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Britton MK, DeFelice J, Porges EC, Cohen R, Li Y, Wang Y, Ibañez GE, Somboonwit C, Cook RL. Association between cannabis use disorder and greater apathy in adults with HIV. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 261:111354. [PMID: 38870567 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apathy is prevalent among people with HIV (PWH) and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Cannabis use and Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) are also disproportionately prevalent among PWH. CUD and younger onset of cannabis use may be linked to apathy in the general population; however, patterns of use most strongly associated with apathy have not been firmly established, and it is unclear whether cannabis use is linked to apathy in PWH. METHODS We examined associations in 311 adult PWH between Apathy Evaluation Scale-Self (AES-S) scores and CUD history (current/past/no CUD/no cannabis use) and between AES-S scores and age of CUD onset (adolescent-onset/adult-onset). We also examined robustness of associations to adjustment for depressive symptoms (which may overlap with apathy symptoms) and alcohol use. RESULTS Current CUD was associated with greater AES-S scores relative to cannabis users with no CUD history (β = 2.13, 95 % CI = 0.37-3.90, p = 0.018). Adolescent-onset CUD was not associated with greater apathy relative to adult-onset CUD (β = 0.56, 95 % CI = -2.57 - 3.68, p = 0.7). Associations became nonsignificant after adjustment for depressive symptoms, but not after adjustment for alcohol use. Alcohol use was correlated with apathy (r = 0.19, 95 % CI: 0.076-0.29, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cannabis Use Disorder and at-risk alcohol use are associated with apathy among PWH; this finding highlights the need for substance use disorder prevention and treatment among PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark K Britton
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32603, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32603, United States.
| | - Jason DeFelice
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32603, United States
| | - Eric C Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32603, United States
| | - Ronald Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, 1249 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32603, United States
| | - Yancheng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32603, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32603, United States
| | - Gladys E Ibañez
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, United States
| | - Charurut Somboonwit
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, 13330 USF Laurel Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Robert L Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32603, United States
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Lees R, Lawn W, Petrilli K, Brown A, Trinci K, Borissova A, Ofori S, Mokrysz C, Curran HV, Hines LA, Freeman TP. Persistent increased severity of cannabis use disorder symptoms in adolescents compared to adults: a one-year longitudinal study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01806-y. [PMID: 38709252 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is a developmental period characterised by increased vulnerability to cannabis use disorder (CUD). However, previous investigations of this vulnerability have relied on cross-sectional comparisons and lack a detailed assessment of cannabis quantity, a potentially important confounding factor. Here, we aimed to investigate the one-year course of CUD in adolescents compared to adults who currently use cannabis, adjusting for a comprehensive measure of cannabis quantity. Data are from a one-year observational longitudinal study (CannTeen) of adolescents and adults who currently used cannabis regularly with five waves of assessment at 3-monthly intervals, based in London, UK. Participants were n = 70 adults (26-29, 45.7% female), who did not regularly use cannabis when they were under age 18, and n = 76 adolescents (16-17, 50.0% female). The exposure was adolescent (compared to adult) frequent cannabis use. The primary outcome was CUD symptoms measured using the cannabis use disorder identification test revised (CUDIT-R) at five time points. Models were adjusted for cannabis quantity using mean weekly standard THC units (one unit = 5 mg THC). Other covariates included gender, and whether each session occurred before or during the COVID-19 pandemic. In models adjusted for pre-registered covariates, adolescents scored 3.7 points higher on the CUDIT-R compared to the adult group across the 5 assessment waves (3.66 95% CIs 1.99, 5.34). There was also evidence of a linear reduction in symptoms over time in both groups (-0.47, 95%CIs -0.67, -0.27). Adolescents had persistently increased CUD symptoms compared to adults across the 12-month period. This association was robust after adjusting for the quantity of cannabis consumed and other covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Lees
- Addiction and Mental Health Group, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
| | - Will Lawn
- Department of Psychology, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Kat Petrilli
- Addiction and Mental Health Group, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Amelia Brown
- Addiction and Mental Health Group, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Katie Trinci
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, UCL, London, UK
| | - Anya Borissova
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, UCL, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Shelan Ofori
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, UCL, London, UK
| | | | | | - Lindsey A Hines
- Addiction and Mental Health Group, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Tom P Freeman
- Addiction and Mental Health Group, Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Fortier A, Zouaoui I, Dumais A, Potvin S. Effects of Recreational Cannabis Legalization on Mental Health: Scoping Review. Psychiatr Serv 2024:appips20230434. [PMID: 38650490 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.20230434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recreational cannabis legalization (RCL) is expanding rapidly. RCL's effects on mental health issues are of particular concern because cannabis use is more frequent among people receiving psychiatric care and is associated with several psychiatric disorders. The authors conducted a scoping review to examine the evidence and discern gaps in the literature concerning the effects of RCL on mental health and to assess the factors responsible for an observed heterogeneity in research results. METHODS This scoping literature review followed PRISMA guidelines. Five databases-MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, APA PsycInfo, and Web of Science-were searched for English- or French-language reports published between January 1, 2012, and April 30, 2023. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies from the United States and Canada were found. The studies were classified by category of the study's data (patients receiving psychiatric care [k=1], death records [k=4], emergency department or hospital records [k=10], and the general population [k=13]) and by the diagnosis (schizophrenia or psychoses, mood disorders, anxiety disorders and symptoms, suicide or suicidal ideation, or other mental health issues) examined. The review findings revealed a paucity of research and indicated mixed and largely inconclusive results of the studies examined. Research gaps were found in the examination of potential changes in cannabis use patterns among people receiving psychiatric care and in the availability of longitudinal studies. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians, researchers, and policy makers need to collaborate to address the research gaps and to develop evidence-based policies that reflect a thorough understanding of the effects associated with RCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Fortier
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, and Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal
| | - Inès Zouaoui
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, and Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, and Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, and Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal
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Isensee B, Neumann C, Goecke M, Hanewinkel R. [Effectiveness of a cannabis prevention program in school: results of a randomized prospective study]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2024; 67:446-455. [PMID: 38172374 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current debate about legalized access to cannabis for adults in Germany, there is widespread agreement about the need for increased prevention among children and young people. The aim of this work is to examine the effectiveness of a school-based cannabis prevention program on knowledge, attitudes, and behavior. METHOD Cluster-randomized waiting list control group study with two study arms: "participation in the 'Der grüne Koffer' prevention program", a collection of methods for cannabis prevention, vs. "no participation" and two measurement time points before and four months after the intervention in four German states. RESULTS The mean age of the sample of 3976 adolescents from 280 school classes in grades 8 and 9 was 14.02 years (standard deviation = 0.89). The sex ratio was balanced (49.5% female). Cannabis-related knowledge increased significantly more in the intervention group compared to the control group from the first to the second measurement time point (adjusted beta = 0.25 [95% confidence interval: 0.14-0.37]). Attitudes toward cannabis use did not change significantly in either group. In the 8th grades of the intervention group, significantly fewer adolescents (2.9%) started experimenting with cannabis use for the first time during the observation period than in the control group (5.3%), whereas no group difference was detectable in the 9th grades (interaction grade level x group: odds ratio = 2.17 [1.13-4.15], p = 0.019). DISCUSSION The evidence of an effect of participation in the "Der grüne Koffer" prevention program on knowledge and first-time use of cannabis in the 8th grade can be considered promising against the background of previous national and international studies, which could not provide evidence of effects of school-based cannabis prevention in middle and late adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Isensee
- Institut für Therapie- und Gesundheitsforschung, IFT-Nord gGmbH, Kiel, Deutschland.
| | - Clemens Neumann
- Institut für Therapie- und Gesundheitsforschung, IFT-Nord gGmbH, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Michaela Goecke
- Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA), Köln, Deutschland
| | - Reiner Hanewinkel
- Institut für Therapie- und Gesundheitsforschung, IFT-Nord gGmbH, Kiel, Deutschland
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Hanewinkel R, Hansen J. [Cannabis use in teenage years: Results of the prevention radar from 2016 to 2023]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2024. [PMID: 38387481 DOI: 10.1055/a-2256-5062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungTrends des Cannabiskonsums in der Adoleszenz sollen von 2016 bis 2023 abgebildet
werden. Basierend auf sieben Wellen des Präventionsradars, einer schulbasierten
epidemiologischen Studie in der Sekundarstufe I, wurden die Lebenszeit- und
Monatsprävalenzen des Cannabiskonsums von 12-bis 17-Jährigen für den Zeitraum
von 2016 bis 2023 ermittelt. Der Auswertung lagen 54.242 Fragebögen mit Angaben
zum Konsum von Cannabis zugrunde. Das Geschlechterverhältnis war ausgeglichen
(50% weiblich). Das durchschnittliche Alter betrug 13,9 Jahre (SD=1,3). Von 2016
bis zum Ausbruch der COVID-19-Pandemie stieg die Lebenszeitprävalenz des
Cannabiskonsums statistisch bedeutsam an, im ersten Jahr der Pandemie sank sie
signifikant. Post-pandemisch hatten 12,3% (95 % KI: 11,6-13,1) der
Heranwachsenden mindestens einmal in ihrem Leben Cannabis konsumiert. Dieser
Wert liegt auf dem Niveau von 2016. Die Monatsprävalenz des Cannabiskonsums lag
2022/2023 bei 3,8% (95% KI: 3,4-4,3). Sowohl die Lebenszeit- als auch die
Monatsprävalenz des Cannabiskonsums von Jungen liegen signifikant über den
Werten der Mädchen. Angesichts der bekannten Risiken, die mit dem Cannabiskonsum
im Jugendalter einhergehen können, ist es besorgniserregend, dass 2022/2023 etwa
jeder achte Jugendliche bereits mit Cannabis experimentiert hatte. Konsequente
verhältnis- und verhaltenspräventive Maßnahmen sind erforderlich, um den
Cannabiskonsums im Teenageralter einzudämmen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Hansen
- Institut für Therapie- und Gesundheitsforschung, Kiel, Deutschland
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Bidwell LC, Martin-Willett R, Skrzynski C, Lisano J, Ortiz Torres M, Giordano G, Hutchison KE, Bryan AD. Acute and Extended Anxiolytic Effects of Cannabidiol in Cannabis Flower: A Quasi-Experimental ad libitum Use Study. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024. [PMID: 38252547 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) have varying pharmacological actions with differential effects on acute and extended affective states, incuding anxiety. We aimed to study these effects on anxiety in legal market forms of cannabis. Method: This study makes use of a nonequivalent control group quasiexperimental design. Forty-two participants with anxiety symptions who were not using cannabis were compared to 258 participants with anxiety symptoms who used cannabis flower (∼3-4 times per week). Participants who used cannabis were randomly assigned to one of three legal market cannabis conditions; THC-dominant (24% THC, <1% CBD), THC+CBD (12% THC, 12% CBD), or CBD-dominant (<1% THC, 24% CBD). Changes in anxiety symptoms over 4-weeks were measured by the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scale and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS). Acute changes in subjective mood immediately after cannabis use were measured by the Profile of Mood States (POMS) Elation, Tension, and Paranoia subscales and the Addiction Research Center Inventory intoxication scale. Results: While all participants reported anxiety reductions over the 4-week study on the PGIC (F=30.65, p<0.001) and DASS anxiety measures (F=115.88, p<0.001), ad libitum CBD-dominant cannabis use was associated with lower scores on the DASS anxiety subscale compared to THC-dominant use when accounting for frequency of use (difference=-1.03, SE=0.45, p=0.02). Similarly, acute CBD-dominant cannabis use was associated with lower scores on the POMS tension and paranoia subscales (POMS tension: CBD-dominant vs. THC-dominant: difference=-0.41 SE=0.1, p<0.001; CBD-dominant vs. THC+CBD: difference=-0.28, SE=0.07, p=0.04; POMS paranoia: CBD-dominant vs. THC-dominant: difference=-0.49, SE=0.1, p<0.001; CBD-dominant vs. THC+CBD: difference=-0.33, SE=0.09, p=0.01). Participants in all cannabis conditions experienced acute changes in positive mood and subjective drug effects. Conclusions: This study provides novel information on the impacts of legal market cannabis with varying ratios of THC to CBD in indviduals with anxiety symptoms. Findings suggest that THC did not increase anxiety and that CBD-dominant forms of cannabis were associated with acute tension reduction that may translate to longer-term reductions in anxiety symptoms. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03491384.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cinnamon Bidwell
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Renée Martin-Willett
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Carillon Skrzynski
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jonathon Lisano
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Marco Ortiz Torres
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregory Giordano
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kent E Hutchison
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Angela D Bryan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Johnstad PG. Unhealthy behaviors associated with mental health disorders: a systematic comparative review of diet quality, sedentary behavior, and cannabis and tobacco use. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1268339. [PMID: 38249418 PMCID: PMC10797041 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1268339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background There are well-established literatures documenting the associations between mental disorders and unhealthy behaviors such as poor diet quality, sedentary behavior, and cannabis and tobacco use. Few studies have attempted to understand the respective findings in light of each other, however. Objective The purpose of this review was to assemble comparable data for each behavior-disorder association and assess the associations in terms of their overall strength. The review aimed to include a representative, but not exhaustive, range of studies that would allow for explorative comparisons. Methods Eligible studies were identified via Pubmed searches and citation searching, restricted to publications no older than 2015 written in English. To obtain comparable data, only studies that reported findings as odds ratios were included, and risk of bias related to study samples, behavioral measurement disparities, and control variables was assessed via sensitivity analyses. Findings for each disorder were compared on the basis of different measures of central tendency. Results From 3,682 records, 294 studies were included. The review found evidence of associations between each of the four unhealthy behaviors and psychosis, depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), while personality disorder was only investigated in relation to cannabis and tobacco use. In overall comparison, the associations were generally of similar strength, and only the association between cannabis use and personality disorder was exceptional in terms of being significantly stronger than its counterparts across disorders and across behaviors. Analyses of bias risk identified some influence from behavioral measurement disparities and lack of adequate statistical control, but findings were generally robust across a range of sensitivity analyses. Conclusion This explorative and comparative review found that poor diet quality, sedentary behavior, and cannabis and tobacco use are about equally strongly associated with a range of different mental disorders. Given the general nature of these associations, we should probably understand them to reflect a general and shared etiology. However, the findings in this review should be regarded as tentative until confirmed by more comprehensive investigations.
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8
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Tubbs JD, Sham PC. Preliminary Evidence for Genetic Nurture in Depression and Neuroticism Through Polygenic Scores. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:832-841. [PMID: 37285136 PMCID: PMC10248817 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Importance Modeling genetic nurture (ie, the effects of parental genotypes through influences on the environment experienced by their children) is essential to accurately disentangle genetic and environmental influences on phenotypic variance. However, these influences are often ignored in both epidemiologic and genetic studies of depression. Objective To estimate the association of genetic nurture with depression and neuroticism. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study jointly modeled parental and offspring polygenic scores (PGSs) across 9 traits to test for the association of genetic nurture with lifetime broad depression and neuroticism using data from nuclear families in the UK Biobank, with data collected between 2006 and 2019. A broad depression phenotype was measured in 38 702 offspring from 20 905 independent nuclear families, with most of these participants also reporting neuroticism scores. Parental genotypes were imputed from sibships or parent-offspring duos and used to calculate parental PGSs. Data were analyzed between March 2021 and January 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Estimates of genetic nurture and direct genetic regression coefficients on broad depression and neuroticism. Results This study of 38 702 offspring with data on broad depression (mean [SD] age, 55.5 [8.2] years at study entry; 58% female) found limited preliminary evidence for a statistically significant association of genetic nurture with lifetime depression and neuroticism in adults. The estimated regression coefficient of the parental depression PGS on offspring neuroticism (β = 0.04, SE = 0.02, P = 6.63 × 10-3) was estimated to be approximately two-thirds (66%) that of the offspring's depression PGS (β = 0.06, SE = 0.01, P = 6.13 × 10-11). Evidence for an association between parental cannabis use disorder PGS and offspring depression was also found (β = 0.08, SE = 0.03, P = .02), which was estimated to be 2 times greater than the association between the offspring's cannabis use disorder PGS and their own depression status (β = 0.04, SE = 0.02, P = .07). Conclusions and Relevance The results of this cross-sectional study highlight the potential for genetic nurture to bias results from epidemiologic and genetic studies on depression or neuroticism and, with further replication and larger samples, identify potential avenues for future prevention and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. Tubbs
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Pak C. Sham
- Department of Psychiatry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Centre for PanorOmic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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9
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Weidberg S, González-Roz A, Castaño Y, Secades-Villa R. Emotion dysregulation in relation to cannabis use and mental health among young adults. Addict Behav 2023; 144:107757. [PMID: 37224581 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotion dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic variable that accounts for the onset and maintenance of mental health disorders. The interplay between ED, cannabis use and mental health has not been appraised in the young adult population and whether there are sex-dependent effects has yet to be examined. This study looked at whether ED mediates the association between past-month cannabis use and mental health, while considering sex as a moderator. METHODS 2,762 (64.2% women) undergraduate Spanish students completed an online battery. Among others, they fulfilled the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-28). A two-way ANOVA assessed the effects of sex and past-month cannabis use on participants' DASS-21 scores. A set of moderated mediations tested whether the indirect effect of past-month cannabis use on DASS-21 through DERS differed by sex. RESULTS Past-month cannabis female users showed higher levels of depression, anxiety and stress (M = 51.10, SD = 26.72) than did men [(M = 33.76, SD = 20.31); F(1, 2758) = 5.119, p =.024, η2p =.002]. In female young adults only, the effect of past-month cannabis use on mental health was mediated by ED (total score), non-acceptance of emotional responses, lack of emotional control, difficulties in engaging in goal-directed behavior, and lack of emotional clarity (all p's < 0.005) CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate the importance of considering ED in assessment and intervention practices. Interventions targeting ED may be particularly effective for female young adult cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Weidberg
- Department of Psychology. Addictive Behaviors Research Group (GCA), University of Oviedo. Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alba González-Roz
- Department of Psychology. Addictive Behaviors Research Group (GCA), University of Oviedo. Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Yasmina Castaño
- Department of Psychology. University of the Balearic Islands. Ctra. Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - Roberto Secades-Villa
- Department of Psychology. Addictive Behaviors Research Group (GCA), University of Oviedo. Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003, Oviedo, Spain
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Huang P, Zhang PF, Li Q. Causal relationship between cannabis use and cancer: a genetically informed perspective. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04807-x. [PMID: 37099198 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cannabis use is increasing legally worldwide, while its impact on cancer risk is unclear. This study was performed to investigate the relationship between cannabis use and the risk of several types of cancer. METHODS We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to explore the causality of cannabis use on 9 site-specific types of cancer including breast cancer, cervical cancer, melanoma, colorectal cancer, laryngeal cancer, oral cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, and glioma. Genome-wide significant genetic instruments (P < 5E-06) for cannabis use were extracted from a large-scale genome-wide association meta-analysis of European ancestry, whereas cancer genetic instruments were extracted from the UK Biobank (UKB) cohort and GliomaScan consortium in the OpenGWAS database. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was considered the main method for MR analysis, and sensitivity analyses including MR-Egger, weighted median, MR pleiotropy residual sum, and outlier test (MR-PRESSO) were conducted to evaluate the robustness of the results. RESULTS Cannabis use was a significant promoting factor for cervical cancer (OR = 1.001265, 95% CI 1.000375-1.002155, P = 0.0053). And we also detected suggestive evidence of the causality of cannabis use on laryngeal cancer (OR = 1.000350, 95% CI 1.000027-1.000672, P = 0.0336) and breast cancer (OR = 1.003741, 95% CI 1.000052-1.007442, P = 0.0467). No evidence of a causal association of cannabis use with other site-specific types of cancer was detected. Additionally, no pleiotropy or heterogeneity was found in the sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION This study indicates a causative association of cannabis use on cervical cancer, while cannabis use may increase the odds of breast cancer and laryngeal cancer, which require further evaluation in large-scale population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Fei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Kuhathasan N, Ballester PL, Minuzzi L, MacKillop J, Frey BN. Predictors of perceived symptom change with acute cannabis use for mental health conditions in a naturalistic sample: A machine learning approach. Compr Psychiatry 2023; 122:152377. [PMID: 36787672 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2023.152377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite limited clinical evidence of its efficacy, cannabis use has been commonly reported for the management of various mental health concerns in naturalistic field studies. The aim of the current study was to use machine learning methods to investigate predictors of perceived symptom change across various mental health symptoms with acute cannabis use in a large naturalistic sample. METHODS Data from 68,819 unique observations of cannabis use from 1307 individuals using cannabis to manage mental health symptoms were analyzed. Data were extracted from Strainprint®, a mobile app that allows users to monitor their cannabis use for therapeutic purposes. Machine learning models were employed to predict self-perceived symptom change after cannabis use, and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) value plots were used to assess feature importance of individual predictors in the model. Interaction effects of symptom severity pre-scores of anxiety, depression, insomnia, and gender were also examined. RESULTS The factors that were most strongly associated with perceived symptom change following acute cannabis use were pre-symptom severity, age, gender, and the ratio of CBD to THC. Further examination on the impact of baseline severity for the most commonly reported symptoms revealed distinct responses, with cannabis being reported to more likely benefit individuals with lower pre-symptom severity for depression, and higher pre-symptom severity for insomnia. Responses to cannabis use also differed between genders. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study highlight the importance of several factors in predicting perceived symptom change with acute cannabis use for mental health symptom management. Mental health profiles and baseline symptom severity may play a large role in perceived responses to cannabis. Distinct response patterns were also noted across commonly reported mental health symptoms, emphasizing the need for placebo-controlled cannabis trials for specific user profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirushi Kuhathasan
- Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Pedro L Ballester
- Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Luciano Minuzzi
- Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada; Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Benicio N Frey
- Mood Disorders Program and Women's Health Concerns Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada.
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12
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Belete H, Mekonen T, Espinosa DC, Ambaw F, Connor J, Chan G, Hides L, Hall W, Leung J. Cannabis use in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2023. [PMID: 36807954 DOI: 10.1111/add.16170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The most available data on the prevalence of cannabis use come from population surveys conducted in high-income countries in North America, Oceania and Europe. Less is known about the prevalence of cannabis use in Africa. This systematic review aimed to summarize general population-level cannabis use in sub-Saharan Africa since 2010. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and AJOL databases in addition to Global Health Data Exchange and grey literature without language restriction. Search terms related to 'substance', 'Substance-Related Disorders' and 'Prevalence' and 'Africa South of the Sahara' were used. Studies that reported cannabis use in the general population were selected, while studies from clinical populations and high-risk groups were excluded. Prevalence data on cannabis use in the general population of adolescents (10-17 years) and adults (≥ 18 years) in sub-Saharan Africa were extracted. RESULTS The study included 53 studies for the quantitative meta-analysis and included 13 239 participants. Among adolescents, the life-time, 12-month and 6-month prevalence of cannabis use were 7.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.4-10.9%], 5.2% (95% CI = 1.7-10.3%) and 4.5% (95% CI = 3.3-5.8%), respectively. The corresponding life-time, 12-month and 6-month prevalence of cannabis use among adults were 12.6% (95% CI = 6.1-21.2%), 2.2% (95% CI = 1.7-2.7%, with data only available from Tanzania and Uganda) and 4.7% (95% CI = 3.3-6.4%), respectively. The male-to-female life-time cannabis use relative risk was 1.90 (95% CI = 1.25-2.98) among adolescents and 1.67 (CI = 0.63-4.39) among adults. CONCLUSIONS Life-time cannabis use prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa appears to be approximately 12% for adults and just under 8% for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habte Belete
- Department of Psychiatry, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tesfa Mekonen
- Department of Psychiatry, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Fentie Ambaw
- School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Jason Connor
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wayne Hall
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janni Leung
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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13
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Cannabis Legalization and the Decline of Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) Treatment Utilization in the US. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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14
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Sesso G, Brancati GE, Masi G. Comorbidities in Youth with Bipolar Disorder: Clinical Features and Pharmacological Management. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:911-934. [PMID: 35794777 PMCID: PMC10227908 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220706104117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a highly comorbid condition, and rates of cooccurring disorders are even higher in youth. Comorbid disorders strongly affect clinical presentation, natural course, prognosis, and treatment. METHODS This review focuses on the clinical and treatment implications of the comorbidity between BD and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, disruptive behavior disorders (Oppositional Defiant Disorder and/or Conduct Disorder), alcohol and substance use disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder, anxiety disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and eating disorders. RESULTS These associations define specific conditions which are not simply a sum of different clinical pictures, but occur as distinct and complex combinations with specific developmental pathways over time and selective therapeutic requirements. Pharmacological treatments can improve these clinical pictures by addressing the comorbid conditions, though the same treatments may also worsen BD by inducing manic or depressive switches. CONCLUSION The timely identification of BD comorbidities may have relevant clinical implications in terms of symptomatology, course, treatment and outcome. Specific studies addressing the pharmacological management of BD and comorbidities are still scarce, and information is particularly lacking in children and adolescents; for this reason, the present review also included studies conducted on adult samples. Developmentally-sensitive controlled clinical trials are thus warranted to improve the prognosis of these highly complex patients, requiring timely and finely personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sesso
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiat., Calambrone (Pisa), Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Masi
- IRCCS Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiat., Calambrone (Pisa), Italy
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15
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Goodwin RD, Shevorykin A, Carl E, Budney AJ, Rivard C, Wu M, McClure EA, Hyland A, Sheffer CE. Daily Cannabis Use Is a Barrier to Tobacco Cessation Among Tobacco Quitline Callers at 7-Month Follow-up. Nicotine Tob Res 2022; 24:1684-1688. [PMID: 35417562 PMCID: PMC9759104 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cannabis use is increasing among cigarette smokers in the United States. Prior studies suggest that cannabis use may be a barrier to smoking cessation. Yet, the extent to which this is the case among adults seeking to quit tobacco use remains unclear. Tobacco quitlines are the most common provider of no-cost treatment for adults who use smoke in the United States. This study investigated the association between cannabis use and smoking cessation outcomes among quitline callers. AIMS AND METHODS Participants included callers to the New York State Smokers' Quitline, who were seeking to quit smoking cigarettes and were contacted for outcome assessment 7 months after intake. Thirty-day point prevalence abstinence rates were calculated and compared among cannabis use groups, based on frequency of past-30-day cannabis use at baseline (none: 0 days, occasional: 1-9 days, regular: 10-19 days, and daily: 20-30 days). RESULTS Approximately 8.3% (n = 283) of participants (n = 3396) reported past-30-day cannabis use at baseline. Callers with daily cannabis use (20-30 days per month) had significantly lower odds of 30-day abstinence, relative to those who did not use cannabis (odds ratio = 0.5; 95% confidence interval [0.3, 0.9]). CONCLUSIONS Daily cannabis use appears to be associated with poorer smoking cessation treatment outcomes among adults seeking to quit smoking cigarettes via a quitline. Because quitlines are among the most accessible, affordable, and frequently utilized community-based treatments available in the United States, and the prevalence of cannabis use is increasing among cigarette smokers, detailed inquiry into cannabis use might enhance cigarette smoking cessation outcomes. IMPLICATIONS Quitlines are free of cost and accessible to millions of smokers in the United States. The current study found an inverse relationship between daily cannabis use at baseline and 30-day abstinence from cigarette smoking at 7-month follow-up among New York State Smokers' Quitline callers. Findings suggest that daily cannabis use may be a barrier to smoking cessation and sustained abstinence among those seeking help to stop smoking cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee D Goodwin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alina Shevorykin
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ellen Carl
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Alan J Budney
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Cheryl Rivard
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Melody Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin A McClure
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Hollings Cancer Center, Technology Applications Center for Healthful Lifestyles (TACHL), South Carolina Center of Economic Excellence, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Christine E Sheffer
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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16
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Grove JL, Kimbrel NA, Griffin SC, Halverson T, White MA, Blakey SM, Beckham JC, Dedert EA, Goldston DB, Pugh MJ, Calhoun PS. Cannabis use and suicide risk among Gulf War veterans. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 47:618-623. [PMID: 35939644 PMCID: PMC9905335 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2108944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use has been indicated as a risk factor for suicide in veterans. This study of Gulf War veterans tested the relationship between self-report past year cannabis use and (a) past year suicidal ideation and (b) risk for suicidal behavior. Data were from a national sample (N = 1126) of Gulf War veterans. Logistic regression models indicated cannabis use was associated with past year suicidal ideation and elevated risk for suicidal behavior, independent of key covariates. In corroboration with research on other military populations, this study indicates a potentially concerning association between cannabis use and suicide risk in Gulf War veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L. Grove
- Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Nathan A. Kimbrel
- Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
- VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT)
| | - Sarah C. Griffin
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
| | - Tate Halverson
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
| | | | | | - Jean C. Beckham
- Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
| | - Eric A. Dedert
- Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
- VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT)
| | - David B. Goldston
- Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Mary J. Pugh
- VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System
- University of Utah, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Patrick S. Calhoun
- Duke University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
- Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC)
- VA Health Services Research and Development Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (ADAPT)
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17
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Phillips JG, Ogeil RP. Remote detection of Cannabis-related impairments in performance? Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2527-2536. [PMID: 35451615 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Researchers have traditionally studied the effects of psychoactive drugs such as Cannabis in controlled laboratory settings or relied on retrospective self-reports to measure impairment. However, advances in technology afford opportunities to conduct assessments remotely. OBJECTIVES We considered whether objective click-stream data (time and number of clicks spent on a webpage) during an online survey could supplement self-reports of substance use problems. METHODS The clickstream data of participants (n = 236) were examined as they completed an online study which included validated psychometric tests (Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test-Revised, Grit-O, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and Brief Self Control Scale). Clickstream data were compared to self-reported Cannabis use. RESULTS People reporting Cannabis use within the last 4 weeks required more time and more clicks to complete the online survey, and this was specifically associated with reported frequency of use, duration of impairment, and problems with memory and concentration. Longer amounts of time and more clicks on the online questionnaire were associated with more recent Cannabis use rather than demographic factors or stimulant use. CONCLUSIONS These results imply clickstream data remotely detected indecision or other deficits associated with previous Cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Phillips
- Psychology Department, Auckland University of Technology, Akoranga Campus, Auckland, 0627, New Zealand.
| | - Rowan P Ogeil
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Box Hill, Clayton, 3128, Australia.,Turning Point, Eastern Health, Fitzroy, 3065, Australia
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18
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Ishiguro H, Kibret BG, Horiuchi Y, Onaivi ES. Potential Role of Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptors in Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:828895. [PMID: 35774086 PMCID: PMC9237241 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.828895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is composed of the two canonical receptor subtypes; type-1 cannabinoid (CB1R) and type 2 receptor (CB2R), endocannabinoids (eCBs) and enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of eCBs. Recently, with the identification of additional lipid mediators, enzymes and receptors, the expanded ECS called the endocannabinoidome (eCBome) has been identified and recognized. Activation of CB1R is associated with a plethora of physiological effects and some central nervous system (CNS) side effects, whereas, CB2R activation is devoid of such effects and hence CB2Rs might be utilized as potential new targets for the treatment of different disorders including neuropsychiatric disorders. Previous studies suggested that CB2Rs were absent in the brain and they were considered as peripheral receptors, however, recent studies confirmed the presence of CB2Rs in different brain regions. Several studies have now focused on the characterization of its physiological and pathological roles. Studies done on the role of CB2Rs as a therapeutic target for treating different disorders revealed important putative role of CB2R in neuropsychiatric disorders that requires further clinical validation. Here we provide current insights and knowledge on the potential role of targeting CB2Rs in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Its non-psychoactive effect makes the CB2R a potential target for treating CNS disorders; however, a better understanding of the fundamental pharmacology of CB2R activation is essential for the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ishiguro
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Japan
| | - Berhanu Geresu Kibret
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
| | - Yasue Horiuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emmanuel S. Onaivi
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
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