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Circulating MiRNA-21-enriched extracellular vesicles promote bone remodeling in traumatic brain injury patients. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:587-596. [PMID: 36869070 PMCID: PMC10073188 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-00956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fracture combined with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common and serious types of compound trauma in the clinic and is characterized by dysfunction of cellular communication in injured organs. Our prior studies found that TBI was capable of enhancing fracture healing in a paracrine manner. Exosomes (Exos), as small extracellular vesicles, are important paracrine vehicles for noncell therapy. However, whether circulating Exos derived from TBI patients (TBI-Exos) regulate the prohealing effects of fractures remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to explore the biological effects of TBI-Exos on fracture healing and reveal the potential molecular mechanism. TBI-Exos were isolated by ultracentrifugation, and the enriched miR-21-5 p was identified by qRT‒PCR analysis. The beneficial effects of TBI-Exos on osteoblastic differentiation and bone remodeling were determined by a series of in vitro assays. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to identify the potential downstream mechanisms of the regulatory effect of TBI-Exos on osteoblasts. Furthermore, the role of the potential signaling pathway of TBI-Exos in mediating the osteoblastic activity of osteoblasts was assessed. Subsequently, a murine fracture model was established, and the effect of TBI-Exos on bone modeling was demonstrated in vivo. TBI-Exos can be internalized by osteoblasts, and in vitro, suppression of SMAD7 promoted osteogenic differentiation, whereas knockdown of miR-21-5 p in TBI-Exos strongly inhibited this bone-beneficial effect. Similarly, our results confirmed that preinjection of TBI-Exos led to enhanced bone formation, whereas knockdown of exosomal miR-21-5 p substantially impaired this bone-beneficial effect in vivo.
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Bone metabolism during strict head-down tilt bed rest and exposure to elevated levels of ambient CO 2. NPJ Microgravity 2022; 8:57. [PMID: 36526672 PMCID: PMC9758179 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00245-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Astronauts on the International Space Station are exposed to levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) above typical terrestrial levels. We explored the possibility that increased levels of ambient CO2 further stimulate bone resorption during bed rest. We report here data from 2 ground-based spaceflight analog studies in which 12 male and 7 female subjects were placed in a strict 6° head-down tilt (HDT) position for either 30 days at 0.5% ambient CO2 or 60 days with nominal environmental exposure to CO2. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood and urine were collected before and after HDT for biochemical analysis. No change was detected in either BMD or BMC, as expected given the study duration. Bone resorption markers increased after bed rest as expected; however, elevated CO2 had no additive effect. Elevated CO2 did not affect concentrations of minerals in serum and urine. Serum parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were both reduced after bed rest, likely secondary to calcium efflux from bone. In summary, exposure to 0.5% CO2 for 30 days did not exacerbate the typical bone resorption response observed after HDT bed rest. Furthermore, results from these strict HDT studies were similar to data from previous bed rest studies, confirming that strict 30-60 days of HDT can be used to evaluate changes in bone metabolism. This is valuable in the continuing effort to develop and refine efficacious countermeasure protocols to mitigate bone loss during spaceflight in low-Earth orbit and beyond.
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Baran R, Wehland M, Schulz H, Heer M, Infanger M, Grimm D. Microgravity-Related Changes in Bone Density and Treatment Options: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158650. [PMID: 35955775 PMCID: PMC9369243 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Space travelers are exposed to microgravity (µg), which induces enhanced bone loss compared to the age-related bone loss on Earth. Microgravity promotes an increased bone turnover, and this obstructs space exploration. This bone loss can be slowed down by exercise on treadmills or resistive apparatus. The objective of this systematic review is to provide a current overview of the state of the art of the field of bone loss in space and possible treatment options thereof. A total of 482 unique studies were searched through PubMed and Scopus, and 37 studies met the eligibility criteria. The studies showed that, despite increased bone formation during µg, the increase in bone resorption was greater. Different types of exercise and pharmacological treatments with bisphosphonates, RANKL antibody (receptor activator of nuclear factor κβ ligand antibody), proteasome inhibitor, pan-caspase inhibitor, and interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody decrease bone resorption and promote bone formation. Additionally, recombinant irisin, cell-free fat extract, cyclic mechanical stretch-treated bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, and strontium-containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles also show some positive effects on bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronni Baran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Markus Wehland
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
- Research Group ‘Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen’ (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Schulz
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
- Research Group ‘Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen’ (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martina Heer
- IU International University of Applied Sciences, 99084 Erfurt, Germany;
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
- Research Group ‘Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen’ (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (M.W.); (H.S.); (M.I.)
- Research Group ‘Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt- und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen’ (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Buchanan SR, Miller RM, Nguyen M, Black CD, Kellawan JM, Bemben MG, Bemben DA. Circulating microRNA responses to acute whole-body vibration and resistance exercise in postmenopausal women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1038371. [PMID: 36440217 PMCID: PMC9692005 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1038371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating alterations in circulating microRNA (c-miRNA) expression may provide deeper insight into the role of exercise in the attenuation of the negative effects of aging on musculoskeletal health. Currently, there are sparse data on c-miRNA responses to acute exercise in postmenopausal women. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of acute bouts of resistance exercise and whole-body vibration on expression of selected c-miRNAs in postmenopausal women aged 65-76 years (n=10). We also examined relationships between c-miRNAs and muscle strength and bone characteristics. This randomized crossover design study compared c-miRNA responses to a bout of resistance exercise (RE) (3 sets 10 reps 70% 1 repetition maximum (1RM), 5 exercises) and a bout of whole-body vibration (WBV) (5 sets 1 min bouts 20Hz 3.38mm peak to peak displacement, Vibraflex vibration platform). DXA was used to measure body composition and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) of the total body, AP lumbar spine, and dual proximal femur. pQCT was used to measure tibia bone characteristics (4%, 38%, 66% sites). Blood samples were collected before exercise (Pre), immediately-post (IP), 60 minutes post (60P), 24 hours (24H), and 48 hours (48H) after exercise to measure serum miR-21-5p, -23a-3p, -133a-3p, -148a-3p (qPCR) and TRAP5b (ELISA). There was a significant modality × time interaction for c-miR-21-5p expression (p=0.019), which decreased from 60P to 24H after WBV only. TRAP5b serum concentrations significantly increased IP then decreased below Pre at 24H for both WBV and RE (p<0.01). Absolute changes in TRAP5b were negatively correlated with c-miR-21-5p fold changes (r= -0.642 to -0.724, p<0.05) for both exercise modalities. There were significant negative correlations between baseline c-miRNAs and bone status variables (r= -0.639 to -0.877, p<0.05). Our findings suggest that whole-body vibration is a sufficient mechanical stimulus for altering c-miR-21-5p expression, whereas a high intensity resistance exercise protocol did not elicit any c-miRNA responses in postmenopausal women. Increases in the bone resorption marker, TRAP5b, were associated with greater downregulation of c-miR-21-5p expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Buchanan
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Samuel R. Buchanan,
| | - Ryan M. Miller
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Michelle Nguyen
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Christopher D. Black
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - J. Mikhail Kellawan
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Michael G. Bemben
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
| | - Debra A. Bemben
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States
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