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Ventrello SW, McMurry NR, Edwards NM, Bain LJ. Chronic arsenic exposure affects stromal cells and signaling in the small intestine in a sex-specific manner. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:303-315. [PMID: 38310360 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a toxicant that is ingested through drinking water and food, exposing nearly 140 million people to levels above the 10 ppb guideline concentration. Studies have shown that arsenic affects intestinal stem cells (ISCs), but the mechanisms by which arsenic alters the formation of adult cells in the small intestine are not well understood. Signals derived from intestinal stromal cells initiate and maintain differentiation. The goal of this study is to evaluate arsenic's effect on intestinal stromal cells, including PdgfrαLo trophocytes, located proximal to the ISCs, and PdgfrαHi telocytes, located proximal to the transit-amplifying region and up the villi. Adult Sox9tm2Crm-EGFP mice were exposed to 0, 33, and 100 ppb sodium arsenite in their drinking water for 13 weeks, and sections of duodenum were examined. Flow cytometry indicated that arsenic exposure dose-responsively reduced Sox9+ epithelial cells and trended toward increased Pdgfrα+ cells. The trophocyte marker, CD81, was reduced by 10-fold and 9.0-fold in the 100 ppb exposure group in male and female mice, respectively. Additionally, a significant 2.2- to 3.1-fold increase in PdgfrαLo expression was found in male mice in trophocytes and Igfbp5+ cells. PdgfrαHi protein expression, a telocyte marker, was more prevalent along the villus/crypt structure in females, whereas Gli1 expression (telocytes) was reduced in male mice exposed to arsenic. Principle coordinate analysis confirmed the sex-dependent response to arsenic exposure, with an increase in trophocyte and decrease in telocyte marker expression observed in male mice. These results imply that arsenic alters intestinal mesenchymal cells in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Ventrello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Nicholas R McMurry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Nicholas M Edwards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | - Lisa J Bain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
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2
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Wang J, Bakker W, de Haan L, Bouwmeester H. Deoxynivalenol increases pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and reduces primary bile acid transport in an inflamed intestinal in vitro co-culture model. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113323. [PMID: 37803634 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The fungal secondary metabolite deoxynivalenol (DON) that can contaminate cereal-based food products not only induces inflammation but also reduces bile acid absorption by a healthy human intestine. Bile acid malabsorption is commonly observed in individuals with an inflamed intestine. Here we studied the effects of DON on inflammation and primary bile acid transport using an in vitro model for an inflamed intestine. An inflamed intestinal in vitro model was established by co-culturing a Caco-2 cell-layer and LPS-pre-stimulated THP-1 macrophages in Transwells. We observed a decreased transport of 5 primary bile acids across inflamed co-cultures compared to healthy co-cultures but not of chenodeoxycholic acid. DON exposure further reduced the transport of the affected primary bile acids across the inflamed co-cultures. DON exposure also enhanced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the inflamed co-cultures, while it did not increase the pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion from LPS-pre-stimulated THP-1 monocultures. Exposure of Caco-2 cell-layers to pro-inflammatory cytokines or THP-1 conditioned media partly mimicked the DON-induced effects of the co-culture model. Local activation of intestinal immune cells reinforces the direct pro-inflammatory effects of DON on intestinal epithelial cells. This affects the bile acid intestinal kinetics in an inflamed intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Wang
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Wouter Bakker
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura de Haan
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Bouwmeester
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
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3
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Inorganic arsenic alters the development of dopaminergic neurons but not serotonergic neurons and induces motor neuron development via Sonic hedgehog pathway in zebrafish. Neurosci Lett 2023; 795:137042. [PMID: 36587726 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.137042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of inorganic arsenic-induced neurotoxicity at the cellular level is not known. In zebrafish, teratological effects of inorganic arsenic have been shown at various concentrations. Here, we used similar concentrations of inorganic arsenic to evaluate the effects on specific neuron types. Exposure of zebrafish embryos at 5 h post fertilization (hpf) to sodium arsenite induced developmental toxicity (reduced body length) in 72 hpf larvae, beginning at a concentration of 300 mg/L concentration. Mortality or overt morphological deformity was detected at 500 mg/L sodium arsenite. While 200 mg/L sodium arsenite induced development of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (dopaminergic) neurons, there was no significant effect on the development of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonergic) neurons. Sodium arsenite reduced acetylcholinesterase activity. In the hb9-GFP transgenic larvae, both 200 and 400 mg/L sodium arsenite produced supernumerary motor neurons in the spinal cord. Inhibition of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway that is essential for motor neuron development, by Gant61, prevented sodium arsenite-induced supernumerary motor neuron development. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) revealed that with 200 mg/L and 400 mg/L sodium arsenite treatment, each larva had an average of 387.8 pg and 847.5 pg arsenic, respectively. The data show for the first time that inorganic arsenic alters the development of dopaminergic and motor neurons in the zebrafish larvae and the latter occurs through the Shh pathway. These results may help understand why arsenic-exposed populations suffer from psychiatric disorders and motor neuron disease and Shh may, potentially, serve as a plasma biomarker of arsenic toxicity.
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Khan MI, Ahmad MF, Ahmad I, Ashfaq F, Wahab S, Alsayegh AA, Kumar S, Hakeem KR. Arsenic Exposure through Dietary Intake and Associated Health Hazards in the Middle East. Nutrients 2022; 14:2136. [PMID: 35631276 PMCID: PMC9146532 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary arsenic (As) contamination is a major public health issue. In the Middle East, the food supply relies primarily on the import of food commodities. Among different age groups the main source of As exposure is grains and grain-based food products, particularly rice and rice-based dietary products. Rice and rice products are a rich source of core macronutrients and act as a chief energy source across the world. The rate of rice consumption ranges from 250 to 650 g per day per person in South East Asian countries. The source of carbohydrates through rice is one of the leading causes of human As exposure. The Gulf population consumes primarily rice and ready-to-eat cereals as a large proportion of their meals. Exposure to arsenic leads to an increased risk of non-communicable diseases such as dysbiosis, obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, chronic heart disease, cancer, and maternal and fetal complications. The impact of arsenic-containing food items and their exposure on health outcomes are different among different age groups. In the Middle East countries, neurological deficit disorder (NDD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases are alarming issues. Arsenic exposure might be a causative factor that should be assessed by screening the population and regulatory bodies rechecking the limits of As among all age groups. Our goals for this review are to outline the source and distribution of arsenic in various foods and water and summarize the health complications linked with arsenic toxicity along with identified modifiers that add heterogeneity in biological responses and suggest improvements for multi-disciplinary interventions to minimize the global influence of arsenic. The development and validation of diverse analytical techniques to evaluate the toxic levels of different As contaminants in our food products is the need of the hour. Furthermore, standard parameters and guidelines for As-containing foods should be developed and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Idreesh Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Arras, Qassim University, Buraydah 58883, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fauzia Ashfaq
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Sachil Kumar
- Department of Forensic Chemistry, College of Forensic Sciences, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences (NAUSS), Riyadh 14812, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al- Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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5
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Stýblo M, Venkatratnam A, Fry RC, Thomas DJ. Origins, fate, and actions of methylated trivalent metabolites of inorganic arsenic: progress and prospects. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:1547-1572. [PMID: 33768354 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03028-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The toxic metalloid inorganic arsenic (iAs) is widely distributed in the environment. Chronic exposure to iAs from environmental sources has been linked to a variety of human diseases. Methylation of iAs is the primary pathway for metabolism of iAs. In humans, methylation of iAs is catalyzed by arsenic (+ 3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT). Conversion of iAs to mono- and di-methylated species (MAs and DMAs) detoxifies iAs by increasing the rate of whole body clearance of arsenic. Interindividual differences in iAs metabolism play key roles in pathogenesis of and susceptibility to a range of disease outcomes associated with iAs exposure. These adverse health effects are in part associated with the production of methylated trivalent arsenic species, methylarsonous acid (MAsIII) and dimethylarsinous acid (DMAsIII), during AS3MT-catalyzed methylation of iAs. The formation of these metabolites activates iAs to unique forms that cause disease initiation and progression. Taken together, the current evidence suggests that methylation of iAs is a pathway for detoxification and for activation of the metalloid. Beyond this general understanding of the consequences of iAs methylation, many questions remain unanswered. Our knowledge of metabolic targets for MAsIII and DMAsIII in human cells and mechanisms for interactions between these arsenicals and targets is incomplete. Development of novel analytical methods for quantitation of MAsIII and DMAsIII in biological samples promises to address some of these gaps. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the enzymatic basis of MAsIII and DMAsIII formation, the toxic actions of these metabolites, and methods available for their detection and quantification in biomatrices. Major knowledge gaps and future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Stýblo
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Abhishek Venkatratnam
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David J Thomas
- Chemical Characterization and Exposure Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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6
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Maares M, Haase H. A Guide to Human Zinc Absorption: General Overview and Recent Advances of In Vitro Intestinal Models. Nutrients 2020; 12:E762. [PMID: 32183116 PMCID: PMC7146416 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc absorption in the small intestine is one of the main mechanisms regulating the systemic homeostasis of this essential trace element. This review summarizes the key aspects of human zinc homeostasis and distribution. In particular, current knowledge on human intestinal zinc absorption and the influence of diet-derived factors on bioaccessibility and bioavailability as well as intrinsic luminal and basolateral factors with an impact on zinc uptake are discussed. Their investigation is increasingly performed using in vitro cellular intestinal models, which are continually being refined and keep gaining importance for studying zinc uptake and transport via the human intestinal epithelium. The vast majority of these models is based on the human intestinal cell line Caco-2 in combination with other relevant components of the intestinal epithelium, such as mucin-secreting goblet cells and in vitro digestion models, and applying improved compositions of apical and basolateral media to mimic the in vivo situation as closely as possible. Particular emphasis is placed on summarizing previous applications as well as key results of these models, comparing their results to data obtained in humans, and discussing their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Maares
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hajo Haase
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, D-13353 Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Germany
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7
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In Vitro Evaluation of the Protective Role of Lactobacillus StrainsAgainst Inorganic Arsenic Toxicity. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 12:1484-1491. [PMID: 32077013 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic arsenic [iAs, As(III) + As(V)] is considered a human carcinogen. Recent studies show that it has also toxic effects on the intestinal epithelium which might partly explain its systemic toxicity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) against the toxic effects of iAs on the intestinal epithelium. For this purpose, the human colonic cells Caco-2 were exposed to As(III) in the presence of various LAB strains or their conditioned medium. Results showed that some strains and their conditioned media partially revert the oxidative stress, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the alterations of the distribution of tight junction proteins, and the cell permeability increases caused by As(III). These results show that both soluble factors secreted or resulting from LAB metabolism and cell-cell interactions are possibly involved in the beneficial effects. Therefore, some LAB strains have potential as protective agents against iAs intestinal barrier disruption.
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8
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Yamamoto S, Kawano F, Yokoyama H, Kobayashi S. Effects of Kudoa septempunctata infections in a human intestinal epithelial model (Caco-2): a DNA microarray study. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1030-1038. [PMID: 31906820 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1709791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Kudoa septempunctata, a myxosporean parasite infecting the trunk muscles of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), is reported to cause food poisoning in humans. The molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of K. septempunctata spores remain largely unknown. In the present study, we examine the molecular basis of such toxicity using DNA microarray analysis of K. septempunctata-inoculated human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). We observed that the transepithelial resistance of the K. septempunctata-inoculated Caco-2 cell monolayers decreased markedly. DNA microarray analysis revealed that the mRNA expression profiles of control and inoculated cells clearly differed. Inflammatory and bacteria-related pathways, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) production and MAPK/NF-kappa B pathway, were enriched. The concentrations of IL-8 and serotonin (5-HT) were higher in inoculated cells than in controls. K. septempunctata invasion damages the human intestinal epithelium, causing increased production of IL-8 and 5-HT, which likely results in the vomiting associated with K. septempunctata invasion.Abbreviations: AP-1: activator protein 1; DAVID: Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery; ENS: enteric nervous system; FARMS: Factor Analysis for Robust Microarray Summarization; FDR: false discovery rate; GO: Gene Ontology; 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine; IL-8: Interleukin-8; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; K. septempunctata: Kudoa septempunctata; NF-kappa B: nuclear factor-kappa B; TJ: tight junction; TER: transepithelial electrical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yamamoto
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumi Kawano
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokoyama
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Kobayashi
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Chiocchetti GM, Vélez D, Devesa V. Inorganic arsenic causes intestinal barrier disruption. Metallomics 2019; 11:1411-1418. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00144a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to inorganic arsenic, principally to As(iii), has an effect on intestinal permeability, causing a loss of intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dinoraz Vélez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC)
- 46980 – Paterna
- Spain
| | - Vicenta Devesa
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC)
- 46980 – Paterna
- Spain
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10
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Ponce de León-Rodríguez MDC, Guyot JP, Laurent-Babot C. Intestinal in vitro cell culture models and their potential to study the effect of food components on intestinal inflammation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3648-3666. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1506734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Pierre Guyot
- NUTRIPASS—University of Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
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11
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Effect of subchronic exposure to inorganic arsenic on the structure and function of the intestinal epithelium. Toxicol Lett 2018; 286:80-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Notch EG, Goodale BC, Barnaby R, Coutermarsh B, Berwin B, Taylor VF, Jackson BP, Stanton BA. Monomethylarsonous Acid (MMAIII) Has an Adverse Effect on the Innate Immune Response of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142392. [PMID: 26554712 PMCID: PMC4640536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is the number one contaminant of concern with regard to human health according to the World Health Organization. Epidemiological studies on Asian and South American populations have linked arsenic exposure with an increased incidence of lung disease, including pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, both of which are associated with bacterial infection. However, little is known about the effects of low dose arsenic exposure, or the contributions of organic arsenic to the innate immune response to bacterial infection. This study examined the effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) induced cytokine secretion by human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) by inorganic sodium arsenite (iAsIII) and two major metabolites, monomethylarsonous acid (MMAIII) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMAV), at concentrations relevant to the U.S. population. Neither iAsIII nor DMAV altered P. aeruginosa induced cytokine secretion. By contrast, MMAIII increased P. aeruginosa induced secretion of IL-8, IL-6 and CXCL2. A combination of iAsIII, MMAIII and DMAV (10 pbb total) reduced IL-8 and CXCL1 secretion. These data demonstrate for the first time that exposure to MMAIII alone, and a combination of iAsIII, MMAIII and DMAV at levels relevant to the U.S. may have negative effects on the innate immune response of human bronchial epithelial cells to P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily G. Notch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Britton C. Goodale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Roxanna Barnaby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Bonita Coutermarsh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Brent Berwin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Vivien F. Taylor
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Brian P. Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Stanton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
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13
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Paul S, Majumdar S, Giri AK. Genetic susceptibility to arsenic-induced skin lesions and health effects: a review. Genes Environ 2015; 37:23. [PMID: 27350818 PMCID: PMC4917933 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-015-0023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic toxicity in humans manifests several outcomes in humans, which include arsenic-induced genomic instability, DNA damage, impaired DNA repair, carcinogenesis, dermatological lesions and other health related problems. Of the 137 million individuals affected, nearly 26 million individuals are in the state of West Bengal, India. Studies have identified dermatological lesions like keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, Bowen’s diseases, squamous cell carcinoma, etc., as key indicators of aggressive arsenic toxicity in humans. Although a large number of individuals are exposed to arsenic but only about 15 to 20 % individuals showed arsenic induced skin lesions. This clearly indicates that genetic susceptibility plays an important role in arsenic susceptibility. Analyses of genetic susceptibility have been carried out to study the prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in number of genes as they might be involved arsenic metabolism and detoxification. It has been observed that a number SNPs in these genes were significantly associated with arsenic induced skin lesions and other health effects. In the present review we try to coalesce the different observations and associations of SNPs with arsenic-induced toxicity, with special emphasis on the study population from West Bengal. We have adopted certain candidate gene approaches to evaluate the association of arsenic-induced toxic outcomes like skin lesions, conjunctival irritations, DNA damage, epimutagenesis, cancer, etc. This review shall be helpful in understanding the importance of genetic make-up of an individual towards evaluating the xenotoxic outcomes, like those in case of arsenic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Paul
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal India
| | - Sangita Majumdar
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal India
| | - Ashok K Giri
- Molecular and Human Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032 West Bengal India
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14
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Toxic trace elements at gastrointestinal level. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:163-75. [PMID: 26482641 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many trace elements are considered essential [iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu)], whereas others may be harmful [lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As)], depending on their concentration and chemical form. In most cases, the diet is the main pathway by which they enter our organism. The presence of toxic trace elements in food has been known for a long time, and many of the food matrices that carry them have been identified. This has led to the appearance of legislation and recommendations concerning consumption. Given that the main route of exposure is oral, passage through the gastrointestinal tract plays a fundamental role in their entry into the organism, where they exert their toxic effect. Although the digestive system can be considered to be of crucial importance in their toxicity, in most cases we do not know the events that occur during the passage of these elements through the gastrointestinal tract and of ascertaining whether they may have some kind of toxic effect on it. The aim of this review is to summarize available information on this subject, concentrating on the toxic trace elements that are of greatest interest for organizations concerned with food safety and health: Pb, Cd, Hg and As.
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