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Krstic B, Selakovic D, Jovicic N, Krstic M, Katanic Stankovic JS, Rosic S, Milovanovic D, Rosic G. Complex Hippocampal Response to Thermal Skin Injury and Protocols with Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Filipendula ulmaria Extract in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3033. [PMID: 38474277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the alterations of the hippocampal function that may be related to anxiogenic response to thermal skin injury, including the morpho-functional alterations, and the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and Filipendula ulmaria (FU) extract in the treatment of anxiety-like behavior that coincides with thermal skin injury. A rat thermal skin injury experimental model was performed on 2-month-old male Wistar albino rats. The evaluated therapeutic protocols included HBO and/or antioxidant supplementation. HBO was applied for 7 days in the hyperbaric chamber (100% O2, 2.5 ATA, 60 min). Oral administration of FU extract (final concentration of 100 mg/kg b.w.) to achieve antioxidant supplementation was also applied for 7 days. Anxiety level was estimated in the open field and elevated plus-maze test, which was followed by anesthesia, sacrifice, and collection of hippocampal tissue samples. HBO treatment and FU supplementation significantly abolished anxiogenic response to thermal skin injury. This beneficial effect was accompanied by the reduction in hippocampal pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic indicators, and enhanced BDNF and GABA-ARα2S gene expression, previously observed in untreated burns. The hippocampal relative gene expression of melatonin receptors and NPY positively responded to the applied protocols, in the same manner as µ and δ opioid receptors, while the opposite response was observed for κ receptors. The results of this study provide some confirmations that adjuvant strategies, such as HBO and antioxidant supplementation, may be simultaneously applied in the treatment of the anxiety-like behavior that coincides with thermal skin injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Krstic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragica Selakovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Jovicic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milos Krstic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena S Katanic Stankovic
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sara Rosic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Dragan Milovanovic
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Clinical Centre Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Gvozden Rosic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Allahham A, Rowe G, Stevenson A, Fear MW, Vallence AM, Wood FM. The impact of burn injury on the central nervous system. BURNS & TRAUMA 2024; 12:tkad037. [PMID: 38312739 PMCID: PMC10835674 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Burn injuries can be devastating, with life-long impacts including an increased risk of hospitalization for a wide range of secondary morbidities. One area that remains not fully understood is the impact of burn trauma on the central nervous system (CNS). This review will outline the current findings on the physiological impact that burns have on the CNS and how this may contribute to the development of neural comorbidities including mental health conditions. This review highlights the damaging effects caused by burn injuries on the CNS, characterized by changes to metabolism, molecular damage to cells and their organelles, and disturbance to sensory, motor and cognitive functions in the CNS. This damage is likely initiated by the inflammatory response that accompanies burn injury, and it is often long-lasting. Treatments used to relieve the symptoms of damage to the CNS due to burn injury often target inflammatory pathways. However, there are non-invasive treatments for burn patients that target the functional and cognitive damage caused by the burn, including transcranial magnetic stimulation and virtual reality. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms that underpin the impact of a burn injury on the CNS, burn severity thresholds required to inflict damage to the CNS, and acute and long-term therapies to ameliorate deleterious CNS changes after a burn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Allahham
- Burn injury research unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Fiona Wood Foundation, 11 Robin Warren Dr, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
| | - Grant Rowe
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Andrew Stevenson
- Burn injury research unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Fiona Wood Foundation, 11 Robin Warren Dr, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn injury research unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Fiona Wood Foundation, 11 Robin Warren Dr, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
| | - Ann-Maree Vallence
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth 6150, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch Perth 6150, Australia
- Burn Service of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, MNH (B), Level 4, 102-118 Murdoch Drive, Murdoch, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn injury research unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Fiona Wood Foundation, 11 Robin Warren Dr, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
- School of Psychology, College of Health and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Perth 6150, Australia
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Xu Z, Zhu X, Mu S, Fan R, Wang B, Gao W, Kang T. FTO overexpression expedites wound healing and alleviates depression in burn rats through facilitating keratinocyte migration and angiogenesis via mediating TFPI-2 demethylation. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:325-335. [PMID: 37074506 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04719-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Burn injury is a serious traumatic injury that leads to severe physical and psychosocial impairment. Wound healing after burn injury is a substantial challenge in medical community. This study investigated the biological effects of the demethylase fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) on burn injury. FTO protein level in burn skin tissues of patients was measured with Western blot assay. Keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) were given heat stimulation to induce an in vitro burn injury model, and then transfected with overexpression plasmids of FTO (pcDNA-FTO) or small interfering RNA against FTO (si-FTO). Cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in keratinocytes were evaluated with CCK-8, Transwell, and tube formation assays, respectively. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) m6A methylation level was detected with MeRIP‑qPCR assay. Then rescue experiments were conducted to explore the effects of FTO/TFPI-2 axis on keratinocyte functions. Lentivirus carrying FTO overexpression plasmids was injected into a burn rat model to detect its effects on wound healing and depressive-like behaviors in burn rats. FTO was downregulated in burn skin and heat-stimulated keratinocytes. FTO prominently augmented proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in heat-stimulated keratinocytes, while FTO knockdown showed the opposite results. FTO inhibited TFPI-2 expression by FTO-mediated m6A methylation modification. TFPI-2 overexpression abrogated FTO mediated enhancement of proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in keratinocytes. Additionally, FTO overexpression accelerated wound healing and improved depressive-like behaviors in burn rat model. FTO prominently augmented proliferation, migration and angiogenesis in heat-stimulated keratinocytes though inhibiting TFPI-2, and then improved wound healing and depressive-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Xu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Xiumei Zhu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Shengzhi Mu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Ronghui Fan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Benfeng Wang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Tao Kang
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China.
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Bibi T, Bano S, Ud Din F, Ali H, Khan S. Preparation, characterization, and pharmacological application of oral Honokiol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for diabetic neuropathy. Int J Pharm 2023; 645:123399. [PMID: 37703961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Honokiol is a phytochemical component with a variety of pharmacological properties. However, the major limitation of Honokiol is its poor solubility and low oral bioavailability. In this study, we formulated and characterized oral Honokiol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to enhance bioavailability and then evaluated their effectiveness in experimental diabetic neuropathy (DN). The finalized formulation has a spherical morphology, a particle size (PS) of 121.31 ± 9.051 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.249 ± 0.002, a zeta potential (ZP) of -20.8 ± 2.72 mV, and an entrapment efficiency (% EE) of 88.66 ± 2.30 %. In-vitro release data shows, Honokiol-SLNs displayed a sustained release profile at pH (7.4). The oral bioavailability of Honokiol-SLNs was remarkably greater (8-fold) than Honokiol-Pure suspension. The neuroprotective property of Honokiol-SLNs was initially demonstrated against hydrogen peroxide H2O2-stimulated PC12 (pheochromocytoma) cells. Furthermore, results of in-vivo studies demonstrated that treatment with Honokiol-SLNs significantly (p < 0.001) suppressed oxidative stress by inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and significant (p < 0.001) upregulation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling in the spinal cord. The expression of transient receptor potential melastatin 8(TRPM8) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) was significantly (p < 0.001) downregulated. Honokiol-SLNs inhibited apoptosis by significant (p < 0.001) downregulation of cleaved caspase-3 expression in the spinal cord. These findings demonstrate that Honokiol-SLNs providedbetter neuroprotection in DN because of higher oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehmina Bibi
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shahar Bano
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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5
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Wu G, Wu Y. Neuroprotective effect of Kurarinone against corticosterone-induced cytotoxicity on rat hippocampal neurons by targeting BACE1 to activate P13K-AKT signaling - A potential treatment in insomnia disorder. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01132. [PMID: 37740616 PMCID: PMC10517343 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insomnia disorder (ID) and the purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of the natural flavone Kurarinone (Kur) on hippocampal neurotoxicity as a potential treatment of ID. The effect of Kur on hippocampal neuronal cell (HNC) viability and apoptosis were assessed by Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Then, the effect of Kur on β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation level were measured by Western blot. Further, SwissTargetPrediction analysis and molecular docking experiments were used to detect a potential target of Kur. Then, the p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) model was established in vivo to further study the effect of BACE1 expression on Kur and HNC. As a result, HNC viability was only significantly decreased by 2 μM of Kur. Kur reversed the impacts of corticosterone upon inhibiting viability (0.25-1 μM), PI3K (0.5-1 μM)/AKT phosphorylation, and BDNF (1 μM) level, and enhancing the apoptosis (0.25-1 μM) and BACE1 expression (1 μM) in HNCs. BACE1 was a potential target of Kur. Notably, Kur (150 mg/kg) attenuated PCPA-induced upregulation of BACE1 expression in rat hippocampal tissues as ZRAS (0.8 g/kg). The effects of Kur (1 μM) on corticosterone-treated HNCs were reversed by BACE1 overexpression. Collectively, Kur downregulates BACE1 level to activate PI3K/AKT, thereby attenuating corticosterone-induced toxicity in HNCs, indicating that Kur possibly exerted a neuroprotective effect, which providing a new perspective for the treatment of insomnia disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wu
- Department of MedicineTongde Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Institute of Traditional Chinese MedicineHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicine Research and DevelopmentHangzhouChina
| | - Yanyan Wu
- Department of MedicineTongde Hospital of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
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Li J, Wei S, Marabada D, Wang Z, Huang Q. Research Progress of Natural Matrine Compounds and Synthetic Matrine Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:5780. [PMID: 37570750 PMCID: PMC10421345 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrine is a quinoline alkaloid extracted and separated from the dried root, fruit, and other parts of the plant Sophora flavescens using an organic solvent. Matrine exhibits a variety of biological activities and is widely used in pharmacy, agronomy, and other fields. Due to its low bioavailability, poor chemical stability, and toxicity to the central nervous system, a large number of researchers have searched for matrine derivatives with higher biological activity and safety by modifying its structure. In this review article, the research progress of matrine derivatives obtained using two methods (extraction from Sophora flavescens and structural modifications) from 2018 to 2022 in terms of pharmacological activity, mechanism of action, and structure-activity relationship are presented. The modification of matrine over the past five years has been mainly on the D-ring. Many new matrine alkaloids have been extracted from natural products, some of which have good pharmacological activity, which broadens the strategy for matrine structural modification in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (J.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Shijie Wei
- Pharmacy Department, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China;
| | - Davies Marabada
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (J.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Zhizhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (J.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Qing Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; (J.L.); (D.M.)
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Wang Y, Deng K, Qian J, Tan L. Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children with burn injury: Case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34029. [PMID: 37327291 PMCID: PMC10270491 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Burns are one of the most debilitating injuries in the world and one of the major causes of accidental disability and death among children. Severe burns can result in irreversible brain damage, placing patients at high risk of brain failure and high mortality. Therefore, timely diagnosis and treatment of burn encephalopathy are crucial for improving prognosis. In recent years, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been increasingly used to improve the prognosis of patients with burns. Here, we report a case of ECMO treatment in a child with burns and review the relevant literature. PATIENT CONCERNS A 7-year-old boy with a modified Baux score of 24 presented with asphyxia, loss of consciousness, refractory hypoxemia, and malignant arrhythmia after smoke inhalation for 1 day. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed a large amount of black carbon-like substances aspirated from the trachea. DIAGNOSES Considering that the boy inhaled a large amount of smoke, the clinical manifestation was unclear consciousness, laboratory examination revealed continuous low blood oxygen saturation, and bronchoscopy revealed a large amount of black carbon-like substances in the trachea, thereby leading to the diagnosis of asphyxia, inhalation pneumonia, burn encephalopathy, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and malignant arrhythmia. In addition, pulmonary edema and carbon monoxide poisoning are caused by chemical agents, gas fumes, and vapors. INTERVENTIONS The boy's blood oxygen saturation and blood circulation remained unstable despite various ventilation methods and medications, thus we decided to use ECMO. After 8 days of ECMO support, the patient was successfully weaned from the machine. OUTCOMES Under the application of ECMO, the respiratory and circulatory systems significantly improved. Nevertheless, due to the progressive brain injury caused by burns and the poor prognosis, the parents ceased all treatment and the boy passed away. LESSONS This case report demonstrates that brain edema and herniation can arise as phenotypes of burn encephalopathy, which is a challenge to treat in children. Children with confirmed or suspected burn encephalopathy should undergo diagnostic tests completed as soon as possible to confirm the diagnosis. After receiving ECMO treatment, the respiratory and circulatory systems of the burn victims reported significantly improved. Hence, ECMO is a viable alternative for supporting patients with burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Wang
- Department of Surgical intensive care, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kelei Deng
- Department of Surgical intensive care, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Qian
- Department of Surgical intensive care, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linhua Tan
- Department of Surgical intensive care, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Khan A, Shal B, Ullah Khan A, Ullah Shah K, Saniya Zahra S, ul Haq I, ud Din F, Ali H, Khan S. Neuroprotective mechanism of Ajugarin-I against Vincristine-Induced neuropathic pain via regulation of Nrf2/NF-κB and Bcl2 signalling. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110046. [PMID: 36989890 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Vincristine (VCR) is a well-known chemotherapeutic agent that frequently triggers neuropathic pain. Ajugarin-I (Aju-I) isolated from Ajuga bracteosa exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. The present study was designed to investigate the ameliorative potential of Aju-I against VCR-induced neuropathic pain and explored the underlying mechanism involved. The neuroprotective potential of Aju-I was first confirmed against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in PC12 cells. For neuropathic pain induction, vincristine was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) into adult male albino mice (BALB/c) of the same age (8-12 weeks old) for 10 days (days 1-10). Aju-I (1 and 5 mg/kg) doses were administered from day 11 to 21 intraperitoneally (i.p.) after the neuropathic induction. Initially, behavioral tests such as thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, and cold allodynia were performed to investigate the antinociceptive potential of Ajugarin-I (1 and 5 mg/kg, b.w). The nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2(Nrf2), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), BCL2-associated × protein (Bax), and B-cell-lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) signaling proteins were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines, antioxidant, and oxidative stress parameters were also measured in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve. The behavioral results demonstrated that Aju-I (5 mg/kg) markedly alleviated VCR-induced neuropathic pain behaviors including hyperalgesia and allodynia. It reversed the histological alterations caused by VCR in the sciatic nerve, spinal cord, and brain. It significantly alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating the immunoreactivity of Nrf2/NF-κB signaling. It suppressed apoptosis by regulating the immunoreactivity of Bcl-2/Bax and Caspase-3. The flow cytometry and comet analysis also confirmed its anti-apoptotic potential. It considerably improved the antioxidant status and mitigated VCR-induced inflammatory cytokines. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis indicated that Aju-I crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and penetrated the brain tissue. These findings suggest that Aju-I treatment inhibited vincristine-induced neuropathy via regulation of Nrf2/NF-κB and Bcl2 signaling.
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Chhabra S, Mehan S. Matrine exerts its neuroprotective effects by modulating multiple neuronal pathways. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1471-1499. [PMID: 37103719 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that misfolding, clumping, and accumulation of proteins in the brain may be common causes and pathogenic mechanism for several neurological illnesses. This causes neuronal structural deterioration and disruption of neural circuits. Research from various fields supports this idea, indicating that developing a single treatment for several severe conditions might be possible. Phytochemicals from medicinal plants play an essential part in maintaining the brain's chemical equilibrium by affecting the proximity of neurons. Matrine is a tetracyclo-quinolizidine alkaloid derived from the plant Sophora flavescens Aiton. Matrine has been shown to have a therapeutic effect on Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and various other neurological disorders. Numerous studies have demonstrated that matrine protects neurons by altering multiple signalling pathways and crossing the blood-brain barrier. As a result, matrine may have therapeutic utility in the treatment of a variety of neurocomplications. This work aims to serve as a foundation for future clinical research by reviewing the current state of matrine as a neuroprotective agent and its potential therapeutic application in treating neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric illnesses. Future research will answer many concerns and lead to fascinating discoveries that could impact other aspects of matrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swesha Chhabra
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Sidharth Mehan
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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Hashem-Dabaghian F, Kianbakht S. A randomized controlled trial on the seeds of Sophora alopecuroides var. alopecuroides for the treatment of acute heroin withdrawal syndrome. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2023; 51:101740. [PMID: 36827871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2023.101740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND and purpose: The seeds of Sophora alopecuroides var. alopecuroides have attenuated the acute opium withdrawal syndrome in humans. Therefore, the efficacy and safety of a standardized extract of the plant for the treatment of acute heroin withdrawal syndrome was evaluated in abstinent heroin addicts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The patients were randomized to take three 400 mg extract capsules (N = 50) or placebo (N = 50) once per day orally for eight days. The severity of withdrawal syndrome was assessed by the clinical opiate withdrawal scale (COWS) as the primary outcome measure at the baseline and on the days 3 and 8. The hepatic and renal functions and complete blood count were the secondary outcome measures tested at the baseline and end of the study. RESULTS The COWS score decreased in both groups after eight days, but the decrease was significantly higher in the experimental group (p < 0.001); the effect size of the decrease was 2.64. The groups had significant differences in the COWS scores on the days 3 and 8 (p < 0.001 for both). The extract had no significant effect on the other parameters. No side effect was noted. CONCLUSION The extract seems to alleviate acute heroin withdrawal syndrome safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Institute for Studies in Medical History, Persian and Complementary Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Kianbakht
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
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11
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Khan A, Shal B, Khan AU, Bibi T, Zeeshan S, Zahra SS, Crews P, Haq IU, Din FU, Ali H, Khan S. Suppression of MAPK/NF-kB and activation of Nrf2 signaling by Ajugarin-I in EAE model of multiple sclerosis. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36789832 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating neurodegenerative autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective properties of Ajugarin-I (Aju-I) against the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS and explored the underlying mechanism involved. The protective potential of Aju-I was first confirmed against glutamate-induced HT22 cells and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-induced BV2 cells. Next, an EAE model has been established to investigate the mechanisms of MS and identify potential candidates for MS treatment. The behavioral results demonstrated that Aju-I post-immunization treatment markedly reduced the EAE-associated clinical score, motor impairment, and neuropathic pain. Evans blue and fluorescein isothiocyanate extravasation in the brain were markedly reduced by Aju-I. It effectively restored the EAE-associated histopathological changes in the brain and spinal cord. It markedly attenuated EAE-induced inflammation in the CNS by reducing the expression levels of p-38/JNK/NF-κB but increased the expression of IkB-α. It suppressed oxidative stress by increasing the expression of Nrf2 but decreasing the expression of keap-1. It suppressed EAE-induced apoptosis in the CNS by regulating Bax/Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 expression. Taken together, this study suggests that Aju-I treatment exhibits neuroprotective properties in the EAE model of MS via regulation of MAPK/NF-κB, Nrf2/Keap-1, and Bcl2/Bax signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,DHQ Teaching Hospital Timergara, Lower Dir, Timergara, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pak-Austria Fachhochschule Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Bibi
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sara Zeeshan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Saniya Zahra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Phillip Crews
- Division of Physical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Wang X, Wu FP, Huang YR, Li HD, Cao XY, You Y, Meng ZF, Sun KY, Shen XY. Matrine suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation via regulating PTPN2/JNK/SREBP2 pathway in sepsis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154574. [PMID: 36610161 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Abnormal activation of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Matrine is proved to show good anti-inflammatory properties, whereas its effect and the underlying molecular machinery on sepsis remains unclear. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect and mechanism of Matrine on sepsis. STUDY DESIGN THP-1 cells and J774A.1 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with nigericin or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to establish an in vitro model. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mouse model was used. Matrine was given by gavage. METHODS To investigate the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced THP-1 cells were first primed with LPS and then stimulated by matrine, followed by treatment with nigericin or ATP. The concentration of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) in the cell culture supernatant was detected. The mechanism was explored by cell death assay, immunoblots and immunofluorescence in vitro. C57BL/6 mice were intragastrically administered with matrine for 5 days before CLP. The therapeutic effect of matrine was evaluated by symptoms, pathological analysis, ELISA and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Our results revealed that matrine inhibited IL-1β and IL-18 secretion, suppressed caspase-1 activation, reduced cell death, and blocked ASC speck formation upon NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, matrine restrains NLRP3 inflammasome activation as well as pyroptosis through regulating the protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2)/JNK/SREBP2 signaling. Matrine also prominently improved the symptoms and pathological changes with reduced levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the lung tissues and serum in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION Matrine effectively alleviates the symptoms of CLP-induced sepsis in mice, restrains NLRP3 inflammasome activation by regulating PTPN2/JNK/SREBP2 signaling pathway, and may become a promising therapeutic agent for sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu-Peng Wu
- Department of Emergency, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ran Huang
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Dong Li
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yue Cao
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan You
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Feng Meng
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ke-Yu Sun
- Department of Emergency, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Shen
- Minhang Hospital and Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Shal B, Amanat S, Khan AU, Lee YJ, Ali H, Din FU, Park Y, Khan S. Potential applications of PEGylated green gold nanoparticles in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 50:130-146. [PMID: 35620802 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2078340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of green tea extract PEGylated gold nanoparticles (P-AuNPs) making use of its targeted and sustained drug delivery against cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. AuNPs were synthesized by reduction reaction of gold salts with green tea extract following the concept of green synthesis. Mostly spherical-shaped P-AuNPs were synthesized with an average size of 14.3 ± 3.3 nm. Pre-treatment with P-AuNPs (1, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) before CYP (150 mg/kg, i.p.) challenge suggested its uroprotective properties. P-AuNPs significantly reversed all pain-like behaviours and toxicities produced by CYP resulting in a decreased aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, C-reactive protein, and creatinine level. P-AuNPs increased anti-oxidant system by increasing the level of reduced glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase, and reduced nitric oxide production in bladder tissue. Additionally, it attenuated hypokalaemia and hyponatremia, along with a decrease in Evans blue content in bladder tissue and peritoneal cavity. CYP-induced bladder tissue damage observed by macroscopic and histological findings were remarkably attenuated by P-AuNPs, along with reduced fibrosis of collagen fibre in bladder smooth muscles shown by Masson's trichrome staining. Additionally, alterations in hematological parameters and clinical scoring were also prevented by P-AuNPs suggesting its uroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, IQRA University, Islamabad Campus, (Chak Shahzad), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Safa Amanat
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - You Jeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Youmie Park
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Anti-nociceptive effects of magnolol via inhibition of TRPV1/P2Y and TLR4/NF-κB signaling in a postoperative pain model. Life Sci 2022; 312:121202. [PMID: 36414090 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The current study explored the anti-nociceptive activity of magnolol in post-incisional inflammatory nociceptive pain. MAIN METHODS Preliminary, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytoprotective potential of magnolol were confirmed against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced PC12 cells. Next, an in-vivo model of planter incision surgery was established in BALB/c mice. Tramadol 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.) and magnolol (0.1, 1, 10 mg/kg i.p. + 10 mg/kg intra planter) were administered after plantar incision surgery and behavior parameters were measured. KEY FINDINGS The results indicate that magnolol significantly suppressed post-incision-induced mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and paw edema. Magnolol promisingly inhibited post-incision induces nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and neutrophil infiltration. Magnolol strongly attenuated post-incision inducing the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inhibited deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation. Magnolol markedly reverses post-incisional histopathological changes and biochemical composition of the incised paw. Magnolol markedly down-regulated post-incisional increase expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), purinergic (P2Y) nociceptors as well as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) while upregulating the expression of inhibitor of nuclear kappa B alpha (IκB-α). SIGNIFICANCE The present study strongly suggests that magnolol significantly suppressed post-incisional inflammatory nociceptive pain by targeting TRPV1/P2Y and TLR4/NF-κB signaling.
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Xie C, Hu J, Cheng Y, Yao Z. Researches on cognitive sequelae of burn injury: Current status and advances. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1026152. [PMID: 36408414 PMCID: PMC9672468 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1026152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn injury is a devastating disease with high incidence of disability and mortality. The cognitive dysfunctions, such as memory defect, are the main neurological sequelae influencing the life quality of burn-injured patients. The post-burn cognitive dysfunctions are related to the primary peripheral factors and the secondary cerebral inflammation, resulting in the destruction of blood-brain barrier (BBB), as is shown on Computed Tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. As part of the neurovascular unit, BBB is vital to the nutrition and homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) and undergoes myriad alterations after burn injury, causing post-burn cognitive defects. The diagnosis and treatment of cognitive dysfunctions as burn injury sequelae are of great importance. In this review, we address the major manifestations and interventions of post-burn cognitive defects, as well as the mechanisms involved in memory defect, including neuroinflammation, destruction of BBB, and hormone imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command of PLA, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongxiang Yao
- Department of Physiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Sun Y, Xu L, Cai Q, Wang M, Wang X, Wang S, Ni Z. Research progress on the pharmacological effects of matrine. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:977374. [PMID: 36110092 PMCID: PMC9469773 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.977374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrine possesses anti-cancer properties, as well as the prevention and treatment of allergic asthma, and protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Its mechanism of action may be (1) regulation of cancer cell invasion, migration, proliferation, and cell cycle to inhibit tumor growth; (2) reduction of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and advanced glycation end products from the source by exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects; (3) protection of brain damage and cortical neurons by regulating apoptosis; (4) restoration of the intestinal barrier and regulation of the intestinal microbiota. This article aims to explore matrine’s therapeutic potential by summarizing comprehensive information on matrine’s pharmacology, toxicity, and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Qihan Cai
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xinliang Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Siming Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Siming Wang,
| | - Zhiyu Ni
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Tumor Microecological Metabolism Regulation, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Siming Wang,
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khan A, Wang F, Shal B, Khan AU, Zahra SS, Haq IU, Khan S, Rengasamy KRR. Anti-neuropathic pain activity of Ajugarin-I via activation of Nrf2 signaling and inhibition of TRPV1/TRPM8 nociceptors in STZ-induced diabetic neuropathy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Shal B, Khan A, Ullah Khan A, Ullah R, Naveed M, Ali G, Ul Islam S, Ul Haq I, Mirza B, Khan S. Coagulansin-A improves spatial memory in 5xFAD Tg mice by targeting Nrf-2/NF-κB and Bcl-2 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108860. [PMID: 35598479 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the underlying molecular signaling of Coagulansin-A (Coag-A) as a therapeutic agent against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Preliminarily, it exhibited a neuroprotective effect against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HT-22 cells. The in vivo studies were performed by administering Coag-A (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to 5xFAD transgenic (Tg) mouse model. Coag-A (10 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the cognitive decline compared to Tg mice group in the shallow water maze (SWM) and Y-maze test paradigms. The anti-aggregation potential of Coag-A was determined by performing Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) analysis in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampal (HC) regions of mice brain. The FT-IR spectra demonstrated the inhibition of amyloid beta (Aβ) through a decrease in β-sheet aggregation, along with the inhibition of changes in the lipids, proteins, and phospholipids. The DSC analysis displayed a low-temperature exotherm associated with the reversible process of aggregation of soluble protein fractions prior to denaturation. Furthermore, Coag-A treatment displayed a regular density of granule cells in H&E stained sections, along with a reduced amyloid load and PAS-positive granules in all the regions of interest in mice brain. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR), western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effect of Coag-A by enhancing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf-2) and reducing nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Bax protein expression. In addition, Coag-A significantly increased the antioxidant enzymes and proteins level, along with a reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Faculty of Health Sciences, IQRA University, Islamabad Campus, (Chak Shahzad), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Salman Ul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Cecos University, Hayatabad, Peshawar 25,000, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Khan A, Zhang L, Li CH, Khan AU, Shal B, Khan A, Ahmad S, Din FU, Rehman ZU, Wang F, Khan S. Suppression of NF-κB signaling by ECN in an arthritic model of inflammation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:158. [PMID: 35698107 PMCID: PMC9195475 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03629-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 7β-(3-ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2-methylbutyryloxy)-3,14-dehydro-Z-notonipetranone (ECN), a sesquiterpenoid isolated from the Tussilago farfara Linneaus (Asteraceae), was evaluated against acute Carrageenan and chronic complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in mice. METHODS Acute and chronic arthritis were induced by administering Carrageenan and CFA to the intraplantar surface of the mouse paw. Edema, mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, and thermal hyperalgesia were assessed in the paw. Similarly, histological and immunohistological parameters were assessed following arthritis induced by CFA. Antioxidants, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress markers were also studied in all the treated groups. RESULTS The ECN treatment significantly attenuated edema in the paw and elevated the nocifensive threshold following induction of this inflammatory model. Furthermore, ECN treatment markedly improved the arthritis index and distress symptoms, while attenuating the CFA-induced edema in the paw. ECN treatment also improved the histological parameters in the paw tissue compared to the control. At the same time, there was a significant reduction in edema and erosion in the ECN-treated group, as measured by radiographic analysis. Using the Comet's assay, we showed that ECN treatment protected the DNA from chronic CFA-induced arthritis. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed a marked decrease in the expression level of p-JNK (phosphorylated C-Jun N-terminal kinase), NF-κB (Nuclear factor-kappa B), COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2), and TNF-α (Tumour necrosis factor-alpha) compared to the CFA-treated group. Biophysical analysis involving molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and binding free energies of ECN were performed to explore the underlying mechanism. CONCLUSION ECN exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity against Carrageenan and CFA-induced models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Hu Li
- Division of Radiation Physics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quad-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ur Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Pharmacological mechanism of xanthoangelol underlying Nrf-2/TRPV1 and anti-apoptotic pathway against scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:113073. [PMID: 35658216 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a well-known type of age-related dementia. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of xanthoangelol against memory deficit and neurodegeneration associated with AD. Preliminarily, xanthoangelol produced neuroprotective effect against H2O2-induced HT-22 cells. Furthermore, effect of xanthoangelol against scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice was determined by intraperitoneally (i.p.) administering xanthoangelol (1, 10 and 20 mg/kg), 30 min prior to induction. Mice were administered scopolamine at a concentration of 1 mg/kg; i.p. for the induction of amnesia associated with AD. Xanthoangelol dose dependently reduced the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease as observed by the results obtained from the behavioral analysis performed using Morris water maze and Y-maze test. The immunohistochemical analysis suggested that xanthoangelol significantly improved Keap-1/Nrf-2 signaling pathway. It greatly reduced the effects of oxidative stress and showed improvement in the anti-oxidant enzyme such as GSH, GST, SOD and catalase. Additionally, xanthoangelol decreased the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV-1), a nonselective cation channel, involved in synaptic plasticity and memory. It activated the anti-oxidants and attenuated the apoptotic (Bax/Bcl-2) pathway. Xanthoangelol also significantly attenuated the scopolamine-induced neuroinflammation by the inhibition of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. The histological analysis, showed a significant reduction in amyloid plaques by xanthoangelol. Therefore, the present study indicated that xanthoangelol has the ability to ameliorate the AD symptoms by attenuating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration induced by scopolamine.
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Bibi T, Khan A, Khan AU, Shal B, Ali H, Seo EK, Khan S. Magnolol prevented brain injury through the modulation of Nrf2-dependent oxidative stress and apoptosis in PLP-induced mouse model of multiple sclerosis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:717-733. [PMID: 35348816 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of magnolol in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS in female mice. Magnolol (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg) was administered once daily for 21 days after immunization of mice. Magnolol post-immunization treatment significantly reversed clinical scoring, EAE-associated pain parameters, and motor dysfunction in a dose-dependent manner. Magnolol treatment significantly inhibited oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) production, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity while enhancing the level of antioxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain and spinal cord. It reduced cytokine levels in the brain and spinal cord. It suppressed CD8+ T cells frequency in the spleen tissue. Magnolol remarkably reversed the EAE-associated histopathology of the brain and spinal cord tissue. Magnolol significantly intensifies the antioxidant defense system by enhancing the expression level of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) while decreasing the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cleaved-caspase-3 in the brain. Molecular docking results showed that magnolol possesses a better binding affinity for Nrf2, iNOS, and caspase-3 proteins. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that magnolol has significant neuroprotective properties in EAE via inhibition of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tehmina Bibi
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, IQRA University, Islamabad Campus, (Chak Shahzad), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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22
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Maffioli E, Angiulli E, Nonnis S, Grassi Scalvini F, Negri A, Tedeschi G, Arisi I, Frabetti F, D’Aniello S, Alleva E, Cioni C, Toni M. Brain Proteome and Behavioural Analysis in Wild Type, BDNF +/- and BDNF -/- Adult Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Exposed to Two Different Temperatures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105606. [PMID: 35628418 PMCID: PMC9146406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence suggests that environmental stress conditions can alter the expression of BDNF and that the expression of this neurotrophin influences behavioural responses in mammalian models. It has been recently demonstrated that exposure to 34 °C for 21 days alters the brain proteome and behaviour in zebrafish. The aim of this work was to investigate the role of BDNF in the nervous system of adult zebrafish under control and heat treatment conditions. For this purpose, zebrafish from three different genotypes (wild type, heterozygous BDNF+/- and knock out BDNF-/-) were kept for 21 days at 26 °C or 34 °C and then euthanized for brain molecular analyses or subjected to behavioural tests (Y-maze test, novel tank test, light and dark test, social preference test, mirror biting test) for assessing behavioural aspects such as boldness, anxiety, social preference, aggressive behaviour, interest for the novel environment and exploration. qRT-PCR analysis showed the reduction of gene expression of BDNF and its receptors after heat treatment in wild type zebrafish. Moreover, proteomic analysis and behavioural tests showed genotype- and temperature-dependent effects on brain proteome and behavioural responding. Overall, the absent expression of BDNF in KO alters (1) the brain proteome by reducing the expression of proteins involved in synapse functioning and neurotransmitter-mediated transduction; (2) the behaviour, which can be interpreted as bolder and less anxious and (3) the cellular and behavioural response to thermal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Maffioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.); (G.T.)
| | - Elisa Angiulli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.); (G.T.)
- CRC I-WE (Coordinating Research Centre: Innovation for Well-Being and Environment), University of Milan, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Grassi Scalvini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.); (G.T.)
| | - Armando Negri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.); (G.T.)
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (S.N.); (F.G.S.); (A.N.); (G.T.)
- CRC I-WE (Coordinating Research Centre: Innovation for Well-Being and Environment), University of Milan, 20134 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Arisi
- Bioinformatics Facility, European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Frabetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Salvatore D’Aniello
- Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Napoli, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Enrico Alleva
- Center for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carla Cioni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Mattia Toni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza University, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.A.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Ren H, Wang Y, Guo Y, Wang M, Ma X, Li W, Guo Y, Li Y. Matrine impedes colorectal cancer proliferation and migration by downregulating endoplasmic reticulum lipid raft associated protein 1 expression. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9780-9791. [PMID: 35412433 PMCID: PMC9161898 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2060777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrine exhibits anti-tumor effect on the proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by reducing the activity of the p38 signaling pathway. However, these studies were limited because the underlying mechanism by which matrine inhibited CRC progression remained unclear. In this study, we provided for the first time that endoplasmic reticulum lipid raft associated protein 1 (Erlin1) is a novel target of matrine. Erlin1 was significantly upregulated in tumors and its knockdown suppressed the proliferation and migration of CRC cells, while its overexpression promoted CRC cell growth and migration. Furthermore, Erlin1 overexpression promoted inhibited apoptosis. Importantly, matrine treatment could reverse the oncogenic function of Erlin1 on CRC cell proliferation and migration. When Erlin1 was knocked down, matrine exhibited a more obvious anti-tumor effect in CRC cells. Partly due to this, matrine functions as an important anti-tumor drug and the results discovered here may clarify the mechanisms of matrine application for CRC treatment. CRC patients with low expression of Erlin1 might be more suitable for the treatment of matrine. This study could promote the application of matrine to be a promising therapeutic strategy for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Ren
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mincong Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiulong Ma
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuyan Guo
- Department of Radiotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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24
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Chai Y, Cai Y, Fu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhu L, Miao M, Yan T. Salidroside Ameliorates Depression by Suppressing NLRP3-Mediated Pyroptosis via P2X7/NF-κB/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:812362. [PMID: 35496273 PMCID: PMC9039222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.812362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common and serious mental disorder. Data on its pathogenesis remain unclear and the options of drug treatments are limited. Here, we explored the role of pyroptosis, a novel pro-inflammatory programmed cell death process, in depression as well as the anti-depression effects and mechanisms of salidroside (Sal), a bioactive extract from Rhodiola rosea L. We established a corticosterone (CORT)-induced or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mice in vivo, and CORT, or nigericin (NLRP3 agonist)-induced PC12 cells in vitro. Our findings demonstrated that Sal profoundly mediated CORT or LPS-induced depressive behavior and improved synaptic plasticity by upregulating the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene. The data showed upregulation of proteins associated with NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, including NLRP3, cleaved Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and cleaved GSDMD. The molecular docking simulation predicted that Sal would interact with P2X7 of the P2X7/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. In addition, our findings showed that the NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis was regulated by P2X7/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Interestingly, Sal was shown to ameliorate depression via suppression of the P2X7/NF-κB/NLRP3 mediated pyroptosis, and rescued nigericin-induced pyroptosis in the PC12 cells. Besides, knock down of the NLRP3 gene by siRNA markedly increased the inhibitory effects of Sal on pyroptosis and proinflammatory responses. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that pyroptosis plays a crucial role in depression, and Sal ameliorates depression by suppressing the P2X7/NF-κB/NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. Thus, our study provides new insights into the potential treatment options for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Chai
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yawen Cai
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingdi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingpeng Zhu
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Lingpeng Zhu, ; Mingxing Miao, ; Tianhua Yan,
| | - Mingxing Miao
- Center of National Pharmaceutical Experimental Teaching Demonstration, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lingpeng Zhu, ; Mingxing Miao, ; Tianhua Yan,
| | - Tianhua Yan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutic University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Lingpeng Zhu, ; Mingxing Miao, ; Tianhua Yan,
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25
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Lin Y, He F, Wu L, Xu Y, Du Q. Matrine Exerts Pharmacological Effects Through Multiple Signaling Pathways: A Comprehensive Review. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:533-569. [PMID: 35256842 PMCID: PMC8898013 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s349678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As The main effective monomer of the traditional Chinese medicine Sophora flavescens Ait, matrine has a broad scope of pharmacological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-fibrotic, anti-viral, anti-arrhythmia, and improving immune function. These actions explain its therapeutic effects in various types of tumors, cardiopathy, encephalomyelitis, allergic asthma, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoporosis, and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Evidence has shown that the mechanism responsible for the pharmacological actions of matrine may be via the activation or inhibition of certain key molecules in several cellular signaling pathways including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR), transforming growth factor-β/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (TGF-β/Smad), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Wnt (wingless/ integration 1)/β-catenin, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathways. This review comprehensively summarizes recent studies on the pharmacological mechanisms of matrine to provide a theoretical basis for molecular targeted therapies and further development and utilization of matrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingda Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225012, People's Republic of China.,Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuming He
- Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225012, People's Republic of China.,Department of Central Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225012, People's Republic of China
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26
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Khan A, Khan A, Shal B, Aziz A, Ahmed MN, Khan S. N-(benzylidene)-2-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl)benzohydrazides (1-2) (NCHDH and NTHDH) attenuate DMBA-induced breast cancer via Nrf2/NF-κB/apoptosis signaling. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:879-897. [PMID: 35259284 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of the N-(benzylidene)-2-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl)benzohydrazides (1-2) (NCHDH and NTHDH) against breast cancer using in vitro and in vivo approaches. The NCHDH and NTHDH significantly inhibited the growth of the MCF-7 cells using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatment significantly inhibited the tumor size, tumor weight, and tumor volume, while it enhanced the survival and tumor free survival rate following 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer. The NCHDH and NTHDH markedly attenuated the oxidative stress markers and induced the antioxidant level. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed significant reduction in the inflammatory cytokines production compared with the DMBA control. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatment significantly improved the histological features using hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining, Masson's trichrome, PAS (periodic acid Schiff), and Toluidine blue staining compared with the DMBA-induced group. The NCHDH and NTHDH treatment improved the hematological and serological parameters following DMBA-induced breast tumor compared with DMBA-induced group. Furthermore, the NCHDH and NTHDH treatment significantly enhanced the antioxidants signaling proteins such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). The NCHDH and NTHDH enhanced the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) level, while it attenuated the NF-κB level. Similarly, the NCHDH and NTHDH showed marked increase in the apoptosis proteins such as Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and Bcl-2 Associated X-protein (Bax), while it inhibited the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression. In conclusion, the NCHDH and NTHDH significantly improved the DMBA-induced breast cancer via attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashrafullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, IQRA University, Islamabad Campus, (Chak Shahzad), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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27
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Amanat S, Shal B, Kyoung Seo E, Ali H, Khan S. Icariin attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis via down-regulation of NF-кB and up-regulation of Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling pathways in mice model. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 106:108604. [PMID: 35149295 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cystitis is a chronic bladder pain associated with frequency and nocturia. In the present study, Icariin a prenylated flavonoid extracted from Epimedium koreanum, was investigated against cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis pain in mice model. Preliminarily in an acute model, single dose of CYP (150 mg/kg; i.p) was administered followed by Icariin (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.). The visceral sensitivity and nociceptive behaviors were significantly ameliorated by pretreatment with Icariin (25, 50 mg/kg) that were assessed by spontaneous pain scoring, von Frey test and clinical scoring. Further, in chronic model Icariin (25 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered for 10 consecutive days prior to CYP (75 mg/kg; i.p) challenged every 3rd day for the duration of 10 days. Icariin not only had a protective effect on edema including bladder wet weight and hemorrhage but also had a potential to reduce vascular permeability, mast cells infiltration and tissue fibrosis. Evidently, Icariin prevented the neutrophilia/lymphopenia caused by CYP, and markedly improved the antioxidant enzymes level including superoxide dismutase, glutathione sulfo-transferase, catalase, glutathione level and reduced Malondialdehyde level, myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide, and also decreased the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in bladder. Icariin markedly enhanced the Nrf-2, heme oxygenase (HO-1) and IкB-α expression, while attenuated the expression level of Keap1, TLR-4, NF-кB, i-NOS, COX-2 and TRPV1 as compared to negative group. This research illustrated the anti-inflammatory properties of Icariin and effectively improved CYP-induced cystitis pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Amanat
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Faculty of Health Sciences, IQRA University, Islamabad Campus, (Chak Shahzad), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, South Korea
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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28
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Ullah H, Khan A, Bibi T, Ahmad S, Shehzad O, Ali H, Seo EK, Khan S. Comprehensive in vivo and in silico approaches to explore the hepatoprotective activity of poncirin against paracetamol toxicity. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:195-215. [PMID: 34994820 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02192-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, poncirin was evaluated against paracetamol-induced liver injury using in vivo and computational approaches. Paracetamol was administered intraperitoneally (i.p,) to establish liver injury in mice and, subsequently, to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of poncirin (administered intraperitoneally) on liver injury. The effect of poncirin was evaluated against the liver injury markers and inflammatory cytokines. Similarly, in the present study, the antioxidants and oxidative stress parameters were also assessed following paracetamol-induced liver injury. The histological studies following liver injury were also assessed using H and E staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Similarly, the computational approach was used to assess the pharmacokinetic parameters of poncirin and its interaction with various protein targets. Poncirin markedly improved the antioxidant enzymes while attenuated the oxidative stress markers and inflammatory cytokines. Poncirin also markedly improved hematological parameters. Furthermore, poncirin treatment significantly improved the histological parameters using H and E staining, Masson's trichrome, and PAS staining compared to the control. Poncirin treatment also improved the liver function tests and liver synthetic activity compared to paracetamol treated group. The immunohistochemistry analysis revealed significant decrease in the inflammatory signaling protein such as nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression level compared to the paracetamol treated group. Computational analysis (molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation) showed significant binding affinity of poncirin with the NF-κB, JNK, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α via multiple hydrophilic and hydrophobic binds. Similarly, the SwissADME software revealed that poncirin follows various drug-likeness rules and exhibited better pharmacokinetic parameters. Poncirin improved the sign and symptoms associated with liver injury using both in vivo and computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadayat Ullah
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ashrafullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Tehmina Bibi
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Omer Shehzad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, KPK, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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29
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Khan A, Shal B, Khan AU, Bibi T, Islam SU, Baig MW, Haq IU, Ali H, Ahmad S, Khan S. Withametelin, a novel phytosterol, alleviates neurological symptoms in EAE mouse model of multiple sclerosis via modulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Neurochem Int 2021; 151:105211. [PMID: 34688804 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that remains incurable. Withametelin (WMT), a phytosterol, showed diverse biological activities isolated from the leaves of Datura innoxa. In the present study, we used an in vitro model of HT22 and BV-2 cell lines and an in vivo murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), to explore the antioxidant and anti neuroinflammatory potential of WMT. The results showed that pretreatment with WMT markedly inhibited H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. Correspondingly, WMT post-immunization treatment significantly attenuated EAE-induced clinical score, weight loss, neuropathic pain behaviors, and motor dysfunction. It markedly lowers EAE-induced elevated circulating leucocytes, spinal deformity, and splenomegaly. It strikingly inhibited the Evans blue and FITC extravasation in the brain. It remarkably reversed the EAE-induced histopathological alteration of the brain, spinal cord, eye, and optic nerve. It significantly intensified the antioxidant defense mechanism by improving the expression level of nuclear factor-erythroid-related factor-2 (Nrf2), heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) but reducing the expression level of the Kelch-like-ECH-associated-protein-1 (keap-1), inducible-nitric-oxide-synthase (iNOS) in the CNS. Likewise, it markedly suppressed neuroinflammation by reducing the expression level of toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear-factor-kappa-B (NF-κB), activator-protein-1 (AP-1) but increased the expression level IkB-α in the CNS. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations and MMPBSA binding free energies were determined to validate the dynamic stability of complexes and shed light on the atomic level intermolecular interaction energies. Taken together, this study showed that WMT has significant neuroprotective potential in EAE via modulation of Nrf2 mediated-oxidative stress and NF-κB mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Tehmina Bibi
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Salman Ul Islam
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
| | - Muhammad Waleed Baig
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan.
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Shal B, Khan A, Khan AU, Ullah R, Ali G, Islam SU, Haq IU, Ali H, Seo EK, Khan S. Alleviation of Memory Deficit by Bergenin via the Regulation of Reelin and Nrf-2/NF-κB Pathway in Transgenic Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6603. [PMID: 34203049 PMCID: PMC8234641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to determine the neuroprotective effect of Bergenin against spatial memory deficit associated with neurodegeneration. Preliminarily, the protective effect of Bergenin was observed against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HT-22 and PC-12 cells. Further studies were performed in 5xFAD Tg mouse model by administering Bergenin (1, 30 and 60 mg/kg; orally), whereas Bergenin (60 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the memory deficit observed in the Y-maze and Morris water maze (MWM) test. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy displayed restoration of lipids, proteins and their derivatives compared to the 5xFAD Tg mice group. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) suggested an absence of amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation in Bergenin-treated mice. The immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis suggested the neuroprotective effect of Bergenin by increasing Reelin signaling (Reelin/Dab-1) and attenuated Aβ (1-42) aggregation in hippocampal regions of mouse brains. Furthermore, IHC and western blot results suggested antioxidant (Keap-1/Nrf-2/HO-1), anti-inflammatory (TLR-4/NF-kB) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2/Bax/Caspase-3) effect of Bergenin. Moreover, a decrease in Annexin V/PI-stained hippocampal cells suggested its effect against neurodegeneration. The histopathological changes were reversed significantly by Bergenin. In addition, a remarkable increase in antioxidant level with suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and nitric oxide production were observed in specific regions of the mouse brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.S.); (A.K.); (A.U.K.)
| | - Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.S.); (A.K.); (A.U.K.)
| | - Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.S.); (A.K.); (A.U.K.)
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (R.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Gowhar Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan; (R.U.); (G.A.)
| | - Salman Ul Islam
- School of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Ihsan ul Haq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (I.u.H.); (H.A.)
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (I.u.H.); (H.A.)
| | - Eun-Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (B.S.); (A.K.); (A.U.K.)
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Khan A, Shal B, Khan AU, Ullah R, Baig MW, ul Haq I, Seo EK, Khan S. Suppression of TRPV1/TRPM8/P2Y Nociceptors by Withametelin via Downregulating MAPK Signaling in Mouse Model of Vincristine-Induced Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116084. [PMID: 34199936 PMCID: PMC8200233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vincristine (VCR) is a widely used chemotherapy drug that induced peripheral painful neuropathy. Yet, it still lacks an ideal therapeutic strategy. The transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, purinergic receptor (P2Y), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Withametelin (WMT), a potential Phytosteroid isolated from datura innoxa, exhibits remarkable neuroprotective properties. The present investigation was designed to explore the effect of withametelin on VCR-induced neuropathic pain and its underlying molecular mechanism. Initially, the neuroprotective potential of WMT was confirmed against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced PC12 cells. To develop potential candidates for neuropathic pain treatment, a VCR-induced neuropathic pain model was established. Vincristine (75 μg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 10 consecutive days (day 1-10) for the induction of neuropathic pain. Gabapentin (GBP) (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and withametelin (0.1 and 1 mg/kg i.p.) treatments were given after the completion of VCR injection on the 11th day up to 21 days. The results revealed that WMT significantly reduced VCR-induced pain hypersensitivity, including mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, and thermal hyperalgesia. It reversed the VCR-induced histopathological changes in the brain, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve. It inhibited VCR-induced changes in the biochemical composition of the myelin sheath of the sciatic nerve. It markedly downregulated the expression levels of TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1); TRPM8 (Transient receptor potential melastatin 8); and P2Y nociceptors and MAPKs signaling, including ERK (Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), and p-38 in the spinal cord. It suppressed apoptosis by regulating Bax (Bcl2-associated X-protein), Bcl-2 (B-cell-lymphoma-2), and Caspase-3 expression. It considerably attenuated inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity. This study suggests that WMT treatment suppressed vincristine-induced neuropathic pain by targeting the TRPV1/TRPM8/P2Y nociceptors and MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.K.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (M.W.B.); (I.u.H.)
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.K.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (M.W.B.); (I.u.H.)
| | - Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.K.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (M.W.B.); (I.u.H.)
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Waleed Baig
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.K.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (M.W.B.); (I.u.H.)
| | - Ihsan ul Haq
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.K.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (M.W.B.); (I.u.H.)
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.K.S.); (S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-3277-3047 (E.K.S.); +92-51-9064-4056 (S.K.)
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.K.); (B.S.); (A.U.K.); (M.W.B.); (I.u.H.)
- Correspondence: (E.K.S.); (S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-3277-3047 (E.K.S.); +92-51-9064-4056 (S.K.)
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Li X, Tang Z, Wen L, Jiang C, Feng Q. Matrine: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, clinical application and preparation researches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113682. [PMID: 33307055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE "Dogel ebs" was known as Sophora flavescens Ait., which has been widely utilized in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese Mongolian herbal medicine for thousands of years. Shen Nong's Materia Medica (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing in Chinese pinyin) recorded that it is bitter in taste and cold in nature with the effect of clearing heat and eliminating dampness, insecticide, diuresis. Due to its extensive application in the fields of ethnopharmacological utilization, the pharmaceutical researches of Sophora flavescens Ait.s keeps deepening. Modern pharmacological studies have exhibited that matrine, which is rich in this traditional herbal medicine, mediates its main biological properties. AIMS OF THE REVIEW This review aimed at summarizing the latest and comprehensive information of matrine on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, clinical application and preparation researches to explore the therapeutic potential of this natural ingredient. In addition, outlooks and perspective for possible future researches that related are also discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Related information concerning matrine was gathered from the internet database of Google scholar, Pubmed, ResearchGate, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library with the keywords including "matrine", "pharmacology", "toxicology" and "pharmacokinetics", "clinical application", etc. RESULTS: Based on literatures, matrine has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, detoxification and so on. Nevertheless, there are still some doubts about it due to the toxicity and questionable bioavailability that does exist. CONCLUSIONS Future researches directions probably include elucidate the mechanism of its toxicity and accurately tracing the in vivo behavior of its drug delivery system. Without doubt, integration of toxicity and efficiency and structure modification based on it are also pivotal methods to enhance pharmacological activity and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ziwei Tang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Beibei Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Chongqing, 400700, China
| | - Li Wen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cen Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Quansheng Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Zheng M, Li K, Chen T, Liu S, He L. Geniposide protects depression through BTK/JAK2/STAT1 signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive mice. Brain Res Bull 2021; 170:65-73. [PMID: 33561536 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antidepressant mechanism of GEN (geniposide) on depression mice induced by LPS. The mice were intragastrically treated with GEN (10 mg/kg/d or 40 mg/kg/d) or ibrutinib for continuous 7 days prior to LPS injection. The anxiety- and depression-like behaviors of mice were assessed via behavioral tests (sucrose preference test (SPT), tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST), and open-field test (OFT)). Microglial BV2 cells were treated with GEN or/and ibrutinib and stimulated with LPS. The productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in hippocampus, serum, and supernatant were detected by ELISA. The correlative proteins BTK, p-BTK, JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT1, p-STAT1, BDNF, TrkB, and p-TrkB were assessed through western blot. As a result, GEN ameliorated the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors of mice in behavioral tests. GEN treatment also regulated microglia polarization towards anti-inflammatory phenotype M2 and inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. In addition, with the application of ibrutinib, the selective inhibitor of BTK, it was proclaimed that the administration of GEN restrained the activation of JAK2/STAT1 pathway via attenuating the hyperphosphorylation of BTK both in mice and BV2 cells. Furthermore, it was also found that GEN activated BDNF/TrkB neuroprotective signaling pathway through the reduction of BTK phosphorylation. From the overall results, we suggested that GEN exerted a beneficial effect on LPS-induced depression in mice possibly through the modulation of BTK/JAK2/STAT1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, 639, Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Liu Y, Liu L, Zhang J. Protective role of matrine in sepsis-associated cardiac dysfunction through regulating the lncRNA PTENP1/miR-106b-5p axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 134:111112. [PMID: 33341669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrine has attractive cardioprotective effects in some diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of matrine against cardiac dysfunction induced by sepsis in vivo and in vitro, and further explore the related mechanisms. METHODS Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used to induce a sepsis mice model, and H9C2 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used as a cardiac myoblast injury model. The evaluation of cardiac function of mice was performed by measuring cardiac function biomarker levels and hemodynamic indicators. An ELISA method was used to examine inflammatory cytokine levels. H9C2 cell viability was measured using MTT assay. The expression of non-coding RNAs that might be involved in matrine function was analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS Matrine could significantly improve the cardiac function and attenuate the inflammatory response of the mice model, and could increase H9C2 viability and inhibit inflammation in the cell model. By matrine administration, the expression of PTENP1 was downregulated, but miR-106b-5p expression was upregulated both in vivo and in vitro. The cardioprotective effects of matrine in mice and cell models could be reversed by the overexpression of PTENP1 or the knockdown of miR-106b-5p, and the overexpression of miR-106b-5p could significantly abolish the effects of PTENP1 on cardiac function and inflammation. CONCLUSION All the data revealed that matrine can alleviate sepsis-related cardiac dysfunction by enhancing cardiac myoblast viability and attenuating inflammatory responses through the PTENP1/miR-106b-5p axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Liu
- Central Supply Room, Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261011, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261011, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, 261011, China.
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Khan A, Khan A, Khalid S, Shal B, Kang E, Lee H, Laumet G, Seo EK, Khan S. 7β-(3-Ethyl- cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2-methylbutyryloxy)-3,14-dehydro- Z Notonipetranone Attenuates Neuropathic Pain by Suppressing Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory and Pro-Apoptotic Protein Expressions. Molecules 2021; 26:E181. [PMID: 33401491 PMCID: PMC7795484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
7β-(3-Ethyl-cis-crotonoyloxy)-1α-(2-methylbutyryloxy)-3,14-dehydro-Z-notonipetranone (ECN), a sesquiterpenoid obtained from a natural source has proved to be effective in minimizing various side effects associated with opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The current study focused on investigating the effects of ECN on neuropathic pain induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) by mainly focusing on oxidative stress, inflammatory and apoptotic proteins expression in mice. ECN (1 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.), was administered once daily for 11 days, starting from the third day after surgery. ECN post-treatment was found to reduce hyperalgesia and allodynia in a dose-dependent manner. ECN remarkably reversed the histopathological abnormalities associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Furthermore, ECN prevented the suppression of antioxidants (glutathione, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), hemeoxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase) by PSNL. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrotic factor-alpha, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 6, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase) expression was reduced by ECN administration. Treatment with ECN was successful in reducing the caspase-3 level consistent with the observed modulation of pro-apoptotic proteins. Additionally, ECN showed a protective effect on the lipid content of myelin sheath as evident from FTIR spectroscopy which showed the shift of lipid component bands to higher values. Thus, the anti-neuropathic potential of ECN might be due to the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators and pro-apoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.K.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (B.S.)
| | - Adnan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.K.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (B.S.)
| | - Sidra Khalid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.K.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (B.S.)
| | - Bushra Shal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.K.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (B.S.)
| | - Eunwoo Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (E.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Hwaryeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (E.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Geoffroy Laumet
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Eun Kyoung Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (E.K.); (H.L.)
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (A.K.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (B.S.)
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You L, Yang C, Du Y, Wang W, Sun M, Liu J, Ma B, Pang L, Zeng Y, Zhang Z, Dong X, Yin X, Ni J. A Systematic Review of the Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics of Matrine. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:01067. [PMID: 33041782 PMCID: PMC7526649 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrine (MT) is a naturally occurring alkaloid and an bioactive component of Chinese herbs, such as Sophora flavescens and Radix Sophorae tonkinensis. Emerging evidence suggests that MT possesses anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-fibrotic, anti-allergic, antinociceptive, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties. These pharmacological properties form the foundation for its application in the treatment of various diseases, such as multiple types of cancers, hepatitis, skin diseases, allergic asthma, diabetic cardiomyopathy, pain, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. However, an increasing number of published studies indicate that MT has serious adverse effects, the most obvious being liver toxicity and neurotoxicity, which are major factors limiting its clinical use. Pharmacokinetic studies have shown that MT has low oral bioavailability and short half-life in vivo. This review summarizes the latest advances in research on the pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of MT, with a focus on its biological properties and mechanism of action. The review provides insight into the future of research on traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longtai You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjing Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyi Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Baorui Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linnuo Pang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ni
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Khan AU, Muhammad Khan A, Khan A, Shal B, Aziz A, Ahmed MN, Khan S. The newly synthesized compounds (NCHDH and NTHDH) attenuates LPS-induced septicemia and multi-organ failure via Nrf2/HO1 and HSP/TRVP1 signaling in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 329:109220. [PMID: 32763245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The sepsis is considered as serious clinic-pathological condition related with high rate of morbidity and mortality in critical care settings. In the proposed study, the hydrazides derivatives N-(benzylidene)-2-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl)benzohydrazides (1-2) (NCHDH and NTHDH) were investigated against the LPS-induced sepsis in rodents. The NCHDH and NTHDH markedly improved the physiological sign and symptoms associated with the sepsis such as mortality, temperature, and clinical scoring compared to negative control group, which received only LPS (i.p.). The NCHDH and NTHDH also inhibited the production of the NO and MPO compared to the negative control. Furthermore, the treatment control improved the histological changes markedly of all the vital organs. Additionally, the Masson's trichrome and PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff) staining also showed improvement in the NCHDH and NTHDH treated group in contrast to LPS-induced group. The antioxidants were enhanced by the intervention of the NCHDH and NTHDH and the level of the MDA and POD were attenuated marginally compared to the LPS-induced group. The hematology study showed marked improvement and the reversal of the LPS-induced changes in blood composition compared to the negative control. The synthetic function of the liver and kidney were preserved in the NCHDH and NTHDH treated group compared to the LPS-induced group. The NCHDH and NTHDH markedly enhanced the Nrf2, HO-1 (Heme oxygenase-1), while attenuated the Keap1 and TRPV1 expression level as compared to LPS treated group. Furthermore, the NCHDH and NTHDH treatment showed marked increased in the mRNA expression level of the HSP70/90 proteins compared to the negative control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amir Muhammad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shal
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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