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Chikhale RV, Prasad RS, de Resende PE, Akojwar NS, Purohit RA, Gurav SS, Sinha SK, Prasad SK. Analysing the impact of eriosematin E from Eriosema chinense Vogel. against different diarrhoeagenic pathovars of Escherichia coli using in silico and in vitro approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:8493-8504. [PMID: 37599503 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2246570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Since diarrhoea is reportedly the third largest cause of fatality among kids, therefore it is considered to be one of the major areas of concerns among developing nations. The main causative agents of diarrhoea include Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholera, and Shigella spp where E. coli shares the maximum contribution. The roots of the plant Eriosema chinense Vogel. (Fabaceae) are traditionally used by the native tribes of Meghalaya, India to treat diarrhoea. From previous reports, the plant and its marker eriosematin E have been reported to have antidiarrhoeal potential against pathogenic and nonpathogenic diarrhoea. Therefore, the objective of the current investigation was to use in silico studies to determine the efficacy of eriosematin E against different diarrhoeagenic strains of E. coli. Six different pathovars of E. coli i.e. enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) were subjected to docking simulation studies utilizing Glide module of Schrodinger Maestro 2018-1 MM Share Version. Based on the obtained binding energy and balance between H-bonding, hydrophobic, and salt bridge interactions eriosematin E was found to be most effective against EPEC followed by EAEC and ETEC, while UPEC and EHEC were moderately affected. The molecular dynamics studies suggested a higher affinity of eriosematin E towards heat-labile enterotoxin b-pentamer from ETEC. The in vitro antibacterial studies against the universal strain S. aureus 12981 and E. coli 10418 revealed the effectiveness of eriosematin E showing MIC values of ≥256 µg/mL.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupesh V Chikhale
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rupali S Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Natasha S Akojwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raksha A Purohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailendra S Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Panaji, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Saurabh K Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Satyendra K Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Turnaturi R, Piana S, Spoto S, Costanzo G, Reina L, Pasquinucci L, Parenti C. From Plant to Chemistry: Sources of Antinociceptive Non-Opioid Active Principles for Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design. Molecules 2024; 29:815. [PMID: 38398566 PMCID: PMC10892999 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is associated with many health problems and a reduced quality of life and has been a common reason for seeking medical attention. Several therapeutics are available on the market, although side effects, physical dependence, and abuse limit their use. As the process of pain transmission and modulation is regulated by different peripheral and central mechanisms and neurotransmitters, medicinal chemistry continues to study novel ligands and innovative approaches. Among them, natural products are known to be a rich source of lead compounds for drug discovery due to their chemical structural variety and different analgesic mechanisms. Numerous studies suggested that some chemicals from medicinal plants could be alternative options for pain relief and management. Previously, we conducted a literature search aimed at identifying natural products interacting either directly or indirectly with opioid receptors. In this review, instead, we have made an excursus including active ingredients derived from plants whose mechanism of action appears from the literature to be other than the modulation of the opioid system. These substances could, either by themselves or through synthetic and/or semi-synthetic derivatives, be investigated in order to improve their pharmacokinetic characteristics and could represent a valid alternative to the opioid approach to pain therapy. They could also be the basis for the study of new mechanisms of action in the approach to this complex and disabling pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Turnaturi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Silvia Piana
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Salvatore Spoto
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Giuliana Costanzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Lorena Reina
- Postgraduate School of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Lorella Pasquinucci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (R.T.); (S.P.)
| | - Carmela Parenti
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (S.S.); (C.P.)
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Liu Y, Liu S, Xu ZP, Wang SY, Jiang YK, Guan W, Pan J, Kuang HX, Yang BY. Terpenoid compounds from the fruits of Solanum virginianum. Z NATURFORSCH C 2023; 78:415-420. [PMID: 37748096 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Eleven compounds were isolated and identified from ethanolic extracts of Solanum virginianum fruits, including two new compounds (1-2) and nine known compounds (3-11). Their structures were determined to be melongenaterpene C15-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (9Z)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl -hexadeca-1,6,10-triene-3,5,14,15-tetraol-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), actini-dioionoside A (3), byzantionoside B (4), citroside A (5), 7Z-roseoside (6), matenoside A (7), megastigmane (8), dihydrophaseic acid 3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), taraxerol (10), and huzhangoside C (11). In this paper, NMR spectroscopy was used to study the structures of the compounds, comparing their data with those in the literature. In addition, the potential anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was also evaluated using the RAW264.7 cell inflammation model induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The terpenoids showed no significant anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Zhen-Peng Xu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Si-Yi Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-Kai Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Juan Pan
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Bing-You Yang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Jain V, Sinha SK, Rustage K, Pareek A, Srivastava M, Meena MK, Shakya A, Gupta MM, Rai N, Pareek A, Ratan Y, Chen MH, Prasad SK, Ashraf GM. Solasodine Containing Solanum torvum L. Fruit Extract Prevents Chronic Constriction Injury-Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats: In Silico and In Vivo Evidence of TRPV1 Receptor and Cytokine Inhibition. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5378-5394. [PMID: 37314657 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of ethanolic extract of Solanum torvum L. fruit (EESTF) containing solasodine in treating chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Three-dimensional (3D) simulation studies of solasodine binding were conducted on the TRPV1 receptor, IL-6, and TNF-α structures. For in vivo justification, an assessment of behavioral, biochemical, and histological changes was designed after a CCI-induced neuropathic pain model in rats. On days 7, 14, and 21, CCI significantly increased mechanical, thermal, and cold allodynia while producing a functional deficit. IL-6, TNF-α, TBARS, and MPO levels also increased. SOD levels of catalase and reduced glutathione levels also decreased. Administration of pregabalin (30 mg/kg, oral), solasodine (25 mg/kg, oral), and EESTF (100 and 300 mg/kg, oral) significantly reduced CCI-induced behavioral and biochemical changes (P < 0.05). The protective nature of EESTF was also confirmed by histological analysis. Capsaicin, a TRPV1 receptor agonist, abolished the antinociceptive effects of EESTF when used previously. From the observations of the docking studies, solasodine acted as an antagonist at TRPV1, whereas the docking scores of solasodine against TNF-α and IL-6 were reported to be -11.2 and -6.04 kcal/mol, respectively. The attenuating effect of EESTF might be related to its antagonistic effects on TRPV1, suppression of cytokines, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Saurabh K Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kajol Rustage
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukesh K Meena
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Madan Mohan Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Nitish Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aaushi Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Yashumati Ratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Min Hua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | | | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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Goyal S, Goyal S, Goins AE, Alles SR. Plant-derived natural products targeting ion channels for pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 13:100128. [PMID: 37151956 PMCID: PMC10160805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain affects approximately one-fifth of people worldwide and reduces quality of life and in some cases, working ability. Ion channels expressed along nociceptive pathways affect neuronal excitability and as a result modulate pain experience. Several ion channels have been identified and investigated as potential targets for new medicines for the treatment of a variety of human diseases, including chronic pain. Voltage-gated channels Na+ and Ca2+ channels, K+ channels, transient receptor potential channels (TRP), purinergic (P2X) channels and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are some examples of ion channels exhibiting altered function or expression in different chronic pain states. Pharmacological approaches are being developed to mitigate dysregulation of these channels as potential treatment options. Since natural compounds of plant origin exert promising biological and pharmacological properties and are believed to possess less adverse effects compared to synthetic drugs, they have been widely studied as treatments for chronic pain for their ability to alter the functional activity of ion channels. A literature review was conducted using Medline, Google Scholar and PubMed, resulted in listing 79 natural compounds/extracts that are reported to interact with ion channels as part of their analgesic mechanism of action. Most in vitro studies utilized electrophysiological techniques to study the effect of natural compounds on ion channels using primary cultures of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. In vivo studies concentrated on different pain models and were conducted mainly in mice and rats. Proceeding into clinical trials will require further study to develop new, potent and specific ion channel modulators of plant origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Goyal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Shivali Goyal
- School of Pharmacy, Abhilashi University, Chail Chowk, Mandi, HP 175045, India
| | - Aleyah E. Goins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Sascha R.A. Alles
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Chen SM, Wang MH, Soung HS, Tseng HC, Fang CH, Lin YW, Yang CC, Tsai CC. Neuroprotective effect of l-theanine in a rat model of chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve-induced neuropathic pain. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 121:802-814. [PMID: 34531102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE We investigated the protective efficacy of l-theanine (LT), the major amino acid components of green tea, on chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve-induced neuropathic pain (NP) development and neuronal functional changes in rats. METHODS Rats with NP induced by CCI of the left sciatic nerve and sham-operated rats received LT or saline solution, with pain sensitive tests of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia. Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities were measured after surgery. Subsequently, the rats were sacrificed; the sciatic nerve was excised, homogenized, prepared and subjected for estimation of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and caspase-3. RESULTS CCI produced a significant increase in hyperalgesia and allodynia, an increase in SFI, a decrease in nerve conduction velocity, increases in NO, MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MPO, and caspase-3 levels, as well as reduction of GSH, SOD, and CAT in the rat sciatic nerve. LT treatment significantly and dose-dependently alleviated CCI-induced nociceptive pain thresholds and ameliorated abnormal nerve conduction and functional loss in rats with CCI. Moreover, LT treatment reduced NO and MDA levels, increased antioxidative strength, and markedly suppressed the levels of neuroinflammatory and apoptotic markers in injured sciatic nerves. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the ameliorative effect of LT in CCI-induced NP in rats. This effect might be attributed to its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and neuroprotective, thus making it potentially useful as an adjuvant to conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mao-Hsien Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, En Chu Kon Hospital, Sanshia District, New Taipei City, 23702, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Sheng Soung
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuan-Shan Br. of Taipei Veteran General Hospital, Yilan County, 26604, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiang-Chien Tseng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 11101, Taiwan, ROC; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Hsiang Fang
- China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 404332, Taiwan, ROC; Trauma and Emergency Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 404018, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10051, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Chuan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Nursing, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, 11260, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Chia Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, 10449, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan, ROC.
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Chikhale RV, Sinha SK, Patil RB, Prasad SK, Shakya A, Gurav N, Prasad R, Dhaswadikar SR, Wanjari M, Gurav SS. In-silico investigation of phytochemicals from Asparagus racemosus as plausible antiviral agent in COVID-19. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 39:5033-5047. [PMID: 32579064 PMCID: PMC7335809 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1784289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 has ravaged the world and is the greatest of pandemics in human history, in the absence of treatment or vaccine the mortality and morbidity rates are very high. The present investigation was undertaken to screen and identify the potent leads from the Indian Ayurvedic herb, Asparagus racemosus (Willd.) against SARS-CoV-2 using molecular docking and dynamics studies. The docking analysis was performed on the Glide module of Schrödinger suite on two different proteins from SARS-CoV-2 viz. NSP15 Endoribonuclease and spike receptor-binding domain. Asparoside-C, Asparoside-D and Asparoside -F were found to be most effective against both the proteins as confirmed through their docking score and affinity. Further, the 100 ns molecular dynamics study also confirmed the potential of these compounds from reasonably lower root mean square deviations and better stabilization of Asparoside-C and Asparoside-F in spike receptor-binding domain and NSP15 Endoribonuclease respectively. MM-GBSA based binding free energy calculations also suggest the most favourable binding affinities of Asparoside-C and Asparoside-F with binding energies of -62.61 and -55.19 Kcal/mol respectively with spike receptor-binding domain and NSP15 Endoribonuclease. HighlightsAsparagus racemosus have antiviral potentialPhytochemicals of Shatavari showed promising in-silico docking and MD resultsAsparaoside-C and Asparoside-F has good binding with target proteinsAsparagus racemosus holds promise as SARS-COV-2 (S) and (N) proteins inhibitor Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saurabh K. Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Shukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Rajesh B. Patil
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society’s, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | | | - Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Nilambari Gurav
- PES’s Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Ponda, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Rupali Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T.M. University, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Manish Wanjari
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Aamkho, Gwalior, India
| | - Shailendra S. Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Goa, India
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1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivative Attenuates Chronic Constriction Injury Induced Neuropathic Pain: A Computational, Behavioral, and Molecular Approach. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10100731. [PMID: 33066162 PMCID: PMC7601954 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The production and up-regulation of inflammatory mediators are contributing factors for the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. In the present study, the post-treatment of synthetic 1,3,4 oxadiazole derivative (B3) for its neuroprotective potential in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain was applied. In-silico studies were carried out through Auto Dock, PyRx, and DSV to obtain the possible binding and interactions of the ligands (B3) with COX-2, IL-6, and iNOS. The sciatic nerve of the anesthetized rat was constricted with sutures 3/0. Treatment with 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative was started a day after surgery and continued until the 14th day. All behavioral studies were executed on day 0, 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th. The sciatic nerve and spinal cord were collected for further molecular analysis. The interactions in the form of hydrogen bonding stabilizes the ligand target complex. B3 showed three hydrogen bonds with IL-6. B3, in addition to correcting paw posture/deformation induced by CCI, attenuates hyperalgesia (p < 0.001) and allodynia (p < 0.001). B3 significantly raised the level of GST and GSH in both the sciatic nerve and spinal cord and reduced the LPO and iNOS (p < 0.001). B3 attenuates the pathological changes induced by nerve injury, which was confirmed by H&E staining and IHC examination. B3 down-regulates the over-expression of the inflammatory mediator IL-6 and hence provides neuroprotective effects in CCI-induced pain. The results demonstrate that B3 possess anti-nociceptive and anti-hyperalgesic effects and thus minimizes pain perception and inflammation. The possible underlying mechanism for the neuroprotective effect of B3 probably may be mediated through IL-6.
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Chikhale RV, Gupta VK, Eldesoky GE, Wabaidur SM, Patil SA, Islam MA. Identification of potential anti-TMPRSS2 natural products through homology modelling, virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:1-16. [PMID: 32741259 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1798813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a pandemic of COVID-19. The absence of a therapeutic drug and vaccine is causing severe loss of life and economy worldwide. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 employ the host cellular serine protease TMPRSS2 for spike (S) protein priming for viral entry into host cells. A potential way to reduce the initial site of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be to inhibit the activity of TMPRSS2. In the current study, the three-dimensional structure of TMPRSS2 was generated by homology modelling and subsequently validated with a number of parameters. The structure-based virtual screening of Selleckchem database was performed through 'Virtual Work Flow' (VSW) to find out potential lead-like TMPRSS2 inhibitors. Camostat and bromhexine are known TMPRSS2 inhibitor drugs, hence these were used as control molecules throughout the study. Based on better dock score, binding-free energy and binding interactions compared to the control molecules, six molecules (Neohesperidin, Myricitrin, Quercitrin, Naringin, Icariin, and Ambroxol) were found to be promising against the TMPRSS2. Binding interactions analysis revealed a number of significant binding interactions with binding site amino residues of TMPRSS2. The all-atoms molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study indicated that all proposed molecules retain inside the receptor in dynamic states. The binding energy calculated from the MD simulation trajectories also favour the strong affinity of the molecules towards the TMPRSS2. Proposed molecules belong to the bioflavonoid class of phytochemicals and are reported to possess antiviral activity, our study indicates their possible potential for application in COVID-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek K Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - Gaber E Eldesoky
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saikh M Wabaidur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shripad A Patil
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - Md Ataul Islam
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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