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Wu T, Bonnheim NB, Pendleton MM, Emerzian SR, Keaveny TM. Radiation-induced changes in load-sharing and structure-function behavior in murine lumbar vertebrae. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024; 27:1278-1286. [PMID: 37504955 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2023.2239415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used micro-CT-based finite element analysis to investigate the biomechanical effects of radiation on the microstructure and mechanical function of murine lumbar vertebrae. Specifically, we evaluated vertebral microstructure, whole-bone stiffness, and cortical-trabecular load sharing in the L5 vertebral body of mice exposed to ionizing radiation 11 days post exposure (5 Gy total dose; n = 13) and controls (n = 14). Our findings revealed the irradiated group exhibited reduced trabecular bone volume and microstructure (p < 0.001) compared to controls, while cortical bone volume remained unchanged (p = 0.91). Axially compressive loads in the irradiated group were diverted from the trabecular centrum and into the vertebral cortex, as evidenced by a higher cortical load-fraction (p = 0.02) and a higher proportion of cortical tissue at risk of initial failure (p < 0.01). Whole-bone stiffness was lower in the irradiated group compared to the controls, though the difference was small and non-significant (2045 ± 142 vs. 2185 ± 225 vs. N/mm, irradiated vs. control, p = 0.07). Additionally, the structure-function relationship between trabecular bone volume and trabecular load fraction differed between groups (p = 0.03), indicating a less biomechanically efficient trabecular network in the irradiated group. We conclude that radiation can decrease trabecular bone volume and result in a less biomechanically efficient trabecular structure, leading to increased reliance on the vertebral cortex to resist axially compressive loads. These findings offer biomechanical insight into the effects of radiation on structure-function behavior in murine lumbar vertebrae independent of possible tissue-level material effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongge Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Noah B Bonnheim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Megan M Pendleton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shannon R Emerzian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tony M Keaveny
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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2
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Yu Y, Li X, Zheng M, Zhou L, Zhang J, Wang J, Sun B. The potential benefits and mechanisms of protein nutritional intervention on bone health improvement. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:6380-6394. [PMID: 36655469 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2168250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis commonly occurs in the older people and severe patients, with the main reason of the imbalance of bone metabolism (the rate of bone resorption exceeding the rate of bone formation), resulting in a decrease in bone mineral density and destruction of bone microstructure and further leading to the increased risk of fragility fracture. Recent studies indicate that protein nutritional support is beneficial for attenuating osteoporosis and improving bone health. This review summarized the classical mechanisms of protein intervention for alleviating osteoporosis on both suppressing bone resorption and regulating bone formation related pathways (promoting osteoblasts generation and proliferation, enhancing calcium absorption, and increasing collagen and mineral deposition), as well as the potential novel mechanisms via activating autophagy of osteoblasts, altering bone related miRNA profiles, regulating muscle-bone axis, and modulating gut microbiota abundance. Protein nutritional intervention is expected to provide novel approaches for the prevention and adjuvant therapy of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Yu
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Li
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjun Zheng
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Linyue Zhou
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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3
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De-Deus G, Arashiro FN, Souza EM, Silva EJNL, Guimarães TDM, Maciel ACDC, Oliveira DDS, Belladonna FG, Lopes RT, Versiani MA. The impact of long-term storage conditions on the development of experimental dentinal microcracks. AUST ENDOD J 2024; 50:60-68. [PMID: 37876340 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of long-term storage conditions (medium and time) on the development of experimental dentinal microcracks through micro-computed tomography. Sixty freshly extracted premolars were stored in formalin, water, or dry conditions (n = 20) and scanned after 72 h, 30 days, 6 months and 3 years of extraction. The effect of the storage medium and time on the occurrence of dentinal defects was statistically evaluated. A total of 211 000 images were screened revealing the existence of 11 519 slices with dentinal defects. Dry conditions significantly contributed to the development of new defects in all time points. During the 3-year follow-up period, no new defects were detected in the teeth that were stored in water and, in a single tooth, in the formalin group, after 6 months of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo De-Deus
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Nakao Arashiro
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Erick Miranda Souza
- Department of Dentistry II, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva
- Department of Endodontics, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Tadeu Lopes
- Nuclear Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Versiani
- Dental Specialty Center, Brazilian Military Police, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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4
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Sun Q, Li Q, Li S, Li X. Dynamic Hydrogels with Viscoelasticity and Tunable Stiffness for the Regulation of Cell Behavior and Fate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5161. [PMID: 37512435 PMCID: PMC10386333 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) of natural cells typically exhibits dynamic mechanical properties (viscoelasticity and dynamic stiffness). The viscoelasticity and dynamic stiffness of the ECM play a crucial role in biological processes, such as tissue growth, development, physiology, and disease. Hydrogels with viscoelasticity and dynamic stiffness have recently been used to investigate the regulation of cell behavior and fate. This article first emphasizes the importance of tissue viscoelasticity and dynamic stiffness and provides an overview of characterization techniques at both macro- and microscale. Then, the viscoelastic hydrogels (crosslinked via ion bonding, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and supramolecular interactions) and dynamic stiffness hydrogels (softening, stiffening, and reversible stiffness) with different crosslinking strategies are summarized, along with the significant impact of viscoelasticity and dynamic stiffness on cell spreading, proliferation, migration, and differentiation in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. Finally, the emerging trends in the development of dynamic mechanical hydrogels are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Q.L.)
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhuofan Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Q.L.)
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Q.L.)
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shaohui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Q.L.)
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Moulding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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5
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Omer M, Ngo C, Ali H, Orlovskaya N, Cheong VS, Ballesteros A, Garner MT, Wynn A, Martyniak K, Wei F, Collins BE, Yarmolenko SN, Asiatico J, Kinzel M, Ghosh R, Meckmongkol T, Calder A, Dahir N, Gilbertson TA, Sankar J, Coathup M. The Effect of Omega-9 on Bone Viscoelasticity and Strength in an Ovariectomized Diet-Fed Murine Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051209. [PMID: 36904208 PMCID: PMC10005705 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the effect of a monosaturated diet high in ω-9 on osteoporosis. We hypothesized that omega-9 (ω-9) protects ovariectomized (OVX) mice from a decline in bone microarchitecture, tissue loss, and mechanical strength, thereby serving as a modifiable dietary intervention against osteoporotic deterioration. Female C57BL/6J mice were assigned to sham-ovariectomy, ovariectomy, or ovariectomy + estradiol treatment prior to switching their feed to a diet high in ω-9 for 12 weeks. Tibiae were evaluated using DMA, 3-point-bending, histomorphometry, and microCT. A significant decrease in lean mass (p = 0.05), tibial area (p = 0.009), and cross-sectional moment of inertia (p = 0.028) was measured in OVX mice compared to the control. A trend was seen where OVX bone displayed increased elastic modulus, ductility, storage modulus, and loss modulus, suggesting the ω-9 diet paradoxically increased both stiffness and viscosity. This implies beneficial alterations on the macro-structural, and micro-tissue level in OVX bone, potentially decreasing the fracture risk. Supporting this, no significant differences in ultimate, fracture, and yield stresses were measured. A diet high in ω-9 did not prevent microarchitectural deterioration, nevertheless, healthy tibial strength and resistance to fracture was maintained via mechanisms independent of bone structure/shape. Further investigation of ω-9 as a therapeutic in osteoporosis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Omer
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Christopher Ngo
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Hessein Ali
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Nina Orlovskaya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Vee San Cheong
- Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | | | | | - Austin Wynn
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Kari Martyniak
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Boyce E. Collins
- Engineering Research Center for Revolutionizing Biomaterials, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Sergey N. Yarmolenko
- Engineering Research Center for Revolutionizing Biomaterials, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Jackson Asiatico
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Michael Kinzel
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Ranajay Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Teerin Meckmongkol
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Nemours Children’s Hospital, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Ashley Calder
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Naima Dahir
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | | | - Jagannathan Sankar
- Engineering Research Center for Revolutionizing Biomaterials, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA
| | - Melanie Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-407-266-7184
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6
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Bonicelli A, Kranioti EF, Xhemali B, Arnold E, Zioupos P. Assessing bone maturity: Compositional and mechanical properties of rib cortical bone at different ages. Bone 2022; 155:116265. [PMID: 34844026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding what maturity entails for bone, when it arrives, and its pre- and post-maturity traits and properties are very important for understanding its evolution and physiology. There is a clear but fine distinction between the chronological age of bone (the age of its donor) and the tissue age of the bone packets it comprises at the microscopic level. Whole bone fragility changes with age due to mass and architecture effects, but so do the properties of bone at the tissue level. Tissue age and tissue-level properties are therefore increasingly attracting a great deal of attention recently. The present study investigated compositional and material changes in the hydroxyapatite crystals, the collagenous phase, changes in bone matrix composition and its nanoindentation properties and their decline with chronological age in later life. The aim was to track the age threshold at which cortical bone arrives at maturity and what happens following that threshold. To do so FTIR, DSC/TGA, XRD, nanoindentation and microindentation were used to investigate rib cortical bone material across a cohort of 86 individuals from one ethnic group with age spanning between 17 and 82 years. Results of this cross-sectional study showed a clear increase in mineral content relative to the organic and water contents across all ages. Furthermore, an increase in crystal size and consequent decrease in strain (coherence length) was detected associated with secondary mineralisation and an increase in carbonate substitution. Overall, we observe a number of modifications which contribute to a typical functional behaviour of bone showing an increase in both indentation modulus and hardness until the age of about 35 after which both of these properties decline gradually and concomitantly to other physicochemical changes and seemingly until the end of one's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonicelli
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Musculoskeletal & Medicolegal Research Group, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the UK, Shrivenham, UK
| | - Elena F Kranioti
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Emily Arnold
- Musculoskeletal & Medicolegal Research Group, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the UK, Shrivenham, UK
| | - Peter Zioupos
- Musculoskeletal & Medicolegal Research Group, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the UK, Shrivenham, UK.
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7
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Xu Q, Torres JE, Hakim M, Babiak PM, Pal P, Battistoni CM, Nguyen M, Panitch A, Solorio L, Liu JC. Collagen- and hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels and their biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. R, REPORTS : A REVIEW JOURNAL 2021; 146:100641. [PMID: 34483486 PMCID: PMC8409465 DOI: 10.1016/j.mser.2021.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been widely investigated in biomedical fields due to their similar physical and biochemical properties to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA) are the main components of the ECM in many tissues. As a result, hydrogels prepared from collagen and HA hold inherent advantages in mimicking the structure and function of the native ECM. Numerous studies have focused on the development of collagen and HA hydrogels and their biomedical applications. In this extensive review, we provide a summary and analysis of the sources, features, and modifications of collagen and HA. Specifically, we highlight the fabrication, properties, and potential biomedical applications as well as promising commercialization of hydrogels based on these two natural polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Xu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jessica E. Torres
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mazin Hakim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Paulina M Babiak
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Pallabi Pal
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Carly M Battistoni
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Michael Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Julie C. Liu
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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8
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Oosterlaken BM, Vena MP, de With G. In Vitro Mineralization of Collagen. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004418. [PMID: 33711177 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Collagen mineralization is a biological process in many skeletal elements in the animal kingdom. Examples of these collagen-based skeletons are the siliceous spicules of glass sponges or the intrafibrillar hydroxyapatite platelets in vertebrates. The mineralization of collagen in vitro has gained interest for two reasons: understanding the processes behind bone formation and the synthesis of scaffolds for tissue engineering. In this paper, the efforts toward collagen mineralization in vitro are reviewed. First, general introduction toward collagen type I, the main component of the extracellular matrix in animals, is provided, followed by a brief overview of collagenous skeletons. Then, the in vitro mineralization of collagen is critically reviewed. Due to their biological abundance, hydroxyapatite and silica are the focus of this review. To a much lesser extent, also some efforts with other minerals are outlined. Combining all minerals and the suggested mechanisms for each mineral, a general mechanism for the intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen is proposed. This review concludes with an outlook for further improvement of collagen-based tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernette Maria Oosterlaken
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Paula Vena
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbertus de With
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, Eindhoven, MB, 5600, The Netherlands
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Lin Z, Tao Y, Huang Y, Xu T, Niu W. Applications of marine collagens in bone tissue engineering. Biomed Mater 2021; 16:042007. [PMID: 33793421 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abf0b6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For decades, collagen has been among the most widely used biomaterials with several biomedical applications. Recently, researchers have shown a keen interest in collagen obtained from marine sources because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, ease of extractability, safety, low immunogenicity, and low production costs. A wide variety of marine collagen-based scaffolds have been developed for bone tissue engineering, and these scaffolds display excellent biological effects. This review aims to provide an overview of the biological effects of marine collagen in bone engineering, such as promoting osteogenesis and collagen synthesis, inhibiting inflammation, inducing the differentiation of cartilage, and improving bone mineral density. Marine collagen holds great promise as a biomaterial in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006 Guangzhou, People's Republic of China. East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao 334000, People's Republic of China
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10
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Ahn T, Gidley DW, Thornton AW, Wong-Foy AG, Orr BG, Kozloff KM, Banaszak Holl MM. Hierarchical Nature of Nanoscale Porosity in Bone Revealed by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4321-4334. [PMID: 33619964 PMCID: PMC8176962 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a hierarchical material primarily composed of collagen, water, and mineral that is organized into discrete molecular, nano-, micro-, and macroscale structural components. In contrast to the structural knowledge of the collagen and mineral domains, the nanoscale porosity of bone is poorly understood. In this study, we introduce a well-established pore characterization technique, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), to probe the nanoscale size and distribution of each component domain by analyzing pore sizes inherent to hydrated bone together with pores generated by successive removal of water and then organic matrix (including collagen and noncollagenous proteins) from samples of cortical bovine femur. Combining the PALS results with simulated pore size distribution (PSD) results from collagen molecule and microfibril structure, we identify pores with diameter of 0.6 nm that suggest porosity within the collagen molecule regardless of the presence of mineral and water. We find that water occupies three larger domain size regions with nominal mean diameters of 1.1, 1.9, and 4.0 nm-spaces that are hypothesized to associate with intercollagen molecular spaces, terminal segments (d-spacing) within collagen microfibrils, and interface spacing between collagen and mineral structure, respectively. Subsequent removal of the organic matrix determines a structural pore size of 5-6 nm for deproteinized bone-suggesting the average spacing between mineral lamella. An independent method to deduce the average mineral spacing from specific surface area (SSA) measurements of the deproteinized sample is presented and compared with the PALS results. Together, the combined PALS and SSA results set a range on the mean mineral lamella thickness of 4-8 nm.
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11
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Ibrahim A, Magliulo N, Groben J, Padilla A, Akbik F, Abdel Hamid Z. Hardness, an Important Indicator of Bone Quality, and the Role of Collagen in Bone Hardness. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:jfb11040085. [PMID: 33271801 PMCID: PMC7712352 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a nanocomposite material where the hard inorganic (hydroxyapatite crystallites) and organic (collagen fibrils) components are hierarchically arranged in the nanometer scale. Bone quality is dependent on the spatial distributions in the shape, size and composition of bone constituents (mineral, collagen and water). Bone hardness is an important property of bone, which includes both elastic and plastic deformation. In this study, a microhardness test was performed on a deer bone samples. The deer tibia shaft (diaphysis) was divided into several cross-sections of equal thickness; samples were prepared in untreated, boiled water treatment (100 °C for 30 min) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) treatment conditions. Microhardness tests were performed on various regions of the tibial diaphysis to study the heterogeneous characteristics of bone microhardness and highlight the role of the organic matrix in bone hardness. The results indicated that boiled water treatment has a strong negative correlation with bone hardness. The untreated bone was significantly (+20%) harder than the boiled-water-treated bone. In general, the hardness values near the periosteal surface was significantly (23 to 45%) higher than the ones near the endosteal surface. Samples treated with NaOCl showed a significant reduction in hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ibrahim
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, New York, NY 11735, USA; (N.M.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicole Magliulo
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, New York, NY 11735, USA; (N.M.); (J.G.)
| | - James Groben
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, New York, NY 11735, USA; (N.M.); (J.G.)
| | - Ashley Padilla
- Biology Department, Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, New York, NY 11735, USA;
| | - Firas Akbik
- Chemistry Department, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA;
| | - Z. Abdel Hamid
- Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, Helwan 11421, Egypt;
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12
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Prada D, López G, Solleiro-Villavicencio H, Garcia-Cuellar C, Baccarelli AA. Molecular and cellular mechanisms linking air pollution and bone damage. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 185:109465. [PMID: 32305664 PMCID: PMC7430176 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is the second most important risk factor associated with noncommunicable diseases after smoking. The effects of pollution on health are commonly attributable to particulate matter (PM), a complex mixture of particles suspended in the air. PM can penetrate the lower respiratory tract and has harmful direct and indirect effects on different organs and tissues. Direct effects are caused by the ability of PM components to cross the respiratory membrane and enter the bloodstream; indirect effects are systemic consequences of the local airway response. Recent work suggests that PM is an independent risk factor for low bone mineral density and osteoporosis-related fractures. Osteoporosis is a common age-related disease closely linked to bone fractures, with severe clinical consequences affecting quality of life, morbidity, and mortality. In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms behind the association between outdoor air pollution, especially PM, and bone damage. The discussion features four main mechanisms: 1) several different atmospheric pollutants can induce low-grade systemic inflammation, which affects bone metabolism through a specific effect of cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 on osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function; 2) some pollutants, particularly certain gas and metal compounds, can cause oxidative damage in the airway and bone cells; 3) different groups of pollutants can act as endocrine disruptors when binding to the receptors in bone cells, changing their functioning; and 4) air pollution can directly and indirectly cause vitamin D deficiency. Characterizing these mechanisms will better define the physiopathology of bone damage, and recognizing air pollution as a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis will inform environmental policies. Such knowledge will also guide the prevention of fractures due to fragility and help reduce health-related costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diddier Prada
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, 10032, USA; Unit for Biomedical Research in Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Gerard López
- Program of Support and Promotion of Research (AFINES), School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Department of Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico.
| | - Helena Solleiro-Villavicencio
- Program of Support and Promotion of Research (AFINES), School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Garcia-Cuellar
- Unit for Biomedical Research in Cancer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico.
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, 10032, USA.
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13
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Xi L, De Falco P, Barbieri E, Karunaratne A, Bentley L, Esapa CT, Davis GR, Terrill NJ, Cox RD, Pugno NM, Thakker RV, Weinkamer R, Wu WW, Fang DN, Gupta HS. Reduction of fibrillar strain-rate sensitivity in steroid-induced osteoporosis linked to changes in mineralized fibrillar nanostructure. Bone 2020; 131:115111. [PMID: 31726107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
As bone is used in a dynamic mechanical environment, understanding the structural origins of its time-dependent mechanical behaviour - and the alterations in metabolic bone disease - is of interest. However, at the scale of the mineralized fibrillar matrix (nanometre-level), the nature of the strain-rate dependent mechanics is incompletely understood. Here, we investigate the fibrillar- and mineral-deformation behaviour in a murine model of Cushing's syndrome, used to understand steroid induced osteoporosis, using synchrotron small- and wide-angle scattering/diffraction combined with in situ tensile testing at three strain rates ranging from 10-4 to 10-1 s-1. We find that the effective fibril- and mineral-modulus and fibrillar-reorientation show no significant increase with strain-rate in osteoporotic bone, but increase significantly in normal (wild-type) bone. By applying a fibril-lamellar two-level structural model of bone matrix deformation to fit the results, we obtain indications that altered collagen-mineral interactions at the nanoscale - along with altered fibrillar orientation distributions - may be the underlying reason for this altered strain-rate sensitivity. Our results suggest that an altered strain-rate sensitivity of the bone matrix in osteoporosis may be one of the contributing factors to reduced mechanical competence in such metabolic bone disorders, and that increasing this sensitivity may improve biomechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Xi
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - P De Falco
- School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK; Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - E Barbieri
- School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK; Department of Mathematical Science and Advanced Technology (MAT), Yokohama Institute for Earth Sciences (YES) 3173-25, Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-city, Japan.
| | - A Karunaratne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka.
| | - L Bentley
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0RD, UK.
| | - C T Esapa
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0RD, UK; Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7JL, UK.
| | - G R Davis
- Dental Physical Sciences Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - N J Terrill
- Beamline I22, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - R D Cox
- MRC Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0RD, UK.
| | - N M Pugno
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired & Graphene Nanomechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, 38123, Trento, Italy; School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK; Ket Lab, Edoardo Amaldi Foundation, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - R V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7JL, UK.
| | - R Weinkamer
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, D-14424 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - W W Wu
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - D N Fang
- Institute of Advanced Structure Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - H S Gupta
- School of Engineering and Material Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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14
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Lefèvre E, Farlay D, Bala Y, Subtil F, Wolfram U, Rizzo S, Baron C, Zysset P, Pithioux M, Follet H. Compositional and mechanical properties of growing cortical bone tissue: a study of the human fibula. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17629. [PMID: 31772277 PMCID: PMC6879611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cortical bone contains two types of tissue: osteonal and interstitial tissue. Growing bone is not well-known in terms of its intrinsic material properties. To date, distinctions between the mechanical properties of osteonal and interstitial regions have not been investigated in juvenile bone and compared to adult bone in a combined dataset. In this work, cortical bone samples obtained from fibulae of 13 juveniles patients (4 to 18 years old) during corrective surgery and from 17 adult donors (50 to 95 years old) were analyzed. Microindentation was used to assess the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, quantitative microradiography was used to measure the degree of bone mineralization (DMB), and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy was used to evaluate the physicochemical modifications of bone composition (organic versus mineral matrix). Juvenile and adult osteonal and interstitial regions were analyzed for DMB, crystallinity, mineral to organic matrix ratio, mineral maturity, collagen maturity, carbonation, indentation modulus, indicators of yield strain and tissue ductility using a mixed model. We found that the intrinsic properties of the juvenile bone were not all inferior to those of the adult bone. Mechanical properties were also differently explained in juvenile and adult groups. The study shows that different intrinsic properties should be used in case of juvenile bone investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Lefèvre
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, ISM Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Institute for Locomotion, APHM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Farlay
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, Lyos UMR1033, F69622, Lyon, France
| | - Yohann Bala
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, Lyos UMR1033, F69622, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire Vibrations Acoustique, INSA Lyon, Campus LyonTech la Doua, F69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Fabien Subtil
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Equipe Biostatistique Santé - LBBE, F69003, Lyon, France
| | - Uwe Wolfram
- School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Rizzo
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, Lyos UMR1033, F69622, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Baron
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, ISM Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Institute for Locomotion, APHM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Zysset
- ARTORG Center for biomedical engineering research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martine Pithioux
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, ISM Inst Movement Sci, Marseille, France.,Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Institute for Locomotion, APHM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Hélène Follet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, Lyos UMR1033, F69622, Lyon, France.
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15
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Raguin E, Drapeau MSM. Relation between cross-sectional bone geometry and double zonal osteon frequency and morphology. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 171:598-612. [PMID: 31675105 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While double-zonal osteons (DZ) are characterized by a hyper-mineralized ring inside their lamellae, recent findings suggest that this ring is also defined by a change in the collagen fibers' orientation. Collagen and minerals are essential components to the maintenance of adequate bone strength and their alteration can modify the mechanical properties of the bone tissue. Consequently, the aim of this study is to explore the effect of past loads, as estimated from cross-sectional geometric properties, on the formation of DZ osteons compared to type I (common) osteons. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample consists of paired humerus and femur midshaft sections (n = 23) of Eurocanadian settlers from the historical St. Matthew cemetery, Quebec City (1771-1860). Histomorphometric variables included in this study are osteon density for DZ and type I osteons (DZD; OPD), osteon area (DZOn.Ar; On. Ar), Haversian canal area (DZH.Ar; H.Ar), and the area within the hypermineralized ring (HR. Ar). Loading history is estimated from cross-sectional properties including the following variable: cortical and total area (CA, TA), maximum and minimum second moment of area (Imax , Imin ) and polar moment of area (J). RESULTS When the humerus and femur of the same individuals are compared, the femur has a higher OPD, DZD, and relative DZD (DZD/OPD). DZ osteons have a smaller area and Haversian canal area compared to type I osteons. The area within the hypermineralized ring in DZ is higher than the Haversian canal area of the type I osteons. Correlations between the residual scores of the regression of histomorphometric variables and cross-sectional properties of the humerus on the femur were not significant. DISCUSSION Based on the analysis of the entire cross-section, the lack of correlation between variations in cross-sectional properties and remodeling combined with the significant differences between humeri and femura suggests that the creation of DZ or type I osteons in the bone tissue might be due to a bone specific response, possibly related to differences in bone tissue age that needs to be further investigated. Definitive conclusion regarding biomechanical loads still seem to be premature as regional variations associated with mechanical properties remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Raguin
- Département d'anthropologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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16
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Chahal S, Kumar A, Hussian FSJ. Development of biomimetic electrospun polymeric biomaterials for bone tissue engineering. A review. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:1308-1355. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1630699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Chahal
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Espoo, Finland
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17
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Semaan M, Karam E, Baron C, Pithioux M. Estimation of the elastic modulus of child cortical bone specimens via microindentation. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:399-405. [PMID: 30646770 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2019.1570170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Non-pathological child cortical bone (NPCCB) studies can provide clinicians with vital information and insights. However, assessing the anisotropic elastic properties of NPCCB remains a challenge for the biomechanical engineering community. For the first time, this paper provides elastic moduli values for NPCCB specimens in two perpendicular directions (longitudinal and transverse) and for two different structural components of bone tissue (osteon and interstitial lamellae). Materials and Methods: Microindentation is one of the reference methods used to measure bone stiffness. Here, 8 adult femurs (mean age 82 ± 8.9 years), 3 child femurs (mean age 13.3 ± 2.1 years), and 16 child fibulae (mean age 10.2 ± 3.9 years) were used to assess the elastic moduli of adult and child bones by microindentation. Results: For adult specimens, the mean moduli measured in this study are 18.1 (2.6) GPa for osteons, 21.3 (2.3) GPa for interstitial lamellae, and 13.8 (1.7) GPa in the transverse direction. For child femur specimens, the mean modulus is 14.1 (0.8) GPa for osteons, lower than that for interstitial lamellae: 15.5 (1.5) GPa. The mean modulus is 11.8 (0.7) GPa in the transverse direction. Child fibula specimens show a higher elastic modulus for interstitial lamellae 15.8 (1.5) than for osteons 13.5 (1.6), with 10.2 (1) GPa in the transverse direction. Conclusion: For the first time, NPCCB elastic modulus values are provided in longitudinal and transverse directions at the microscale level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Semaan
- a Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci , Marseille , France.,b Faculty of Engineering , University of Balamand , Al Kurah , Lebanon.,c APHM, CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology , , Marseille , France
| | - Elie Karam
- b Faculty of Engineering , University of Balamand , Al Kurah , Lebanon
| | - Cécile Baron
- a Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci , Marseille , France.,c APHM, CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology , , Marseille , France
| | - Martine Pithioux
- a Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci , Marseille , France.,c APHM, CNRS, ISM, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Institute for Locomotion, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology , , Marseille , France
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18
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Human Enriched Serum Following Hydrolysed Collagen Absorption Modulates Bone Cell Activity: from Bedside to Bench and Vice Versa. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061249. [PMID: 31159319 PMCID: PMC6627680 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Collagen proteins are crucial components of the bone matrix. Since collagen-derived products are widely used in the food and supplement industry, one may raise the question whether collagen-enriched diets can provide benefits for the skeleton. In this study, we designed an innovative approach to investigate this question taking into account the metabolites that are formed by the digestive tract and appear in the circulation after ingestion of hydrolysed collagen. Blood samples collected in clinical and pre-clinical trials following ingestion and absorption of hydrolysed collagen were processed and applied on bone-related primary cell cultures. This original ex vivo methodology revealed that hydrolysed collagen-enriched serum had a direct impact on the behaviour of cells from both human and mouse origin that was not observed with controls (bovine serum albumin or hydrolysed casein-enriched serum). These ex vivo findings were fully in line with in vivo results obtained from a mouse model of post-menopausal osteoporosis. A significant reduction of bone loss was observed in mice supplemented with hydrolysed collagen compared to a control protein. Both the modulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activity observed upon incubation with human or mouse serum ex vivo and the attenuation of bone loss in vivo, clearly indicates that the benefits of hydrolysed collagen for osteoporosis prevention go beyond the effect of a simple protein supplementation.
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19
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Attia T, Grynpas M, Willett T. Ribose pre-treatment can protect the fatigue life of γ-irradiation sterilized bone. Cell Tissue Bank 2019; 20:287-295. [PMID: 31020508 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-019-09767-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Structural bone allografts are often sterilized with γ-irradiation to decrease infection risk, which unfortunately degrades the bone collagen connectivity, making the bone weak and brittle. In previous studies, we successfully protected the quasi-static mechanical properties of human cortical bone by pre-treating with ribose, prior to irradiation. This study focused on the quasi-static and fatigue tensile properties of ribose treated irradiated sterilized bone allografts. Seventy-five samples were cut from the mid-shaft diaphysis of human femurs into standardized dog-bone shape geometries for quasi-static and fatigue tensile testing. Specimens were prepared in sets of three adjacent specimens. Each set was made of a normal (N), irradiated (I) and ribose pre-treated + irradiation (R) group. The R group was incubated in a 1.2 M ribose solution before γ-irradiation. The quasi-static tensile and decalcified tests were conducted to failure under displacement control. The fatigue samples were tested under cyclic loading (10 Hz, peak stress of 45MP, minimum-to-maximum stress ratio of 0.1) until failure or reaching 10 million cycles. Ribose pre-treatment significantly improved significantly the mechanical properties of irradiation sterilized human bone in the quasi-static tensile and decalcified tests. The fatigue life of the irradiated group was impaired by 99% in comparison to the normal control. Surprisingly, the R-group has significantly superior properties over the I-group and N-group (p < 0.01, p < 0.05) (> 100%). This study shows that incubating human cortical bone in a ribose solution prior to irradiation can indeed improve the fatigue life of irradiation-sterilized cortical bone allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Attia
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Mount Sinai Hospital - Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marc Grynpas
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Mount Sinai Hospital - Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas Willett
- Composite Biomaterial Systems Laboratory, Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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20
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Awasthi A, Sharma R, Ghosh R. Monte Carlo type Simulations of Mineralized Collagen Fibril based on Two Scale Asymptotic Homogenization. J Biomech Eng 2019; 141:2720657. [PMID: 30615067 DOI: 10.1115/1.4042439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A multi-scale model for mineralized collagen fibril is proposed by taking into account the uncertainties associated with the geometrical properties of mineral phase and its distribution in the organic matrix. The asymptotic homogenization approach along with periodic boundary conditions has been used to derive the effective elastic moduli at two hierarchical length scales, namely: microfibril and mineralized collagen fibril. The uncertainties associated with the mineral plates have been directly included in the finite element mesh by randomly varying their sizes. A total 100 realizations for mineralized collagen fibril model with random distribution have been generated using an in-house MATLAB® code and Monte-Carlo type simulations have been performed under tension load to obtain the statistical equivalent modulus. The deformation response has been studied in both small (= 10%) and large (= 10%) strain regimes. The stress transformation mechanism has also been explored in microfibril which showed stress relaxation in the organic phase upon different stages of mineralization. The elastic moduli for microfibril under small and large strain have been obtained as 1.88 and 6.102 GPa, respectively, and have been used as input for upper scale homogenization procedure. Finally, the characteristic longitudinal moduli of the mineralized collagen fibril in the small and large strain regimes are obtained as 4.08 ± 0.062 and 12.93 ± 0.148 GPa, respectively. All the results are in good agreement to those obtained from previous experiments and molecular dynamics simulations in the literature with a significant reduction in the computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Awasthi
- MS Scholar, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand - 175005, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajneesh Sharma
- Assistant Professor, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand - 175005, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Ghosh
- Assistant Professor, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand - 175005, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
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21
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Serrano MP, Gambín P, Landete-Castillejos T, García A, Cappelli J, Pérez-Barbería FJ, Gómez JA, Gallego L. Effects of Mn supplementation in late-gestating and lactating red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) on milk production, milk composition, and calf growth. J Anim Sci 2018. [PMID: 29518225 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the effects of Mn supplementation of 20 late-gestating and lactating Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) females (hinds) fed a balanced diet on milk production and milk composition over the lactation period. Body weight of their calves at birth and at weaning was also evaluated. In addition, the effect of lactation stage was studied. For these purposes, 2 groups of hinds, one composed by 12 individuals (experimental) and the other by 8 individuals (control) were compared. Experimental hinds were s.c. injected weekly with Mn (2 mg Mn/kg BW) from day 140 of gestation until the end of lactation (week 18; forced weaning by physical separation). Control hinds were injected with a physiological saline solution with the same volume and at the same frequency as the experimental group. Serum Mn content of hinds was assessed just before the first Mn injection and at week 10 of lactation to assess whether the injected Mn increased Mn concentrations in blood. No differences were observed for BW of calves at birth but calves whose mothers were injected with Mn tended (P = 0.07) to have greater gain of BW from birth to weaning in proportion of BW at birth compared to calves from control hinds. In addition, supplementation with Mn increased (P ≤ 0.05) daily milk production by 10.2%, milk fat content by 11.2%, and total fat yield by 17.8%. Also, milk from hinds supplemented with Mn had more Ca (P < 0.001) and P (P < 0.05) than milk from control hinds. Manganese supplementation did not influence Mn serum content when blood was analyzed at week 10 of lactation, but increased the Mn content of milk by 18.3% (P < 0.001). Lactation stage affected (P < 0.001) fat, protein, lactose, and DM. Their contents increased as lactation proceeded, and protein was substituted by fat. Therefore, results suggest that Mn supplementation of hinds is recommended, even when they are fed a balanced diet, to increase milk production and the content of fat, Ca, P, and Mn of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Serrano
- Animal Science Techniques Applied to Wildlife Management Research Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - P Gambín
- Animal Science Techniques Applied to Wildlife Management Research Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - T Landete-Castillejos
- Animal Science Techniques Applied to Wildlife Management Research Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - A García
- Animal Science Techniques Applied to Wildlife Management Research Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - J Cappelli
- Animal Science Techniques Applied to Wildlife Management Research Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - F J Pérez-Barbería
- Animal Science Techniques Applied to Wildlife Management Research Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - J A Gómez
- Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - L Gallego
- Animal Science Techniques Applied to Wildlife Management Research Group, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Sección de Recursos Cinegéticos y Ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
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22
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Zhang L, Zhang S, Song H, Li B. Effect of Collagen Hydrolysates from Silver Carp Skin ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) on Osteoporosis in Chronologically Aged Mice: Increasing Bone Remodeling. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101434. [PMID: 30287779 PMCID: PMC6212965 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common skeletal disorder in humans and gelatin hydrolysates from mammals have been reported to improve osteoporosis. In this study, 13-month-old mice were used to evaluate the effects of collagen hydrolysates (CHs) from silver carp skin on osteoporosis. No significant differences were observed in mice body weight, spleen or thymus indices after daily intake of antioxidant collagen hydrolysates (ACH; 200 mg/kg body weight (bw) (LACH), 400 mg/kg bw (MACH), 800 mg/kg bw (HACH)), collagenase hydrolyzed collagen hydrolysates (CCH) or proline (400 mg/kg body weight) for eight weeks, respectively. ACH tended to improve bone mineral density, increase bone hydroxyproline content, enhance alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level and reduce tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b) activity in serum, with significant differences observed between the MACH and model groups (p < 0.05). ACH exerted a better effect on osteoporosis than CCH at the identical dose, whereas proline had no significant effect on repairing osteoporosis compared to the model group. Western blotting results demonstrated that CHs mainly increased bone remodeling by stimulating the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad signaling pathway and improving the interaction between collagen and α2β1 integrin. The results indicated that CHs from fish could be applied to alleviate osteoporosis or treat bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Hongdong Song
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Beijing 100083, China.
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23
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Aurégan JC, Bosser C, Bensidhoum M, Bégué T, Hoc T. Correlation between skin and bone parameters in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: A systematic review. EFORT Open Rev 2018; 3:449-460. [PMID: 30237903 PMCID: PMC6134882 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.160088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin and bone share similarities in terms of biochemical composition.Some authors have hypothesized that their properties could evolve concomitantly with age, allowing the estimation of the parameters of one from those of the other.We performed a systematic review of studies reporting the correlation between skin and bone parameters in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis.Fourteen studies - including 1974 patients - were included in the review.Three of these studies included two groups of participants - osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic - in order to compare skin parameters between them: two studies found a significant difference between the two groups and one did not.Eleven of these studies included one population of interest and compared its skin and bone parameters in a continuous manner: eight studies compared dermal thickness to bone mineral density (seven found a significant correlation [R = 0.19-0.486] and one did not); two studies compared skin elasticity to bone mineral density (both found a significant correlation [R = 0.44-0.57); and one study compared skin collagen to bone mineral density and found a significant correlation (R = 0.587).It can be assumed that the estimation of skin alterations from ageing could help in estimating concomitant bone alterations. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:449-460. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.160088.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Aurégan
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Antoine Béclère Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Sud University, France
- Laboratory of Tribology and System Dynamics, Ecole Centrale Lyon, France
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Bioimagery for Bone and Articulation, Paris-Diderot University, France
| | - Catherine Bosser
- Laboratory of Tribology and System Dynamics, Ecole Centrale Lyon, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Bioimagery for Bone and Articulation, Paris-Diderot University, France
| | - Thierry Bégué
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Antoine Béclère Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Sud University, France
| | - Thierry Hoc
- Laboratory of Tribology and System Dynamics, Ecole Centrale Lyon, France
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24
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Vieites F, Drosghic L, Souza C, Lima C, Moraes G, Nunes R, Vasconcellos C, Vargas Júnior J. 1,25-dihidroxivitamina-D 3 sobre as características ósseas de frangos de corte fêmeas. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar as características dos tibiotarsos de frangos de corte fêmeas. As variáveis analisadas foram os pesos in natura, secos e desengordurados, o comprimento, os diâmetros, a resistência óssea, o índice de Seedor (IS), os percentuais de proteínas colagenosas (PC), as proteínas não colagenosas (PNC), os minerais (cálcio, fósforo, potássio e sódio) e as cinzas. Foram utilizadas 648 aves, da marca comercial Cobb®, em um delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com seis tratamentos e seis repetições, com 18 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram na suplementação de 0,00; 0,50; 1,00; 1,50; 2,00 e 2,50 μg de 1,25-dihidroxivitamina-D3 (1,25(OH)2D3)/kg de ração. Aos 21 e 35 dias de idade, as aves foram pesadas e uma ave por unidade experimental (UE) com o peso médio da UE foi eutanasiada para a obtenção dos tibiotarsos e subsequente análise dos parâmetros ósseos. As variáveis métricas, bem como a composição orgânica (PC), a densidade (IS) e a resistência à quebra dos ossos das aves, não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos. No recebimento de 2,50 µg de 1,25(OH)2D3/kg de ração, observou-se maior retenção mineral (cinzas) nos ossos das aves aos 35 dias de idade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - C.A.R. Lima
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - R.V. Nunes
- Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Brazil
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25
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Bartlow CM, Oest ME, Mann KA, Zimmerman ND, Butt BB, Damron TA. PTH(1-34) and zoledronic acid have differing longitudinal effects on juvenile mouse femur strength and morphology. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:1707-1715. [PMID: 27653318 PMCID: PMC5489362 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of secondary pediatric osteoporosis-particularly that due to chronic diseases, immobilization, and necessary medical treatments-is currently limited by a poor understanding of the long-term efficacy and safety of skeletal metabolism modifying drugs. This study aimed to characterize longitudinal effects of representative anabolic (parathyroid hormone, PTH) and anti-catabolic (zoledronic acid, ZA) drugs on skeletal morphology, mechanical strength, and growth in juvenile mice. BALB/cJ mice aged 4 weeks were given PTH(1-34) or vehicle (control) daily for 8 weeks, or 4 weekly doses of ZA, and evaluated at time points 0-26 weeks after treatment initiation. There were no enduring differences in body length or mass between treatment groups. ZA increased femur size as early as week 0, including increased distal femur bone volume and diaphyseal cross-sectional area, persisting through week 26. PTH treatment only transiently increased bone size, including distal femur volume at weeks 4-12. ZA decreased diaphyseal cortical tissue mineral density (TMD) at 12-26 weeks versus controls; PTH decreased TMD only at 2 weeks (vs. controls). ZA increased bending strength at 0-12 weeks and flexural strength at week 4 (vs. controls), but decreased flexural strength and modulus at week 26. PTH treatment increased bending strength only at 4 weeks, and did not affect flexural strength. Overall, ZA rapidly and persistently increased femur strength and size, but compromised bone material quality long-term. In healthy juvenile mice, limited-duration PTH treatment did not exert a strong anabolic effect, and had no adverse effects on femur strength, morphology, or growth. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:1707-1715, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Bartlow
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York
| | - Megan E Oest
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York
| | - Kenneth A Mann
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York
| | - Nicholas D Zimmerman
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York
| | - Bilal B Butt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York
| | - Timothy A Damron
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York
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26
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Cai X, Peralta L, Giron A, Helfen L, Olivier C, Peyrin F, Laugier P, Grimal Q. Cortical bone elasticity measured by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy is not altered by defatting and synchrotron X-ray imaging. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 72:241-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Mustansar Z, McDonald SA, Sellers WI, Manning PL, Lowe T, Withers PJ, Margetts L. A study of the progression of damage in an axially loaded Branta leucopsis femur using X-ray computed tomography and digital image correlation. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3416. [PMID: 28652932 PMCID: PMC5483328 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper uses X-ray computed tomography to track the mechanical response of a vertebrate (Barnacle goose) long bone subjected to an axial compressive load, which is increased gradually until failure. A loading rig was mounted in an X-ray computed tomography system so that a time-lapse sequence of three-dimensional (3D) images of the bone’s internal (cancellous or trabecular) structure could be recorded during loading. Five distinct types of deformation mechanism were observed in the cancellous part of the bone. These were (i) cracking, (ii) thinning (iii) tearing of cell walls and struts, (iv) notch formation, (v) necking and (vi) buckling. The results highlight that bone experiences brittle (notch formation and cracking), ductile (thinning, tearing and necking) and elastic (buckling) modes of deformation. Progressive deformation, leading to cracking was studied in detail using digital image correlation. The resulting strain maps were consistent with mechanisms occurring at a finer-length scale. This paper is the first to capture time-lapse 3D images of a whole long bone subject to loading until failure. The results serve as a unique reference for researchers interested in how bone responds to loading. For those using computer modelling, the study not only provides qualitative information for verification and validation of their simulations but also highlights that constitutive models for bone need to take into account a number of different deformation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zartasha Mustansar
- Research Centre for Modelling and Simulation, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.,School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Phillip Lars Manning
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Tristan Lowe
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Lee Margetts
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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28
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Daneault A, Prawitt J, Fabien Soulé V, Coxam V, Wittrant Y. Biological effect of hydrolyzed collagen on bone metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1922-1937. [PMID: 25976422 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1038377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic and asymptomatic disease characterized by low bone mass and skeletal microarchitectural deterioration, increased risk of fracture, and associated comorbidities most prevalent in the elderly. Due to an increasingly aging population, osteoporosis has become a major health issue requiring innovative disease management. Proteins are important for bone by providing building blocks and by exerting specific regulatory function. This is why adequate protein intake plays a considerable role in both bone development and bone maintenance. More specifically, since an increase in the overall metabolism of collagen can lead to severe dysfunctions and a more fragile bone matrix and because orally administered collagen can be digested in the gut, cross the intestinal barrier, enter the circulation, and become available for metabolic processes in the target tissues, one may speculate that a collagen-enriched diet provides benefits for the skeleton. Collagen-derived products such as gelatin or hydrolyzed collagen (HC) are well acknowledged for their safety from a nutritional point of view; however, what is their impact on bone biology? In this manuscript, we critically review the evidence from literature for an effect of HC on bone tissues in order to determine whether HC may represent a relevant alternative in the design of future nutritional approaches to manage osteoporosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Daneault
- a INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand , France.,b Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine , Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | | | | | - Véronique Coxam
- a INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand , France.,b Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine , Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- a INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand , France.,b Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine , Clermont-Ferrand , France
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29
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Aref MW, McNerny EMB, Brown D, Jepsen KJ, Allen MR. Zoledronate treatment has different effects in mouse strains with contrasting baseline bone mechanical phenotypes. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:3637-3643. [PMID: 27439372 PMCID: PMC5543625 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Two strains of mice with distinct bone morphologies and mechanical properties were treated with zoledronate. Our results show a different response to drug treatment in the two strains providing evidence that baseline properties of structure/material may influence response to zoledronate. INTRODUCTION Bisphosphonates are highly effective in reducing fracture risk, yet some individuals treated with these agents still experience fracture. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that genotype influences the effect of zoledronate on bone mechanical properties. METHODS Skeletally mature male mice from genetic backgrounds known to have distinct baseline post-yield properties (C57/B6, high post-yield displacement; A/J, low post-yield displacement) were treated for 8 weeks with saline (VEH) or zoledronate (ZOL, 0.06 mg/kg subcutaneously once every 4 weeks) in a 2 × 2 study design. Ex vivo μCT and mechanical testing (4-pt bending) were conducted on the femur to assess morphological and mechanical differences. RESULTS Significant drug and/or genotype effects were found for several mechanical properties and significant drug × genotype interactions were found for measures of strength (ultimate force) and brittleness (total displacement, strain to failure). Treatment with ZOL affected bone biomechanical measures of brittleness (total displacement (-25 %) and strain to failure (-23 %)) in B6 mice significantly differently than in A/J mice. This was driven by unique drug × genotype effects on bone geometry in B6 animals yet likely also reflected changes to the tissue properties. CONCLUSION These data may support the concept that properties of the bone geometry and/or tissue at the time of treatment initiation play a role in determining the bone's mechanical response to zoledronate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Aref
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, MS 5035, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - E M B McNerny
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, MS 5035, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - D Brown
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, MS 5035, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - K J Jepsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M R Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, MS 5035, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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30
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Qwamizadeh M, Zhang Z, Zhou K, Zhang YW. Protein viscosity, mineral fraction and staggered architecture cooperatively enable the fastest stress wave decay in load-bearing biological materials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 60:339-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Osterhoff G, Morgan EF, Shefelbine SJ, Karim L, McNamara LM, Augat P. Bone mechanical properties and changes with osteoporosis. Injury 2016; 47 Suppl 2:S11-20. [PMID: 27338221 PMCID: PMC4955555 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(16)47003-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review will define the role of collagen and within-bone heterogeneity and elaborate the importance of trabecular and cortical architecture with regard to their effect on the mechanical strength of bone. For each of these factors, the changes seen with osteoporosis and ageing will be described and how they can compromise strength and eventually lead to bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Osterhoff
- Division of Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elise F. Morgan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sandra J. Shefelbine
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lamya Karim
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Laoise M. McNamara
- Centre for Biomechanics Research (BMEC), Department of Biomedical Engineering, NUI Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland,National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science (NCBES), NUI Galway, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Peter Augat
- Institute of Biomechanics, Trauma Center Murnau, Murnau, Germany and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria,Corresponding author at: Institute of Biomechanics, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Unfallklinik, Murnau Prof.-Kuentscher-Str. 8, D-82418 Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany. Tel.: +49 8841 484563; fax: +49 8841 484573. (P. Augat)
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32
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Wang ZX, Lloyd AA, Burket JC, Gourion-Arsiquaud S, Donnelly E. Altered distributions of bone tissue mineral and collagen properties in women with fragility fractures. Bone 2016; 84:237-244. [PMID: 26780445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity of bone tissue properties is emerging as a potential indicator of altered bone quality in pathologic tissue. The objective of this study was to compare the distributions of tissue properties in women with and without histories of fragility fractures using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging. We extended a prior study that examined the relationship of the mean FTIR properties to fracture risk by analyzing in detail the widths and the tails of the distributions of FTIR properties in biopsies from fracture and non-fracture cohorts. The mineral and matrix properties of cortical and trabecular iliac crest tissue were compared in biopsies from women with a history of fragility fracture (+Fx; n=21, age: mean 54±SD 15y) and with no history of fragility fracture (-Fx; n=12, age: 57±5y). A subset of the patients included in the -Fx group were taking estrogen-plus-progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (-Fx+HRT n=8, age: 58±5y) and were analyzed separately from patients with no history of HRT (-Fx-HRT n=4, age: 56±7y). When the FTIR parameter mean values were examined by treatment group, the trabecular tissue of -Fx-HRT patients had a lower mineral:matrix ratio (M:M) and collagen maturity (XLR) than that of -Fx+HRT patients (-22% M:M, -18% XLR) and +Fx patients (-17% M:M, -18% XLR). Across multiple FTIR parameters, tissue from the -Fx-HRT group had smaller low-tail (5th percentile) values than that from the -Fx+HRT or +Fx groups. In trabecular collagen maturity and crystallinity (XST), the -Fx-HRT group had smaller low-tail values than those in the -Fx+HRT group (-16% XLR, -5% XST) and the +Fx group (-17% XLR, -7% XST). The relatively low values of trabecular mineral:matrix ratio and collagen maturity and smaller low-tail values of collagen maturity and crystallinity observed in the -Fx-HRT group are characteristic of younger tissue. Taken together, our data suggest that the presence of newly formed tissue that includes small/imperfect crystals and immature crosslinks, as well as moderately mature tissue, is an important characteristic of healthy, fracture-resistant bone. Finally, the larger mean and low-tail values of mineral:matrix ratio and collagen maturity noted in our -Fx+HRT vs. -Fx-HRT biopsies are consistent with greater tissue age and greater BMD arising from decreased osteoclastic resorption in HRT-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ashley A Lloyd
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jayme C Burket
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Eve Donnelly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States.
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33
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Jin DSC, Chu CH, Chen JC. Trabecular Bone Morphological Analysis for Preclinical Osteoporosis Application Using Micro Computed Tomography Scanner. J Med Biol Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40846-016-0109-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Witten PE, Owen MAG, Fontanillas R, Soenens M, McGurk C, Obach A. A primary phosphorus-deficient skeletal phenotype in juvenile Atlantic salmon Salmo salar: the uncoupling of bone formation and mineralization. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 88:690-708. [PMID: 26707938 PMCID: PMC4784172 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
To understand the effect of low dietary phosphorus (P) intake on the vertebral column of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, a primary P deficiency was induced in post-smolts. The dietary P provision was reduced by 50% for a period of 10 weeks under controlled conditions. The animal's skeleton was subsequently analysed by radiology, histological examination, histochemical detection of minerals in bones and scales and chemical mineral analysis. This is the first account of how a primary P deficiency affects the skeleton in S. salar at the cellular and at the micro-anatomical level. Animals that received the P-deficient diet displayed known signs of P deficiency including reduced growth and soft, pliable opercula. Bone and scale mineral content decreased by c. 50%. On radiographs, vertebral bodies appear small, undersized and with enlarged intervertebral spaces. Contrary to the X-ray-based diagnosis, the histological examination revealed that vertebral bodies had a regular size and regular internal bone structures; intervertebral spaces were not enlarged. Bone matrix formation was continuous and uninterrupted, albeit without traces of mineralization. Likewise, scale growth continues with regular annuli formation, but new scale matrix remains without minerals. The 10 week long experiment generated a homogeneous osteomalacia of vertebral bodies without apparent induction of skeletal malformations. The experiment shows that bone formation and bone mineralization are, to a large degree, independent processes in the fish examined. Therefore, a deficit in mineralization must not be the only cause of the alterations of the vertebral bone structure observed in farmed S. salar. It is discussed how the observed uncoupling of bone formation and mineralization helps to better diagnose, understand and prevent P deficiency-related malformations in farmed S. salar.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Witten
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M A G Owen
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, P. O. Box 48, N-4001, Stavanger, Norway
| | - R Fontanillas
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, P. O. Box 48, N-4001, Stavanger, Norway
| | - M Soenens
- Ghent University, Department of Biology, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C McGurk
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, P. O. Box 48, N-4001, Stavanger, Norway
| | - A Obach
- Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, P. O. Box 48, N-4001, Stavanger, Norway
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Lefèvre E, Lasaygues P, Baron C, Payan C, Follet H, Pithioux M. Ultrasonic assessment of diagonal stiffness coefficients in children cortical bone. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2015; 18 Suppl 1:1978-9. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2015.1070587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Lefèvre
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France
- APHM, Institute for Locomotion, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - P. Lasaygues
- Laboratory of Mechanics and Acoustics, UPR CNRS 7051, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - C. Baron
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France
- APHM, Institute for Locomotion, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - C. Payan
- Laboratory of Mechanics and Acoustics, UPR CNRS 7051, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - H. Follet
- INSERM, UMR 1033, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M. Pithioux
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France
- APHM, Institute for Locomotion, Sainte-Marguerite Hospital, Marseille, France
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Lefèvre E, Lasaygues P, Baron C, Payan C, Launay F, Follet H, Pithioux M. Analyzing the anisotropic Hooke׳s law for children׳s cortical bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 49:370-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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McNerny EMB, Gong B, Morris MD, Kohn DH. Bone fracture toughness and strength correlate with collagen cross-link maturity in a dose-controlled lathyrism mouse model. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:455-64. [PMID: 25213475 PMCID: PMC4333018 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Collagen cross-linking is altered in many diseases of bone, and enzymatic collagen cross-links are important to bone quality, as evidenced by losses of strength after lysyl oxidase inhibition (lathyrism). We hypothesized that cross-links also contribute directly to bone fracture toughness. A mouse model of lathyrism using subcutaneous injection of up to 500 mg/kg β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) was developed and characterized (60 animals across 4 dosage groups). Three weeks of 150 or 350 mg/kg BAPN treatment in young, growing mice significantly reduced cortical bone fracture toughness, strength, and pyridinoline cross-link content. Ratios reflecting relative cross-link maturity were positive regressors of fracture toughness (HP/[DHLNL + HLNL] r(2) = 0.208, p < 0.05; [HP + LP]/[DHNL + HLNL] r(2) = 0.196, p < 0.1), whereas quantities of mature pyridinoline cross-links were significant positive regressors of tissue strength (lysyl pyridinoline r(2) = 0.159, p = 0.014; hydroxylysyl pyridinoline r(2) = 0.112, p < 0.05). Immature and pyrrole cross-links, which were not significantly reduced by BAPN, did not correlate with mechanical properties. The effect of BAPN treatment on mechanical properties was dose specific, with the greatest impact found at the intermediate (350 mg/kg) dose. Calcein labeling was used to define locations of new bone formation, allowing for the identification of regions of normally cross-linked (preexisting) and BAPN-treated (newly formed, cross-link-deficient) bone. Raman spectroscopy revealed spatial differences attributable to relative tissue age and effects of cross-link inhibition. Newly deposited tissues had lower mineral/matrix, carbonate/phosphate, and Amide I cross-link (matrix maturity) ratios compared with preexisting tissues. BAPN treatment did not affect mineral measures but significantly increased the cross-link (matrix maturity) ratio compared with newly formed control tissue. Our study reveals that spatially localized effects of short-term BAPN cross-link inhibition can alter the whole-bone collagen cross-link profile to a measureable degree, and this cross-link profile correlates with bone fracture toughness and strength. Thus, cross-link profile perturbations associated with bone disease may provide insight into bone mechanical quality and fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. B. McNerny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan, MI USA
| | - Bo Gong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, MI USA
| | - Michael D. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Literature, Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, MI USA
| | - David H. Kohn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Medical School, University of Michigan, MI USA
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI USA
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Allen MR, Newman CL, Chen N, Granke M, Nyman JS, Moe SM. Changes in skeletal collagen cross-links and matrix hydration in high- and low-turnover chronic kidney disease. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:977-85. [PMID: 25466530 PMCID: PMC4512757 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases fracture risk. The results of this work point to changes in bone collagen and bone hydration as playing a role in bone fragility associated with CKD. INTRODUCTION Clinical data have documented a clear increase in fracture risk associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Preclinical studies have shown reductions in bone mechanical properties although the tissue-level mechanisms for these differences remain unclear. The goal of this study was to assess collagen cross-links and matrix hydration, two variables known to affect mechanical properties, in animals with either high- or low-turnover CKD. METHODS At 35 weeks of age (>75% reduction in kidney function), the femoral diaphysis of male Cy/+ rats with high or low bone turnover rates, along with normal littermate (NL) controls, were assessed for collagen cross-links (pyridinoline (Pyd), deoxypyridinoline (Dpd), and pentosidine (PE)) using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay as well as pore and bound water per volume (pw and bw) using a (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. Material-level biomechanical properties were calculated based on previously published whole bone mechanical tests. RESULTS Cortical bone from animals with high-turnover disease had lower Pyd and Dpd cross-link levels (-21% each), lower bw (-10%), higher PE (+71%), and higher pw (+46%) compared to NL. Animals with low turnover had higher Dpd, PE (+71%), and bw (+7%) along with lower pw (-60%) compared to NL. Both high- and low-turnover animals had reduced material-level bone toughness compared to NL animals as determined by three-point bending. CONCLUSIONS These data document an increase in skeletal PE with advanced CKD that is independent of bone turnover rate and inversely related to decline in kidney function. Although hydration changes occur in both high- and low-turnover disease, the data suggest that nonenzymatic collagen cross-links may be a key factor in compromised mechanical properties of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Allen
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., MS 5035, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA,
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Importance of age on the dynamic mechanical behavior of intertubular and peritubular dentin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 42:229-42. [PMID: 25498296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An experimental evaluation of human coronal dentin was performed using nanoscopic dynamic mechanical analysis (nanoDMA). The primary objectives were to quantify any unique changes in mechanical behavior of intertubular and peritubular dentin with age, and to evaluate the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the mineral deposited within the lumens. Specimens of coronal dentin were evaluated by nanoDMA using single indents and in scanning mode via scanning probe microscopy. Results showed that there were no significant differences in the storage modulus or complex modulus between the two age groups (18-25 versus 54-83 yrs) for either the intertubular or peritubular tissue. However, there were significant differences in the dampening behavior between the young and old dentin, as represented in the loss modulus and tanδ responses. For both the intertubular and peritubular components, the capacity for dampening was significantly lower in the old group. Scanning based nanoDMA showed that the tubules of old dentin exhibit a gradient in elastic behavior, with decrease in elastic modulus from the cuff to the center of tubules filled with newly deposited mineral.
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Noor Z, Kania N, Setiawan B. Tibia bone properties at different time course of ovariectomized rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:91. [PMID: 25317398 PMCID: PMC4195878 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-014-0091-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The model of bilaterally ovariectomized rats mimics the accelerated bone loss observed in postmenopausal women due to estrogen deficiency. Although calcium is main mineral in bone, previous study in human showed there is hypermineralization and higher calcium level in hydroxyapatite crystal structure from osteoporosis patients. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of time course ovariectomized on tibia bone turn over markers, mineral elements, hydroxyapatite crystale, mesostructure, and histomorphometry. METHODS A total of 30 Wistar female rats were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 10 each): control group, ovariectomy group follow up for one month and two month. All animals procedures was according to Animal Ethics Guidelines and approval by ethic committee of the Medical Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University which obtained prior the study. Expression of osteocalcin (OC) and C-telopeptyde collagen type I (CTX) was analyzed by ELISA method. Tibia bone mineral element was measured using X-Ray Fluorescence. Hydroxyapatite crystale structure was analyzed using X-Ray Diffracttion. Mesostructure was determined using Scanning Electron Microscope. Histomorphometry was analyzed using BoneJ software analyzer. ANOVA test was used to analyze the different level of serum bone turnover markers and bone mineral elements. RESULTS Serum OC and CTX were significantly decrease in one month and two month after ovariectomized groups compared to sham-operated group (P < 0.05). The levels Ca, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Ca/P, and Cu/Zn were not significantly different in all groups (P > 0.05). The structure of hydroxyapatite crystal in one month and two month after ovariectomized groups were different compared with sham-operated control group. Mesostructure of tibia bone after one and two month ovariectomized procedure significantly different than that in sham-operated rats. The level of trabecular volume were lower significantly on OVX-1 and OVX-2 groups compared with sham group (P < 0.05). The trabecular thickness and spacing were increase significantly on OVX-1 and OVX-2 groups compared with sham group (P < 0.05). The trabecular number were significantly decrease OVX-1 and OVX-2 groups than that sham group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We found that two month after ovariectomized decrease serum osteocalcin but not change bone mineral elements in rats. Also, we found the difference of lattice parameter of hydroxyapatite crystale structure and trabecular properties which determined bone mesostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zairin Noor
- />Research Center for Osteoporosis, Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Ulin General Hospital, Medical Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University, Jl. A. Yani Km 2 No.43, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan Indonesia
| | - Nia Kania
- />Research Center for Osteoporosis, Department of Pathology, Ulin General Hospital, Medical Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan Indonesia
| | - Bambang Setiawan
- />Research Center for Osteoporosis, Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medicine Faculty, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan Indonesia
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Experimental study of diffusion coefficients of water through the collagen: apatite porosity in human trabecular bone tissue. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:796519. [PMID: 24967405 PMCID: PMC4055463 DOI: 10.1155/2014/796519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We firstly measured the swelling of single trabeculae from human femur heads during water imbibition. Since the swelling is caused by water diffusing from external surfaces to the core of the sample, by measuring the sample swelling over time, we obtained direct information about the transport of fluids through the intimate constituents of bone, where the mineralization process takes place. We developed an apparatus to measure the free expansion of the tissue during the imbibition. In particular, we measured the swelling along three natural axes (length L, width W, and thickness T) of plate-like trabeculae. For this aim, we developed a 3D analytical model of the water uptake by the sample that was performed according to Fickian transport mechanism. The results were then utilized to predict the swelling over time along the three sample directions (L, W, T) and the apparent diffusion coefficients DT, DW, and DL.
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Barkaoui A, Chamekh A, Merzouki T, Hambli R, Mkaddem A. Multiscale approach including microfibril scale to assess elastic constants of cortical bone based on neural network computation and homogenization method. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2014; 30:318-338. [PMID: 24123969 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The complexity and heterogeneity of bone tissue require a multiscale modeling to understand its mechanical behavior and its remodeling mechanisms. In this paper, a novel multiscale hierarchical approach including microfibril scale based on hybrid neural network (NN) computation and homogenization equations was developed to link nanoscopic and macroscopic scales to estimate the elastic properties of human cortical bone. The multiscale model is divided into three main phases: (i) in step 0, the elastic constants of collagen-water and mineral-water composites are calculated by averaging the upper and lower Hill bounds; (ii) in step 1, the elastic properties of the collagen microfibril are computed using a trained NN simulation. Finite element calculation is performed at nanoscopic levels to provide a database to train an in-house NN program; and (iii) in steps 2-10 from fibril to continuum cortical bone tissue, homogenization equations are used to perform the computation at the higher scales. The NN outputs (elastic properties of the microfibril) are used as inputs for the homogenization computation to determine the properties of mineralized collagen fibril. The mechanical and geometrical properties of bone constituents (mineral, collagen, and cross-links) as well as the porosity were taken in consideration. This paper aims to predict analytically the effective elastic constants of cortical bone by modeling its elastic response at these different scales, ranging from the nanostructural to mesostructural levels. Our findings of the lowest scale's output were well integrated with the other higher levels and serve as inputs for the next higher scale modeling. Good agreement was obtained between our predicted results and literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelwahed Barkaoui
- Université de Savoie, Laboratoire SYMME, BP 80439, Annecy-le-Vieux Cedex F74944, France
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Hardisty MR, Garcia TC, Choy S, Dahmubed J, Stover SM, Fyhrie DP. Stress-whitening occurs in demineralized bone. Bone 2013; 57:367-74. [PMID: 24055642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of age-related bone fracture is increasing with average population age. Bone scatters more light (stress-whitens) during loading, immediately prior to failure, in a manner visually similar to polymer crazing. We wish to understand the stress-whitening process because of its possible effect on bone toughness. The goals of this investigation were a) to establish that stress-whitening is a property of the demineralized organic matrix of bone rather than only a property of mineralized tissue and that stress whitening within the demineralized bone is dependent upon both b) hydrogen bonding and, c) the orientation of loading. METHODS Demineralized cortical bone specimens were loaded in tension to failure (0.08 strain/s). The effect of hydrogen bonding on mechanical properties and the stress-whitening process was probed by altering the Hansen's hydrogen bonding parameter (δh) of the immersing solution. RESULTS Stress-whitening occurred in the demineralized bone. Stress-whitening was negatively correlated with δh (R(2)=0.81, p<0.0001). Stress-whitening was significantly lower (p<0.0001) in specimens loaded orthogonally compared to those loaded parallel to the long (strong) axis. CONCLUSION The stress-whitening observed was consistent with increased Mie scattering. We suggest that the change in Mie scattering was due to collagen fibril dehydration driven by the externally applied stress. The presence of stress-whitening in demineralized bone suggests that this process may be a property of the collagenous matrix and hence may be present in other collagenous tissues rather than an emergent property of the bone composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Hardisty
- Lawrence J Ellison Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA; Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Nobakhti S, Limbert G, Thurner PJ. Cement lines and interlamellar areas in compact bone as strain amplifiers - contributors to elasticity, fracture toughness and mechanotransduction. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 29:235-51. [PMID: 24113298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone is multi-scale hierarchical composite material making the prediction of fragility, as well as pinning it to a certain cause, complicated. For proper mechanical simulation and reflection of bone properties in models, microscopic structural features of bone tissue need to be included. This study sets out to gain a mechanistic insight into the role of various microstructural features of bone tissue in particular cement lines and interlamellar areas. Further the hypothesis that compliant interlamellar areas and cement lines within osteonal bone act as strain amplifiers was explored. To this end, a series of experimentally-based micromechanical finite element models of bovine osteonal bone were developed. Different levels of detail for the bone microstructure were considered and combined with the results of physical three-point bending tests and an analytical composite model of a single osteon. The objective was to examine local and global effects of interface structures. The geometrical and microstructural characteristics of the bone samples were derived from microscopy imaging. Parametric finite element studies were conducted to determine optimal values of the elastic modulus of interstitial bone and interlamellar areas. The average isotropic elastic modulus of interfaces suggested in this study is 88.5MPa. Based on the modelling results, it is shown that interfaces are areas of accumulated strain in bone and are likely to act as potential paths for crack propagation. The strain amplification capability of interface structures in the order of 10 predicted by the models suggests a new explanation for the levels of strain required in bone homoeostasis for maintenance and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nobakhti
- Bioengineering Science Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Do stress-whitening and optical clearing of collagenous tissue occur by the same mechanism? J Biomech 2013; 46:2411-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Roncero-Ramos I, Delgado-Andrade C, Rufián-Henares JÁ, Carballo J, Navarro MP. Effects of model Maillard compounds on bone characteristics and functionality. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2816-2821. [PMID: 23420603 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical and biomechanical properties of bone can be affected by non-enzymatic crosslinks, which are implicated in bone pathologies such as osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of the consumption of model Maillard reaction product (MRP) from glucose-lysine heated for 90 min at 150 °C (GL90) on bone composition and features. Rats were fed either a control diet or a diet containing 30 g kg(-1) GL90 for 88 days. Food consumption and the animals' body weights were monitored. After sacrifice, the femur, pelvic bone and tibia were removed for analysis of their composition and physical and biomechanical properties. RESULTS The organic matrix of the femur and the density of the pelvic bone decreased after MRP intake, whereas pentosidine content increased greatly with respect to the control group (41.7 ± 9.9 vs 171.4 ± 3.3 mmol mol(-1) collagen). The rising level of C-telopeptide degradation products from type I collagen (β-CTX) suggested a possible situation of increased bone resorption and/or higher turnover. CONCLUSION In conjunction, the detrimental effect on the organic matrix, the situation of higher resorption and/or bone turnover indicated by the β-CTX values and the high pentosidine content in bone provoked negative consequences on certain mechanical properties such as the ability to withstand force and absorb energy without failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Roncero-Ramos
- Instituto de Nutrición Animal, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, E-18100, Granada, Spain
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Tchanque-Fossuo CN, Gong B, Poushanchi B, Donneys A, Sarhaddi D, Gallagher KK, Deshpande SS, Goldstein SA, Morris MD, Buchman SR. Raman spectroscopy demonstrates Amifostine induced preservation of bone mineralization patterns in the irradiated murine mandible. Bone 2013; 52:712-717. [PMID: 22885239 PMCID: PMC3789510 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adjuvant radiotherapy in the management of head and neck cancer remains severely debilitating. Fortunately, newly developed agents aimed at decreasing radiation-induced damage have shown great promise. Amifostine (AMF) is a compound, which confers radio-protection to the exposed normal tissues, such as bone. Our intent is to utilize Raman spectroscopy to demonstrate how AMF preserves the mineral composition of the murine mandible following human equivalent radiation. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into 3 experimental groups: control (n=5), XRT (n=5), and AMF-XRT (n=5). Both XRT and AMF groups underwent bioequivalent radiation of 70Gy in 5 fractions to the left hemimandible. AMF-XRT received Amifostine prior to radiation. Fifty-six days post-radiation, the hemimandibles were harvested, and Raman spectra were taken in the region of interest spanning 2mm behind the last molar. Bone mineral and matrix-specific Raman bands were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, with statistical significance at p<0.05. RESULTS The full-width at half-maximum of the primary phosphate band (FWHM) and the ratio of carbonate/phosphate intensities demonstrated significant differences between AMF-XRT versus XRT (p<0.01) and XRT versus control (p<0.01). There was no difference between AMF-XRT and control (p>0.05) in both Raman metrics. Computer-aided spectral subtraction further confirmed these results where AMF-XRT was spectrally similar to the control. Interestingly, the collagen cross-link ratio did not differ between XRT and AMF-XRT (p<0.01) but was significantly different from the control (p<0.01). CONCLUSION Our novel findings demonstrate that AMF prophylaxis maintains and protects bone mineral quality in the setting of radiation. Raman spectroscopy is an emerging and exceptionally attractive clinical translational technology to investigate and monitor both the destructive effects of radiation and the therapeutic remediation of AMF on the structural, physical and chemical qualities of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine N. Tchanque-Fossuo
- University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, Pediatric Plastic Surgery Section, 1540 E. Hospital Drive, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bo Gong
- University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Behdod Poushanchi
- University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, Pediatric Plastic Surgery Section, 1540 E. Hospital Drive, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexis Donneys
- University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, Pediatric Plastic Surgery Section, 1540 E. Hospital Drive, MI 48109, USA
| | - Deniz Sarhaddi
- University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, Pediatric Plastic Surgery Section, 1540 E. Hospital Drive, MI 48109, USA
| | - K. Kelly Gallagher
- University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sagar S. Deshpande
- University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, Pediatric Plastic Surgery Section, 1540 E. Hospital Drive, MI 48109, USA
| | - Steven A. Goldstein
- University of Michigan, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, A. Alfred Taubman Biomedical Science Research Building, 109 Zina Pitcher Pl, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Michael D. Morris
- University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, Department of Chemistry, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Steven R. Buchman
- University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, Pediatric Plastic Surgery Section, 1540 E. Hospital Drive, MI 48109, USA
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Delgado-Andrade C, Roncero-Ramos I, Carballo J, Rufián-Henares JÁ, Seiquer I, Navarro MP. Composition and functionality of bone affected by dietary glycated compounds. Food Funct 2013; 4:549-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30187c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Cesar R, Boffa R, Fachine L, Leivas T, Silva A, Pereira C, Reiff R, Rollo J. Evaluation of Trabecular Microarchitecture of Normal Osteoporotic and Osteopenic Human Vertebrae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Barra FR, Leite AF, Souza PTD, Pereira FB, Paula APD. [Quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus, bone densitometry and vertebral morphometry in men over the age of 60 years]. ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE ENDOCRINOLOGIA E METABOLOGIA 2012; 56:370-5. [PMID: 22990641 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27302012000600005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare calcaneal ultrasonometry and bone densitometry in the evaluation of morphometric vertebral fractures in men over 60 years of age. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We studied 96 men over 60 years of age by means of bone densitometry of the spine, femur and radius, lateral radiograph of the thoracic and lumbar spine, and calcaneal ultrasonometry. RESULTS Fifty-one percent of men had osteoporosis and vertebral fractures. Correlation was found between ultrasonometry stiffness index, T-score and bone mineral density of the spine, femur and radius (p < 0.01). Regarding the presence of fractures, there was a correlation only with BMD of the ultradistal radius (UD) and radius 33%. ROC curve showed accuracy only of UD radius BMD in detecting vertebral fractures. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed a correlation between osteoporosis diagnosis by ultrasonometry and densitometry in men over 60 years. It also showed a correlation between morphometric vertebral fracture and bone mineral density of the forearm.
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