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Li J, Wang X, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Kuca K. Deoxynivalenol induces cell senescence in RAW264.7 macrophages via HIF-1α-mediated activation of the p53/p21 pathway. Toxicology 2024; 506:153868. [PMID: 38906241 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a potent mycotoxin, exhibits strong immunotoxicity and poses a significant threat to human and animal health. Cell senescence has been implicated in the immunomodulatory effects of DON; however, the potential of DON to induce cell senescence remains inadequately explored. Emerging evidence suggests that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) serves as a crucial target of mycotoxins and is closely involved in cell senescence. To investigate this potential, we employed the RAW264.7 macrophage model and treated the cells with varying concentrations of DON (2-8 μM) for 24 h. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 2365 genes were significantly upregulation while 2405 genes were significantly decreased after exposure to DON. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated substantial enrichment in pathways associated with cellular senescence and hypoxia. Remarkably, we observed a rapid and sustained increase in HIF-1α expression following DON treatment. DON induced cell senescence through the activation of the p53/p21WAF1/CIP1 (p21) and p16INK4A (p16) pathways, while also upregulating the expression of nuclear factor-κB, leading to the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, including IL-6, IL-8, and CCL2. Crucially, HIF-1α positively regulated the expression of p53, p21, and p16, as well as the secretion of SASP factors. Additionally, DON induced cell cycle arrest at the S phase, enhanced the activity of the senescence biomarker senescence-associated β-galactosidase, and disrupted cell morphology, characterized by mitochondrial damage. Our study elucidates that DON induces cell senescence in RAW264.7 macrophages by modulating the HIF-1α/p53/p21 pathway. These findings provide valuable insights for the accurate prevention of DON-induced immunotoxicity and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50003, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 50005, Czech Republic.
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Qu Z, Ren X, Du Z, Hou J, Li Y, Yao Y, An Y. Fusarium mycotoxins: The major food contaminants. MLIFE 2024; 3:176-206. [PMID: 38948146 PMCID: PMC11211685 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Mycotoxins, which are secondary metabolites produced by toxicogenic fungi, are natural food toxins that cause acute and chronic adverse reactions in humans and animals. The genus Fusarium is one of three major genera of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Trichothecenes, fumonisins, and zearalenone are the major Fusarium mycotoxins that occur worldwide. Fusarium mycotoxins have the potential to infiltrate the human food chain via contamination during crop production and food processing, eventually threatening human health. The occurrence and development of Fusarium mycotoxin contamination will change with climate change, especially with variations in temperature, precipitation, and carbon dioxide concentration. To address these challenges, researchers have built a series of effective models to forecast the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins and provide guidance for crop production. Fusarium mycotoxins frequently exist in food products at extremely low levels, thus necessitating the development of highly sensitive and reliable detection techniques. Numerous successful detection methods have been developed to meet the requirements of various situations, and an increasing number of methods are moving toward high-throughput features. Although Fusarium mycotoxins cannot be completely eliminated, numerous agronomic, chemical, physical, and biological methods can lower Fusarium mycotoxin contamination to safe levels during the preharvest and postharvest stages. These theoretical innovations and technological advances have the potential to facilitate the development of comprehensive strategies for effectively managing Fusarium mycotoxin contamination in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qu
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
| | - Xianfeng Ren
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro‐ProductsShandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinanChina
| | - Zhaolin Du
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
| | - Jie Hou
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
| | - Ye Li
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
| | - Yanpo Yao
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
| | - Yi An
- Agro‐Environmental Protection InstituteMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsTianjinChina
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Yao C, Hao S, Zhang C, Liu L, Jia Y, Meng P, Wu C, Guo X. Modulatory interactions of T-2 and deoxynivalenol mycotoxins on murine femoral development and osteological integrity. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114630. [PMID: 38604577 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted a systematic assessment of the effectsof deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 mycotoxins (T-2) on the developmental processes and structural integrity of murine femurs, considering both the isolated and synergistic effects of these toxins. To this end, we divided 72 male mice into nine groups, each subjected to varying dosages of T-2, DON, or their combinations. Over a four-week experimental period, meticulous monitoring was undertaken regarding the mice's body weight, biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption, and the activity of relevant cells. To comprehensively evaluate alterations in bone structure, we employed biomechanical analysis, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and transmission electron microscopy.Our findings unveiled a significant revelation: the mice exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in body weight upon exposure to individual mycotoxins, while the combined use of these toxins manifested an atypical antagonistic effect. Furthermore, we observed variations in the levels of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, as well as adjustments in the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, all intricately linked to the dosage and ratio of the toxins. Alterations in biomechanical properties were also noted to correlate with the dosage and combination of toxins. Analyses via micro-CT and transmission electron microscopy further corroborated the substantial impact of toxin dosage and combinations on both cortical and trabecular bone structures.In summation, our research unequivocally demonstrates the dose- and ratio-dependent detrimental effects of DON and T-2 mycotoxins on the growth and structural integrity of murine femurs. These insights accentuate the importance of a profound understanding of the potential risks these toxins pose to bone health, offering pivotal guidance for future toxicological research and public health preventative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yao
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China; Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuichu Hao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yumeng Jia
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Peilin Meng
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Cuiyan Wu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Xiong Guo
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University; NHC Key Laboratory of Environment and Endemic Diseases, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Jiang JL, Zhou YY, Zhong WW, Luo LY, Liu SY, Xie XY, Mu MY, Jiang ZG, Xue Y, Zhang J, He YH. Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 prevents the progression of liver injury. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1189-1212. [PMID: 38577195 PMCID: PMC10989491 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i9.1189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) plays a crucial role in metabolizing and detoxifying endogenous and exogenous substances. However, its contribution to the progression of liver damage remains unclear. AIM To determine the role and mechanism of UGT1A1 in liver damage progression. METHODS We investigated the relationship between UGT1A1 expression and liver injury through clinical research. Additionally, the impact and mechanism of UGT1A1 on the progression of liver injury was analyzed through a mouse model study. RESULTS Patients with UGT1A1 gene mutations showed varying degrees of liver damage, while patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) exhibited relatively reduced levels of UGT1A1 protein in the liver as compared to patients with chronic hepatitis. This suggests that low UGT1A1 levels may be associated with the progression of liver damage. In mouse models of liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and concanavalin A (ConA), the hepatic levels of UGT1A1 protein were found to be increased. In mice with lipopolysaccharide or liver steatosis-mediated liver-injury progression, the hepatic protein levels of UGT1A1 were decreased, which is consistent with the observations in patients with ACLF. UGT1A1 knockout exacerbated CCl4- and ConA-induced liver injury, hepatocyte apoptosis and necroptosis in mice, intensified hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and oxidative stress, and disrupted lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION UGT1A1 is upregulated as a compensatory response during liver injury, and interference with this upregulation process may worsen liver injury. UGT1A1 reduces ER stress, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism disorder, thereby mitigating hepatocyte apoptosis and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Lian Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yi-Yang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jingmen Central Hospital, Jingmen 448000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lin-Yan Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Anshun People’s Hospital, Anshun 561099, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Si-Ying Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xie
- Department of General Practice, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Mao-Yuan Mu
- Department of Intervention Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Jiang
- School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563099, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- Department of Liver Diseases, Third People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Digestion, Dafang County People’s Hospital, Bijie 551600, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yi-Huai He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
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Yang Y, Song B, Guo M, Gao J, Jiang L, Li Q, Liu Y, Cao J. p53-dependent HIF-1α /autophagy mediated glycolysis to support Cr(VI)-induced cell growth and cell migration. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 272:116076. [PMID: 38335577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cr(VI) is known to be seriously toxic and carcinogenic. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a crucial regulator to promote tumor development. In this study, we found that Cr(VI) significantly increased the expression of HIF-1α in A549 cells and in lung of BALB/c mice but not in HELF cells. Treatment with Lificiguat (YC-1), HIF-1α inhibitor, or CoCl2, HIF-1α inducer, could alter Cr(VI)-induced autophagy, glycolysis, and cell growth in A549 cells but not in HELF cells, validating the involvement of HIF-1α in these effects of Cr(VI) in A549 cells. Co-treatments of pcATG4B with YC-1, or siATG4B with CoCl2 demonstrated the role of HIF-1α / autophagy axis in inducing glycolysis and cell growth in A549 cells. In HELF cells, however, only autophagy but not HIF-1α played a role in inducing glycolysis. The protein level of p53 was significantly lower in A549 cells than in HELF cells. RITA, a p53 inducer, attenuated Cr(VI)-induced HIF-1α and LC3-II in A549 cells, suggesting that p53 might be the mechanism underlying the different effects of Cr(VI) on HIF-1α in A549 and HELF cells. Thus, p53-dependent HIF-1α / autophagy-mediated glycolysis plays a role in facilitating Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Minna Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jianfeng Gao
- Department of Surgery, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liping Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Qiujuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Dalian Medical University, No. 9 W. Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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Wang Y, Wang B, Wang P, Hua Z, Zhang S, Wang X, Yang X, Zhang C. Review of neurotoxicity of T-2 toxin. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:85-95. [PMID: 38217761 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-024-00518-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
T-2 toxin is a representative trichothecene that is widely detected in corn, wheat and other grain feeds. T-2 toxin has stable physical and chemical properties, making it difficult to remove from food and feed. Hence, T-2 toxin has become an unavoidable pollutant in food for humans and animals. T-2 toxin can enter brain tissue by crossing the blood-brain barrier and leads to congestion, swelling and even apoptosis of neurons. T-2 toxin poisoning can directly lead to clinical symptoms (anti-feeding reaction and decline of learning and memory function in humans and animals). Maternal T-2 toxin exposure also exerted toxic effects on the central nervous system of offspring. Oxidative stress is the core neurotoxicity mechanism underlying T-2 toxin poison. Oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis, mitochondrial oxidative damage and inflammation are all involved in the neurotoxicity induced by T-2 toxin. Thus, alleviating oxidative stress has become a potential target for relieving the neurotoxicity induced by T-2 toxin. Future efforts should be devoted to revealing the neurotoxic molecular mechanism of T-2 toxin and exploring effective therapeutic drugs to alleviate T-2 toxin-induced neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youshuang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Peilin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Zeao Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control of Poultry Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhengzhou, China.
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Liu L, Liu H, Meng P, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Jia Y, Cheng B, Lammi MJ, Zhang F, Guo X. Involvement of Yes-Associated Protein 1 Activation in the Matrix Degradation of Human-Induced-Pluripotent-Stem-Cell-Derived Chondrocytes Induced by T-2 Toxin and Deoxynivalenol Alone and in Combination. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:878. [PMID: 38255951 PMCID: PMC10815455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) are two prevalent mycotoxins that cause cartilage damage in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD). Cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation in chondrocytes is a significant pathological feature of KBD. It has been shown that the Hippo pathway is involved in cartilage ECM degradation. This study aimed to examine the effect of YAP, a major regulator of the Hippo pathway, on the ECM degradation in the hiPS-derived chondrocytes (hiPS-Ch) model of KBD. The hiPS-Ch injury models were established via treatment with T-2 toxin/DON alone or in combination. We found that T-2 toxin and DON inhibited the proliferation of hiPS-Ch in a dose-dependent manner; significantly increased the levels of YAP, SOX9, and MMP13; and decreased the levels of COL2A1 and ACAN (all p values < 0.05). Immunofluorescence revealed that YAP was primarily located in the nuclei of hiPS-Ch, and its expression level increased with toxin concentrations. The inhibition of YAP resulted in the dysregulated expression of chondrogenic markers (all p values < 0.05). These findings suggest that T-2 toxin and DON may inhibit the proliferation of, and induce the ECM degradation, of hiPS-Ch mediated by YAP, providing further insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to cartilage damage caused by toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.L.); (H.L.); (P.M.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.J.); (B.C.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.L.); (H.L.); (P.M.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.J.); (B.C.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Peilin Meng
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.L.); (H.L.); (P.M.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.J.); (B.C.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.L.); (H.L.); (P.M.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.J.); (B.C.); (M.J.L.)
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Feng’e Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.L.); (H.L.); (P.M.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.J.); (B.C.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Yumeng Jia
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.L.); (H.L.); (P.M.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.J.); (B.C.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Bolun Cheng
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.L.); (H.L.); (P.M.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.J.); (B.C.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Mikko J. Lammi
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.L.); (H.L.); (P.M.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.J.); (B.C.); (M.J.L.)
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, University of Umeå, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.L.); (H.L.); (P.M.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.J.); (B.C.); (M.J.L.)
| | - Xiong Guo
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Disease and Health Promotion for Silk Road Region, Xi’an 710061, China; (L.L.); (H.L.); (P.M.); (Y.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.J.); (B.C.); (M.J.L.)
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Xiao H, Qin Z, Xu B, Long M, Wu Q, Guo X, Zhang H, Li Z, Wu W. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10 Alleviates the Immunosuppressive Effects of Deoxynivalenol and Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Infection. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 16:14. [PMID: 38251231 PMCID: PMC10819842 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the most common mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) can contaminate a wide range of crops and foods. Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) is a kind of immunosuppressive virus, which can cause porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVD) in pig farms infected with PCV2. Pigs are extremely sensitive to DON, and PCV2-infected pig farms are often contaminated with DON. Our previous studies indicated that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10 (B10) has the potential to alleviate the toxicity of mycotoxins. The research was aimed at investigating the effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10 on the immunosuppressive effects caused by both DON and PCV2 infection. The results indicated that the expression of the PCV2 capsid protein CAP was significantly decreased after pretreatment with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10. Then, the effects of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10 pretreatment on the type I interferon, antiviral protein and the antiviral signal pathway cGAS-STING was further investigated. The findings displayed that the expression of the type I interferon and antiviral protein were increased, while the IL-10 were decreased after pretreatment with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10. The inhibition of DON on the cGAS-STING signal pathway was relieved. Furthermore, it was found that this intervention effect was produced by inhibiting autophagy. In summary, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B10 can mitigate the immunosuppressive effects of PCV2 and DON by inhibiting the production of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Xiao
- Joint Research Center for Foodborne Functional Factors and Green Preparation, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.X.); (Z.Q.); (B.X.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Zihui Qin
- Joint Research Center for Foodborne Functional Factors and Green Preparation, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.X.); (Z.Q.); (B.X.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Baocai Xu
- Joint Research Center for Foodborne Functional Factors and Green Preparation, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.X.); (Z.Q.); (B.X.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
| | - Qinghua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xinyi Guo
- Joint Research Center for Foodborne Functional Factors and Green Preparation, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.X.); (Z.Q.); (B.X.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Huayue Zhang
- Joint Research Center for Foodborne Functional Factors and Green Preparation, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.X.); (Z.Q.); (B.X.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Zelin Li
- Joint Research Center for Foodborne Functional Factors and Green Preparation, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.X.); (Z.Q.); (B.X.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Wenda Wu
- Joint Research Center for Foodborne Functional Factors and Green Preparation, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (H.X.); (Z.Q.); (B.X.); (X.G.); (H.Z.); (Z.L.)
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
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Zhang L, Huang S, Ma K, Chen Y, Wei T, Ye H, Wu J, Liu L, Deng J, Luo H, Tan C. Retinoic Acid-PPARα Mediates β-Carotene Resistance to Placental Dysfunction Induced by Deoxynivalenol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18696-18708. [PMID: 38012857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most polluted mycotoxins in the environment and food, has been proven to have strong embryonic and reproductive toxicities. However, the effects of DON on placental impairment and effective interventions are still unclear. This study investigated the effect of β-carotene on placental functional impairment and its underlying molecular mechanism under DON exposure. Adverse pregnancy outcomes were caused by intraperitoneal injection of DON from 13.5 to 15.5 days of gestation in mice, resulting in higher enrichment of DON in placenta than in other tissue samples. Interestingly, 0.1% β-carotene dietary supplementation could significantly alleviate DON-induced pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro placental barrier models demonstrated the association of DON-induced placental function impairment with placental permeability barrier disruption, angiogenesis impairment, and oxidative stress induction. Moreover, β-carotene regulated DON-induced placental toxicity by activating the expressions of claudin 1, zonula occludens-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A through retinoic acid-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmiao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Shuangbo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Kaidi Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yiling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Tanghong Wei
- Dekon Food and Agriculture Group, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Hongxuan Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Junyi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Liudan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Jinping Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Hefeng Luo
- Dekon Food and Agriculture Group, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Chengquan Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Institute of Subtropical Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
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10
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Djouina M, Waxin C, Caboche S, Lecointe K, Steimle A, Beury D, Desai MS, Hot D, Dubuquoy L, Launay D, Vignal C, Body-Malapel M. Low dose dietary contamination with deoxynivalenol mycotoxin exacerbates enteritis and colorectal cancer in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165722. [PMID: 37482350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a frequent contaminant of grain and cereal products worldwide. Exposure to DON can cause gastrointestinal inflammation, disturb gut barrier function, and induce gut dysbiosis in vivo under basal conditions, but little is known about the effects of DON ingestion in individuals with pre-existing gastrointestinal disease. OBJECTIVES Mice were orally exposed to 10 and 100 μg/kg bw/day of DON, corresponding to 10 to 100-fold human tolerable daily intake concentrations, and to the translation in mice of current human daily intake. The effects of DON exposure were explored under steady-state conditions, and in murine models of enteritis and colorectal cancer (CRC). RESULTS After 8 days of DON exposure, an increase of histomorphological and molecular parameters of epithelial proliferation were observed in normal mice, from the duodenum to the colon. The same exposure in a murine model of indomethacin-induced enteritis led to exacerbation of lesion development and induction of ileal cytokines. DON exposure also worsened the development of colitis-associated CRC in mice as shown by increases in endoscopic and histological colitis scores, tumor grades, and histological hyperplasia. In colon of DON-exposed mice, upstream and downstream ERK signaling genes were upregulated including Mapk1, Mapk3, Map 2k1, Map2k2 core ERK pathway effectors, and Bcl2 and Bcl2l1 antiapoptotic genes. The effects observed in the CRC model were associated with alterations in cecal microbiota taxonomic composition and metabolism of bacterial fucose and rhamnose. Strong Spearman's correlations were revealed between the relative abundance of the changed bacterial genera and CRC-related variables. DISCUSSION Ingestion of DON mycotoxin at concentrations representative of human real-world exposure worsened the development of indomethacin-induced enteritis and colitis-associated CRC in mice. Our results suggest that even at low doses, which are currently tolerated in the human diet, DON could promote the development of intestinal inflammatory diseases and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madjid Djouina
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Waxin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ségolène Caboche
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US41-UAR 2014-PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Karine Lecointe
- Inserm U1285, Univ. Lille, CHU de Lille, UMR CNRS 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexander Steimle
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Delphine Beury
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US41-UAR 2014-PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mahesh S Desai
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - David Hot
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US41-UAR 2014-PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - David Launay
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Cécile Vignal
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Body-Malapel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France.
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11
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Zhang D, Kukkar D, Kaur H, Kim KH. Recent advances in the synthesis and applications of single-atom nanozymes in food safety monitoring. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 319:102968. [PMID: 37582302 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes are synthetic compounds with enzyme-like tunable catalytic properties. The success of nanozymes for catalytic applications can be attributed to their small dimensions, cost-effective synthesis, appreciable stability, and scalability to molecular dimensions. The emergence of single atom nanozymes (SANzymes) has opened up new possibilities in bioanalytical applications. In this regard, this review outlines enzyme-mimicking features of SANzymes for food safety applications in relation to the key variables controlling their catalytic performance. The discussion is extended further to cover the applications of SANzymes for the monitoring of various compounds/biomaterials of significance with respect to food safety (e.g., pesticides, veterinary drug residues, foodborne pathogenic bacteria, mycotoxins/bacterial endotoxin, antioxidant residues, hydrogen peroxide residues, and heavy metal ions). Furthermore, the performance of SANzymes is evaluated in terms of various performance metrics such as limit of detection (LOD), linear dynamic range, and figure of merit (FoM). The challenges and future road map for the applications of SANzymes are also addressed along with their upscaling in the area of food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Zhang
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China; Bio-Nanotechnology Research Institute, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Deepak Kukkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India; University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Harsimran Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Zhang L, Wang X, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Wu W, Kuca K. Deoxynivalenol upregulates hypoxia-inducible factor-1α to promote an "immune evasion" process by activating STAT3 signaling. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113975. [PMID: 37517547 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) negatively regulates immune response by damaging host immune system and harming the organism's health. We hypothesized that DON can initiate an active immunosuppressive mechanism similar to "immune evasion" to alter the cellular microenvironment and evade immune surveillance. We tested this hypothesis using the RAW264.7 macrophage model. DON rapidly increased the expression of immune checkpoints PD-1 and PD-L1, inflammatory cytokine TGF-β, and key immune evasion factors STAT3, VEGF, and TLR-4, and caused cellular hypoxia. Importantly, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) acts as a key regulator of DON-induced immunosuppression. HIF-1α accumulated in the cytoplasm and was gradually transferred to the nucleus following DON treatment. Moreover, DON activated HIF-1α through STAT3 signaling to upregulate downstream signaling, including PD-1/PD-L1. Under DON treatment, immunosuppressive miR-210-3p, lncRNA PVT1, lncRNA H19, and lncRNA HOTAIR were upregulated by the STAT3/HIF-1α axis. Moreover, DON damaged mitochondrial function, causing mitophagy, and suppressed immune defenses. Collectively, DON triggered RAW264.7 intracellular hypoxia and rapidly activated HIF-1α via STAT3 signaling, activating immune evasion signals, miRNAs, and lncRNAs, thereby initiating the key link of immune evasion. This study offers further clues for accurate prevention and treatment of immune diseases caused by mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Zhang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Wenda Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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13
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Martínez-Alonso C, Taroncher M, Rodríguez-Carrasco Y, Ruiz MJ. Evaluation of the Bioaccessible Fraction of T-2 Toxin from Cereals and Its Effect on the Viability of Caco-2 Cells Exposed to Tyrosol. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:493. [PMID: 37624250 PMCID: PMC10467075 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioaccessibility of mycotoxins is an important factor that has to be considered when assessing the risk they pose to human health. Bioactive compounds like phenolics could play a protective role against the toxic effects of contaminants. In this work, the bioaccessible fraction of the T-2 toxin (T-2) contained in breakfast cereals and its effect on the viability of Caco-2 cells were investigated. Furthermore, the effect of tyrosol (a polyphenol abundant in EVOO) on T-2-induced cytotoxicity was evaluated in the same cell line. After standardized in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, the T-2 toxin was released from T-2-spiked breakfast cereals and further quantified by UHPLC-MS/MS. The bioaccessible fraction of T-2 was 51 ± 4%. The cell viability study was performed by pre-treating the cells for 24 h with tyrosol (25, 50 and 100 µM) and subsequently adding T-2 at 15 nM or by treating the cells with a combination of tyrosol and T-2. In the simultaneous treatment, 25 µM tyrosol prevented the toxic effects produced by the exposure to T-2 at 15 nM; however, cytotoxic effects were observed for the other combinations tested. The pre-treatment of Caco-2 cells with tyrosol did not attenuate the cytotoxic effects caused by exposure to T-2. These results suggest that tyrosol at low concentrations (25 µM) could exert a cytoprotective effect on Caco-2 cells against 15 nM T-2 when administered simultaneously with T-2. However, more studies are required to corroborate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yelko Rodríguez-Carrasco
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (C.M.-A.); (M.T.); (M.-J.R.)
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14
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Gajęcka M, Otrocka-Domagała I, Brzuzan P, Zielonka Ł, Dąbrowski M, Gajęcki MT. Influence of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on the immunohistochemical expression of oestrogen receptors and liver enzyme genes in vivo in prepubertal gilts. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2155-2168. [PMID: 37328583 PMCID: PMC10322793 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are often detected in plant materials used to produce feed for pre-pubertal gilts. Daily exposure to small amounts of these mycotoxins causes subclinical conditions in pigs and affects various biological processes (e.g. mycotoxin biotransformation). The aim of this preclinical study was to evaluate the effect of low monotonic doses of DON and ZEN (12 µg/kg body weight-BW-and 40 µg/kg BW, respectively), administered alone or in combination to 36 prepubertal gilts for 42 days, on the degree of immunohistochemical expression of oestrogen receptors (ERs) in the liver and the mRNA expression of genes encoding selected liver enzymes during biotransformation processes. The level of expression of the analysed genes proves that the tested mycotoxins exhibit variable biological activity at different stages of biotransformation. The biological activity of low doses of mycotoxins determines their metabolic activity. Therefore, taking into account the impact of low doses of mycotoxins on energy-intensive processes and their endogenous metabolism, it seems that the observed situation may lead to the activation of adaptation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gajęcka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Iwona Otrocka-Domagała
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13D, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Paweł Brzuzan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Fisheries, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Maciej T. Gajęcki
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
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15
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Gao H, Nepovimova E, Heger Z, Valko M, Wu Q, Kuca K, Adam V. Role of hypoxia in cellular senescence. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106841. [PMID: 37385572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells persist and continuously secrete proinflammatory and tissue-remodeling molecules that poison surrounding cells, leading to various age-related diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. The underlying mechanism of cellular senescence has not yet been fully explored. Emerging evidence indicates that hypoxia is involved in the regulation of cellular senescence. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)- 1α accumulates under hypoxic conditions and regulates cellular senescence by modulating the levels of the senescence markers p16, p53, lamin B1, and cyclin D1. Hypoxia is a critical condition for maintaining tumor immune evasion, which is promoted by driving the expression of genetic factors (such as p53 and CD47) while triggering immunosenescence. Under hypoxic conditions, autophagy is activated by targeting BCL-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3, which subsequently induces p21WAF1/CIP1 as well as p16Ink4a and increases β-galactosidase (β-gal) activity, thereby inducing cellular senescence. Deletion of the p21 gene increases the activity of the hypoxia response regulator poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and the level of nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) proteins, repairs DNA double-strand breaks, and alleviates cellular senescence. Moreover, cellular senescence is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and an accumulation of D-galactose derived from the gut microbiota. Chronic hypoxia leads to a striking reduction in the amount of Lactobacillus and D-galactose-degrading enzymes in the gut, producing excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing senescence in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cellular senescence. miR-424-5p levels are decreased under hypoxia, whereas lncRNA-MALAT1 levels are increased, both of which induce cellular senescence. The present review focuses on recent advances in understanding the role of hypoxia in cellular senescence. The effects of HIFs, immune evasion, PARP-1, gut microbiota, and exosomal mRNA in hypoxia-mediated cell senescence are specifically discussed. This review increases our understanding of the mechanism of hypoxia-mediated cellular senescence and provides new clues for anti-aging processes and the treatment of aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Gao
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic.
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Hassan M, Wang Y, Rajput SA, Shaukat A, Yang P, Farooq MZ, Cheng Q, Ali M, Mi X, An Y, Qi D. Ameliorative Effects of Luteolin and Activated Charcoal on Growth Performance, Immunity Function, and Antioxidant Capacity in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Deoxynivalenol. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:478. [PMID: 37624235 PMCID: PMC10467115 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15080478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON, Vomitoxin) is a threatening mycotoxin that mainly produces oxidative stress and leads to hepatotoxicity in poultry. Antioxidant dietary supplements dramatically boost immunity, safeguarding animals from DON poisoning. Luteolin (LUT) is an active plant-derived compound that poses influential antioxidants. This study explored the effectiveness of LUT in combination with activated charcoal (AC) in detoxifying DON in broilers. The 180 one-day broiler chickens were allocated into five different groups having six replicates in each group, provided with ad libitum feed during the trial period (28 days) as follows: in the control group, basal diet (feed with no supplementation of LUT, AC or DON); in group 2, a basal diet added with 10 mg/kg DON from contaminated culture (DON); in group 3, a basal diet augmented by 350 mg/kg LUT and DON 10 mg/kg (DON + LUT); in group 4, a basal diet supplemented by DON 10 mg/kg + AC 200 mg/kg (DON + AC); and in group 5, a basal diet supplemented by 10 mg/kg DON + 350 mg/kg LUT + 200 mg/kg AC (DON + LUT + AC). Concerning the control group, the DON-treated broilers demonstrated a significant decrease in growth performance (p < 0.05) and serum immunoglobulin (p < 0.05) contents, negatively changing the serum biochemical contents and enzymatic activities and an increase in histopathological liver lesions. Furthermore, DON substantially increased (p < 0.05) malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and decreased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in the serum and liver. The intake of AC and LUT to the DON-contaminated diet decreased DON residue in the liver and potentially reduced the adverse effects of DON. Considering the results, supplementation of LUT with mycotoxin adsorbent has protective effects against mycotoxicosis caused by DON. It could be helpful for the development of novel treatments to combat liver diseases in poultry birds. Our findings may provide important information for applying LUT and AC in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashar Hassan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (X.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (X.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Shahid Ali Rajput
- Department of Animal Feed and Production, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan;
| | - Aftab Shaukat
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 540642, China;
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (X.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Muhammad Zahid Farooq
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang Campus), Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Qianhui Cheng
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (X.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Mehboob Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Xiaomei Mi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (X.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yu An
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (X.M.); (Y.A.)
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (M.H.); (Y.W.); (Q.C.); (X.M.); (Y.A.)
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17
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Gajęcki MT, Gajęcka M. The Multidirectional Influence of Feed-Borne Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone on Animal Health. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:419. [PMID: 37505688 PMCID: PMC10467141 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites which pose a significant threat for global food and feed security [...].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Gajęcka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland;
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18
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Li J, Deng Y, Wang Y, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Kuca K. Mycotoxins Have a Potential of Inducing Cell Senescence: A New Understanding of Mycotoxin Immunotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104188. [PMID: 37331672 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins result in immune dysfunction and cause immune diseases in animals and humans. However, the mechanisms of immunotoxicity involved in mycotoxins have not been fully explored, and emerging evidence suggests that these toxins may promote their immunotoxicity via cellular senescence. Mycotoxins induce cell senescence after DNA damage, and activate signaling via the NF-κB and JNK pathways to promote the secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. DNA damage can also over-activate or cleave poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), increase the expression of cell cycle inhibitory proteins p21, and p53, and induce cell cycle arrest and then senescence. These senescent cells further down-regulate proliferation-related genes and overexpress inflammatory factors resulting in chronic inflammation and eventual immune exhaustion. Here we review the underlying mechanisms by which mycotoxins trigger cell senescence and the potential roles of SASP and PARP in these pathways. This work will help to further understand the mechanisms of immunotoxicity involved in mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Ying Deng
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yating Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 50003, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové 50003, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Biomedical Reseaerch Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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19
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Lou C, Lin C, Wang W, Jiang H, Cai T, Lin S, Xue X, Lin J, Pan X. Extracts of Oldenlandia diffusa protects chondrocytes via inhibiting apoptosis and associated inflammatory response in osteoarthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 316:116744. [PMID: 37295574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disorder that is marked by the gradual breakdown of cartilage and persistent inflammation of the synovial membrane, and is a leading cause of disability among elderly people worldwide. Oldenlandia diffusa (OD) is a member of the Rubiaceae family, and various researches have revealed that it possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties.Extracts of Oldenlandia diffusa is commonly used in traditional oriental medicine to treat various illnesses, including inflammation and cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY This study is aimed at investigating the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effects of OD and its potential mechanisms on IL-1β-induced mouse chondrocytes, as well as its characteristics in a mouse osteoarthritis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the key targets and potential pathways of OD were determined through network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking. The potential mechanism of OD in osteoarthritis was verified by in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS The results of network pharmacology showed that Bax, Bcl2, CASP3, and JUN are key candidate targets of OD for the treatment of osteoarthritis. There is a strong correlation between apoptosis and both OA and OD. Additionally, molecular docking results show that β-sitosterol in OD can strongly bind with CASP3 and PTGS2. In vitro experiments showed that OD pretreatment inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory factors induced by IL-1β, such as COX2, iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2. Furthermore, OD reversed IL-1β-mediated degradation of collagen II and aggrecan within the extracellular matrix (ECM). The protective effect of OD can be attributed to its inhibition of the MAPK pathway and inhibition of chondrocyte apoptosis. Additionally, it was found that OD can alleviate cartilage degradation in a mouse model of knee osteoarthritis. CONCLUSION Our study showed that β-sitosterol, one of the active components of OD, could alleviate the inflammation and cartilage degeneration of OA by inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis and MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chihao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weidan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongyi Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tingwen Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shida Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xinghe Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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20
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Li L, He Z, Shi Y, Sun H, Yuan B, Cai J, Chen J, Long M. Role of epigenetics in mycotoxin toxicity: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 100:104154. [PMID: 37209890 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins can induce cell cycle disorders, cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis through pathways such as those associated with MAPK, JAK2/STAT3, and Bcl-w/caspase-3, and cause reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity. Previous studies have explored the toxicity mechanism of mycotoxins from the levels of DNA, RNA, and proteins, and proved that mycotoxins have epigenetic toxicity. To explore the toxic effects and mechanisms of these changes in mycotoxins, this paper summarizes the changes in DNA methylation, non-coding RNA, RNA and histone modification induced by several common mycotoxins (zearalenone, aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, etc.) based on epigenetic studies. In addition, the roles of mycotoxin-induced epigenetic toxicity in germ cell maturation, embryonic development, and carcinogenesis are highlighted. In summary, this review provides theoretical support for a better understanding of the regulatory mechanism of mycotoxin epigenotoxicity and the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuliu Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China.
| | - Ziqi He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China.
| | - Yang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China.
| | - Huiying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China.
| | - Bowei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China.
| | - Jing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China.
| | - Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China.
| | - Miao Long
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China.
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21
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Bisconsin-Junior A, Feitosa BF, Silva FL, Barros Mariutti LR. Mycotoxins on edible insects: Should we be worried? Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 177:113845. [PMID: 37209938 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Edible insects are a solid alternative to meet the growing demand for animal protein. However, there are doubts regarding the safety of insect consumption. Mycotoxins are substances of concern for food safety, as they may cause harmful effects on the human organism and accumulate in the tissues of some animals. This study focuses on the characteristics of the main mycotoxins, the mitigation of human consumption of contaminated insects, and the effects of mycotoxins on insect metabolism. To date, studies reported the interaction of the mycotoxins aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1, and T-2, isolated or combined, in three insect species from Coleoptera and one from Diptera order. The use of rearing substrates with low mycotoxin contamination did not reduce the survival and development of insects. Fasting practices and replacing contaminated substrate with a decontaminated one decreased the concentration of mycotoxins in insects. There is no evidence that mycotoxins accumulate in the tissues of the insects' larvae. Coleoptera species showed high excretion capacity, while Hermetia illucens had a lower excretion capacity of ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol. Thus, a substrate with low mycotoxin contamination could be used for raising edible insects, particularly from the Coleoptera order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bisconsin-Junior
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Federal Institute of Rondônia, Ariquemes, RO, Brazil.
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22
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Zhou Q, Dong Y, Wang K, Wang Z, Ma B, Yang B. A comprehensive analysis of the hub genes for oxidative stress in ischemic stroke. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1166010. [PMID: 37229425 PMCID: PMC10203175 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1166010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS), resulting from the occlusion of the cerebral artery and subsequent interruption of blood flow, represents a major and critical threat to public health. Oxidative stress (OS) has been confirmed to play a role in the IS pathological process and neural death. Understanding the essential role of OS-related genes in ischemic stroke is critical to understanding the current perception of the pathophysiological process in IS. Herein, by integrating three IS datasets (GSE16561, GSE22255, and GSE58294), we divided IS samples into the low- and high-OS groups by calculating the OS score identified by the oxidative stress gene set. The functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the low- and high-OS groups indicated that DEGs were associated with hypoxia, the inflammatory response, and oxidative phosphorylation pathways. Furthermore, nine hub genes (namely TLR1, CXCL1, MMP9, TLR4, IL1R2, EGR1, FOS, CXCL10, and DUSP1) were identified through the Girvan-Newman algorithm and cytoHubba algorithms. Nine hub genes were highly expressed in IS samples and positively related to neutrophils and macrophages. Drug-sensitive analysis targeting hub genes defined allopurinol and nickel sulfate as potential candidates for impairing the neural death caused by oxidative stress in IS. Finally, we employed five machine learning methods to check the efficacy of the predictive model identified by nine hub genes. The results showed that our model had superior power for predicting the OS activity of IS patients. TLR4 was found to have excellent diagnostic value and a wide-spectrum interaction with other hub genes. Our research emphasized the impact of oxidative stress on ischemic stroke, which supports the idea that antioxidants hold great promise in ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bingquan Ma
- Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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23
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Zhang Z, Fan K, Meng J, Nie D, Zhao Z, Han Z. Deoxynivalenol hijacks the pathway of Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT-3) to drive caspase-3-mediated apoptosis in intestinal porcine epithelial cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 864:161058. [PMID: 36565876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) can easily injure the intestinal tract, which represents the first barrier against food contaminants. The intestinal toxicity induced by DON was mainly focused on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation, however, the underlying mechanisms by which DON triggers apoptosis by other pathways remain poorly understood. In this study, the Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT-3) pathway was proposed to regulate the intrinsic apoptosis induced by DON and thoroughly investigated in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). First, DON was found to be able to efficiently inhibit cell viability and increase the release of lactate dehydrogenase. It could also enhance the activity of the cleaved caspase-3 in a time-dependent manner, accompanied by a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and an up-regulation of the apoptosis rate. Then, the expression of genes associated with inflammation and apoptosis were investigated. DON increased the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, SOCS3 and Bax, but decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Moreover, we discovered that DON robustly inhibited STAT-3 activity together with the down-regulation of JAK2, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, paralleling the increase in p38 phosphorylation. Furthermore, a pharmacological activation of JAK2/STAT-3 alleviated DON induced-apoptosis. Concurrent with the apoptotic pathway, during the initial exposure to DON (first 4 h), a survival pathway involving phosphorylated Erk1/2, Akt, and FoxO1 was also observed. Thus, apoptosis induced by DON was Janus faced: although the survival pathway was activated, the DON-induced apoptotic JAK2/STAT-3/caspase-3 pathway dominated, leading to an imbalance in cell homeostasis. This study provides a novel avenue to comprehensively reveal the pathological mechanisms of DON-induced intestinal disorders, which is promising for future applications to other contaminants in food and feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Zhang
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jiajia Meng
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Dongxia Nie
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhihui Zhao
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zheng Han
- Institute for Agro-food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China.
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24
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Wu H, Bu T, Cao Y, Wang Y, Xi J, Li M, Li R, Jia P, Wang L. Double-Enzyme Active Vanadium Nanospheres-Mediated Ratiometric Multicolor Immunosensors for Sensitive Detection of the T-2 Toxin. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5275-5284. [PMID: 36898021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its high throughput, simplicity, and rapidity, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has attracted much attention in the field of immunoassays. However, the traditional ELISA usually affords a single signal readout and the labeling ability of the enzyme used is poor, resulting in low accuracy and a limited detection range. Herein, a vanadium nanospheres (VNSs)-mediated competitive ratio nanozymes-linked immunosorbent assay (VNSs-RNLISA) was created for the sensitive detection of the T-2 toxin (T-2). As the key to the biosensor, the VNSs with superoxide dismutase-like and peroxidase-like dual-enzyme mimetic activities were synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method, which oxidized 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl fading and catalyzed 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) color development. Therefore, T-2 could not only be qualitatively measured with the naked eye but also be quantitatively evaluated by monitoring the ratio of absorbance at 450 and 517 nm wavelengths. Moreover, the characterization of a VNSs-labeled antibody probe showed strong dual-enzymatic activity, excellent stability, and high affinity with T-2 [the affinity constant (ka) was approximately 1.36 × 108 M-1], which can significantly improve the detection sensitivity. The limit of detection of VNSs-RNLISA was 0.021 ng/mL, which was approximately 27-fold more sensitive than the single signal nanozymes-linked immunosorbent assay (0.561 ng/mL). Besides, the change in the ratio of absorbance (Δ450/Δ517) decreased linearly in a range of 0.22-13.17 ng/mL, outperforming the detection range of a single-mode nano-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using TMB by a factor of 1.6 times. Furthermore, the VNSs-RNLISA was successfully used to identify T-2 in maize and oat samples, with recoveries ranging from 84.216 to 125.371%. Overall, this tactic offered a promising platform for the quick detection of T-2 in food and might broaden the application range of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyu Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Tong Bu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jia Xi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Mingyan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ruixia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Pei Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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25
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You L, Nepovimova E, Valko M, Wu Q, Kuca K. Mycotoxins and cellular senescence: the impact of oxidative stress, hypoxia, and immunosuppression. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:393-404. [PMID: 36434400 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycotoxins induce oxidative stress, hypoxia, and cause immunosuppressive effects. Moreover, emerging evidence show that mycotoxins have a potential of inducing cellular senescence, which are involved in their immunomodulatory effects. Mycotoxins upregulate the expression of senescence markers γ-H2AX, senescence-associated β-galactosidase, p53, p16, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) inflammatory factors. Moreover, mycotoxins cause senescence-associated cell cycle arrest by diminishing cyclin D1 and Cdk4 pathways, as well as increasing the expression of p53, p21, and CDK6. Mycotoxins may induce cellular senescence by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress. In addition, hypoxia acts as a double-edged sword on cell senescence; it could both act as the stress-induced senescence and also hinder the onset of cellular senescence. The SASP inflammatory factors have the ability to induce an immunosuppressive environment, while mycotoxins directly cause immunosuppression. Therefore, there is a potential relationship between mycotoxins and cellular senescence that synergistically cause immunosuppression. However, most of the current studies have involved the effect of mycotoxins on cell cycle arrest, but only limited in-depth research has been carried out to link the occurrence of this condition (cell cycle arrest) with cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing, 401520, China
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
- Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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26
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Hypoxia and Cellular Senescence, Emerging Toxic Mechanisms of Mycotoxins and Toxins: A New Understanding of the Negative Immune Regulations. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120880. [PMID: 36548777 PMCID: PMC9787684 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination is an important issue that has plagued the world [...]
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27
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Wang Y, Liu X, Jing H, Ren H, Xu S, Guo M. Trimethyltin induces apoptosis and necroptosis of mouse liver by oxidative stress through YAP phosphorylation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114327. [PMID: 36434999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trimethyltin (TMT) is widely used as a major component of plastic stabilizers in agriculture and industry, and can accumulate in large quantities in the liver. To investigate the relationship between liver tissue damage induced by TMT exposure and YAP phosphorylation in mice, we gave the mice drinking water containing 0.01 mg/mL TMT for 14 days to establish an in vivo experimental model, and continuously treated AML12 cells with 20 μM TMT for 24 h to establish an in vitro experimental model. Transcriptomics revealed that TMT exposure altered 62,466 apparently diversely expressed genes, including 1197 upregulated and 899 downregulated genes, and that enrichment of the Hippo pathway occurred. Moreover, western blotting (WB) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRTPCR) results showed that TMT exposure triggered an increase in the expression of P-YAP, apoptosis and necroptosis-interrelated genes, and a decrease in Bcl-2 expression in mouse livers tissues and AML12 cells. The expression of P-YAP was significantly suppressed in the TRULI-treated TMT-exposed AML12 cells, while oxidative stress levels and damage were also significantly attenuated. In conclusion, TMT triggers YAP phosphorylation to induce oxidative stress inducing apoptosis and necroptosis in mouse livers tissues. Our results confirm the liver toxic effect and specific mechanism of TMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Hongyuan Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Haoran Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Mengyao Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Wang W, Zhu J, Cao Q, Zhang C, Dong Z, Feng D, Ye H, Zuo J. Dietary Catalase Supplementation Alleviates Deoxynivalenol-Induced Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Broiler Chickens. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120830. [PMID: 36548727 PMCID: PMC9784562 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) can eliminate oxygen radicals, but it is unclear whether exogenous CAT can protect chickens against deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplemental CAT on antioxidant property and gut microbiota in DON-exposed broilers. A total of 144 one-day-old Lingnan yellow-feathered male broilers were randomly divided into three groups (six replicates/group): control, DON group, and DON + CAT (DONC) group. The control and DON group received a diet without and with DON contamination, respectively, while the DONC group received a DON-contaminated diet with 200 U/kg CAT added. Parameter analysis was performed on d 21. The results showed that DON-induced liver enlargement (p < 0.05) was blocked by CAT addition, which also normalized the increases (p < 0.05) in hepatic oxidative metabolites contents and caspase-9 expression. Additionally, CAT addition increased (p < 0.05) the jejunal CAT and GSH-Px activities coupled with T-AOC in DON-exposed broilers, as well as the normalized DON-induced reductions (p < 0.05) of jejunal villus height (VH) and its ratio for crypt depth. There was a difference (p < 0.05) in gut microbiota among groups. The DON group was enriched (p < 0.05) with some harmful bacteria (e.g., Proteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Enterobacteriales, Enterobacteriaceae, and Escherichia/Shigella) that elicited negative correlations (p < 0.05) with jejunal CAT activity, and VH. DONC group was differentially enriched (p < 0.05) with certain beneficial bacteria (e.g., Acidobacteriota, Anaerofustis, and Anaerotruncus) that could benefit intestinal antioxidation and morphology. In conclusion, supplemental CAT alleviates DON-induced oxidative stress and intestinal damage in broilers, which can be associated with its ability to improve gut microbiota, aside from its direct oxygen radical-scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Ye
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (J.Z.)
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Analysis of RIOK2 Functions in Mediating the Toxic Effects of Deoxynivalenol in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112712. [PMID: 36361502 PMCID: PMC9653672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type of mycotoxin that threatens human and livestock health. Right open reading frame kinase 2 (RIOK2) is a kinase that has a pivotal function in ribosome maturation and cell cycle progression. This study aims to clarify the role of the RIOK2 gene in DON-induced cytotoxicity regulation in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Cell viability assay and flow cytometry showed that the knockdown of RIOK2 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and oxidative stress in DON-induced IPEC-J2. Then, transcriptome profiling identified candidate genes and pathways that closely interacted with both DON cytotoxicity regulation and RIOK2 expression. Furthermore, RIOK2 interference promoted the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway by increasing the phosphorylation of ERK and JNK. Additionally, we performed the dual-luciferase reporter and ChIP assays to elucidate that the expression of RIOK2 was influenced by the binding of transcription factor Sp1 with the promoter region. Briefly, the reduced expression of the RIOK2 gene exacerbates the cytotoxic effects induced by DON in IPEC-J2. Our findings provide insights into the control strategies for DON contamination by identifying functional genes and effective molecular markers.
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30
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You L, Wang X, Wu W, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Kuca K. HIF-1α inhibits T-2 toxin-mediated "immune evasion" process by negatively regulating PD-1/PD-L1. Toxicology 2022; 480:153324. [PMID: 36115646 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Trichothecene mycotoxins have a strong immunosuppressive effect, which may even escape host immune surveillance and damage the immune repair to show an "immune evasion" effect. Increasing lines of evidence have shown that hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are key mediators of trichothecenes, and these toxins appear to be closely related to the "immune evasion" mechanisms. Therefore, we used RAW264.7 cell model to explore the association of T-2 toxins with "immune evasion" process and hypoxia, as well as their cross-linking effects induced by T-2 toxin. Our results showed that HIF-1α is an important toxicity target of T-2 toxin, which could induce intracellular hypoxia. T-2 toxin induced an "immune evasion" process by activating the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. Interestingly, when HIF-1α activation was blocked, the "immune evasion" process regulated by PD-1/PD-L1 signaling was activated, resulting in the cells damage, suggesting that hypoxia induced by T-2 toxin plays a protective role for RAW264.7 cell damage. Thus, our work shows that HIF-1α inhibits T-2 toxin-mediated "immune evasion" process by negatively regulating PD-1/PD-L1signaling. This study contributes to a better understanding of the immunotoxicity mechanism of trichothecenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li You
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing 401520, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové 500 03, Czech Republic; Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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31
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Sun Q, Zhang SL, Xie YJ, Xu MT, Herrera-Balandrano DD, Chen X, Wang SY, Shi XC, Laborda P. Identification of New Fusarium sulawense Strains Causing Soybean Pod Blight in China and Their Control Using Carbendazim, Dipicolinic Acid and Kojic Acid. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10531. [PMID: 36078255 PMCID: PMC9518069 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soybean plants are highly susceptible to Fusarium species, which significantly reduce soybean production and quality. Several Fusarium species have been reported to synthesize mycotoxins, such as trichothecene, which have been related to major human diseases. In November 2021, soybean pods in Nantong municipality, China, showed black necrotic lesions during the harvest stage. The disease incidence reached 69%. The pathogen was identified as Fusarium sulawense via morphological analysis and sequencing of ITS, EF1-α and RPB2 genes. A PCR assay with primers targeting the trichothecene biosynthesis genes suggested that the three isolates could synthesize trichothecenes. The effectiveness of fungicide carbendazim and natural metabolites dipicolinic acid and kojic acid was screened for the management of F. sulawense on postharvest soybean pods. The highest efficacy was obtained when combining 3.8 mg/mL carbendazim and 0.84 mg/mL dipicolinic acid (curative efficacy: 49.1% lesion length inhibition; preventive efficacy: 82.7% lesion length inhibition), or 1.9 mg/mL carbendazim and 0.71 mg/mL kojic acid (preventive efficacy: 84.9% lesion length inhibition). Collectively, this report will lead to a better understanding of the safety hazards found in soybean products in China and reveals the application of dipicolinic and kojic acids to reduce the use of carbendazim.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Su-Yan Wang
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.W.); (X.-C.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Xin-Chi Shi
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.W.); (X.-C.S.); (P.L.)
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32
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Wang Y, Li J, Wang X, Wu W, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Kuca K. Deoxynivalenol and its modified forms: key enzymes, inter-individual and interspecies differences in metabolism. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:331-342. [PMID: 35695207 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2088786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) and its modified forms, including DON-3-glucoside (DON-3G), pose a major agricultural and food safety issue in the world. Their metabolites are relatively well-characterized; however, their metabolizing enzymes have not been fully explored. UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, 3-O-acetyltransferase, and glutathione S-transferase are involved in the formation of DON-glucuronides, 3-acetyl-DON, and DON-glutathione, respectively. There are interindividual differences in the metabolism of these toxins, including variation with respect to sex. Furthermore, interspecies differences in DON metabolism have been revealed, including differences in the major metabolites of DON, the role of de-acetylation, and the hydrolysis of DON-3G. In this review, we summarized the major enzymes involved in metabolizing DON to its modified forms, focusing on the differences in metabolism of DON and its modified forms between individuals and species. This work provides important insight into the toxicity of DON and its derivatives in humans and animals, and provides scientific basis for the development of safer and more efficient biological detoxification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jiefeng Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Andalusian Research Institute in Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DaSCI), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Gao XX, Lin S, Jiang PY, Ye MY, Chen W, Hu CX, Chen YH. Gestational cholestasis induced intrauterine growth restriction through triggering IRE1α-mediated apoptosis of placental trophoblast cells. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22388. [PMID: 35639049 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101844rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and animal experimental studies suggest an association between gestational cholestasis and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Here, we explored the mechanism through which gestational cholestasis induced IUGR. To establish gestational cholestasis model, pregnant mice were subcutaneously injected with 17α-Ethynylestradiol (E2) on gestational day 13 (GD13)-GD17. Some pregnant mice were intraperitoneally injected with 4μ8C on GD13-GD17. The results found that the apoptosis of trophoblast cells was elevated in placentas of mice with gestational cholestasis and in deoxycholic acid (DCA)-treated human trophoblast cell lines and primary mouse trophoblast cells. Correspondingly, the levels of placental cleaved caspase-3 and Bax were increased, while placental Bcl2 level was decreased in mice with gestational cholestasis and in DCA-treated trophoblast cells. Further analysis found that placental IRE1α pathway was activated in mice with gestational cholestasis and in DCA-treated trophoblast cells. Interestingly, 4μ8C, an IRE1α RNase inhibitor, significantly inhibited caspase-3 activity and apoptosis of trophoblast cells in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, 4μ8C rescued gestational cholestasis-induced placental insufficiency and IUGR. Furthermore, a case-control study demonstrated that placental IRE1α and caspase-3 pathways were activated in cholestasis cases. Our results provide evidence that gestational cholestasis induces placental insufficiency and IUGR may be via triggering IRE1α-mediated apoptosis of placental trophoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pei-Ying Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng-Ying Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuan-Xiang Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Wang H, Xiao Y, Xu C, Cao Y, Jing P, Wu S, Liu J, Bao W. Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal Metabolic Mechanisms in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells under Zearalenone Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:6561-6572. [PMID: 35583463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin that frequently occurs in agricultural crops and related products and seriously threatens both animal feed and human food safety. To identify key metabolites and regulators involved in ZEA toxicological processes, we performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells upon ZEA exposure using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS and RNA-seq techniques. A total of 325 differential metabolites and 5646 differentially expressed genes were detected. Integrated analyses of metabolomic and transcriptomic data indicated that metabolic processes including lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism were most affected. Exogenous addition of the key metabolite l-arginine significantly facilitated ZEA metabolism and ameliorated ZEA-induced reactive oxygen species levels and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, l -arginine contributed to the expression of phase II detoxification genes (SULT2B1, GSTA1, GSTM3, and GPX4). l-Arginine addition also increased the protein levels of LC3-II and Beclin 1, and downregulated p62/SQSTM1 levels, indicating its regulatory roles in autophagic flux activation upon ZEA exposure. This study provided global insights into metabolic and transcriptional changes as well as key metabolites and regulators underlying the cellular response to ZEA exposure, and paved the way for the identification of metabolic and molecular targets for biomonitoring and controlling contamination by ZEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yeyi Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Pengfei Jing
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shenglong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenbin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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35
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Qin Z, Zhang H, Wu Q, Wei B, Wu R, Guo X, Xiao H, Wu W. Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide and Substance P Mediate Emetic Response Induction by Masked Trichothecene Deoxynivalenol-3-Glucoside through Ca2+ Signaling. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14060371. [PMID: 35737032 PMCID: PMC9230016 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14060371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), the most naturally-occurring trichothecenes, may affect animal and human health by causing vomiting as a hallmark of food poisoning. Deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) usually co-occurs with DON as its glucosylated form and is another emerging food safety issue in recent years. However, the toxicity of D3G is not fully understood compared to DON, especially in emetic potency. The goals of this research were to (1) compare emetic effects to D3G by oral and intraperitoneal (IP) routes and relate emetic effects to brain-gut peptides glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and substance P (SP) in mink; (2) determine the roles of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel in D3G’s emetic effect. Both oral and IP exposure to D3G elicited marked emetic events. This emetic response corresponded to an elevation of GIP and SP. Blocking the GIP receptor (GIPR) diminished emetic response induction by GIP and D3G. The neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R) inhibitor Emend® restrained the induction of emesis by SP and D3G. Importantly, CaSR antagonist NPS-2143 or TRP channel antagonist ruthenium red dose-dependently inhibited both D3G-induced emesis and brain-gut peptides GIP and SP release; cotreatment with both antagonists additively suppressed both emetic and brain-gut peptide responses to D3G. To summarize, our findings demonstrate that activation of CaSR and TRP channels contributes to D3G-induced emesis by mediating brain-gut peptide exocytosis in mink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Qin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.Q.); (B.W.); (R.W.); (X.G.); (H.X.)
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China;
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ben Wei
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.Q.); (B.W.); (R.W.); (X.G.); (H.X.)
| | - Ran Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.Q.); (B.W.); (R.W.); (X.G.); (H.X.)
| | - Xinyi Guo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.Q.); (B.W.); (R.W.); (X.G.); (H.X.)
| | - Huiping Xiao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.Q.); (B.W.); (R.W.); (X.G.); (H.X.)
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Z.Q.); (B.W.); (R.W.); (X.G.); (H.X.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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36
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Li J, Wang Y, Deng Y, Wang X, Wu W, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Kuca K. Toxic mechanisms of the trichothecenes T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol on protein synthesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 164:113044. [PMID: 35452771 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The toxic mechanisms of trichothecenes, including T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON), are closely related with their effects on protein synthesis. Increasing lines of evidence show that T-2 toxin can reduce the levels of tight junction proteins, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) by disrupting cellular barriers and the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-protein kinase A (PKA) and Nrf2/heme oxygenase (HO)-1 pathways. Moreover, it can inhibit aggrecan synthesis, thus causing Kashin-Beck disease. Regarding type B trichothecene, DON inhibits activation marker and β-catenin synthesis by acting on immune cells and the wingless/integrated (Wnt) pathway; it also inhibits cell proliferation and immune surveillance. In addition, DON has been shown to destroy tight junctions, glucose transport, and tumor endothelial marker 8, thus disturbing intestinal function and changing cell migration. This review summarizes the inhibitory effects of the trichothecenes T-2 toxin and DON on different protein synthesis, while discussing their underlying mechanisms. Focus is given to the effects of these toxins on tight junctions, aggrecan, activation markers, and hormones including testosterone under the influence of steroidogenic enzymes. This review can extend the current understanding of the effects of trichothecenes on protein synthesis and help to further understand their toxic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Yating Wang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Ying Deng
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, 50003, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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37
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Effect of Phenolic Extract from Red Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on T-2 Toxin-Induced Cytotoxicity in HepG2 Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11071033. [PMID: 35407120 PMCID: PMC8997370 DOI: 10.3390/foods11071033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Red beans contain human bioactive compounds such as polyphenols. Several in vitro studies have proposed the natural compounds as an innovative strategy to modify the toxic effects produced by mycotoxins. Hence, in this work, a complete investigation of the polyphenolic fraction of red beans was performed using a Q-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis. Notably, epicatechin and delphinidin were the most detected polyphenols found in red bean extracts (3.297 and 3.108 mg/Kg, respectively). Moreover, the red bean extract was evaluated against the T-2 toxin (T-2) induced cytotoxicity in hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2) by direct treatment, simultaneous treatment, and pre-treatment assays. These data showed that T-2 affected the cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, as well as observing a cytotoxic effect and a significant increase in ROS production at 30 nM. The simultaneous treatment and the pre-treatment of HepG2 cells with red bean extract was not able to modify the cytotoxic T-2 effect. However, the simultaneous treatment of T-2 at 7.5 nM with the red bean extract showed a significant decrease in ROS production, with respect to the control. These results suggest that the red bean extract could modulate oxidative stress on HepG2 cells.
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Sun Y, Huang K, Long M, Yang S, Zhang Y. An update on immunotoxicity and mechanisms of action of six environmental mycotoxins. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112895. [PMID: 35219766 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Paradoxically, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 toxin (T-2), fumonisin B1 (FB1), and zearalenone (ZEA) have both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory effects. The immunotoxicity of six mycotoxins exhibits immune suppression or stimulation, which depends on multiple factors. Low doses of mycotoxins can induce an inflammatory response, but elevated levels of ones can induce immunosuppression; long-term instead of short-term mycotoxin exposure is immunosuppressive. These six mycotoxins play anti-inflammatory roles when the immunologic stimulants are present but pro-inflammatory roles when the immunologic stimulants are absent. Pigs are most sensitive animals to mycotoxins, followed by humans and poultry, rodent, and marine organism, and ruminants are the least susceptible. Female animals are more susceptible to mycotoxins than male ones. The immunosuppresion mechanism of mycotoxins are mainly in, oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy of immune cells, as well as inhibits the immunity-related signal pathways; and AFB1, OTA, DON, and T-2 induce immunostimulation via directly activating the TLRs/NF-κB pathway and other crossing pathways including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). This review strongly dispels the viewpoint that "immunotoxicity is equivalent to immunosuppression", clearly demonstrates the mechanistic pathway and how it contributes to immunosuppression or immunostimulation, thereby providing reliable references for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Sun
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Miao Long
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Shuhua Yang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Pierron A, Neves M, Puel S, Lippi Y, Soler L, Miller JD, Oswald IP. Intestinal toxicity of the new type A trichothecenes, NX and 3ANX. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132415. [PMID: 34600008 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
NX and its acetylated form 3ANX are two new type A trichothecenes produced by Fusarium graminearum whose toxicity is poorly documented. The aim of this study was to obtain a general view of the intestinal toxicity of these toxins. Deoxynivalenol (DON), which differs from NX by the keto group at C8, served as a benchmark. The viability of human intestinal Caco-2 cells decreased after 24 h of exposure to 3 μM NX (-21.4%), 3 μM DON (-20.2%) or 10 μM 3ANX (-17.4%). Histological observations of porcine jejunal explants exposed for 4 h to 10 μM of the different toxins showed interstitial edema and cellular debris. Explants exposed to NX also displayed cell vacuolization, a broken epithelial barrier and high loss of villi. Whole transcriptome profiling revealed that NX, DON and 3ANX modulated 369, 146 and 55 genes, respectively. Functional analyses indicated that the three toxins regulate the same gene networks and signaling pathways mainly; cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and growth, and particularly immune and pro-inflammatory responses. Greater transcriptional impacts were observed with NX than with DON. In conclusion, our data revealed that the three toxins have similar impacts on the intestine but of different magnitude: NX > DON ≫ 3ANX. NX and 3ANX should consequently be included in overall risk analysis linked to the presence of trichothecenes in our diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix Pierron
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Neves
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Puel
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Lippi
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura Soler
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - J David Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Isabelle P Oswald
- Toxalim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France.
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Zhang J, Luo B, Liu J, Waqas M, Kulyar MFEA, Guo K, Li J. Chlorogenic acid inhibits apoptosis in thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia via intrinsic pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68288-68299. [PMID: 34268698 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a common skeletal disease occurred in growth plate of fast-growing broilers. Thiram is a sort of chemical used for pesticide and fungicide. The excessive use of thiram increased the threat to animal and human health. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic mechanism of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia. Broiler chickens were divided into three different groups, e.g., control, TD, and CGA. CGA was administrated after the induction of TD from 4th day to 7th day. Biochemical analysis was performed to detect the content of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). Histological changes and degradation of extracellular matrix were observed through hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) and Masson staining. To further determine the mechanism, TUNEL staining and western blot were also performed to detect the apoptosis changes in growth plate of all groups. The results showed the disproportionation of Ca and P content and upregulation of apoptosis during the development of TD. But, after the administration of CGA, the ratio of Ca:P was upregulated, and the apoptosis was also downregulated. The current study shows the toxic effect of thiram on chickens and suggests that CGA is associated with a mechanism that plays a significant role in apoptosis induced by thiram in poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Zhang
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, 860000, Tibet, People's Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bihao Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 12350, Pakistan
| | | | - Kangkang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, 860000, Tibet, People's Republic of China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Wei L, Zhang J, Zha C, Yang Q, Li F, Sun X, Guo Y, Liu Z. A strategy to protect biological activity and amplify signal applied on time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatography for detecting T-2 toxin. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhou Y, Qi S, Meng X, Lin X, Duan N, Zhang Y, Yuan W, Wu S, Wang Z. Deoxynivalenol photocatalytic detoxification products alleviate intestinal barrier damage and gut flora disorder in BLAB/c mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112510. [PMID: 34390814 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a trichothecene mycotoxin, is one of the most globally prevalent mycotoxins mainly produced by Fusarium species. DON exposure can cause spectrum of symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, gastroenteritis, growth retardation, immunosuppression, and intestinal flora disorders in humans and animals. Therefore, the implication of DON degradation technology is of great significance for food safety. Recently, photocatalytic degradation technology has been applied for DON control. However, the toxicity of the intermediates identified in the degradation process was often ignored. In this work, based on previous successful degradation of DON and evaluation of the in vitro toxicity of DON photocatalytic detoxification products (DPDPs), we further studied the in vivo toxicity of DPDPs and mainly explored their effects on intestinal barrier function and intestinal flora in mice. The results demonstrated that the DPDPs treated with photocatalyst for 120 min effectively increased the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins and improved the disorder of gut flora. Meanwhile, compared with DON-exposed mice, the DPDPs reduced the level of inflammation and oxidative stress of intestinal tissue, and improved growth performance, enterohepatic circulation, energy metabolism, and autonomic activity. All the results indicated that the toxicity of the DPDPs irradiated for 120 min was much lower than that of DON or even nontoxic. Therefore, we hope that this photocatalytic degradation technology can be used as a promising tool for the detoxification of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Shuo Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiangyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xianfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Nuo Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Wenbo Yuan
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Shijia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control of Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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You L, Wang X, Wu W, Jaćević V, Nepovimova E, Wu Q, Kuca K. Hypothesis: Long non-coding RNA is a potential target of mycotoxins. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112397. [PMID: 34246706 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular target of mycotoxins is not fully understood. Extensive data derived from cell and animal experimental studies demonstrate that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in mycotoxin-induced toxicities. Mycotoxins stimulate the upregulation/downregulation of lncRNA expression, which further promote apoptosis, is related to the mTOR/FoxO signaling pathway, and contributes to tumor cell growth, death, and liver and chondrocyte damage. Moreover, lncRNA can establish interactions with NF-κB and cause immune evasion. These preliminary data suggest that lncRNAs are involved in potential upstream regulatory events and further regulate downstream apoptosis, oxidative stress, and anti-apoptotic events that affect cell death and survival. Therefore, we hypothesize that lncRNAs are potential targets of mycotoxins. Investigation of the expression of the potential target lncRNAs by mycotoxin-mediated stimulation, and exploration of the upstream and downstream relationship between lncRNA and the key proteins involved in mycotoxin toxicity, should be performed. This Hypothesis provides clues for further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li You
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University (HZAU), Wuhan, China
| | - Wenda Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Vesna Jaćević
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, 50003, Czech Republic; Department for Experimental Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia; Department of Pharmacological Science, Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, China; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, 50003, Czech Republic.
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, 50003, Czech Republic.
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