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Factors controlling the fate of pyrethroids residues during post-harvest processing of raw agricultural crops: An overview. Food Chem 2019; 295:58-63. [PMID: 31174799 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Control of residual levels of synthetic pyrethroids in fresh fruits and vegetables as well as in foodstuff made of fresh agricultural produces is of utmost importance. Apart from the need to more control on application of pesticides by farmers, simple and effective postharvest practices by consumers and/or manufacturers usually applied to produces before consumption may enhance food safety from potentially harmful pesticide residues. The present review discusses the underline factors that control the effectiveness of crops postharvest treatments and the possible mechanisms of loss of pesticides during food processing. It is shown that the effectiveness of postharvest processes is controlled by various factors and that understanding such factors is essential for more control of residual pesticides. Though postharvest processes may lead to substantial reduction of residual pesticides, metabolites of broken pesticides are of great concern.
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Liang D, Liu W, Raza R, Bai Y, Liu H. Applications of solid-phase micro-extraction with mass spectrometry in pesticide analysis. J Sep Sci 2018; 42:330-341. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Liang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education; College of New Energy and Environment; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment of Ministry of Education; College of New Energy and Environment; Jilin University; Changchun P. R. China
| | - Rabia Raza
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Institute of Analytical Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing P. R. China
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3
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Recent Developments and Applications of Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) in Food and Environmental Analysis—A Review. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/chromatography2030293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Becker R, Dorgerloh U, Theissen H, Nehls I. Stabilisation of groundwater samples for the quantification of organic trace pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2013; 15:2329-2337. [PMID: 24190284 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00332a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The concentration of contaminants in groundwater samples can be decreased by degradation in the time course between field sampling and quantification in the laboratory, especially in samples from sites where degradation activity is enhanced by remediation measures. The sampling sites covered a variety of priority organic pollutants such as volatile aromatic and chlorinated compounds, phenols and petroleum hydrocarbons and different remediation strategies such as anaerobic and aerobic microbial in situ degradation, in situ chemical oxidation, and on-site purification with biological treatment. The stability of the contaminants' concentration was investigated over a time range of several hours without cooling in the autosampler of the analytical equipment (short term) and over several days of storage until analysis (long term). A number of stabilisation techniques suggested in international standards ISO 5667-3:2013 and ASTM D6517:2000 were compared both with regard to short term and long term stabilisation of the contaminants and their practicability for field sampling campaigns. Long term storage turned out to be problematic for most compound groups even under cooling. Short term stability was problematic also for volatiles such as benzenic aromates, naphthalene and volatile organic halogenated compounds to be analysed by headspace gas chromatography. Acidification (pH <2) was sufficient to prevent degradation of benzenic aromates, naphthalene, phenols and petrol hydrocarbons for up to seven days. The use of acids was not applicable to stabilise volatiles in waters rich in carbonates and sulphides due to stripping of the volatiles with the liberated gases. The addition of sodium azide was successfully used for stabilisation of volatile organic halogenated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Becker
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany.
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Köck-Schulmeyer M, Villagrasa M, López de Alda M, Céspedes-Sánchez R, Ventura F, Barceló D. Occurrence and behavior of pesticides in wastewater treatment plants and their environmental impact. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 458-460:466-76. [PMID: 23692851 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Reports on pesticides elimination during wastewater treatment are rare since these substances are typically considered of agricultural rather than of urban origin. In this context, the aim of this work was to evaluate the presence, removal and environmental relevance of 22 selected pesticides in three different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), paying attention not only to their occurrence and elimination but also to the toxicity of each pesticide against three aquatic micro organisms (algae, daphnia and fish) through the calculation of the so-named Environmental Relevance of Pesticides from Wastewater treatment plants Index (ERPWI). For this purpose, an analytical method based on isotope dilution on-line solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) was optimized, allowing the determination of the 22 target pesticides in wastewater with satisfactory sensitivity (limits of detection below 30 ng/L), accuracy and precision. Concerning the results, total pesticide levels were in most instances below 1 μg/L but removal in the WWTPs was variable and often poor, with concentrations in the effluent sometimes higher than in the corresponding influent. Possible explanations for these poor or negative removal rates are, among many others considered (e.g. sampling, sample preservation, method biases, atmospheric deposition), deconjugation of metabolites and/or transformation products of the pesticides, hydrolysis, and desorption from particulate matter during wastewater treatment. The most significant pesticides in terms of concentration and frequency of detection were diazinon and diuron. These two pesticides, followed by atrazine, simazine and malathion, were also the most relevant from the environmental point of view, according to the calculated ERPWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Köck-Schulmeyer
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Dept. Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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Albaseer SS, Mukkanti K, Rao RN, Swamy Y. Analytical artifacts, sample handling and preservation methods of environmental samples of synthetic pyrethroids. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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7
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Jia C, Zhu X, Zhao E, Yu P, He M, Chen L. Application of SPME Based on a Stainless Steel Wire for the Determination of Pyrethroid Insecticide Residues in Water and Soil. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1766-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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An overview of sample preparation and extraction of synthetic pyrethroids from water, sediment and soil. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5537-54. [PMID: 20650460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The latest developments in sample preparation and extraction of synthetic pyrethroids from environmental matrices viz., water, sediment and soil were reviewed. Though the synthetic pyrethroids were launched in 1970s, to the best of authors' knowledge there was no review on this subject until date. The present status and recent advances made during the last 10 years in sample preparation including conservation and extraction techniques used in determination of synthetic pyrethroids in water, sediment and soil were discussed. Pre- and post-extraction treatments, sample stability during extraction and its influence upon the whole process of analytical determination were covered. Relative merits and demerits including the green aspects of extraction were evaluated. The current trends and future prospects were also addressed.
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Aboulfadl K, De Potter C, Prévost M, Sauvé S. Time-dependent integrity during storage of natural surface water samples for the trace analysis of pharmaceutical products, feminizing hormones and pesticides. Chem Cent J 2010; 4:10. [PMID: 20403158 PMCID: PMC2873356 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-4-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring and analysis of trace contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides require the preservation of the samples before they can be quantified using the appropriate analytical methods. Our objective is to determine the sample shelf life to insure proper quantification of ultratrace contaminants. To this end, we tested the stability of a variety of pharmaceutical products including caffeine, natural steroids, and selected pesticides under refrigerated storage conditions. The analysis was performed using multi-residue methods using an on-line solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) in the selected reaction monitoring mode. After 21 days of storage, no significant difference in the recoveries was observed compared to day 0 for pharmaceutical products, while for pesticides, significant losses occurred for DIA and simazine after 10 days (14% and 17% reduction respectively) and a statistically significant decrease in the recovery was noted for cyanazine (78% disappearance). However, the estrogen and progestogen steroids were unstable during storage. The disappearance rates obtained after 21 days of storage vary from 63 to 72% for the feminizing hormones. Overall, pharmaceuticals and pesticides seem to be stable for refrigerated storage for up to about 10 days (except cyanazine) and steroidal hormones can be quite sensitive to degradation and should not be stored for more than a few days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Aboulfadl
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Chaire CRSNG en Eau Potable, Département des génies civil, géologique et des mines, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada
| | - Cyril De Potter
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michèle Prévost
- Chaire CRSNG en Eau Potable, Département des génies civil, géologique et des mines, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Canada
| | - Sébastien Sauvé
- Département de chimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Fernandez-Alvarez M, Llompart M, Garcia-Jares C, Dagnac T, Lores M. Investigation of the photochemical behaviour of pyrethroids lacking the cyclopropane ring by photo-solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:3673-3687. [PMID: 19899191 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of by-products arising from the UV photodegradation of two insecticide pyrethroids lacking the cyclopropane ring (flucythrinate and fenvalerate) has been investigated by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty photoproducts were tentatively identified mainly based on the interpretation of the experimental mass spectra or by using reference mass spectra. Some of these compounds had not previously been detected. Furthermore, the generation of some of the photoproducts might be a matter for concern due to their potential toxicity. The corresponding photodegradation routes, including postulation of the intermediate radicals, have also been proposed. These photodegradation studies were performed by photo-solid-phase microextraction (photo-SPME) in which the SPME fibre was exposed to light after extraction of the target analytes from aqueous solutions. The degradation kinetics of the investigated pyrethroids and the photoformation-photodegradation curves of the photoproducts generated in situ were also monitored through the ion chromatograms obtained for different irradiation times and the corresponding mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fernandez-Alvarez
- Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Nutricion y Bromatologia, Instituto de Investigacion y Analisis Alimentario, Campus Sur, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Coupled in-tube and on-fibre solid-phase microextractions for cleanup and preconcentration of organic micropollutants from aqueous samples and analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 618:61-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Vázquez PP, Mughari AR, Galera MM. Application of solid-phase microextraction for determination of pyrethroids in groundwater using liquid chromatography with post-column photochemically induced fluorimetry derivatization and fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1188:61-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Regueiro J, Llompart M, Garcia-Jares C, Cela R. Development of a high-throughput method for the determination of organochlorinated compounds, nitromusks and pyrethroid insecticides in indoor dust. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1174:112-24. [PMID: 17884065 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Revised: 08/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of chemical exposure inside the homes and offices where people spend the majority of their lives has only recently begun. These chemicals are degraded much more slowly than outdoor because they are more protected from sunlight, severe environmental conditions and microbial activity. Hence, indoor dust has been recognized as an important exposure pathway for organic contaminants. Pyrethroids are synthetic insecticides widely used in domestic environment for numerous applications and also in agriculture. Chlorobenzenes are a family of compounds used as intermediates in the production of a wide range of household consumer products. Nitromusks are a kind of synthetic musks used in the production of cleaning agents, detergents, and personal care products. A high-throughput method for the determination of these compounds in indoor dust samples has been developed. Microwave-assisted solvent extraction was used as the extraction technique whereas quantification of compounds was carried out by gas chromatography with micro-electron-capture detection. Several cleanup procedures were tested and finally a non-classical "on batch" procedure was selected, which allows increasing the throughput of the analysis while decreasing sample manipulation. Extraction conditions were optimized using a multifactorial experimental design approach. Quantitative recovery (84-103%) was achieved for all compounds and method precision was satisfactory. Limits of detection ranged from 0.22 ng g(-1) for lindane to 40 ng g(-1) for 1,4-dichlorobenzene. Standard reference material SRM 2585 was analyzed and the obtained values were in good agreement with the reported reference values for organochlorinated compounds and nitromusks. Pyrethroids and polychlorobenzenes have been analyzed for the first time in this reference material and some of them have been found. In addition, real samples collected in houses of north-western Spain have been analyzed by the proposed method and 17 of the 22 target compounds have been detected in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Regueiro
- Departamento de Quimica Analitica, Nutricion y Bromatologia, Instituto de Investigacion y Analisis de Alimentarios, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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