF, creating a net force in the proximal direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams St., 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - David DiStefano
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams St., 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Joshua Satalin
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams St., 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Penny Andrews
- Department of Trauma Critical Care Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Hassan Al-Khalisy
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams St., 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Sarah Baker
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams St., 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Louis A Gatto
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, 22 Graham Avenue, Cortland, NY, 13045, USA
| | - Gary F Nieman
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams St., 766 Irving Avenue, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Nader M Habashi
- Department of Trauma Critical Care Medicine, R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Ohneck EJ, Arivett BA, Fiester SE, Wood CR, Metz ML, Simeone GM, Actis LA. Mucin acts as a nutrient source and a signal for the differential expression of genes coding for cellular processes and virulence factors in Acinetobacter baumannii. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190599. [PMID: 29309434 PMCID: PMC5757984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of Acinetobacter baumannii to persist and cause infections depends on its interaction with abiotic and biotic surfaces, including those found on medical devices and host mucosal surfaces. However, the extracellular stimuli affecting these interactions are poorly understood. Based on our previous observations, we hypothesized that mucin, a glycoprotein secreted by lung epithelial cells, particularly during respiratory infections, significantly alters A. baumannii's physiology and its interaction with the surrounding environment. Biofilm, virulence and growth assays showed that mucin enhances the interaction of A. baumannii ATCC 19606T with abiotic and biotic surfaces and its cytolytic activity against epithelial cells while serving as a nutrient source. The global effect of mucin on the physiology and virulence of this pathogen is supported by RNA-Seq data showing that its presence in a low nutrient medium results in the differential transcription of 427 predicted protein-coding genes. The reduced expression of ion acquisition genes and the increased transcription of genes coding for energy production together with the detection of mucin degradation indicate that this host glycoprotein is a nutrient source. The increased expression of genes coding for adherence and biofilm biogenesis on abiotic and biotic surfaces, the degradation of phenylacetic acid and the production of an active type VI secretion system further supports the role mucin plays in virulence. Taken together, our observations indicate that A. baumannii recognizes mucin as an environmental signal, which triggers a response cascade that allows this pathogen to acquire critical nutrients and promotes host-pathogen interactions that play a role in the pathogenesis of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Ohneck
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States of America
| | - Brock A. Arivett
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States of America
| | - Steven E. Fiester
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States of America
| | - Cecily R. Wood
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States of America
| | - Maeva L. Metz
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States of America
| | - Gabriella M. Simeone
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Actis
- Department of Microbiology, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States of America
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Takeda K, Kaku N, Morinaga Y, Kosai K, Uno N, Imamura Y, Hasegawa H, Miyazaki T, Izumikawa K, Mukae H, Yanagihara K. Tedizolid inhibits MUC5AC production induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in human airway epithelial cells. J Infect Chemother 2017; 23:598-603. [PMID: 28729052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The innate immune system plays an important role in early immunity against respiratory tract infection. Although airway epithelial cells produce mucus to eliminate pathogens and irritants, hypersecretion of mucus is harmful for the host as it may cause airway obstruction and inhibit influx of antimicrobial agents. It has been reported that several antimicrobial agents have an immunomodulatory effect in vitro and in vivo, but little is known about whether tedizolid, a novel oxazolidinone, can modulate immune responses. In this study, we evaluated whether tedizolid can suppress MUC5AC production in human airway epithelial cells stimulated by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Compared with the control, tedizolid significantly inhibited MUC5AC protein production and mRNA overexpression at concentrations of both 2 and 10 μg/mL (representative of trough and peak concentrations in human epithelial lining fluid). Among the mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors tested, only extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation was inhibited by tedizolid as indicated by western blot analysis. These results indicate that tedizolid inhibits the overproduction of MUC5AC protein by inhibiting phosphorylation of ERK1/2. This study revealed that tedizolid suppresses excessive mucin production in human airway epithelial cells. The immunomodulatory effect of tedizolid may improve outcomes in patients with severe respiratory infectious diseases caused by MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Takeda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Norihito Kaku
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Morinaga
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kosai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Uno
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Imamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroo Hasegawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Taiga Miyazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Izumikawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Katsunori Yanagihara
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
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Yamada K, Morinaga Y, Yanagihara K, Kaku N, Harada Y, Uno N, Nakamura S, Imamura Y, Hasegawa H, Miyazaki T, Izumikawa K, Kakeya H, Mikamo H, Kohno S. Azithromycin inhibits MUC5AC induction via multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in human airway epithelial cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 28:165-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Immunomodulatory effect of linezolid on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus supernatant-induced MUC5AC overexpression in human airway epithelial cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:4131-7. [PMID: 24820080 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02811-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Linezolid is the first member of the oxazolidinones and is active against drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Additionally, linezolid shows an immunomodulatory effect, such as inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production. In this study, we examined the effect of linezolid on MRSA-induced MUC5AC overexpression in airway epithelial cells. In this study, an MRSA supernatant was used to avoid the direct effect of linezolid on MRSA. MUC5AC protein production was significantly increased with a 40-fold dilution of MRSA supernatant. At the mRNA level, MUC5AC gene expression was significantly increased 6 and 9 h after stimulation. In an inhibition study, linezolid significantly reduced MRSA-induced MUC5AC protein and mRNA overexpression at concentrations of 5 and 20 μg/ml, which were the same as the trough and peak concentrations in human epithelial lining fluid. In an analysis of cell signaling, among the mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, only the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor reduced the MUC5AC protein production to the same level as that of the control; on Western blot analysis, only ERK1/2 was phosphorylated by the MRSA supernatant. In addition, the ERK1/2 phosphorylation was inhibited by linezolid. MUC5AC and MUC5B are the major barrier that traps inhaled microbial organisms, particulates, and foreign irritants. However, in patients with chronic respiratory diseases, pathogen-induced MUC5AC overexpression causes many problems, and control of the overexpression is important. Thus, this study revealed that linezolid showed a direct immunomodulatory effect in airway epithelial cells.
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Flowers SA, Ali L, Lane CS, Olin M, Karlsson NG. Selected reaction monitoring to differentiate and relatively quantitate isomers of sulfated and unsulfated core 1 O-glycans from salivary MUC7 protein in rheumatoid arthritis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:921-31. [PMID: 23457413 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.028878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common and debilitating systemic inflammatory condition affecting up to 1% of the world's population. This study aimed to investigate the immunological significance of O-glycans in chronic arthritis at a local and systemic level. O-Glycans released from synovial glycoproteins during acute and chronic arthritic conditions were compared and immune-reactive glycans identified. The sulfated core 1 O-glycan (Galβ1-3GalNAcol) was immune reactive, showing a different isomeric profile in the two conditions. From acute reactive arthritis, three isomers could be sequenced, but in patients with chronic rheumatoid arthritis, only a single 3-Gal sulfate-linked isomer could be identified. The systemic significance of this glycan epitope was investigated using the salivary mucin MUC7 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal controls. To analyze this low abundance glycan, a selected reaction monitoring (SRM) method was developed to differentiate and relatively quantitate the core 1 O-glycan and the sulfated core 1 O-glycan Gal- and GalNAc-linked isomers. The acquisition of highly sensitive full scan linear ion trap MS/MS spectra in addition to quantitative SRM data allowed the 3- and 6-linked Gal isomers to be differentiated. The method was used to relatively quantitate the core 1 glycans from MUC7 to identify any systemic changes in this carbohydrate epitope. A statistically significant increase in sulfation was identified in salivary MUC7 from rheumatoid arthritis patients. This suggests a potential role for this epitope in chronic inflammation. This study was able to develop an SRM approach to specifically identify and relatively quantitate sulfated core 1 isomers and the unsulfated structure. The expansion of this method may afford an avenue for the high throughput investigation of O-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Flowers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 9A, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Robinson CV, Elkins MR, Bialkowski KM, Thornton DJ, Kertesz MA. Desulfurization of mucin by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: influence of sulfate in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:1644-1653. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.047167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla V. Robinson
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mark R. Elkins
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - David J. Thornton
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Michael A. Kertesz
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Tsai MS, Chiang WC, Lee CC, Hsieh CC, Ko PCI, Hsu CY, Su CP, Chen SY, Chang WT, Yuan A, Ma MHM, Chen SC, Chen WJ. Infections in the survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the first 7 days. Intensive Care Med 2005; 31:621-6. [PMID: 15803297 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-005-2612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2004] [Accepted: 03/03/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the incidence, risk factors, foci, isolated organisms, and outcomes of infections in the survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) within the first 7 days after resuscitation. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective cohort study in the intensive care unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS We enrolled 117 survivors of adult nontraumatic OHCA victims who survived more than 24 h between January 1999 and May 2004. We collected patients' demographics, the causes and initial electrocardiographic rhythm of cardiac arrest, and the process of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The incidence, clinical presentations and outcomes of infections occurring in the first 7 days after resuscitation were evaluated. Variables were compared between the infected and noninfected patients. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Among our OHCA survivors asystole was the most common initial rhythm (66%). Eighty-three patients (71%) were found to have infection. Pneumonia was the most common infection (61%) followed by bacteremia (13%). Although the Gram-negative bacteria were responsible for most infections, the most commonly isolated organism was Staphylococcus aureus. The infection group had more patients with dementia and noncardiac causes of OHCA. The survival curves did not differ significantly between infection and non-infection groups. CONCLUSIONS Infections were common in OHCA survivors during the first 7 days. The most common responsible organisms were Gram-negative bacteria, and the most commonly isolated organism was S. aureus. Infections in the early stage after return of spontaneous circulation did not change the hospital mortality and hospitalization duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Shan Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No.7 Chung-Shan S. Road, 100 Taipei, Taiwan
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Abraham E, Andrews P, Antonelli M, Brochard L, Brun-Buisson C, Dobb G, Fagon JY, Groeneveld J, Mancebo J, Metnitz P, Nava S, Pinsky M, Radermacher P, Ranieri M, Richard C, Tasker R, Vallet B. Year in review in Intensive Care Medicine-2003. Part 1: Respiratory failure, infection and sepsis. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30:1017-31. [PMID: 15170528 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-004-2321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
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