1
|
Wu S, Lv N, Geng Y, Chen X, Wang G, He S. Optical Fiber Fabry-Pérot Microfluidic Sensor Based on Capillary Fiber and Side Illumination Method. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3198. [PMID: 36991908 PMCID: PMC10053381 DOI: 10.3390/s23063198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, an optical fiber Fabry-Pérot (FP) microfluidic sensor based on the capillary fiber (CF) and side illumination method is designed. The hybrid FP cavity (HFP) is naturally formed by the inner air hole and silica wall of CF which is side illuminated by another single mode fiber (SMF). The CF acts as a naturally microfluidic channel, which can be served as a potential microfluidic solution concentration sensor. Moreover, the FP cavity formed by silica wall is insensitive to ambient solution refractive index but sensitive to the temperature. Thus, the HFP sensor can simultaneously measure microfluidic refractive index (RI) and temperature by cross-sensitivity matrix method. Three sensors with different inner air hole diameters were selected to fabricate and characterize the sensing performance. The interference spectra corresponding to each cavity length can be separated from each amplitude peak in the FFT spectra with a proper bandpass filter. Experimental results indicate that the proposed sensor with excellent sensing performance of temperature compensation is low-cost and easy to build, which is suitable for in situ monitoring and high-precision sensing of drug concentration and the optical constants of micro-specimens in the biomedical and biochemical fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wu
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Information Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Nanfei Lv
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuhang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gaoxuan Wang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- School of Information Science and Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Sailing He
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; (S.W.)
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ayyanar N, Thavasi Raja G, Y S S, Monfared YE, A A Z, A A S, Yu GA. Hollow-Core Microstructured Optical Fiber Based Refractometer: Numerical Simulation and Experimental Studies. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2022; 21:194-198. [PMID: 35041611 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2022.3144313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we numerically and experimentally propose a novel hollow-core microstructured optical fiber (HC-MOF) biosensor for refractive index determination. The sensing mechanism of the proposed sensor is based on photonic bandgap effect and the location of transmission maxima of the fiber, which is strongly depend on the liquid analyte RI filled in the fiber core. The proposed HC-MOF biosensor demonstrates the spectral sensitivity of 5636.3 nm/RIU with a RI detection range of 1.333 to 1.3385 for different ratios of plasma in blood serum in our experimental studies. The HC-MOF proposed here can detect similar liquid analytes with RI close to 1.33. The proposed sensor with a high sensitivity, ease of operation and the possibility of real-time sensing has a strong potential for detection of liquid analytes and biomolecules with possible applications in medicine, chemistry, and biology.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Optical sensors for biomedical applications have gained prominence in recent decades due to their compact size, high sensitivity, reliability, portability, and low cost. In this review, we summarized and discussed a few selected techniques and corresponding technological platforms enabling the manufacturing of optical biomedical sensors of different types. We discussed integrated optical biosensors, vertical grating couplers, plasmonic sensors, surface plasmon resonance optical fiber biosensors, and metasurface biosensors, Photonic crystal-based biosensors, thin metal films biosensors, and fiber Bragg grating biosensors as the most representative cases. All of these might enable the identification of symptoms of deadly illnesses in their early stages; thus, potentially saving a patient’s life. The aim of this paper was not to render a definitive judgment in favor of one sensor technology over another. We presented the pros and cons of all the major sensor systems enabling the readers to choose the solution tailored to their needs and demands.
Collapse
|
4
|
Stawska HI, Popenda MA. Refractive Index Sensors Based on Long-Period Grating in a Negative Curvature Hollow-Core Fiber. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051803. [PMID: 33807676 PMCID: PMC7961978 DOI: 10.3390/s21051803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Long-period optical fiber gratings (LPGs) are one of the widely used concepts for the sensing of refractive index (RI) changes. Negative curvature hollow-core fibers (NCHCFs), with their relatively large internal diameters that are easy to fill with liquids, appear as a very interesting medium to combine with the idea of LPGs and use for RI sensing. However, to date, there has been no investigation of the RI sensing capabilities of the NCHCF-based LPGs. The results presented in the paper do not only address this matter, but also compare the RI sensitivities of the NCHCFs alone and the gratings. By modeling two revolver-type fibers, with their internal diameters reflecting the results of the possible LPG-inscription process, the authors show that the fibers' transmission windows shift in response to the RI change, resulting in changes in RI sensitivities as high as -4411 nm/RIU. On the contrary, the shift in the transmission dip of the NCHCF-based LPGs corresponds to a sensitivity of -658 nm/RIU. A general confirmation of these results was ensured by comparing the analytical formulas describing the sensitivities of the NCHCFs and the NCHCF-based LPGs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Mishra GP, Kumar D, Chaudhary VS, Murmu G. Cancer cell detection by a heart-shaped dual-core photonic crystal fiber sensor. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:10321-10329. [PMID: 33361963 DOI: 10.1364/ao.409221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper contributes a novel design of sensor with a heart-shaped dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) to detect cancerous cells in human cervical, blood, adrenal glands, and breast. Cancer-infected cells and their normal cells are considered in liquid form having their own refractive indices. In the designed PCF, the two heart-shaped cores separated by a large circular air hole serve as two independent waveguides. The large circular air hole is infiltrated by sample cells from different body parts. Detection of cancer-contaminated cells by the proposed PCF is based on the mode-coupling theory. According to the mode-coupling theory, the guided optical light transmits periodically from one core to another, throughout the PCF length. During this transmission, the optical light interacts with the cancerous cell, which is filled in the center air hole of the PCF. Due to this interaction, the dip wavelength of the transmission spectrum is sensitive to the corresponding cancerous cell filled in the center air hole of the PCF. The variation in the PCF transmission spectrum for cancerous cells and their normal cells is observed by using the finite element method. The dip wavelength shift of the cancer cell in reference to its normal cell has been measured from the transmission spectrum to determine the sensing performance of the proposed sensor. The sensitivity achieved of the proposed sensor for cervical cancer cell, blood cancer cell, adrenal gland cancer cell, and breast cancer cells are 7916.67 nm/RIU, 8571.43 nm/RIU, 9285.71 nm/RIU, and 10,000 nm/RIU, respectively, with a maximum detection limit of 0.024. Therefore, the proposed PCF sensor suggests high sensitivity with a rapid cancer detection mechanism.
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Pidenko SA, Burmistrova NA, Shuvalov AA, Chibrova AA, Skibina YS, Goryacheva IY. Microstructured optical fiber-based luminescent biosensing: Is there any light at the end of the tunnel? - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1019:14-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
8
|
Shao L, Liu Z, Hu J, Gunawardena D, Tam HY. Optofluidics in Microstructured Optical Fibers. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9040145. [PMID: 30424079 PMCID: PMC6187474 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the development and applications of optofluidics investigated based on the platform of microstructured optical fibers (MOFs) that have miniature air channels along the light propagating direction. The flexibility of the customizable air channels of MOFs provides enough space to implement light-matter interaction, as fluids and light can be guided simultaneously along a single strand of fiber. Different techniques employed to achieve the fluidic inlet/outlet as well as different applications for biochemical analysis are presented. This kind of miniature platform based on MOFs is easy to fabricate, free of lithography, and only needs a tiny volume of the sample. Compared to optofluidics on the chip, no additional waveguide is necessary to guide the light since the core is already designed in MOFs. The measurements of flow rate, refractive index of the filled fluids, and chemical reactions can be carried out based on this platform. Furthermore, it can also demonstrate some physical phenomena. Such devices show good potential and prospects for applications in bio-detection as well as material analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Shao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Zhengyong Liu
- Photonics Research Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (D.G.); (H.-Y.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; (L.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Dinusha Gunawardena
- Photonics Research Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (D.G.); (H.-Y.T.)
| | - Hwa-Yaw Tam
- Photonics Research Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong; (D.G.); (H.-Y.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nissen M, Doherty B, Hamperl J, Kobelke J, Weber K, Henkel T, Schmidt MA. UV Absorption Spectroscopy in Water-Filled Antiresonant Hollow Core Fibers for Pharmaceutical Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E478. [PMID: 29415468 PMCID: PMC5855990 DOI: 10.3390/s18020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Due to a worldwide increased use of pharmaceuticals and, in particular, antibiotics, a growing number of these substance residues now contaminate natural water resources and drinking supplies. This triggers a considerable demand for low-cost, high-sensitivity methods for monitoring water quality. Since many biological substances exhibit strong and characteristic absorption features at wavelengths shorter than 300 nm, UV spectroscopy presents a suitable approach for the quantitative identification of such water-contaminating species. However, current UV spectroscopic devices often show limited light-matter interaction lengths, demand sophisticated and bulky experimental infrastructure which is not compatible with microfluidics, and leave large fractions of the sample analyte unused. Here, we introduce the concept of UV spectroscopy in liquid-filled anti-resonant hollow core fibers, with large core diameters and lengths of approximately 1 m, as a means to overcome such limitations. This extended light-matter interaction length principally improves the concentration detection limit by two orders of magnitude while using almost the entire sample volume-that is three orders of magnitude smaller compared to cuvette based approaches. By integrating the fibers into an optofluidic chip environment and operating within the lowest experimentally feasible transmission band, concentrations of the application-relevant pharmaceutical substances, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sodium salicylate (SS), were detectable down to 0.1 µM (26 ppb) and 0.4 µM (64 ppb), respectively, with the potential to reach significantly lower detection limits for further device integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Nissen
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Brenda Doherty
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Jonas Hamperl
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Jens Kobelke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Karina Weber
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Thomas Henkel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Markus A Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany.
- Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research (OSIM), Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Fraunhoferstr. 6, 07743 Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu X, Song X, Dong Z, Meng X, Chen Y, Yang L. Photonic crystal fiber-based immunosensor for high-performance detection of alpha fetoprotein. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:431-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
11
|
Benito-Peña E, Valdés MG, Glahn-Martínez B, Moreno-Bondi MC. Fluorescence based fiber optic and planar waveguide biosensors. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 943:17-40. [PMID: 27769374 PMCID: PMC7094704 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The application of optical biosensors, specifically those that use optical fibers and planar waveguides, has escalated throughout the years in many fields, including environmental analysis, food safety and clinical diagnosis. Fluorescence is, without doubt, the most popular transducer signal used in these devices because of its higher selectivity and sensitivity, but most of all due to its wide versatility. This paper focuses on the working principles and configurations of fluorescence-based fiber optic and planar waveguide biosensors and will review biological recognition elements, sensing schemes, as well as some major and recent applications, published in the last ten years. The main goal is to provide the reader a general overview of a field that requires the joint collaboration of researchers of many different areas, including chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, and material science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Benito-Peña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayra Granda Valdés
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of La Habana, 10400 La Habana, Cuba
| | - Bettina Glahn-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria C Moreno-Bondi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wu J, Yin X, Wang W, Hong X, Du Y, Geng Y, Li X. All-fiber reflecting temperature probe based on the simplified hollow-core photonic crystal fiber filled with aqueous quantum dot solution. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:974-978. [PMID: 26906361 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An all-fiber reflecting fluorescent temperature probe is proposed based on the simplified hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (SHC-PCF) filled with an aqueous CdSe/ZnS quantum dot solution. SHC-PCF is an excellent PCF used to fill liquid materials, which has low loss transmission bands in the visible wavelength range and enlarged core sizes. Both end faces of the SHC-PCF were spliced with multimode fiber after filling in order to generate a more stable and robust waveguide structure. The obtained temperature sensitivity dependence of the emission wavelength and the self-referenced intensity are 126.23 pm/°C and -0.007/°C in the temperature range of -10°C-120°C, respectively.
Collapse
|
13
|
Warren-Smith SC, Kostecki R, Nguyen LV, Monro TM. Fabrication, splicing, Bragg grating writing, and polyelectrolyte functionalization of exposed-core microstructured optical fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:29493-29504. [PMID: 25606883 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.029493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser written Bragg gratings have been written in exposed-core microstructured optical fibers with core diameters ranging from 2.7 µm to 12.5 µm and can be spliced to conventional single mode fiber. Writing a Bragg grating on an open core fiber allows for real-time refractive index based sensing, with a view to multiplexed biosensing. Smaller core fibers are shown both experimentally and theoretically to provide a higher sensitivity. A 7.5 µm core diameter fiber is shown to provide a good compromise between sensitivity and practicality and was used for monitoring the deposition of polyelectrolyte layers, an important first step in developing a biosensor.
Collapse
|
14
|
Dinish US, Balasundaram G, Chang YT, Olivo M. Sensitive multiplex detection of serological liver cancer biomarkers using SERS-active photonic crystal fiber probe. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:956-965. [PMID: 23963680 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy possesses the most promising advantage of multiplex detection for biosensing applications, which is achieved due to the narrow 'fingerprint' Raman spectra from the analyte molecules. We developed an ultrasensitive platform for the multiplex detection of cancer biomarkers by combining the SERS technique with a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HCPCF). Axially aligned air channels inside the HCPCF provide an excellent platform for optical sensing using SERS. In addition to the flexibility of optical fibers, HCPCF provides better light confinement and a larger interaction length for the guided light and the analyte, resulting in an improvement in sensitivity to detect low concentrations of bioanalytes in extremely low sample volumes. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate the sensitive multiplex detection of biomarkers immobilized inside the HCPCF using antibody-conjugated SERS-active nanoparticles (SERS nanotags). As a proof-of-concept for targeted multiplex detection, initially we carried out the sensing of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) biomarker in oral squamous carcinoma cell lysate using three different SERS nanotags. Subsequently, we also achieved simultaneous detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers-alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) secreted in the supernatant from Hep3b cancer cell line. Using a SERS-HCPCF sensing platform, we could successfully demonstrate the multiplex detection in an extremely low sample volume of ∼20 nL. In future, this study may lead to sensitive biosensing platform for the low concentration detection of biomarkers in an extremely low sample volume of body fluids to achieve early diagnosis of multiple diseases. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U S Dinish
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research A*STAR, 11 Biopolis Way, 138667 Singapore. ,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Calcerrada M, Fernández de la Ossa MÁ, Roy P, González-Herráez M, García-Ruiz C. Fundamentals on new capillaries inspired by photonic crystal fibers as optofluidic separation systems in CE. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:433-40. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matías Calcerrada
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Multipurpose Building of Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - M. Ángeles Fernández de la Ossa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Multipurpose Building of Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| | - Philippe Roy
- XLIM-Fibre Photonics Department; UMR CNRS/University of Limoges; Limoges France
| | | | - Carmen García-Ruiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Multipurpose Building of Chemistry, University of Alcalá; Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
ul Haque A, Chatni MR, Li G, Porterfield DM. Biochips and other microtechnologies for physiomics. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 4:553-63. [PMID: 17705712 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.4.4.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a review of microtechnologies relevant to applications in cellular physiology, including biochips, electrochemical sensors and optrodic sensing techniques. Microelectrodes have been the main tools for measuring cellular electrophysiology, oxygen, nitric oxide, neurotransmitters, pH and various ions. Optical fiber sensing methods, such as indicator-based optrodes, with fluorescence lifetime measurement, are now emerging as viable alternatives to electroanalytical chemistry. These new optrode techniques are possible because of recent advances in the optoelectronics industry and are comparably easier to miniaturize, have faster response times, do not consume the analyte and have lower operational costs. This review serves as a summary and predicts future trends for both electrochemical and optical luminescence lifetime sensing as components in lab-on-a-chip devices for physiological sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aeraj ul Haque
- Purdue University, Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Physiological Sensing Facility, Bindley Bioscience Research Center, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Selective serial multi-antibody biosensing with TOPAS microstructured polymer optical fibers. SENSORS 2013; 13:3242-51. [PMID: 23529122 PMCID: PMC3658743 DOI: 10.3390/s130303242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a fluorescence-based fiber-optical biosensor, which can selectively detect different antibodies in serial at preselected positions inside a single piece of fiber. The fiber is a microstructured polymer optical fiber fabricated from TOPAS cyclic olefin copolymer, which allows for UV activation of localized sensor layers inside the holes of the fiber. Serial fluorescence-based selective sensing of Cy3-labelled α-streptavidin and Cy5-labelled α-CRP antibodies is demonstrated.
Collapse
|
18
|
Micro-displacement sensor based on a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. SENSORS 2012; 12:17497-503. [PMID: 23247414 PMCID: PMC3571850 DOI: 10.3390/s121217497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A sensing head based on a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber for in-reflection measurement of micro-displacements is presented. The sensing structure takes advantage of the multimodal behavior of a short segment of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber in-reflection, being spliced to a single mode fiber at its other end. A modal interferometer is obtained when the sensing head is close to a mirror, through which displacement is measured.
Collapse
|
19
|
Rosenberger M, Koller G, Belle S, Schmauss B, Hellmann R. Planar Bragg grating in bulk polymethylmethacrylate. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:27288-96. [PMID: 23262678 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.027288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on a one-step writing process of a planar waveguide including a Bragg grating structure in bulk Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). A KrF excimer laser and a phase mask covered by an amplitude mask were used to locally increase the refractive index in PMMA and thereby generate simultaneously the planar waveguide and the Bragg grating. Our results show a reflected wavelength of the Bragg grating of about 1558.5 nm in accordance to the phase mask period. The reflectivity of the grating is about 80%. Initial characteristics of the Bragg grating structure towards humidity are investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rosenberger
- Laboratory for Photonic Technologies and Sensing, University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Aschaffenburg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Warren-Smith SC, Nie G, Schartner EP, Salamonsen LA, Monro TM. Enzyme activity assays within microstructured optical fibers enabled by automated alignment. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 3:3304-3313. [PMID: 23243579 PMCID: PMC3521297 DOI: 10.1364/boe.3.003304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence-based enzyme activity assay has been demonstrated within a small-core microstructured optical fiber (MOF) for the first time. To achieve this, a reflection-based automated alignment system has been developed, which uses feedback and piezoelectric actuators to maintain optical alignment. The auto-alignment system provides optical stability for the time required to perform an activity assay. The chosen assay is based on the enzyme proprotein convertase 5/6 (PC6) and has important applications in women's health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Warren-Smith
- Institute for Photonics & Advanced Sensing (IPAS) and School of Chemistry & Physics, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Guiying Nie
- Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Erik P. Schartner
- Institute for Photonics & Advanced Sensing (IPAS) and School of Chemistry & Physics, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Lois A. Salamonsen
- Prince Henry’s Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Tanya M. Monro
- Institute for Photonics & Advanced Sensing (IPAS) and School of Chemistry & Physics, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Olasagasti F, Ruiz de Gordoa JC. Miniaturized technology for protein and nucleic acid point-of-care testing. Transl Res 2012; 160:332-45. [PMID: 22683416 PMCID: PMC7104926 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2012.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The field of point-of-care (POC) testing technology is developing quickly and producing instruments that are increasingly reliable, while their size is being gradually reduced. Proteins are a common target for POC analyses and the detection of protein markers typically involves immunoassays aimed at detecting different groups of proteins such as tumor markers, inflammation proteins, and cardiac markers; but other techniques can also be used to analyze plasma proteins. In the case of nucleic acids, hybridization and amplification strategies can be used to record electromagnetic or electric signals. These techniques allow for the identification of specific viral or bacterial infections as well as specific cancers. In this review, we consider some of the latest advances in the analysis of specific nucleic acid and protein biomarkers, taking into account their trend toward miniaturization and paying special attention to the technology that can be implemented in future applications, such as lab-on-a-chip instruments.
Collapse
Key Words
- poc, point-of-care
- lfi, lateral flow immunochromatography
- psa, prostate-specific antigen
- hcg, human chorionic gonadotropin
- tsh, thyroid-stimulating hormone
- seb, staphylococcal enterotixin b
- fret, förster resonance energy transfer
- mmp, matrix metalloproteinase 9
- bnp, b-type natriuretic peptide
- crp, c-reactive protein
- pdms, polydimethylsiloxane
- ig, immunoglobulin
- hb a1c, hemoglobin a1c
- ag, antigen
- ab, antibody
- tnfα, tumor necrosis factor α
- pct, procalcitonin
- il, interleukin
- pcr, polymerase chain reaction
- ca, cancer antigen
- cea, carcinoembryonic antigen
- nmp, nuclear matrix protein
- s100β, s100 calcium binding protein beta
- elisa, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- vegf, vascular endothelial growth factor
- pmma, methyl methacrylate
- ctni, cardiac troponin i
- egf, epidermal growth factor
- ip, interferon-inducible
- mcp, monocyte chemoattractant protein
- timp-1, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1
- rantes, regulated upon activation, normal t cell expressed and secreted
- mip-1 β, macrophage inflammatory protein-beta
- ctnt, cardiac troponin t
- hrp, horseradish peroxidase
- si-fet, silicon field-effect-transistor
- afp, alpha fetoprotein
- act, antichymotrypsin
- mia, magnetic immunoassay
- apc, allophycocyanin
- he4, human epididymis protein 4
- tmb, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine
- hp, hairpin
- lamp, loop-mediated isothermal amplification
- mrsa, methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
- fmdv, foot-and-mouth disease virus
- mμlamp, multiplex microfluidic lamp
- had, helicase-dependent amplification
- nasba, nucleic acid sequence based amplification
- lfm, lateral flow chromatography microarrays
- hsp, heat shock proteins
- spr, surface plasmon resonance
- mems, micro-electro-mechanical systems
- mimed, magnetic integrated microfluidic electrochemical detectors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Olasagasti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Farmazia Fakultatea/Facultad de Farmacia, UPV-EHU, Gasteiz, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tian F, Kanka J, Sukhishvili SA, Du H. Photonic crystal fiber for layer-by-layer assembly and measurements of polyelectrolyte thin films. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:4299-4301. [PMID: 23073443 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.004299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The cladding air channels of an endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and the high-index sensitivity of its long-period gratings (LPG) inscribed by CO(2) laser have been exploited to deposit poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVPON)/poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) polyelectrolyte thin films via layer-by-layer assembly (LbL) and to measure the deposition process. We show that LbL can be controllably carried out within the axially aligned air channels. PCF-LPG is highly sensitive to the LbL process as reflected by ~1.625 nm shift in the resonance wavelength per polyelectrolyte layer incorporated. PCF-LPG is also very robust for in situ monitoring of the release of PVPON from cross-linked polyelectrolytes, which results in the formation of pH-responsive PMAA hydrogel. PCF-LPG containing the hydrogel exhibits well-behaved response to changes in solution pH over 2 to 7.5. We demonstrate that PCF-LPG is 2 orders of magnitude more sensitive than its traditional all-solid counterpart through parallel investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tian F, Kanka J, Du H. Long-period grating and its cascaded counterpart in photonic crystal fiber for gas phase measurement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:20951-20961. [PMID: 23037218 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.020951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Regular and cascaded long period gratings (LPG, C-LPG) of periods ranging from 460 to 590 μm were inscribed in an endlessly single mode photonic crystal fiber (PCF) using CO(2) laser for sensing measurements of helium, argon and acetylene. High index sensitivities in excess of 1700 nm/RIU were achieved in both grating schemes with a period of 460 μm. The sharp interference fringes in the transmission spectrum of C-PCF-LPG afforded not only greatly enhanced sensing resolution, but also accuracy when the phase-shift of the fringe pattern is determined through spectral processing. Comparative numerical and experimental studies indicated LP(01) to LP(03) mode coupling as the principal coupling step for both PCF-LPG and C-PCF-LPG with emergence of multi-mode coupling at shorter grating periods or longer resonance wavelengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Highly sensitive SERS detection of cancer proteins in low sample volume using hollow core photonic crystal fiber. Biosens Bioelectron 2012; 33:293-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Tian F, He Z, Du H. Numerical and experimental investigation of long-period gratings in photonic crystal fiber for refractive index sensing of gas media. OPTICS LETTERS 2012; 37:380-382. [PMID: 22297359 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have used the finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) method to simulate the core mode to cladding mode couplings in long-period gratings (LPGs) in photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Four sets of LPG-PCF have been fabricated with respective periodicities of 590, 540, 515, and 490 μm, resulting in corresponding resonance wavelengths (RWs) of 1241, 1399, 1494, and 1579 nm. We show both theoretically and experimentally that the longer the RW, the more sensitive the LPG-PCF is to the index change in Ar. We demonstrate a robust sensitivity of 517 nm per refractive index unit using the LPG-PCF at 1579 nm RW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
A microfluidic long-period fiber grating sensor platform for chloride ion concentration measurement. SENSORS 2011; 11:8550-68. [PMID: 22164091 PMCID: PMC3231478 DOI: 10.3390/s110908550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optical fiber sensors based on waveguide technology are promising and attractive in chemical, biotechnological, agronomy, and civil engineering applications. A microfluidic system equipped with a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) capable of measuring chloride ion concentrations of several sample materials is presented. The LPFG-based microfluidic platform was shown to be effective in sensing very small quantities of samples and its transmitted light signal could easily be used as a measurand. The investigated sample materials included reverse osmosis (RO) water, tap water, dilute aqueous sample of sea sand soaked in RO water, aqueous sample of sea sand soaked in RO water, dilute seawater, and seawater. By employing additionally a chloride ion-selective electrode sensor for the calibration of chloride-ion concentration, a useful correlation (R2 = 0.975) was found between the separately-measured chloride concentration and the light intensity transmitted through the LPFG at a wavelength of 1,550 nm. Experimental results show that the sensitivity of the LPFG sensor by light intensity interrogation was determined to be 5.0 × 10−6 mW/mg/L for chloride ion concentrations below 2,400 mg/L. The results obtained from the analysis of data variations in time-series measurements for all sample materials show that standard deviations of output power were relatively small and found in the range of 7.413 × 10−5−2.769 × 10−3 mW. In addition, a fairly small coefficients of variations were also obtained, which were in the range of 0.03%–1.29% and decreased with the decrease of chloride ion concentrations of sample materials. Moreover, the analysis of stability performance of the LPFG sensor indicated that the random walk coefficient decreased with the increase of the chloride ion concentration, illustrating that measurement stability using the microfluidic platform was capable of measuring transmitted optical power with accuracy in the range of −0.8569 mW/
h to −0.5169 mW/
h. Furthermore, the bias stability was determined to be in the range of less than 6.134 × 10−8 mW/h with 600 s time cluster to less than 1.412 × 10−6 mW/h with 600 s time cluster. Thus, the proposed LPFG-based microfluidic platform has the potential for civil, chemical, biological, and biochemical sensing with aqueous solutions. The compact (3.5 × 4.2 cm), low-cost, real-time, small-volume (∼70 μL), low-noise, and high-sensitive chloride ion sensing system reported here could hopefully benefit the development and applications in the field of chemical, biotechnical, soil and geotechnical, and civil engineering.
Collapse
|
27
|
Long-period gratings in photonic crystal fiber as an optofluidic label-free biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:4774-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
28
|
Markos C, Yuan W, Vlachos K, Town GE, Bang O. Label-free biosensing with high sensitivity in dual-core microstructured polymer optical fibers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:7790-7798. [PMID: 21503089 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.007790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present experimentally feasible designs of a dual-core microstructured polymer optical fiber (mPOF), which can act as a highly sensitive, label-free, and selective biosensor. An immobilized antigen sensing layer on the walls of the holes in the mPOF provides the ability to selectively capture antibody biomolecules. The change of the layer thickness of biomolecules can then be detected as a change in the coupling length between the two cores. We compare mPOF structures with 1, 2, and 3 air-holes between the solid cores and show that the sensitivity increases with increasing distance between the cores. Numerical calculations indicate a record sensitivity up to 20 nm/nm (defined as the shift in the resonance wavelength per nm biolayer) at visible wavelengths, where the mPOF has low loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Markos
- Department of Computer Engineering and Informatics, University of Patras, Patra, 26500, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sun B, Chen MY, Zhang YK, Yang JC, Yao JQ, Cui HX. Microstructured-core photonic-crystal fiber for ultra-sensitive refractive index sensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:4091-4100. [PMID: 21369238 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.004091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel photonic crystal fiber refractive index sensor which is based on the selectively resonant coupling between a conventional solid core and a microstructured core. The introduced microstructured core is realized by filling the air-holes in the core with low index analyte. We show that a detection limit (DL) of 2.02×10⁻⁶ refractive index unit (RIU) and a sensitivity of 8500 nm/RIU can be achieved for analyte with refractive index of 1.33.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Sun
- Department of Optical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li D, Wang L. Fluorescence hydrogen peroxide probe based on a microstructured polymer optical fiber modified with a titanium dioxide film. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2010; 64:514-519. [PMID: 20482970 DOI: 10.1366/000370210791211709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive microstructured polymer optical fiber (MPOF) probe for hydrogen peroxide was made by forming a rhodamine 6G-doped titanium dioxide film on the side walls of array holes in an MPOF. It was found that hydrogen peroxide only has a response to the MPOF probe in a certain concentration of potassium iodide in sulfuric acid solution. The calibration graph of fluorescence intensity versus hydrogen peroxide concentration is linear in the range of 1.6 x 10(-7) mol/L to 9.6 x 10(-5) mol/L. The method, with high sensitivity and a wide linear range, has been applied to the determination of trace amounts of hydrogen peroxide in a few real samples, such as rain water and contact lens disinfectant, with satisfactory results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Information road 17, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Town GE, Yuan W, McCosker R, Bang O. Microstructured optical fiber refractive index sensor. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:856-858. [PMID: 20237622 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We describe a dual-core microstructured optical fiber designed for refractive index sensing of fluids. We show that by using the exponential dependence of intercore coupling on analyte refractive index, both large range and high sensitivity can be achieved in the one device. We also show that selective filling of the microstructure with analyte can increase the device sensitivity by approximately 1 order of magnitude.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graham E Town
- MQ Photonics, Department of Physics and Engineering, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Padmanabhan S, Shinoj VK, Murukeshan VM, Padmanabhan P. Highly sensitive optical detection of specific protein in breast cancer cells using microstructured fiber in extremely low sample volume. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:017005. [PMID: 20210479 DOI: 10.1117/1.3302810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A simple optical method using hollow-core photonic crystal fiber for protein detection has been described. In this study, estrogen receptor (ER) from a MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell lysates immobilized inside a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber was detected using anti-ER primary antibody with either Alexa Fluor 488 (green fluorescent dye) or 555 (red Fluorescent dye) labeled Goat anti-rabbit IgG as the secondary antibody. The fluorescence fingerprints of the ERalpha protein were observed under fluorescence microscope, and its optical characteristics were analyzed. The ERalpha protein detection by this proposed method is based on immuno binding from sample volume as low as 50 nL. This method is expected to offer great potential as a biosensor for medical diagnostics and therapeutics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saraswathi Padmanabhan
- Nanyang Technological University, School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Singapore
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang W, Lin S, Wang C, Hu J, Li C, Zhuang Z, Zhou Y, Mathies RA, Yang CJ. PMMA/PDMS valves and pumps for disposable microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:3088-94. [PMID: 19823724 DOI: 10.1039/b907254c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is gaining in popularity in microfluidic devices because of its low cost, excellent optical transparency, attractive mechanical/chemical properties, and simple fabrication procedures. It has been used to fabricate micromixers, PCR reactors, CE and many other microdevices. Here we present the design, fabrication, characterization and application of pneumatic microvalves and micropumps based on PMMA. Valves and pumps are fabricated by sandwiching a PDMS membrane between PMMA fluidic channel and manifold wafers. Valve closing or opening can be controlled by adjusting the pressure in a displacement chamber on the pneumatic layer via a computer regulated solenoid. The valve provides up to 15.4 microL s(-1) at 60 kPa fluid pressure and seals reliably against forward fluid pressure as high as 60 kPa. A PMMA diaphragm pump can be assembled by simply connecting three valves in series. By varying valve volume or opening time, pumping rates ranging from nL to microL per second can be accurately achieved. The PMMA based valves and pumps were further tested in a disposable automatic nucleic acid extraction microchip to extract DNA from human whole blood. The DNA extraction efficiency was about 25% and the 260 nm/280 nm UV absorption ratio for extracted DNA was 1.72. Because of its advantages of inexpensive, facile fabrication, robust and easy integration, the PMMA valve and pump will find their wide application for fluidic manipulation in portable and disposable microfluidic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, and the Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ott JR, Heuck M, Agger C, Rasmussen PD, Bang O. Label-free and selective nonlinear fiber-optical biosensing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:20834-47. [PMID: 19065222 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.020834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the inherent nonlinearity of a microstructured optical fiber (MOF) may be used to achieve label-free selective biosensing, thereby eliminating the need for post-processing of the fiber. This first nonlinear biosensor utilizes a change in the modulational instability (MI) gain spectrum (a shift of the Stokes- or anti-Stokes wavelength) caused by the selective capture of biomolecules by a sensor layer immobilised on the walls of the holes in the fiber. We find that such changes in the MI gain spectrum can be made detectable, and that engineering of the dispersion is important for optimizing the sensitivity. The nonlinear sensor shows a sensitivity of around 10.4 nm/nm, defined as the shift in resonance wavelength per nm biolayer, which is a factor of 7.5 higher than the hitherto only demonstrated label-free MOF biosensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan R Ott
- DTU Fotonik, Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, DK, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ruan Y, Foo TC, Warren-Smith S, Hoffmann P, Moore RC, Ebendorff-Heidepriem H, Monro TM. Antibody immobilization within glass microstructured fibers: a route to sensitive and selective biosensors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:18514-23. [PMID: 18958130 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.018514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Glass microstructured optical fibers have been rendered biologically active for the first time via the immobilization of antibodies within the holes in the fiber cross-section. This has been done by introducing coating layers to the internal surfaces of soft glass fibers. The detection of proteins that bind to these antibodies has been demonstrated experimentally within this system via the use of fluorescence labeling. The approach combines the sensitivity resulting from the long interaction lengths of filled fibers with the selectivity provided by the use of antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinlan Ruan
- Centre of Expertise in Photonics, School of Chemistry & Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dupuis A, Guo N, Gao Y, Skorobogata O, Gauvreau B, Dubois C, Skorobogatiy M. Fabrication strategies and potential applications of the "green" microstructured optical fibers. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2008; 13:054003. [PMID: 19021383 DOI: 10.1117/1.2978062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable microstructured polymer optical fibers have been created using synthetic biomaterials such as poly(L-lactic acid), poly(epsilon-caprolactone), and cellulose derivatives. Original processing techniques were utilized to fabricate a variety of biofriendly microstructured fibers that hold potential for in vivo light delivery, sensing, and controlled drug-release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Dupuis
- Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, Engineering Physics Department, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
West J, Becker M, Tombrink S, Manz A. Micro Total Analysis Systems: Latest Achievements. Anal Chem 2008; 80:4403-19. [PMID: 18498178 DOI: 10.1021/ac800680j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan West
- ISAS, Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marco Becker
- ISAS, Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sven Tombrink
- ISAS, Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Manz
- ISAS, Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Strasse 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Optical Fiber Sensing Using Quantum Dots. SENSORS 2007; 7:3489-3534. [PMID: 28903308 PMCID: PMC3841909 DOI: 10.3390/s7123489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the application of semiconductor nanocrystals, or quantumdots, as biochemical sensors are reviewed. Quantum dots have unique optical properties thatmake them promising alternatives to traditional dyes in many luminescence basedbioanalytical techniques. An overview of the more relevant progresses in the application ofquantum dots as biochemical probes is addressed. Special focus will be given toconfigurations where the sensing dots are incorporated in solid membranes and immobilizedin optical fibers or planar waveguide platforms.
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Emiliyanov G, Jensen JB, Bang O, Hoiby PE, Pedersen LH, Kjaer EM, Lindvold L. Localized biosensing with Topas microstructured polymer optical fiber. OPTICS LETTERS 2007; 32:460-2. [PMID: 17392887 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present what is believed to be the first microstructured polymer optical fiber (mPOF) fabricated from Topas cyclic olefin copolymer, which has attractive material and biochemical properties. This polymer allows for a novel type of fiber-optic biosensor, where localized sensor layers may be activated on the inner side of the air holes in a predetermined section of the mPOF. The concept is demonstrated using a fluorescence-based method for selective detection of fluorophore-labeled antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grigoriy Emiliyanov
- COM - DTU, Department of Communications, Optics and Materials, Technical University of Denmark, Muilding 345v, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dupuis A, Guo N, Gao Y, Godbout N, Lacroix S, Dubois C, Skorobogatiy M. Prospective for biodegradable microstructured optical fibers. OPTICS LETTERS 2007; 32:109-11. [PMID: 17186033 DOI: 10.1364/ol.32.000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We report fabrication of a novel microstructured optical fiber made of biodegradable and water soluble materials that features approximately 1 dB/cm transmission loss. Two cellulose butyrate tubes separated with hydroxypropyl cellulose powder were codrawn into a porous double-core fiber offering integration of optical, microfluidic, and potentially drug release functionalities.
Collapse
|