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Fu Q, Wang Y, Yan C, Xiang YK. Phosphodiesterase in heart and vessels: from physiology to diseases. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:765-834. [PMID: 37971403 PMCID: PMC11281825 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Both cyclic nucleotides are critical secondary messengers in the neurohormonal regulation in the cardiovascular system. PDEs precisely control spatiotemporal subcellular distribution of cyclic nucleotides in a cell- and tissue-specific manner, playing critical roles in physiological responses to hormone stimulation in the heart and vessels. Dysregulation of PDEs has been linked to the development of several cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, aneurysm, atherosclerosis, arrhythmia, and heart failure. Targeting these enzymes has been proven effective in treating cardiovascular diseases and is an attractive and promising strategy for the development of new drugs. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the complex regulation of PDE isoforms in cardiovascular function, highlighting the divergent and even opposing roles of PDE isoforms in different pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Research and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Yang K Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Northern California Healthcare System, Mather, California, United States
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2
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Neumann J, Hofmann B, Dhein S, Gergs U. Cardiac Roles of Serotonin (5-HT) and 5-HT-Receptors in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054765. [PMID: 36902195 PMCID: PMC10003731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin acts solely via 5-HT4-receptors to control human cardiac contractile function. The effects of serotonin via 5-HT4-receptors lead to positive inotropic and chronotropic effects, as well as arrhythmias, in the human heart. In addition, 5-HT4-receptors may play a role in sepsis, ischaemia, and reperfusion. These presumptive effects of 5-HT4-receptors are the focus of the present review. We also discuss the formation and inactivation of serotonin in the body, namely, in the heart. We identify cardiovascular diseases where serotonin might play a causative or additional role. We address the mechanisms which 5-HT4-receptors can use for cardiac signal transduction and their possible roles in cardiac diseases. We define areas where further research in this regard should be directed in the future, and identify animal models that might be generated to this end. Finally, we discuss in what regard 5-HT4-receptor agonists or antagonists might be useful drugs that could enter clinical practice. Serotonin has been the target of many studies for decades; thus, we found it timely to summarise our current knowledge here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Cardiac Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Dhein
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Leipzig, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany
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3
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Physiological and Pathophysiological Effects of C-Type Natriuretic Peptide on the Heart. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060911. [PMID: 35741432 PMCID: PMC9219612 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is the third member of the natriuretic peptide family. Unlike atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), CNP was not previously regarded as an important cardiac modulator. However, recent studies have revealed the physiological and pathophysiological importance of CNP in the heart; in concert with its cognate natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR-B), CNP has come to be regarded as the major heart-protective natriuretic peptide in the failed heart. In this review, I introduce the history of research on CNP in the cardiac field. Abstract C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is the third member of the natriuretic peptide family. Unlike other members, i.e., atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), which are cardiac hormones secreted from the atrium and ventricle of the heart, respectively, CNP is regarded as an autocrine/paracrine regulator with broad expression in the body. Because of its low expression levels compared to ANP and BNP, early studies failed to show its existence and role in the heart. However, recent studies have revealed the physiological and pathophysiological importance of CNP in the heart; in concert with the distribution of its specific natriuretic peptide receptor-B (NPR-B), CNP has come to be regarded as the major heart-protective natriuretic peptide in the failed heart. NPR-B generates intracellular cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP) upon CNP binding, followed by various molecular effects including the activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinases, which generates diverse cytoprotective actions in cardiomyocytes, as well as in cardiac fibroblasts. CNP exerts negative inotropic and positive lusitropic responses in both normal and failing heart models. Furthermore, osteocrin, the intrinsic and specific ligand for the clearance receptor for natriuretic peptides, can augment the effects of CNP and may supply a novel therapeutic strategy for cardiac protection.
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Grange RMH, Preedy MEJ, Renukanthan A, Dignam JP, Lowe VJ, Moyes AJ, Pérez-Ternero C, Aubdool AA, Baliga RS, Hobbs AJ. Multidrug resistance proteins preferentially regulate natriuretic peptide-driven cGMP signalling in the heart and vasculature. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:2443-2459. [PMID: 34131904 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE cGMP underpins the bioactivity of NO and natriuretic peptides and is key to cardiovascular homeostasis. cGMP-driven responses are terminated primarily by PDEs, but cellular efflux via multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) might contribute. Herein, the effect of pharmacological blockade of MRPs on cGMP signalling in the heart and vasculature was investigated in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Proliferation of human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hCASMCs), vasorelaxation of murine aorta and reductions in mean arterial BP (MABP) in response to NO donors or natriuretic peptides were determined in the absence and presence of the MRP inhibitor MK571. The ability of MRP inhibition to reverse morphological and contractile deficits in a murine model of pressure overload-induced heart failure was also explored. KEY RESULTS MK571 attenuated hCASMC growth and enhanced the anti-proliferative effects of NO and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). MRP blockade caused concentration-dependent relaxations of murine aorta and augmented responses to ANP (and to a lesser extent NO). MK571 did not decrease MABP per se but enhanced the hypotensive actions of ANP and improved structural and functional indices of disease severity in experimental heart failure. These beneficial actions of MRP inhibition were associated with a greater intracellular:extracellular cGMP ratio in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS MRP blockade promotes the cardiovascular functions of natriuretic peptides in vitro and in vivo, with more modest effects on NO. MRP inhibition may have therapeutic utility in cardiovascular diseases triggered by dysfunctional cGMP signalling, particularly those associated with altered natriuretic peptide bioactivity. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on cGMP Signalling in Cell Growth and Survival. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M H Grange
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael E J Preedy
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Aniruthan Renukanthan
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joshua P Dignam
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa J Lowe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amie J Moyes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Cristina Pérez-Ternero
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Aisah A Aubdool
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Reshma S Baliga
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Phosphodiesterases and Compartmentation of cAMP and cGMP Signaling in Regulation of Cardiac Contractility in Normal and Failing Hearts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042145. [PMID: 35216259 PMCID: PMC8880502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac contractility is regulated by several neural, hormonal, paracrine, and autocrine factors. Amongst these, signaling through β-adrenergic and serotonin receptors generates the second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP), whereas activation of natriuretic peptide receptors and soluble guanylyl cyclases generates cyclic GMP (cGMP). Both cyclic nucleotides regulate cardiac contractility through several mechanisms. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that degrade cAMP and cGMP and therefore determine the dynamics of their downstream effects. In addition, the intracellular localization of the different PDEs may contribute to regulation of compartmented signaling of cAMP and cGMP. In this review, we will focus on the role of PDEs in regulating contractility and evaluate changes in heart failure.
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Manfra O, Calamera G, Froese A, Arunthavarajah D, Surdo NC, Meier S, Melleby AO, Aasrum M, Aronsen JM, Nikolaev VO, Zaccolo M, Moltzau LR, Levy FO, Andressen KW. CNP regulates cardiac contractility and increases cGMP near both SERCA and TnI - difference from BNP visualized by targeted cGMP biosensors. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1506-1519. [PMID: 33970224 PMCID: PMC9074987 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Guanylyl cyclase-B (GC-B; natriuretic peptide receptor-B, NPR-B) stimulation by C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) increases cGMP and causes a lusitropic and negative inotropic response in adult myocardium. These effects are not mimicked by NPR-A (GC-A) stimulation by brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), despite similar cGMP increase. More refined methods are needed to better understand the mechanisms of the differential cGMP signalling and compartmentation. The aim of this work was to measure cGMP near proteins involved in regulating contractility to understand compartmentation of cGMP signalling in adult cardiomyocytes. Methods and results We constructed several fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors for cGMP subcellularly targeted to phospholamban (PLB) and troponin I (TnI). CNP stimulation of adult rat cardiomyocytes increased cGMP near PLB and TnI, whereas BNP stimulation increased cGMP near PLB, but not TnI. The phosphodiesterases PDE2 and PDE3 constrained cGMP in both compartments. Local receptor stimulation aided by scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) combined with FRET revealed that CNP stimulation both in the t-tubules and on the cell crest increases cGMP similarly near both TnI and PLB. In ventricular strips, CNP stimulation, but not BNP, induced a lusitropic response, enhanced by inhibition of either PDE2 or PDE3, and a negative inotropic response. In cardiomyocytes from heart failure rats, CNP increased cGMP near PLB and TnI more pronounced than in cells from sham-operated animals. Conclusion These targeted biosensors demonstrate that CNP, but not BNP, increases cGMP near TnI in addition to PLB, explaining how CNP, but not BNP, is able to induce lusitropic and negative inotropic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Manfra
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O.Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gaia Calamera
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O.Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexander Froese
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dulasi Arunthavarajah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O.Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Nicoletta C Surdo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Silja Meier
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O.Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Olav Melleby
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Aasrum
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O.Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O.Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Lise Román Moltzau
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O.Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn Olav Levy
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O.Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Wessel Andressen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O.Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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Sadek MS, Cachorro E, El-Armouche A, Kämmerer S. Therapeutic Implications for PDE2 and cGMP/cAMP Mediated Crosstalk in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7462. [PMID: 33050419 PMCID: PMC7590001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are the principal superfamily of enzymes responsible for degrading the secondary messengers 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP. Their refined subcellular localization and substrate specificity contribute to finely regulate cAMP/cGMP gradients in various cellular microdomains. Redistribution of multiple signal compartmentalization components is often perceived under pathological conditions. Thereby PDEs have long been pursued as therapeutic targets in diverse disease conditions including neurological, metabolic, cancer and autoimmune disorders in addition to numerous cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). PDE2 is a unique member of the broad family of PDEs. In addition to its capability to hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP, PDE2 is the sole isoform that may be allosterically activated by cGMP increasing its cAMP hydrolyzing activity. Within the cardiovascular system, PDE2 serves as an integral regulator for the crosstalk between cAMP/cGMP pathways and thereby may couple chronically adverse augmented cAMP signaling with cardioprotective cGMP signaling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of PDE2 regulatory functions in multiple cellular components within the cardiovascular system and also within various subcellular microdomains. Implications for PDE2- mediated crosstalk mechanisms in diverse cardiovascular pathologies are discussed highlighting the prospective use of PDE2 as a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Susanne Kämmerer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (M.S.S.); (E.C.)
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The molecular mechanisms associated with the physiological responses to inflammation and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:947-968. [PMID: 32691301 PMCID: PMC7429613 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex physiological signal transduction networks that respond to the dual challenges of inflammatory and oxidative stress are major factors that promote the development of cardiovascular pathologies. These signaling networks contribute to the development of age-related diseases, suggesting crosstalk between the development of aging and cardiovascular disease. Inhibition and/or attenuation of these signaling networks also delays the onset of disease. Therefore, a concept of targeting the signaling networks that are involved in inflammation and oxidative stress may represent a novel treatment paradigm for many types of heart disease. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms associated with the physiological responses to inflammation and oxidative stress especially in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and emphasize the nature of the crosstalk of these signaling processes as well as possible therapeutic implications for cardiovascular medicine.
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Caprnda M, Zulli A, Shiwani HA, Kubatka P, Filipova S, Valentova V, Gazdikova K, Mozos I, Berukstis A, Laucevicius A, Rihacek I, Dragasek J, Prosecky R, Egom EE, Staffa R, Kruzliak P, Krasnik V. The therapeutic effect of B-type natriuretic peptides in acute decompensated heart failure. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1120-1133. [PMID: 32083749 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) exhibits roles in natriuresis and diuresis, making it an ideal drug that may aid in diuresing a fluid-overloaded patient with poor or worsening renal function. Several randomized clinical trials have tested the hypothesis that infusions of pharmacological doses of BNP to acute heart failure (HF) patients may enhance decongestion and preserve renal function in this clinical setting. Unfortunately, none of these have demonstrated beneficial outcomes. The current challenge for BNP research in acute HF lies in addressing a failure of concept and a reluctance to abandon an ineffective research model. Future success will necessitate a detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of BNP, as well as better integration of basic and clinical science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Caprnda
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Haaris A Shiwani
- Royal Lancaster Infirmary, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Trust, Lancaster, UK
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
- Division of Oncology, Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Slavomira Filipova
- Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vanda Valentova
- Division of Oncology, Department of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
- Independent Researcher, Mosjøen, Norway
| | - Katarina Gazdikova
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrius Berukstis
- Clinic of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aleksandras Laucevicius
- Clinic of Heart and Vessel Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ivan Rihacek
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and St, Anne´s University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Dragasek
- First Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Luis Pasteur University Hospital, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Robert Prosecky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brothers of Mercy Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Emmanuel E Egom
- Egom Clinical & Translational Research Services Ltd, Dartmouth, NS, Canada
- Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Research Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Staffa
- Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, St. Anne´s University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brothers of Mercy Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
- Second Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, St. Anne´s University Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Krasnik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
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cGMP signalling in cardiomyocyte microdomains. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1327-1339. [PMID: 31652306 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
3',5'-Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is one of the major second messengers critically involved in the regulation of cardiac electrophysiology, hypertrophy, and contractility. Recent molecular and cellular studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the cGMP signalling cascade, its local microdomain-specific regulation and its role in protecting the heart from pathological stress. Here, we summarise recent findings on cardiac cGMP microdomain regulation and discuss their potential clinical significance.
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11
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Matsuo A, Nagai-Okatani C, Nishigori M, Kangawa K, Minamino N. Natriuretic peptides in human heart: Novel insight into their molecular forms, functions, and diagnostic use. Peptides 2019; 111:3-17. [PMID: 30120963 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Among the three natriuretic peptides, atrial/A-type natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain/B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) are primarily produced by, and secreted from, heart tissue. They maintain cardiovascular homeostasis by binding to natriuretic peptide receptor-A. Since plasma ANP and BNP concentrations, as well as expression, are elevated in response to increased body fluid volume and pressure load on the heart wall, these peptides are widely utilized as diagnostic biomarkers for evaluating heart failure. Regardless of their high utility, differences in their molecular forms between healthy and diseased subjects and how these relate to pathophysiology have not well been examined. Recent studies have shown that the circulating molecular forms of ANP and BNP are not uniform; bioactive α-ANP is the major ANP form, whereas the weakly active proBNP is the major BNP form. The relative ratios of the different molecular forms are altered under different pathophysiological conditions. These facts indicate that detailed measurements of each form may provide useful information on the pathophysiological state of heart tissue. Here, we revisit the relationship between the molecular forms of, and pathophysiological alterations in, human ANP and BNP and discuss the possible utility of the measurement of each of the molecular forms. The third peptide, C-type natriuretic peptide, activates natriuretic peptide receptor-B, but little is known about its production and function in the heart because of its extremely low levels. However, through recent studies, its role in the heart is gradually becoming clear. Here, we summarize its molecular forms, assay systems, and functions in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Matsuo
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Chiaki Nagai-Okatani
- Biotechnology Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishigori
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Kenji Kangawa
- Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Naoto Minamino
- Omics Research Center, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan.
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12
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Derici MK, Sadi G, Cenik B, Güray T, Demirel-Yilmaz E. Differential expressions and functions of phosphodiesterase enzymes in different regions of the rat heart. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 844:118-129. [PMID: 30529467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase enzymes (PDEs) are responsible for the adjustment of cyclic nucleotide levels. Alterations in PDE expressions in different tissues cause conflicts between functional and clinical effects of PDE inhibitors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the gene and protein expressions and the functional role of PDEs in atrium and ventricle of rat heart. The expressions of PDEs were examined in cardiac intact tissues and enzymatically isolated cells. The effects of PDE1-5 inhibitors (vinpocetine, EHNA, milrinone, rolipram, sildenafil, and IBMX) on basal and isoprenaline-stimulated contractions and sinus rate were recorded in the isolated spontaneously beating right atrium and electrically stimulated left papillary muscles. The mRNA and protein levels of PDEs were significantly different in atrial and ventricular intact tissues and isolated myocytes. Atrial contractions were increased with vinpocetine while suppressed by EHNA, milrinone, rolipram, sildenafil and IBMX. Milrinone, sildenafil and IBMX increased the heart rate whereas vinpocetine caused negative chronotropy. Papillary muscle contractions have been increased only with the vinpocetine and IBMX. Both the expression and the action of PDE-1-5 show atrial and ventricular differences. Therefore, these differences should be taken into account in the experimental or therapeutic approaches of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kürşat Derici
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Kirikkale University, Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey.
| | - Gökhan Sadi
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Başar Cenik
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tülin Güray
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Demirel-Yilmaz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Phosphodiesterase 2 inhibition preferentially promotes NO/guanylyl cyclase/cGMP signaling to reverse the development of heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7428-E7437. [PMID: 30012589 PMCID: PMC6077693 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800996115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a shared manifestation of several cardiovascular pathologies, including hypertension and myocardial infarction, and a limited repertoire of treatment modalities entails that the associated morbidity and mortality remain high. Impaired nitric oxide (NO)/guanylyl cyclase (GC)/cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) signaling, underpinned, in part, by up-regulation of cyclic nucleotide-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterase (PDE) isozymes, contributes to the pathogenesis of HF, and interventions targeted to enhancing cGMP have proven effective in preclinical models and patients. Numerous PDE isozymes coordinate the regulation of cardiac cGMP in the context of HF; PDE2 expression and activity are up-regulated in experimental and human HF, but a well-defined role for this isoform in pathogenesis has yet to be established, certainly in terms of cGMP signaling. Herein, using a selective pharmacological inhibitor of PDE2, BAY 60-7550, and transgenic mice lacking either NO-sensitive GC-1α (GC-1α-/-) or natriuretic peptide-responsive GC-A (GC-A-/-), we demonstrate that the blockade of PDE2 promotes cGMP signaling to offset the pathogenesis of experimental HF (induced by pressure overload or sympathetic hyperactivation), reversing the development of left ventricular hypertrophy, compromised contractility, and cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, we show that this beneficial pharmacodynamic profile is maintained in GC-A-/- mice but is absent in animals null for GC-1α or treated with a NO synthase inhibitor, revealing that PDE2 inhibition preferentially enhances NO/GC/cGMP signaling in the setting of HF to exert wide-ranging protection to preserve cardiac structure and function. These data substantiate the targeting of PDE2 in HF as a tangible approach to maximize myocardial cGMP signaling and enhancing therapy.
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Compartmentation of Natriuretic Peptide Signalling in Cardiac Myocytes: Effects on Cardiac Contractility and Hypertrophy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54579-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
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15
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Meier S, Andressen KW, Aronsen JM, Sjaastad I, Hougen K, Skomedal T, Osnes JB, Qvigstad E, Levy FO, Moltzau LR. PDE3 inhibition by C-type natriuretic peptide-induced cGMP enhances cAMP-mediated signaling in both non-failing and failing hearts. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 812:174-183. [PMID: 28697992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR-B) agonist C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) enhances cyclic adenosine 3´,5´-monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated signaling in failing hearts, through cyclic guanosine 3´,5´-monophosphate (cGMP)-mediated phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3 inhibition. As several signaling pathways are importantly changed in failing hearts, it could not be taken for granted that this crosstalk would be the same in non-failing hearts. Thus, we wanted to clarify to which extent this effect of CNP occurred also in non-failing hearts. Inotropic and lusitropic responses were measured in muscle strips and cGMP levels, localized cAMP levels, cAMP-PDE activity and mRNA levels were analyzed in isolated cardiomyocytes from left ventricles of non-failing and failing rat hearts. CNP increased cGMP and enhanced β1- and β2-adrenoceptor-mediated inotropic and β1-adrenoceptor-mediated lusitropic responses, in non-failing and failing hearts. The NPR-A agonist brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) increased cGMP, but did not affect inotropic or lusitropic responses, indicating different compartmentation of cGMP from the two natriuretic peptide receptors. cAMP-PDE activity of PDE3 was concentration-dependently inhibited by cGMP with the same potency and to the same extent in non-failing and failing cardiomyocytes. CNP enhanced β1-adrenoceptor-induced cAMP increase in living cardiomyocytes in the absence, but not in the presence of a PDE3 inhibitor indicating involvement of PDE3. In summary, CNP sensitizes cAMP-mediated signaling in non-failing as in failing hearts, via NPR-B-mediated increase of cGMP that inhibits the cAMP-PDE activity of PDE3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Meier
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Wessel Andressen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Magnus Aronsen
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Bjørknes College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karina Hougen
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Skomedal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan-Bjørn Osnes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Qvigstad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Finn Olav Levy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lise Román Moltzau
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Li T, Cheng HJ, Ohte N, Hasegawa H, Morimoto A, Herrington DM, Little WC, Li W, Cheng CP. C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Improves Left Ventricular Functional Performance at Rest and Restores Normal Exercise Responses after Heart Failure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:545-53. [PMID: 27026682 PMCID: PMC4885509 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.231696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In heart failure (HF), the impaired left ventricular (LV) arterial coupling and diastolic dysfunction present at rest are exacerbated during exercise. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is elevated in HF; however, its functional effects are unclear. We tested the hypotheses that CNP with vasodilating, natriuretic, and positive inotropic and lusitropic actions may prevent this abnormal exercise response after HF. We determined the effects of CNP (2 μg/kg plus 0.4 μg/kg per minute, i.v., 20 minutes) on plasma levels of cGMP before and after HF and assessed LV dynamics during exercise in 10 chronically instrumented dogs with pacing-induced HF. Compared with the levels before HF, CNP infusion caused significantly greater increases in cGMP levels after HF. After HF, at rest, CNP administration significantly reduced LV end-systolic pressure (PES), arterial elastance (EA), and end-diastolic pressure. The peak mitral flow (dV/dtmax) was also increased owing to decreased minimum LVP (LVPmin) and the time constant of LV relaxation (τ) (P < 0.05). In addition, LV contractility (EES) was increased. The LV-arterial coupling (EES/EA) was improved. The beneficial effects persisted during exercise. Compared with exercise in HF preparation, treatment with CNP caused significantly less important increases in PES but significantly decreased τ (34.2 vs. 42.6 ms) and minimum left ventricular pressure with further augmented dV/dtmax Both EES, EES/EA (0.87 vs. 0.32) were increased. LV mechanical efficiency improved from 0.38 to 0.57 (P < 0.05). After HF, exogenous CNP produces arterial vasodilatation and augments LV contraction, relaxation, diastolic filling, and LV arterial coupling, thus improving LV performance at rest and restoring normal exercise responses after HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiankai Li
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (H.J.C., N.O., H.H., A.M., D.M.H., W.C.L., C.P.C.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L., H.J.C, W.L., C.P.C)
| | - Heng-Jie Cheng
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (H.J.C., N.O., H.H., A.M., D.M.H., W.C.L., C.P.C.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L., H.J.C, W.L., C.P.C)
| | - Nobuyuki Ohte
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (H.J.C., N.O., H.H., A.M., D.M.H., W.C.L., C.P.C.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L., H.J.C, W.L., C.P.C)
| | - Hiroshi Hasegawa
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (H.J.C., N.O., H.H., A.M., D.M.H., W.C.L., C.P.C.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L., H.J.C, W.L., C.P.C)
| | - Atsushi Morimoto
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (H.J.C., N.O., H.H., A.M., D.M.H., W.C.L., C.P.C.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L., H.J.C, W.L., C.P.C)
| | - David M Herrington
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (H.J.C., N.O., H.H., A.M., D.M.H., W.C.L., C.P.C.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L., H.J.C, W.L., C.P.C)
| | - William C Little
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (H.J.C., N.O., H.H., A.M., D.M.H., W.C.L., C.P.C.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L., H.J.C, W.L., C.P.C)
| | - Weimin Li
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (H.J.C., N.O., H.H., A.M., D.M.H., W.C.L., C.P.C.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L., H.J.C, W.L., C.P.C)
| | - Che Ping Cheng
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (H.J.C., N.O., H.H., A.M., D.M.H., W.C.L., C.P.C.), and the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L., H.J.C, W.L., C.P.C)
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17
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Moghtadaei M, Polina I, Rose RA. Electrophysiological effects of natriuretic peptides in the heart are mediated by multiple receptor subtypes. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 120:37-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Moltzau LR, Aronsen JM, Meier S, Skogestad J, Ørstavik Ø, Lothe GB, Sjaastad I, Skomedal T, Osnes JB, Levy FO, Qvigstad E. Different Compartmentation of Responses to Brain Natriuretic Peptide and C-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Failing Rat Ventricle. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:681-90. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.214882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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19
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Turning on cGMP-dependent pathways to treat cardiac dysfunctions: boom, bust, and beyond. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2014; 35:404-13. [PMID: 24948380 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
cGMP inhibits hypertrophy, decreases fibrosis, and protects against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Gene-targeting studies have not defined a clear role for its major downstream effector, cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGKI), in cardiac hypertrophy, but do implicate cGMP-cGKI signaling in fibrosis and I/R injury. No direct cGKI activators have advanced to clinical trials, whereas cardiac trials of agents that modulate cGMP via particulate or soluble guanylyl cyclases (GCs) and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) are ongoing. Here we review concerns arising from preclinical and clinical studies that question whether targeting the cGMP pathway remains an encouraging concept for management of heart dysfunction. So far, trial results for GC modulators are inconclusive, and sildenafil, a PDE5 inhibitor, although cardioprotective in mouse models, has not shown positive clinical results. Preclinical cardioprotection observed for sildenafil may result from inhibition of PDE5 in non-cardiomyocytes or off-target effects, possibly on PDE1C. On the basis of such mechanistic considerations, re-evaluation of the cellular localization of drug target(s) and intervention protocols for cGMP-elevating agents may be needed.
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Bubb KJ, Trinder SL, Baliga RS, Patel J, Clapp LH, MacAllister RJ, Hobbs AJ. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 2 augments cGMP and cAMP signaling to ameliorate pulmonary hypertension. Circulation 2014; 130:496-507. [PMID: 24899690 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.009751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disorder characterized by increased pulmonary artery pressure, remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature, and right ventricular failure. Loss of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin contributes to PH pathogenesis, and current therapies are targeted to restore these pathways. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a family of enzymes that break down cGMP and cAMP, which underpin the bioactivity of NO and prostacyclin. PDE5 inhibitors (eg, sildenafil) are licensed for PH, but a role for PDE2 in lung physiology and disease has yet to be established. Herein, we investigated whether PDE2 inhibition modulates pulmonary cyclic nucleotide signaling and ameliorates experimental PH. METHODS AND RESULTS The selective PDE2 inhibitor BAY 60-7550 augmented atrial natriuretic peptide- and treprostinil-evoked pulmonary vascular relaxation in isolated arteries from chronically hypoxic rats. BAY 60-7550 prevented the onset of both hypoxia- and bleomycin-induced PH and produced a significantly greater reduction in disease severity when given in combination with a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor (enhances endogenous natriuretic peptides), trepostinil, inorganic nitrate (NO donor), or a PDE5 inhibitor. Proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension was reduced by BAY 60-7550, an effect further enhanced in the presence of atrial natriuretic peptide, NO, and treprostinil. CONCLUSIONS PDE2 inhibition elicits pulmonary dilation, prevents pulmonary vascular remodeling, and reduces the right ventricular hypertrophy characteristic of PH. This favorable pharmacodynamic profile is dependent on natriuretic peptide bioactivity and is additive with prostacyclin analogues, PDE5 inhibitor, and NO. PDE2 inhibition represents a viable, orally active therapy for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen J Bubb
- From the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (K.J.B., S.L.T., R.S.B., A.J.H.); and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London (J.P., L.H.C., R.J.M.), London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Trinder
- From the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (K.J.B., S.L.T., R.S.B., A.J.H.); and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London (J.P., L.H.C., R.J.M.), London, United Kingdom
| | - Reshma S Baliga
- From the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (K.J.B., S.L.T., R.S.B., A.J.H.); and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London (J.P., L.H.C., R.J.M.), London, United Kingdom
| | - Jigisha Patel
- From the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (K.J.B., S.L.T., R.S.B., A.J.H.); and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London (J.P., L.H.C., R.J.M.), London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie H Clapp
- From the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (K.J.B., S.L.T., R.S.B., A.J.H.); and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London (J.P., L.H.C., R.J.M.), London, United Kingdom
| | - Raymond J MacAllister
- From the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (K.J.B., S.L.T., R.S.B., A.J.H.); and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London (J.P., L.H.C., R.J.M.), London, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- From the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London (K.J.B., S.L.T., R.S.B., A.J.H.); and Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University College London (J.P., L.H.C., R.J.M.), London, United Kingdom.
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