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Bedrossiantz J, Goyenechea J, Prats E, Gómez-Canela C, Barata C, Raldúa D, Cachot J. Cardiac and neurobehavioral impairments in three phylogenetically distant aquatic model organisms exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of boscalid. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123685. [PMID: 38460591 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Boscalid (2-Chloro-N-(4'-chlorobiphenyl-2-yl) nicotinamide), a pyridine carboxamide fungicide, is an inhibitor of the complex II of the respiration chain in fungal mitochondria. As boscalid is only moderately toxic for aquatic organisms (LC50 > 1-10 mg/L), current environmental levels of this compound in aquatic ecosystems, in the range of ng/L-μg/L, are considered safe for aquatic organisms. In this study, we have exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio), Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) and Daphnia magna to a range of concentrations of boscalid (1-1000 μg/L) for 24 h, and the effects on heart rate (HR), basal locomotor activity (BLA), visual motor response (VMR), startle response (SR), and habituation (HB) to a series of vibrational or light stimuli have been evaluated. Moreover, changes in the profile of the main neurotransmitters have been determined. Boscalid altered HR in a concentration-dependent manner, leading to a positive or negative chronotropic effect in fish and D. magna, respectively. While boscalid decreased BLA and increased VMR in Daphnia, these behaviors were not altered in fish. For SR and HB, the response was more species- and concentration-specific, with Daphnia exhibiting the highest sensitivity. At the neurotransmission level, boscalid exposure decreased the levels of L-aspartic acid in fish larvae and increased the levels of dopaminergic metabolites in D. magna. Our study demonstrates that exposure to environmental levels of boscalid alters cardiac activity, impairs ecologically relevant behaviors, and leads to changes in different neurotransmitter systems in phylogenetically distinct vertebrate and invertebrate models. Thus, the results presented emphasize the need to review the current regulation of this fungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Bedrossiantz
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Júlia Goyenechea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography Section), IQS School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Prats
- Research and Development Center (CID-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristián Gómez-Canela
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Applied (Chromatography Section), IQS School of Engineering, Ramon Llull University, Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Barata
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Demetrio Raldúa
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33600, Pessac, France
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2
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Calabrese EJ, Selby PB. Comet assay and hormesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122929. [PMID: 37979647 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The paper provides the first assessment of the occurrence of hormetic dose responses using the Comet assay, a genotoxic assay. Using a priori evaluative criteria based on the Hormetic Database on peer-reviewed comet assay experimental findings, numerous examples of hormetic dose responses were obtained. These responses occurred in a large and diverse range of cell types and for agents from a broad range of chemical classes. Limited attempts were made to estimate the frequency of hormesis within comet assay experimental studies using a priori entry and evaluative criteria, with results suggesting a frequency in the 40% range. These findings are important as they show that a wide range of genotoxic chemicals display evidence that is strongly suggestive of hormetic dose responses. These findings have significant implications for study design issues, including the number of doses selected, dose range and spacing. Likewise, the widespread occurrence of hormetic dose responses in this genotoxic assay has important risk assessment implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Paul B Selby
- Retired from Oak Ridge National Laboratory at Oak Ridge, TN. Home Address: 4088 Nottinghill Gate Road, Upper Arlington, OH, 43220, USA.
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Iavicoli I, Fontana L, Santocono C, Guarino D, Laudiero M, Calabrese EJ. The challenges of defining hormesis in epidemiological studies: The case of radiation hormesis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166030. [PMID: 37544458 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In the current radiation protection system, preventive measures and occupational exposure limits for controlling occupational exposure to ionizing radiation are based on the linear no-threshold extrapolation model. However, currently an increasing body of evidence indicates that this paradigm predicts very poorly biological responses in the low-dose exposure region. In addition, several in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the presence of hormetic dose response curves correlated to ionizing radiation low exposure. In this regard, it is noteworthy that also the findings of different epidemiological studies, conducted in different categories of occupationally exposed workers (e.g., healthcare, nuclear industrial and aircrew workers), observed lower rates of mortality and/or morbidity from cancer and/or other diseases in exposed workers than in unexposed ones or in the general population, then suggesting the possible occurrence of hormesis. Nevertheless, these results should be considered with caution since the identification of hormetic response in epidemiological studies is rather challenging because of a number of major limitations. In this regard, some of the most remarkable shortcomings found in epidemiological studies performed in workers exposed to ionizing radiation are represented by lack or inadequate definition of exposure doses, use of surrogates of exposure, narrow dose ranges, lack of proper control groups and poor evaluation of confounding factors. Therefore, considering the valuable role and contribution that epidemiological studies might provide to the complex risk assessment and management process, there is a clear and urgent need to overcome the aforementioned limits in order to achieve an adequate, useful and more real-life risk assessment that should also include the key concept of hormesis. Thus, in the present conceptual article we also discuss and provide possible approaches to improve the capacity of epidemiological studies to identify/define the hormetic response and consequently improve the complex process of risk assessment of ionizing radiation at low exposure doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luca Fontana
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carolina Santocono
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Guarino
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Laudiero
- Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Calabrese EJ, Kapoor R, Dhawan G, Calabrese V. Hormesis mediates platelet-rich plasma and wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2023; 31:56-68. [PMID: 36458897 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has become an accepted and general wound healing approach with an extremely wide range of applications. Despite considerable diversity in the composition of platelet-rich plasma products that are applied in specific wound healing usage, it is widely recognised that such diverse platelet-rich plasma complex mixtures routinely display hormetic-like biphasic concentrations that are independent of the tissue treated and endpoints measured. The present paper is the first to place the area of platelet-rich plasma-biomedical research and applications within an hormetic framework. The platelet-rich plasma area is also unique as it represents the application of the hormetic concept to the issue of complex biological mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Sri Guru Ram Das (SGRD) University of Health Sciences, Amritsar, India
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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5
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Is LNT anti-evolution dose response model? Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:3141-3142. [PMID: 35943540 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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6
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Linear non-threshold (LNT) fails numerous toxicological stress tests: Implications for continued policy use. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110064. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Sebastiano M, Messina S, Marasco V, Costantini D. Hormesis in ecotoxicological studies: a critical evolutionary perspective. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Shahbaz SK, Koushki K, Sathyapalan T, Majeed M, Sahebkar A. PLGA-Based Curcumin Delivery System: An Interesting Therapeutic Approach in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:309-323. [PMID: 34429054 PMCID: PMC9413791 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210823103020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive degeneration and dysfunction of the nervous system because of oxidative stress, aggregations of misfolded proteins, and neuroinflammation are the key pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder driven by uncontrolled extracellular deposition of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the amyloid plaques and intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol with noticeable neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects that can cross the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, it is widely studied for the alleviation of inflammatory and neurological disorders. However, the clinical application of curcumin is limited due to its low aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Recently, nano-based curcumin delivery systems are developed to overcome these limitations effectively. This review article discusses the effects and potential mechanisms of curcumin-loaded PLGA nanoparticles in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Keshavarz Shahbaz
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Koushki
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU3 2JZ, UK
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- BARUiotechnol Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Low Dose Ionising Radiation-Induced Hormesis: Therapeutic Implications to Human Health. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11198909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The concept of radiation-induced hormesis, whereby a low dose is beneficial and a high dose is detrimental, has been gaining attention in the fields of molecular biology, environmental toxicology and radiation biology. There is a growing body of literature that recognises the importance of hormetic dose response not only in the radiation field, but also with molecular agents. However, there is continuing debate on the magnitude and mechanism of radiation hormetic dose response, which could make further contributions, as a research tool, to science and perhaps eventually to public health due to potential therapeutic benefits for society. The biological phenomena of low dose ionising radiation (LDIR) includes bystander effects, adaptive response, hypersensitivity, radioresistance and genomic instability. In this review, the beneficial and the detrimental effects of LDIR-induced hormesis are explored, together with an overview of its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms that may potentially provide an insight to the therapeutic implications to human health in the future.
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10
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Dennis NM, Hossain F, Subbiah S, Karnjanapiboonwong A, Dennis ML, McCarthy C, Heron CG, Jackson WA, Crago JP, Field JA, Salice CJ, Anderson TA. Chronic Reproductive Toxicity Thresholds for Northern Bobwhite Quail (Colinus virginianus) Exposed to Perfluorohexanoic Acid (PFHxA) and a Mixture of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) and PFHxA. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2021; 40:2601-2614. [PMID: 34102702 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial toxicology data are limited for comprehensive ecotoxicological risk assessment of ecosystems contaminated by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) partly because of their existence as mixtures in the environment. This complicates logistical dose-response modeling and establishment of a threshold value characterizing the chronic toxicity of PFAS to ecological receptors. We examined reproduction, growth, and survival endpoints using a combination of hypothesis testing and logistical dose-response modeling of northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) exposed to perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) alone and to PFHxA in a binary mixture with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) via the drinking water. The exposure concentration chronic toxicity value (CTV) representative of the lowest-observable-adverse effect level (LOAEL) threshold for chronic oral PFAS toxicity (based on reduced offspring weight and growth rate) was 0.10 ng/mL for PFHxA and 0.06 ng/mL for a PFOS:PFHxA (2.7:1) mixture. These estimates corresponded to an adult LOAEL average daily intake CTV of 0.0149 and 0.0082 µg × kg body weight-1 × d-1 , respectively. Neither no-observable-adverse effect level threshold and representative CTVs nor dose-response and predicted effective concentration values could be established for these 2 response variables. The findings indicate that a reaction(s) occurs among the individual PFAS components present in the mixture to alter the potential toxicity, demonstrating that mixture affects avian PFAS toxicity. Thus, chronic oral PFAS toxicity to avian receptors represented as the sum of the individual compound toxicities may not necessarily be the best method for assessing chronic mixture exposure risk at PFAS-contaminated sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2601-2614. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Dennis
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Farzana Hossain
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Seenivasan Subbiah
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Michael L Dennis
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | | | - Christopher G Heron
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - W Andrew Jackson
- Department of Civil, Environmental, & Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jordan P Crago
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer A Field
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Todd A Anderson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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11
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Calabrese EJ, Agathokleous E. Hormesis: Transforming disciplines that rely on the dose response. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:8-23. [PMID: 34297887 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article tells the story of hormesis from its conceptual and experimental origins, its dismissal by the scientific and medical communities in the first half of the 20th century, and its rediscovery over the past several decades to be a fundamental evolutionary adaptive strategy. The upregulation of hormetic adaptive mechanisms has the capacity to decelerate the onset and reduce the severity of a broad spectrum of common age-related health, behavioral, and performance decrements and debilitating diseases, thereby significantly enhancing the human health span. Incorporation of hormetic-based lifestyle options within the human population would have profoundly positive impacts on the public health, significantly reducing health care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I-N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing, China
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12
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Wang YG, Jiang WJ, Shen J, Wang W, Niu YX, Zhao W, Wei XY. Detoxification modification of coal-tar pitch by ultraviolet & microwave radiation-enhanced chemical reaction and toxicity evaluation by chemical index and cytotoxicity assay in vitro. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 410:124648. [PMID: 33257128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Although coal tar pitch (CTP) has a large yield in China, its large-scale and effective utilization is significantly hindered because of existing and possibly releasing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Therefore, it is an imminent problem how to prepare an environmentally friendly CTP by detoxification modification. In the investigation, a typical CTP was subjected to structural characterization via solid-state 13C NMR and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, which confirmed the existence of dominant PAHs such as fluoranthene, pyrene, as well as benzo[a]pyrene, and few heterocyclic compounds. Subsequently, the CTP was modified using 10-undecenal via alkylation reaction enhanced by ultraviolet & microwave radiation. Compared with the original CTP, the total content of 16 toxic PAHs in the modified CTP decreased with a reduction efficiency of above 90%. According to different environmental standards, toxic equivalent quotient of CTP after modification was reduced by above 90%. In order to veritably and fully evaluate the toxicity of CTP, a living vascular smooth muscle cell (A-10 cell) in vitro was used in the cell counting kit-8 assay. The viability of A-10 cell was always higher when exposed to modified CTP than the original CTP. These results powerfully indicated that the enhanced modification was actually effective and efficient for reducing the toxicity of CTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Gao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei-Jia Jiang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China; Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan-Xia Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xian-Yong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
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Calabrese EJ. Hormesis Mediates Acquired Resilience: Using Plant-Derived Chemicals to Enhance Health. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:355-381. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-062420-124437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an assessment of hormesis, a highly conserved evolutionary dose-response adaptive strategy that leads to the development of acquired resilience within well-defined temporal windows. The hormetic-based acquired resilience has a central role in affecting healthy aging, slowing the onset and progression of numerous neurodegenerative and other age-related diseases, and reducing risks and damage due to heart attacks, stroke, and other serious conditions of public health and medical importance. The review provides the historical foundations of hormesis, its dose-response features, its capacity for generalization across biological models and endpoints measured, and its mechanistic foundations. The review also provides a focus on the adaptive features of hormesis, i.e., its capacity to upregulate acquired resilience and how this can be mediated by numerous plant-derived extracts, such as curcumin, ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, resveratrol, and green tea, that induce a broad spectrum of chemopreventive effects via hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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14
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Calabrese EJ, Mattson MP, Dhawan G, Kapoor R, Calabrese V, Giordano J. Hormesis: A potential strategic approach to the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2020; 155:271-301. [PMID: 32854857 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review describes neuroprotective effects mediated by pre- and post-conditioning-induced processes that act via the quantitative features of the hormetic dose response. These lead to the development of acquired resilience that can protect neuronal systems from endogenous and exogenous stresses and insult. Particular attention is directed to issues of dose optimization, inter-individual variation, and potential ways to further study and employ hormetic-based preconditioning approaches in medical and public health efforts to treat and prevent neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States.
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gaurav Dhawan
- Human Research Protection Office, Research Compliance, University of Massachusetts, Hadley, MA, United States
| | - Rachna Kapoor
- Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center Hartford, Hartford, CT, United States
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical & Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - James Giordano
- Departments of Neurology & Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
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15
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Calabrese EJ, Agathokleous E. Theodosius Dobzhansky's view on biology and evolution v.2.0: "Nothing in biology makes sense except in light of evolution and evolution's dependence on hormesis-mediated acquired resilience that optimizes biological performance and numerous diverse short and longer term protective strategies". ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109559. [PMID: 32344211 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The hormetic, biphasic dose response, is highly generalizable, being independent of biological model, level of biological organization, endpoint, inducing agent, and mechanisms. It plays a significant role in mediating both constitutive and adaptable responses in essentially all cells and organisms. The present paper provides both a historical overview of the origin of the hormetic concept in the biological and biomedical sciences, and its potential role in ecology, evolution, and development. These integrative findings provide a broad scientific framework to better understand complex evolutionary-based selection strategies, affecting survival, lifespan, fecundity, learning/memory, tissue repair, reproduction and cooperation, and developmental processes, and offering resilience in the presence of numerous challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Institute of Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Jiangsu, China.
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16
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Villazana J, Alyokhin A. Tolerance of Immature Black Soldier Flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) to Cold Temperatures Above and Below Freezing Point. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:2632-2637. [PMID: 31265726 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Black soldier flies, Hermetia illucens (L.), consume decaying organic materials at the larval stage and can be used for recycling a variety of biogenic wastes into value-added products. Black soldier flies are normally found in subtropical and warm temperate regions. Cold temperatures may prevent their establishment in colder areas, thus alleviating a concern of their becoming an invasive species. Potentially, cold temperatures can also be used to manipulate the rate of black soldier fly development, which may be needed for timing certain life stages for mass-production needs. In the present study, immature black soldier flies were highly susceptible to freezing. Their survivorship decreased as time spent at -12°C increased from 10 to 60 min. Only ca. 2% of eggs, <1% of larvae, and no pupae survived after 60 min of exposure. Chilling at 4°C also had a significant negative effect that became more pronounced as duration of exposure increased from 24 to 72 h. Only ca. 2% of eggs and second instars and ca. 23% of pupae survived after 72 h. In the same time, >80% of third instars and >90% of fifth instars were still alive following 72 h of exposure. Chilling fifth instars resulted in smaller adults but freezing them for 48 h resulted in bigger adults. Based on these results, black soldier fly is unlikely to establish in areas with long periods of subfreezing winter temperatures. Low temperatures may be used to manipulate development of the late instars, but at a cost of higher mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei Alyokhin
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME
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Campos SO, Santana IV, Silva C, Santos-Amaya OF, Guedes RNC, Pereira EJG. Bt-induced hormesis in Bt-resistant insects: Theoretical possibility or factual concern? ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109577. [PMID: 31446171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The biphasic dose-response of a stressor where low amounts of a toxicant may stimulate some biological processes is a recent focus of attention in insecticide ecotoxicology. Nonetheless, the importance and management consequences of this phenomenon of pesticide-induced hormesis remain largely unrecognized. Curiously, the potential induction of hormesis by insecticidal proteins such as Bacillus thuringiensis toxins (i.e., Bt toxins), a major agriculture pest management tool of widespread use, has been wholly neglected. Thus, we aimed to circumvent this shortcoming while assessing the potential occurrence of hormesis induced by the Bt toxin Cry1Fa in its main target pest species - the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. Concentration-response bioassays were carried out in a Bt-susceptible and a Bt-resistant population providing the purified Cry1Fa toxin in artificial diet and recording the insect demographic parameters. As significant hormetic effect was detected in both populations with a significant increase in the net reproductive rate and the intrinsic rate of population growth, the potential occurrence of Bt-induced hormesis was subsequently tested providing the insects with leaves from transgenic Bt maize expressing the toxic protein. The performance of the Bt-resistant insects was not different in both maize genotypes, indicating that the leaf expression of the Bt protein did not promote hormesis in the resistant insects. Thus, despite the Bt-induced hormesis detected in the purified protein bioassays, the phenomenon was not detected with current levels of Bt expression in maize minimizing the risk of this additional efficacy constraint besides that of field occurrence of Bt resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvério O Campos
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Isabella V Santana
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Cleomar Silva
- Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso, São Vicente da Serra, MT, Brazil
| | - Oscar F Santos-Amaya
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; Instituto Colombiano Agropecuário - ICA, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Raul Narciso C Guedes
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Interações Planta-Praga, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Eliseu José G Pereira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Interações Planta-Praga, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
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Han J, Wang S, Fan D, Guo Y, Liu C, Zhu Y. Time-Dependent Hormetic Response of Soil Alkaline Phosphatase Induced by Cd and the Association with Bacterial Community Composition. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 78:961-973. [PMID: 30953089 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hormetic dose-response that involved Cd in soils is increasingly paid attentions for risk assessment of Cd toxicity, but insufficient studies were conducted to define the temporary modification of soil enzyme and the potential microbial responses. The present study chooses soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as endpoint to uncover the time-dependent hormetic responses to low doses of Cd and its association with bacterial community composition. The results showed that addition of 0.01-3.0 mg kg-1 Cd significantly increased ALP's activities with maximum stimulatory magnitude of 11.4-27.2%, indicating a typical hormesis. The response started at 12 h after Cd addition and maintained about 24 h. This demonstrated that the hormetic response is time-dependent and transient. Changes of soil bacterial community composition showed that, at 6 h, relative abundances (RAs) of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at phylum and Pontibacter, Bacillaceae-Bacillus, Bacillaceae1-Bacillus, and Paenisporosarcina at genus significantly correlated with ALP's activities at 12-36 h (P < 0.05). This suggests that soil bacteria likely showed an earlier response to Cd and potentially contributes to the subsequent soil enzyme's hormesis. In addition, it was found that Gram-negative bacteria other than Gram-positive bacteria are prone to exhibiting a hormetic response under Cd stress. Our findings provide much insight into ecotoxicological risk assessment for soil Cd pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Han
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, People's Republic of China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shengyan Wang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Diwu Fan
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Guo
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenglei Liu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongli Zhu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, No.159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, People's Republic of China
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Tang S, Liang J, Xiang C, Xiao Y, Wang X, Wu J, Li G, Cheke RA. A general model of hormesis in biological systems and its application to pest management. J R Soc Interface 2019; 16:20190468. [PMID: 31431187 PMCID: PMC6731494 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormesis, a phenomenon whereby exposure to high levels of stressors is inhibitory but low (mild, sublethal and subtoxic) doses are stimulatory, challenges decision-making in the management of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, nutrition and ecotoxicology. In the latter, increasing amounts of a pesticide may lead to upsurges rather than declines of pests, ecological paradoxes that are difficult to predict. Using a novel re-formulation of the Ricker population equation, we show how interactions between intervention strengths and dose timings, dose–response functions and intrinsic factors can model such paradoxes and hormesis. A model with three critical parameters revealed hormetic biphasic dose and dose timing responses, either in a J-shape or an inverted U-shape, yielding a homeostatic change or a catastrophic shift and hormetic effects in many parameter regions. Such effects were enhanced by repeated pulses of low-level stimulations within one generation at different dose timings, thereby reducing threshold levels, maximum responses and inhibition. The model provides insights into the complex dynamics of such systems and a methodology for improved experimental design and analysis, with wide-reaching implications for understanding hormetic effects in ecology and in medical and veterinary treatment decision-making. We hypothesized that the dynamics of a discrete generation pest control system can be determined by various three-parameter spaces, some of which reveal the conditions for occurrence of hormesis, and confirmed this by fitting our model to both hormetic data from the literature and to a non-hormetic dataset on pesticidal control of mirid bugs in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyi Tang
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Juhua Liang
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Changcheng Xiang
- Department of Mathematics, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Xiao
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Mathematics and Information Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Wu
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J1P3
| | - Guoping Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Robert A Cheke
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
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20
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Influence of luteolin on the apoptosis of esophageal cancer Eca109 cells and its mechanism of action. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Theile D, Cho WC. Pharmacodynamic monitoring using biomarkers to individualize pharmacotherapy. Biomark Med 2019; 13:393-408. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug doses are often titrated upon their clinical effects (e.g., blood pressure). Unfortunately, for many drugs there is no direct, clinical read-out to estimate dose adequateness. Alternatively, drug dosing is based on the maximum tolerated dose approach or therapeutic drug monitoring. However, the concentration-response curves may be flattened or bell-shaped as suggested for some ‘biologicals’. Together, these aspects raise the question why drug dosing is not individualized by pharmacodynamic monitoring. Evaluating the effects of drugs at their pharmacological target or meaningful biomarkers might indicate nonresponders, objectively quantify the maximum molecular effect and thus restrict overdose and underdosing. This review outlines the theory and biological or technical prerequisites for biomarker-based pharmacodynamic monitoring, and highlights selected examples from different fields of clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Theile
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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22
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Xu YQ, Liu SS, Wang ZJ, Li K, Qu R. Commercial personal care product mixtures exhibit hormetic concentration-responses to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 162:304-311. [PMID: 30005403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects related to personal care products (PCPs) are almost induced by some active ingredients in the PCPs rather than the PCP itself. In this study, 23 common and widely used toner, skin water, and make-up water (TSM) commodities were directly taken as mixture samples, and Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67 (Q67) was used as the test organism. The toxicities of the TSMs to Q67 were determined via microplate toxicity analysis at 0.25 h and 12 h. Each TSM commodity can be regarded as a complicated mixture (relative concentration is 1). It was shown that the concentration-response curves (CRCs) of 23 TSMs are monotonic sigmoid-shaped (S-shaped) at 0.25 h, the CRCs of six TSMs are also S-shaped but the other 17 TSMs are non-monotonic hormetic or J-shaped at 12 h. In addition, to effectively characterize the nature of the stimulation and inhibition phases, it is suggested that five parameters such as the ECL (the median stimulation effective concentration (left)), Emin (the maximum stimulation effect), ECmin (the maximum stimulation effective concentration), ZEP (zero effect point where the effect is 0 and the concentration is ZEP), and EC50 can depict the non-monotonic CRC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study about the hormetic CRCs of commercial PCP mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shu-Shen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Ze-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Hormesis: Path and Progression to Significance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102871. [PMID: 30248927 PMCID: PMC6213774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper tells the story of how hormesis became recognized as a fundamental concept in biology, affecting toxicology, microbiology, medicine, public health, agriculture, and all areas related to enhancing biological performance. This paper assesses how hormesis enhances resilience to normal aging and protects against a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and other diseases, as well as trauma and other threats to health and well-being. This paper also explains the application of hormesis to several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease, macrophage polarization and its systematic adaptive protections, and the role of hormesis in enhancing stem cell functioning and medical applications.
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24
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Shephard AM, Aksenov V, Tran J, Nelson CJ, Boreham DR, Rollo CD. Hormetic Effects of Early Juvenile Radiation Exposure on Adult Reproduction and Offspring Performance in the Cricket ( Acheta domesticus). Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818797499. [PMID: 30210269 PMCID: PMC6130088 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818797499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation can have positive impacts on biological performance—a concept known as hormesis. Although radiation hormesis is well-documented, the predominant focus has been medical. In comparison, little research has examined potential effects of early life radiation stress on organismal investment in life history traits that closely influence evolutionary fitness (eg, patterns of growth, survival, and reproduction). Evaluating the fitness consequences of radiation stress is important, given that low-level radiation pollution from anthropogenic sources is considered a major threat to natural ecosystems. Using the cricket (Acheta domesticus), we tested a wide range of doses to assess whether a single juvenile exposure to radiation could induce hormetic benefits on lifetime fitness measures. Consistent with hormesis, we found that low-dose juvenile radiation positively impacted female fecundity, offspring size, and offspring performance. Remarkably, even a single low dose of radiation in early juvenile development can elicit a range of positive fitness effects emerging over the life span and even into the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Shephard
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, MN, USA
| | - Vadim Aksenov
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Tran
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Connor J Nelson
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas R Boreham
- Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - C David Rollo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Rubio-Casillas A, Fernández-Guasti A. The dose makes the poison: from glutamate-mediated neurogenesis to neuronal atrophy and depression. Rev Neurosci 2018; 27:599-622. [PMID: 27096778 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidence has demonstrated that glutamate is an essential factor for neurogenesis, whereas another line of research postulates that excessive glutamatergic neurotransmission is associated with the pathogenesis of depression. The present review shows that such paradox can be explained within the framework of hormesis, defined as biphasic dose responses. Low glutamate levels activate adaptive stress responses that include proteins that protect neurons against more severe stress. Conversely, abnormally high levels of glutamate, resulting from increased release and/or decreased removal, cause neuronal atrophy and depression. The dysregulation of the glutamatergic transmission in depression could be underlined by several factors including a decreased inhibition (γ-aminobutyric acid or serotonin) or an increased excitation (primarily within the glutamatergic system). Experimental evidence shows that the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPAR) can exert two opposite effects on neurogenesis and neuron survival depending on the synaptic or extrasynaptic concentration. Chronic stress, which usually underlies experimental and clinical depression, enhances glutamate release. This overactivates NMDA receptors (NMDAR) and consequently impairs AMPAR activity. Various studies show that treatment with antidepressants decreases plasma glutamate levels in depressed individuals and regulates glutamate receptors by reducing NMDAR function by decreasing the expression of its subunits and by potentiating AMPAR-mediated transmission. Additionally, it has been shown that chronic treatment with antidepressants having divergent mechanisms of action (including tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and ketamine) markedly reduced depolarization-evoked glutamate release in the hippocampus. These data, taken together, suggest that the glutamatergic system could be a final common pathway for antidepressant treatments.
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26
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Turchi B, Mancini S, Pistelli L, Najar B, Fratini F. Sub-inhibitory concentration of essential oils induces antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Prod Res 2017; 33:1509-1513. [PMID: 29272983 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1419237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen Staphylococcus aureus wild strains were stressed with sub-inhibitory concentration of five essential oils: Leptospermum scoparium (manuka), Origanum majorana (marjoram), Origanum vulgare (oregano), Satureja montana (winter savoury) and Thymus vulgaris (thyme). Antibiotics susceptibility profiles of the strains were determined by agar disk diffusion method before and after EOs treatment. The following antibiotics were employed: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, amikacin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, aztreonam, ceftazidime, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, colistin, cefotaxime, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, cephalexin, neomycin, piperacillin, rifampin, streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline and tobramycin. Before EOs treatment, strains were susceptible to all antibiotics except for aztreonam and colistin. After exposure to sub-inhibitory EOs concentration of manuka, marjoram and oregano, several modifications in antibiotics susceptibility profiles were detected. Conversely, few modifications were induced by winter savoury and thyme EOs. Moreover, occurrence of resistances seems uncorrelated with drug classes as low concentration of EO could induce phenotypic changes in susceptible bacteria leading to antibiotic resistance phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Turchi
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Simone Mancini
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- b Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,c Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Basma Najar
- b Department of Pharmacy , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Filippo Fratini
- a Department of Veterinary Sciences , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy.,c Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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28
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Leonard H, Halachmi S, Ben-Dov N, Nativ O, Segal E. Unraveling Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacterial Networks on Micropillar Architectures Using Intrinsic Phase-Shift Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6167-6177. [PMID: 28485961 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
With global antimicrobial resistance becoming increasingly detrimental to society, improving current clinical antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is crucial to allow physicians to initiate appropriate antibiotic treatment as early as possible, reducing not only mortality rates but also the emergence of resistant pathogens. In this work, we tackle the main bottlenecks in clinical AST by designing biofunctionalized silicon micropillar arrays to provide both a preferable solid-liquid interface for bacteria networking and a simultaneous transducing element that monitors the response of bacteria when exposed to chosen antibiotics in real time. We harness the intrinsic ability of the micropillar architectures to relay optical phase-shift reflectometric interference spectroscopic measurements (referred to as PRISM) and employ it as a platform for culture-free, label-free phenotypic AST. The responses of E. coli to various concentrations of five clinically relevant antibiotics are optically tracked by PRISM, allowing for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values to be determined and compared to both standard broth microdilution testing and clinic-based automated AST system readouts. Capture of bacteria within these microtopologies, followed by incubation of the cells with the appropriate antibiotic solution, yields rapid determinations of antibiotic susceptibility. This platform not only provides accurate MIC determinations in a rapid manner (total assay time of 2-3 h versus 8 h with automated AST systems) but can also be employed as an advantageous method to differentiate bacteriostatic and bactericidal antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Leonard
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, ‡Department of Urology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, and §The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Sarel Halachmi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, ‡Department of Urology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, and §The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Nadav Ben-Dov
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, ‡Department of Urology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, and §The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ofer Nativ
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, ‡Department of Urology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, and §The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, ‡Department of Urology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, and §The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Calabrese EJ, Calabrese V, Giordano J. The role of hormesis in the functional performance and protection of neural systems. Brain Circ 2017; 3:1-13. [PMID: 30276298 PMCID: PMC6126232 DOI: 10.4103/2394-8108.203257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper addresses how hormesis, a biphasic dose response, can protect and affect performance of neural systems. Particular attention is directed to the potential role of hormesis in mitigating age-related neurodegenerative diseases, genetically based neurological diseases, as well as stroke, traumatic brain injury, seizure, and stress-related conditions. The hormetic dose response is of particular significance since it mediates the magnitude and range of neuroprotective processes. Consideration of hormetic dose-response concepts can also enhance the quality of study designs, including sample size/statistical power strategies, selection of treatment groups, dose spacing, and temporal/repeat measures’ features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, Catania, Italy
| | - James Giordano
- Department of Neurology and Biochemistry, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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The Emergence of the Dose-Response Concept in Biology and Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122034. [PMID: 27929392 PMCID: PMC5187834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A historical assessment of the origin of the dose–response in modern toxicology and its integration as a central concept in biology and medicine is presented. This article provides an overview of how the threshold, linear and biphasic (i.e., hormetic) dose–response models emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and competed for acceptance and dominance. Particular attention is directed to the hormetic model for which a general description and evaluation is provided, including its historical basis, and how it was marginalized by the medical and pharmacology communities in the early decades of the 20th century.
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31
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Zanzonico P, Dauer L, Strauss HW. Radiobiology in Cardiovascular Imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 9:1446-1461. [PMID: 27931527 PMCID: PMC5877470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of ionizing radiation in medicine revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of disease and dramatically improved and continues to improve the quality of health care. Cardiovascular imaging and medical imaging in general, however, are associated with a range of radiobiologic effects, including, in rare instances, moderate to severe skin damage resulting from cardiac fluoroscopy. For the dose range associated with diagnostic imaging (corresponding to effective doses on the order of 10 mSv [1 rem]), the possible effects are stochastic in nature and largely theoretical. The most notable of these effects, of course, is the possible increase in cancer risk. The current review addresses radiobiology relevant to cardiovascular imaging, with particular emphasis on radiation induction of cancer, including consideration of the linear nonthreshold dose-response model and of alternative models such as radiation hormesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pat Zanzonico
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Lawrence Dauer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Iavicoli I, Fontana L, Corbi M, Leso V, Marinaccio A, Leopold K, Schindl R, Sgambato A. Exposure to Palladium Nanoparticles Affects Serum Levels of Cytokines in Female Wistar Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143801. [PMID: 26618704 PMCID: PMC4664404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Information currently available on the impact of palladium on the immune system mainly derives from studies assessing the biological effects of palladium salts. However, in the last years, there has been a notable increase in occupational and environmental levels of fine and ultrafine palladium particles released from automobile catalytic converters, which may play a role in palladium sensitization. In this context, the evaluation of the possible effects exerted by palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) on the immune system is essential to comprehensively assess palladium immunotoxic potential. Aim Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Pd-NPs on the immune system of female Wistar rats exposed to this xenobiotic for 14 days, by assessing possible quantitative changes in a number of cytokines: IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, GM-CSF, INF-γ and TNF-α. Methods Twenty rats were randomly divided into four exposure groups and one of control. Animals were given a single tail vein injection of vehicle (control group) and different concentrations of Pd-NPs (0.012, 0.12, 1.2 and 12 μg/kg). A multiplex biometric enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate cytokine serum levels. Results The mean serum concentrations of all cytokines decreased after the administration of 0.012 μg/kg of Pd-NPs, whereas exceeded the control levels at higher exposure doses. The highest concentration of Pd-NPs (12 μg/kg) induced a significant increase of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, GM-CSF and INF-γ compared to controls. Discussion and Conclusions These results demonstrated that Pd-NP exposure can affect the immune response of rats inducing a stimulatory action that becomes significant at the highest administered dose. Our findings did not show an imbalance between cytokines produced by CD4+ T helper (Th) cells 1 and 2, thus suggesting a generalized stimulation of the immune system with a simultaneous activation and polarization of the naïve T cells towards Th1 and Th2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Iavicoli
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Fontana
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Maddalena Corbi
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Veruscka Leso
- Institute of Public Health, Section of Occupational Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marinaccio
- Epidemiology Unit, Occupational Medicine Department, Research Division, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Via Alessandria, 220/E, 00198, Rome, Italy
| | - Kerstin Leopold
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert Einstein-Str. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Roland Schindl
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Ulm, Albert Einstein-Str. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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Oberbaum M, Gropp C. Update on hormesis and its relation to homeopathy. HOMEOPATHY 2015; 104:227-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Calabrese EJ. On the origins of the linear no-threshold (LNT) dogma by means of untruths, artful dodges and blind faith. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 142:432-42. [PMID: 26248082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper is an historical assessment of how prominent radiation geneticists in the United States during the 1940s and 1950s successfully worked to build acceptance for the linear no-threshold (LNT) dose-response model in risk assessment, significantly impacting environmental, occupational and medical exposure standards and practices to the present time. Detailed documentation indicates that actions taken in support of this policy revolution were ideologically driven and deliberately and deceptively misleading; that scientific records were artfully misrepresented; and that people and organizations in positions of public trust failed to perform the duties expected of them. Key activities are described and the roles of specific individuals are documented. These actions culminated in a 1956 report by a Genetics Panel of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences (NAS) on Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation (BEAR). In this report the Genetics Panel recommended that a linear dose response model be adopted for the purpose of risk assessment, a recommendation that was rapidly and widely promulgated. The paper argues that current international cancer risk assessment policies are based on fraudulent actions of the U.S. NAS BEAR I Committee, Genetics Panel and on the uncritical, unquestioning and blind-faith acceptance by regulatory agencies and the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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What is hormesis and its relevance to healthy aging and longevity? Biogerontology 2015; 16:693-707. [PMID: 26349923 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9601-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a broad overview of hormesis, a specific type of biphasic dose response, its historical and scientific foundations as well as its biomedical applications, especially with respect to aging. Hormesis is a fundamental component of adaptability, neutralizing many endogenous and environmental challenges by toxic agents, thereby enhancing survival. Hormesis is highly conserved, broadly generalizable, and pleiotrophic, being independent of biological model, endpoint measured, inducing agent, level of biological organization and mechanism. The low dose stimulatory hormetic response has specific characteristics which defines both the quantitative features of biological plasticity and the potential for maximum biological performance, thereby estimating the limits to which numerous medical and pharmacological interventions may affect humans. The substantial degrading of some hormetic processes in the aged may profoundly reduce the capacity to respond effectively to numerous environmental/ischemic and other stressors leading to compromised health, disease and, ultimately, defining the bounds of longevity.
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Rubio-Casillas A, Rodríguez-Quintero C, Rodríguez-Manzo G, Fernández-Guasti A. Unraveling the modulatory actions of serotonin on male rat sexual responses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 55:234-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Georgescu W, Osseiran A, Rojec M, Liu Y, Bombrun M, Tang J, Costes SV. Characterizing the DNA Damage Response by Cell Tracking Algorithms and Cell Features Classification Using High-Content Time-Lapse Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129438. [PMID: 26107175 PMCID: PMC4479605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, the kinetics of DNA repair have been estimated using immunocytochemistry by labeling proteins involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) with fluorescent markers in a fixed cell assay. However, detailed knowledge of DDR dynamics across multiple cell generations cannot be obtained using a limited number of fixed cell time-points. Here we report on the dynamics of 53BP1 radiation induced foci (RIF) across multiple cell generations using live cell imaging of non-malignant human mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A) expressing histone H2B-GFP and the DNA repair protein 53BP1-mCherry. Using automatic extraction of RIF imaging features and linear programming techniques, we were able to characterize detailed RIF kinetics for 24 hours before and 24 hours after exposure to low and high doses of ionizing radiation. High-content-analysis at the single cell level over hundreds of cells allows us to quantify precisely the dose dependence of 53BP1 protein production, RIF nuclear localization and RIF movement after exposure to X-ray. Using elastic registration techniques based on the nuclear pattern of individual cells, we could describe the motion of individual RIF precisely within the nucleus. We show that DNA repair occurs in a limited number of large domains, within which multiple small RIFs form, merge and/or resolve with random motion following normal diffusion law. Large foci formation is shown to be mainly happening through the merging of smaller RIF rather than through growth of an individual focus. We estimate repair domain sizes of 7.5 to 11 µm2 with a maximum number of ~15 domains per MCF10A cell. This work also highlights DDR which are specific to doses larger than 1 Gy such as rapid 53BP1 protein increase in the nucleus and foci diffusion rates that are significantly faster than for spontaneous foci movement. We hypothesize that RIF merging reflects a "stressed" DNA repair process that has been taken outside physiological conditions when too many DSB occur at once. High doses of ionizing radiation lead to RIF merging into repair domains which in turn increases DSB proximity and misrepair. Such finding may therefore be critical to explain the supralinear dose dependence for chromosomal rearrangement and cell death measured after exposure to ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Georgescu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Alma Osseiran
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Maria Rojec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Yueyong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, United States of America
| | | | - Jonathan Tang
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Sylvain V. Costes
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
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van Wijk R, Tans SJ, Wolde PRT, Mashaghi A. Non-monotonic dynamics and crosstalk in signaling pathways and their implications for pharmacology. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11376. [PMID: 26087464 PMCID: PMC5155565 DOI: 10.1038/srep11376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, drug discovery approaches commonly assume a monotonic dose-response relationship. However, the assumption of monotonicity is increasingly being challenged. Here we show that for two simple interacting linear signaling pathways that carry two different signals with different physiological responses, a non-monotonic input-output relation can arise with simple network topologies including coherent and incoherent feed-forward loops. We show that non-monotonicity of the response functions has severe implications for pharmacological treatment. Fundamental constraints are imposed on the effectiveness and toxicity of any drug independent of its chemical nature and selectivity due to the specific network structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roeland van Wijk
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Sander J. Tans
- FOM Institute AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Calabrese EJ. Historical foundations of hormesis. HOMEOPATHY 2015; 104:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Calabrese EJ. Hormesis within a mechanistic context. HOMEOPATHY 2015; 104:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Involvement of GABAergic pathway in the sedative activity of apigenin, the main flavonoid from Passiflora quadrangularis pericarp. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bar-Joseph H, Ben-Ami I, Ron-El R, Shalgi R, Chuderland D. Pigment epithelium–derived factor exerts antioxidative effects in granulosa cells. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:891-898.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Iavicoli I, Fontana L, Leso V, Calabrese EJ. Hormetic dose-responses in nanotechnology studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 487:361-74. [PMID: 24793332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
While exposure to nanoparticles is a growing concern, research into their toxicological impact and possible hazard for human health is limited. There remains a lack of information concerning the nature of the dose-response relationship especially at low level exposures. The present paper assesses the occurrence of hormetic-like biphasic dose responses within the nanotoxicology literature. The findings indicate that nanoparticles may induce hormetic-like biphasic dose responses in a wide range of biological cell types, and that these responses can be highly dependent upon the physical and chemical properties of the agent. While the mechanistic foundations of hormetic dose responses induced by chemicals and pharmaceuticals have markedly advanced over the past decade, this remains an important data need for nanotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Iavicoli
- Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Luca Fontana
- Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Veruscka Leso
- Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Morrill I, N344, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Bell IR, Boyer NN. Homeopathic medications as clinical alternatives for symptomatic care of acute otitis media and upper respiratory infections in children. Glob Adv Health Med 2014; 2:32-43. [PMID: 24381823 PMCID: PMC3833578 DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2013.2.1.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The public health and individual risks of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing and conventional over-the-counter symptomatic drugs in pediatric treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) and upper respiratory infections (URIs) are significant. Clinical research suggests that over-the-counter homeopathic medicines offer pragmatic treatment alternatives to conventional drugs for symptom relief in children with uncomplicated AOM or URIs. Homeopathy is a controversial but demonstrably safe and effective 200-year-old whole system of complementary and alternative medicine used worldwide. Numerous clinical studies demonstrate that homeopathy accelerates early symptom relief in acute illnesses at much lower risk than conventional drug approaches. Evidence-based advantages for homeopathy include lower antibiotic fill rates during watchful waiting in otitis media, fewer and less serious side effects, absence of drug-drug interactions, and reduced parental sick leave from work. Emerging evidence from basic and preclinical science research counter the skeptics' claims that homeopathic remedies are biologically inert placebos. Consumers already accept and use homeopathic medicines for self care, as evidenced by annual US consumer expenditures of $2.9 billion on homeopathic remedies. Homeopathy appears equivalent to and safer than conventional standard care in comparative effectiveness trials, but additional well-designed efficacy trials are indicated. Nonetheless, the existing research evidence on safety supports pragmatic use of homeopathy in order to “first do no harm” in the early symptom management of otherwise uncomplicated AOM and URIs in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris R Bell
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine and College of Nursing, The University of Arizona, Tucson, United States
| | - Nancy N Boyer
- Private Practice, Rochester, New York, United States
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Origin of the linearity no threshold (LNT) dose-response concept. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1621-33. [PMID: 23887208 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper identifies the origin of the linearity at low-dose concept [i.e., linear no threshold (LNT)] for ionizing radiation-induced mutation. After the discovery of X-ray-induced mutations, Olson and Lewis (Nature 121(3052):673-674, 1928) proposed that cosmic/terrestrial radiation-induced mutations provide the principal mechanism for the induction of heritable traits, providing the driving force for evolution. For this concept to be general, a LNT dose relationship was assumed, with genetic damage proportional to the energy absorbed. Subsequent studies suggested a linear dose response for ionizing radiation-induced mutations (Hanson and Heys in Am Nat 63(686):201-213, 1929; Oliver in Science 71:44-46, 1930), supporting the evolutionary hypothesis. Based on an evaluation of spontaneous and ionizing radiation-induced mutation with Drosophila, Muller argued that background radiation had a negligible impact on spontaneous mutation, discrediting the ionizing radiation-based evolutionary hypothesis. Nonetheless, an expanded set of mutation dose-response observations provided a basis for collaboration between theoretical physicists (Max Delbruck and Gunter Zimmer) and the radiation geneticist Nicolai Timoféeff-Ressovsky. They developed interrelated physical science-based genetics perspectives including a biophysical model of the gene, a radiation-induced gene mutation target theory and the single-hit hypothesis of radiation-induced mutation, which, when integrated, provided the theoretical mechanism and mathematical basis for the LNT model. The LNT concept became accepted by radiation geneticists and recommended by national/international advisory committees for risk assessment of ionizing radiation-induced mutational damage/cancer from the mid-1950s to the present. The LNT concept was later generalized to chemical carcinogen risk assessment and used by public health and regulatory agencies worldwide.
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Kirkwood JS, Legette LL, Miranda CL, Jiang Y, Stevens JF. A metabolomics-driven elucidation of the anti-obesity mechanisms of xanthohumol. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:19000-13. [PMID: 23673658 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.445452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild, mitochondrial uncoupling increases energy expenditure and can reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Activation of cellular, adaptive stress response pathways can result in an enhanced capacity to reduce oxidative damage. Together, these strategies target energy imbalance and oxidative stress, both underlying factors of obesity and related conditions such as type 2 diabetes. Here we describe a metabolomics-driven effort to uncover the anti-obesity mechanism(s) of xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated flavonoid from hops. Metabolomics analysis of fasting plasma from obese, Zucker rats treated with XN revealed decreases in products of dysfunctional fatty acid oxidation and ROS, prompting us to explore the effects of XN on muscle cell bioenergetics. At low micromolar concentrations, XN acutely increased uncoupled respiration in several different cell types, including myocytes. Tetrahydroxanthohumol also increased respiration, suggesting electrophilicity did not play a role. At higher concentrations, XN inhibited respiration in a ROS-dependent manner. In myocytes, time course metabolomics revealed acute activation of glutathione recycling and long term induction of glutathione synthesis as well as several other changes indicative of short term elevated cellular stress and a concerted adaptive response. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that XN may ameliorate metabolic syndrome, at least in part, through mitochondrial uncoupling and stress response induction. In addition, time course metabolomics appears to be an effective strategy for uncovering metabolic events that occur during a stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S Kirkwood
- Linus Pauling Institute and the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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Sengupta S, Chattopadhyay MK, Grossart HP. The multifaceted roles of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in nature. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:47. [PMID: 23487476 PMCID: PMC3594987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are chemotherapeutic agents, which have been a very powerful tool in the clinical management of bacterial diseases since the 1940s. However, benefits offered by these magic bullets have been substantially lost in subsequent days following the widespread emergence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant strains. While it is obvious that excessive and imprudent use of antibiotics significantly contributes to the emergence of resistant strains, antibiotic resistance is also observed in natural bacteria of remote places unlikely to be impacted by human intervention. Both antibiotic biosynthetic genes and resistance-conferring genes have been known to evolve billions of years ago, long before clinical use of antibiotics. Hence it appears that antibiotics and antibiotics resistance determinants have some other roles in nature, which often elude our attention because of overemphasis on the therapeutic importance of antibiotics and the crisis imposed by the antibiotic resistance in pathogens. In the natural milieu, antibiotics are often found to be present in sub-inhibitory concentrations acting as signaling molecules supporting the process of quorum sensing and biofilm formation. They also play an important role in the production of virulence factors and influence host-parasite interactions (e.g., phagocytosis, adherence to the target cell, and so on). The evolutionary and ecological aspects of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in the naturally occurring microbial community are little understood. Therefore, the actual role of antibiotics in nature warrants in-depth investigations. Studies on such an intriguing behavior of the microorganisms promise insight into the intricacies of the microbial physiology and are likely to provide some lead in controlling the emergence and subsequent dissemination of antibiotic resistance. This article highlights some of the recent findings on the role of antibiotics and the genes that confer resistance to antibiotics in nature.
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Stimulatory effect of xenobiotics on oxidative electron transport of chemolithotrophic nitrifying bacteria used as biosensing element. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53484. [PMID: 23326438 PMCID: PMC3541135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron transport chain (ETCh) of ammonium (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) participates in oxidation of ammonium to nitrate (nitrification). Operation of ETCh may be perturbed by a range of water-soluble xenobiotics. Therefore, consortia of nitrifying bacteria may be used as a biosensor to detect water contamination. A surprising feature of this system is an increase of oxygen consumption, detected in the presence of certain inhibitors of ETCh. Thus, to shed light on the mechanism of this effect (and other differences between inhibitors) we monitored separately respiration of the bacteria of the first (AOB - Nitrosomonas) and second (NOB -Nitrobacter) stages of nitrification. Furthermore, we measured plasma membrane potential and the level of reduction of NAD(P)H. We propose a novel model of ETCh in NOB to explain the role of reverse electron transport in the stimulation of oxygen consumption (previously attributed to hormesis).
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Tedesco I, Spagnuolo C, Russo M, Iannitti R, Nappo A, Russo GL. Protective Effect of γ-Irradiation Against Hypochlorous Acid-Induced Haemolysis in Human Erythrocytes. Dose Response 2012; 11:401-12. [PMID: 23983667 PMCID: PMC3748851 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.12-025.tedesco] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiations may trigger protective response within a threshold of doses applied. Exposures above an upper threshold are generally detrimental, while exposures below a lower threshold may or may not increase risks for health. We recently reported that a cellular protective response occurs in interventional cardiologists to counteract the oxidative damage caused by radiation. Here, we demonstrated in an in vitro model represented by whole blood of healthy donors γ-irradiated with 220-440 mGy, that haemolysis of erythrocytes induced by hypochlorous acid was reduced by 40%. The protection triggered by γ-radiations made erythrocytes more resistant to oxidative insult caused by hypochlorous acid which was induced 3 h after irradiation and involved biochemical changes in the synthesis and turnover of glutathione. Overall, the biochemical remodelling induced by exposure to γ-radiations might contribute to generate new guidelines in professionally exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Roberta Iannitti
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Annunziata Nappo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100, Avellino, Italy
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