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Blum JE, Kong R, Schulman E, Chen FM, Upadhyay R, Romero-Meza G, Littman DR, Fischbach MA, Nagashima K, Sattely ES. Discovery and characterization of dietary antigens in oral tolerance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.26.593976. [PMID: 38853977 PMCID: PMC11160622 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.26.593976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Food antigens elicit immune tolerance through the action of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the intestine. Although antigens that trigger common food allergies are known, the epitopes that mediate tolerance to most foods have not been described. Here, we identified murine T cell receptors specific for maize, wheat, and soy, and used expression cloning to de-orphan their cognate epitopes. All of the epitopes derive from seed storage proteins that are resistant to degradation and abundant in the edible portion of the plant. Multiple unrelated T cell clones were specific for an epitope at the C-terminus of 19 kDa alpha-zein, a protein from maize kernel. An MHC tetramer loaded with this antigen revealed that zein-specific T cells are predominantly Tregs localized to the intestine. These cells, which develop concurrently with weaning, constitute up to 2% of the peripheral Treg pool. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that these cells express higher levels of immunosuppressive markers and chemokines compared to other Tregs. These data suggest that immune tolerance to plant-derived foods is focused on a specific class of antigens with common features, and they reveal the functional properties of naturally occurring food-specific Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E. Blum
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA and New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY USA
| | - Ryan Kong
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - E.A. Schulman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA and New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY USA
| | - Francis M. Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rabi Upadhyay
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health; New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Gabriela Romero-Meza
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA and New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Dan R. Littman
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA and New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY USA
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael A. Fischbach
- Department of Bioengineering; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305 USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub; San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kazuki Nagashima
- Department of Bioengineering; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305 USA
- ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Sattely
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University; Stanford, CA 94305 USA and New York University School of Medicine; New York, NY USA
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2
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Glusac J, Fishman A. Enzymatic and chemical modification of zein for food application. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Glenn G, Shogren R, Jin X, Orts W, Hart-Cooper W, Olson L. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and their alternatives in paper food packaging. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2596-2625. [PMID: 33682364 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used in food contact paper and paperboard for decades due to their unique ability to provide both moisture and oil/grease resistance. Once thought to be innocuous, it is now clear that long chain PFAS bioaccumulate and are linked to reproductive and developmental abnormalities, suppressed immune response, and tumor formation. Second-generation PFAS have shorter biological half-lives but concerns about health risks from chronic exposure underscore the need for safe substitutes. Waxes and polymer film laminates of polyethylene, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol), and polyethylene terephthalate are commonly used alternatives. However, such laminates are neither compostable nor recyclable. Lamination with biodegradable polymers, including polyesters, such as polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate, polybutylene succinate, and polyhydroxyalkanoates, are of growing research and commercial interest. PLA films are perhaps the most viable alternative, but performance and compostability are suboptimal. Surface sizings and coatings of starches, chitosan, alginates, micro- and nanofibrilated cellulose, and gelatins provide adequate oil barrier properties but have poor moisture resistance without chemical modification. Plant proteins, including soy, wheat gluten, and corn zein, have been tested as paper coatings with soy being the most commercially important. Internal sizing agents, such as alkyl ketene dimers, alkenyl succinic anhydride, and rosin, improve moisture resistance but are poor oil/grease barriers. The difficulty in finding a viable replacement for PFAS chemicals that is cost-effective, fully biodegradable, and environmentally sound underscores the need for more research to improve barrier properties and process economics in food packaging products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Glenn
- Bioproduct Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | | | - Xing Jin
- World Centric, Rohnert Park, California, USA
| | - William Orts
- Bioproduct Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - William Hart-Cooper
- Bioproduct Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
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Khaneghahi Abyaneh H, Bahonar A, Noori N, Yazdanpanah H, Shojaee Aliabadi MH. Aflatoxin M1 in raw, pasteurized and UHT milk marketed in Iran. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2019; 12:236-244. [PMID: 31088276 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2019.1611666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a 2B Group human carcinogens agent and introduces into the human diet by milk consumption. In the present study 257 raw, 143 pasteurized and 61 UHT milk samples were collected from markets in 117 cities throughout Iran, during winter 2017 and AFM1 contents were determined using a HPLC-FLD method after immunoaffinity clean-up. Mean recovery rates and relative standard deviations of the method were 90.6 ± 5.7%. AFM1 was detected in 252 of 461 (54.7%) samples (mean 31.3 ± 8.8 ng/L), ranging from <10 to 150 ng/L. Three samples (0.6%) exceeded the Iranian maximum limit of 100 ng/L. The mean AFM1 content was significantly higher in raw milk samples obtained from humid climate areas. The extrapolated concentration of AFB1 in dairy cattle feed based on the AFM1 value of milk was 1.96 µg/kg. The AFM1 contamination of milk seems not to be a serious public health concern in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Khaneghahi Abyaneh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bahonar
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Noori
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Yazdanpanah
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ross GMS, Bremer MGEG, Nielen MWF. Consumer-friendly food allergen detection: moving towards smartphone-based immunoassays. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5353-5371. [PMID: 29582120 PMCID: PMC6096701 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this critical review, we provide a comprehensive overview of immunochemical food allergen assays and detectors in the context of their user-friendliness, through their connection to smartphones. Smartphone-based analysis is centered around citizen science, putting analysis into the hands of the consumer. Food allergies represent a significant worldwide health concern and consumers should be able to analyze their foods, whenever and wherever they are, for allergen presence. Owing to the need for a scientific background, traditional laboratory-based detection methods are generally unsuitable for the consumer. Therefore, it is important to develop simple, safe, and rapid assays that can be linked with smartphones as detectors to improve user accessibility. Smartphones make excellent detection systems because of their cameras, embedded flash functions, portability, connectivity, and affordability. Therefore, this review has summarized traditional laboratory-based methods for food allergen detection such as enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and surface plasmon resonance, and the potential to modernize these methods by interfacing them with a smartphone readout system, based on the aforementioned smartphone characteristics. This is the first review focusing on smartphone-based food-allergen detection methods designed with the intention of being consumer-friendly. Graphical abstract A smartphone-based food allergen detection system in three easy steps (1) sample preparation, (2) allergen detection on a smartphone using antibodies, which then transmits the data wirelessly, (3) analytical results sent straight to smartphone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina M S Ross
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Monique G E G Bremer
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel W F Nielen
- RIKILT, Wageningen University and Research, P.O Box 230, 6700 AE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Helix Building 124, Stippeng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Takashima T, Numata T, Taira T, Fukamizo T, Ohnuma T. Structure and Enzymatic Properties of a Two-Domain Family GH19 Chitinase from Japanese Cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica) Pollen. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5699-5706. [PMID: 29756783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
CJP-4 is an allergen found in pollen of the Japanese cedar Cryptomeria japonica. The protein is a two-domain family GH19 (class IV) Chitinase consisting of an N-terminal CBM18 domain and a GH19 catalytic domain. Here, we produced recombinant CJP-4 and CBM18-truncated CJP-4 (CJP-4-Cat) proteins. In addition to solving the crystal structure of CJP-4-Cat by X-ray crystallography, we analyzed the ability of both proteins to hydrolyze chitin oligosaccharides, (GlcNAc) n, polysaccharide substrates, glycol chitin, and β-chitin nanofiber and examined their inhibitory activity toward fungal growth. Truncation of the CBM18 domain did not significantly affect the mode of (GlcNAc) n hydrolysis. However, significant effects were observed when we used the polysaccharide substrates. The activity of CJP-4 toward the soluble substrate, glycol chitin, was lower than that of CJP-4-Cat. In contrast, CJP-4 exhibited higher activity toward β-chitin nanofiber, an insoluble substrate, than did CJP-4-Cat. Fungal growth was strongly inhibited by CJP-4 but not by CJP-4-Cat. These results indicate that the CBM18 domain assists the hydrolysis of insoluble substrate and the antifungal action of CJP-4-Cat by binding to chitin. CJP-4-Cat was found to have only two loops (loops I and III), as reported for ChiA, an allergenic class IV Chitinase from maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Takashima
- Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , 3327-204 Nakamachi , Nara 631-8505 , Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Numata
- Biomedical Research Institute , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8566 , Japan , and
| | - Toki Taira
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology , University of the Ryukyus , Okinawa 903-0213 , Japan
| | - Tamo Fukamizo
- Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , 3327-204 Nakamachi , Nara 631-8505 , Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohnuma
- Department of Advanced Bioscience , Kindai University , 3327-204 Nakamachi , Nara 631-8505 , Japan
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7
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Volpicella M, Leoni C, Fanizza I, Distaso M, Leoni G, Farioli L, Naumann T, Pastorello E, Ceci LR. Characterization of maize chitinase-A, a tough allergenic molecule. Allergy 2017; 72:1423-1429. [PMID: 28328103 DOI: 10.1111/all.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Food allergies are recognized as an increasing health concern. Proteins commonly identified as food allergens tend to have one of about 30 different biochemical activities. This leads to the assumption that food allergens must have specific structural features which causes their allergenicity. But these structural features are not completely understood. Uncovering the structural basis of allergenicity would allow improved diagnosis and therapy of allergies and would provide insights for safer food production. The availability of recombinant food allergens can accelerate their structural analysis and benefit specific studies in allergology. Plant chitinases are an example of food allergenic proteins for which structural analysis of allergenicity has only partially been reported. The recombinant maize chitinase, rChiA, was purified from Pichia pastoris extracellular medium by differential precipitation and cation exchange chromatography. Enzyme activity was evaluated by halo-assays and microcalorimetric procedures. rChiA modeling was performed by a two-step procedure, using the Swiss-Model server and Modeller software. Allergenicity of rChiA was verified by immunoblot assays with sera from allergic subjects. rChiA is active in the hydrolysis of glycol chitin and tetra-N-acetylchitotetraose and maintains its activity at high temperatures (70°C) and low pH (pH 3). The molecule is also reactive with IgE from sera of maize-allergic subjects. rChiA is a valuable molecule for further studies on structure-allergenicity relationships and as a tool for diagnosing allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Volpicella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - C. Leoni
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - I. Fanizza
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | - M. Distaso
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Bari Italy
| | | | - L. Farioli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda; Milano Italy
| | - T. Naumann
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Mycology Research Unit; US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-National Centre for Agricultural Utilization Research (USDA-ARS-NCAUR); Peoria Illinois
| | - E. Pastorello
- Department of Allergology and Immunology; ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda Ca' Granda; Milano Italy
| | - L. R. Ceci
- Institute of Biomembranes and Bioenergetics; National Research Council; Bari Italy
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Zhu FC, Jia RZ, Xu L, Kong H, Guo YL, Huang QX, Zhu YJ, Guo AP. Genome-wide analysis of potential cross-reactive endogenous allergens in rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1233-1245. [PMID: 28962466 PMCID: PMC5598104 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteins in the food are the source of common allergic components to certain patients. Current lists of plant endogenous allergens were based on the medical/clinical reports as well as laboratory results. Plant genome sequences made it possible to predict and characterize the genome-wide of putative endogenous allergens in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this work, we identified and characterized 122 candidate rice allergens including the 22 allergens in present databases. Conserved domain analysis also revealed 37 domains among rice allergens including one novel domain (histidine kinase-, DNA gyrase B-, and HSP90-like ATPase, PF13589) adding to the allergen protein database. Phylogenetic analysis of the allergens revealed the diversity among the Prolamin superfamily and DnaK protein family, respectively. Additionally, some allergens proteins clustered on the rice chromosome might suggest the molecular function during the evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chao Zhu
- State Key Biotechnology Laboratory for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.,College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Rui Zong Jia
- State Key Biotechnology Laboratory for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Lin Xu
- State Key Biotechnology Laboratory for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Hua Kong
- State Key Biotechnology Laboratory for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Yun Ling Guo
- State Key Biotechnology Laboratory for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Qi Xing Huang
- State Key Biotechnology Laboratory for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Yun Judy Zhu
- State Key Biotechnology Laboratory for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China.,Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Kunia, HI 96759, USA
| | - An Ping Guo
- State Key Biotechnology Laboratory for Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
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Monaci L, Pilolli R, De Angelis E, Mamone G. Mass Spectrometry in Food Allergen Research. ADVANCED MASS SPECTROMETRY FOR FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63340-8.00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Volpicella M, Leoni C, Fanizza I, Placido A, Pastorello EA, Ceci LR. Overview of plant chitinases identified as food allergens. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5734-5742. [PMID: 24841122 DOI: 10.1021/jf5007962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are induced by proteins belonging to a limited number of families. Unfortunately, relationships between protein structure and capacity to induce the immune response have not been completely clarified yet, which precludes possible improvements in the diagnosis, prevention, and therapy of allergies. Plant chitinases constitute a good example of food allergenic proteins for which structural analysis of allergenicity has only been carried out partially. In plants, there are at least five structural classes of chitinases plus a number of chitinase-related polypeptides. Their allergenicity has been mostly investigated for chitinases of class I, due to both their higher prevalence among plant chitinases and by the high structural similarity between their substrate-binding domain and hevein, a well-known allergen present in the latex of rubber trees. Even if allergenic molecules have been identified for at least three other classes of plant chitinases, the involvement of the different structural motifs in the allergenicity of molecules has been disregarded so far. In this review, we provide a structurally based catalog of plant chitinases investigated for allergenicity, which could be a useful base for further studies aimed at better clarifying the structure-allergenicity relationships for this protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariateresa Volpicella
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari , Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Gilissen LJ, van der Meer IM, Smulders MJ. Reducing the incidence of allergy and intolerance to cereals. J Cereal Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Berta G, Copetta A, Gamalero E, Bona E, Cesaro P, Scarafoni A, D'Agostino G. Maize development and grain quality are differentially affected by mycorrhizal fungi and a growth-promoting pseudomonad in the field. MYCORRHIZA 2014; 24:161-70. [PMID: 23995918 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-013-0523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can increase the growth and yield of major crops, and improve the quality of fruits and leaves. However, little is known about their impact on seed composition. Plants were inoculated with AM fungi and/or the bacterial strain Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf4 and harvested after 7 months of growth in open-field conditions. Plant growth parameters were measured (biomass, length and circumference of spikes, number of grains per cob, grain yield, and grain size) and protein, lipid, and starch content in grains were determined. Plant growth and yield were increased by inoculation with the microorganisms. Moreover, spikes and grains of inoculated plants were bigger than those produced by uninoculated plants. Regarding grain composition, the bacterial strain increased grain starch content, especially the digestible components, whereas AM fungi-enhanced protein, especially zein, content. Plant inoculation with the fluorescent pseudomonad and mycorrhizal fungi resulted in additive effects on grain composition. Overall, results showed that the bacterial strain and the AM fungi promoted maize growth cultivated in field conditions and differentially affected the grain nutritional content. Consequently, targeted plant inoculation with beneficial microorganisms can lead to commodities fulfilling consumer and industrial requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Viale Teresa Michel, 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy,
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Fonseca C, Planchon S, Pinheiro C, Renaut J, Ricardo CP, Oliveira MM, Batista R. Maize IgE binding proteins: each plant a different profile? Proteome Sci 2014; 12:17. [PMID: 24650160 PMCID: PMC3999935 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-12-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergies are nearly always triggered by protein molecules and the majority of individuals with documented immunologic reactions to foods exhibit IgE hypersensitivity reactions. In this study we aimed to understand if natural differences, at proteomic level, between maize populations, may induce different IgE binding proteins profiles among maize-allergic individuals. We also intended to deepen our knowledge on maize IgE binding proteins. Results In order to accomplish this goal we have used proteomic tools (SDS-PAGE and 2-D gel electrophoresis followed by western blot) and tested plasma IgE reactivity from four maize-allergic individuals against four different protein fractions (albumins, globulins, glutelins and prolamins) of three different maize cultivars. We have observed that maize cultivars have different proteomes that result in different IgE binding proteins profiles when tested against plasma from maize-allergic individuals. We could identify 19 different maize IgE binding proteins, 11 of which were unknown to date. Moreover, we found that most (89.5%) of the 19 identified potential maize allergens could be related to plant stress. Conclusions These results lead us to conclude that, within each species, plant allergenic potential varies with genotype. Moreover, considering the stress-related IgE binding proteins identified, we hypothesise that the environment, particularly stress conditions, may alter IgE binding protein profiles of plant components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rita Batista
- National Health Institute Dr, Ricardo Jorge, Av, Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Guillen D, Barranco P, Palacín A, Quirce S. Occupational Rhinoconjunctivitis due to Maize in a Snack Processor: A Cross-Reactivity Study Between Lipid Transfer Proteins From Different Cereals and Peach. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014; 6:470-3. [PMID: 25229007 PMCID: PMC4161691 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.5.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a snack processor who developed occupational rhinoconjunctivitis due to maize brand exposure during the extrusion process, and who experienced abdominal pain upon drinking beer. The allergens implicated and the cross-reactivity between non-specific lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) from different cereals and peach were investigated. Skin prick tests and specific IgE to cereal flours, pulmonary functions tests and specific conjunctival and inhalation challenges to maize extract were performed. In vitro studies included IgE immunoblotting and ELISA inhibition assays. Skin prick tests with maize flour, maize brand and wheat flour extracts were positive, whereas serum specific IgE was positive only to maize flour. Specific inhalation challenge (SIC) to maize flour did not elicit an asthmatic reaction; however, conjunctival challenge test with the same extract was positive. Patient's serum recognized IgE-binding bands in the maize and beer extracts corresponding to LTPs. In the ELISA inhibition assays, a significant degree of allergenic cross-reactivity was found between maize and beer LTPs, whereas no cross-reactivity was observed between maize LTP and wheat and peach LTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Guillen
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Barranco
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain. ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantxa Palacín
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biotecnología, E.T.S. Ingenieros Agrónomos, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Quirce
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain. ; CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Holding DR. Recent advances in the study of prolamin storage protein organization and function. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:276. [PMID: 24999346 PMCID: PMC4064455 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Prolamin storage proteins are the main repository for nitrogen in the endosperm of cereal seeds. These stable proteins accumulate at massive levels due to the high level expression from extensively duplicated genes in endoreduplicated cells. Such abundant accumulation is achieved through efficient packaging in endoplasmic reticulum localized protein bodies in a process that is not completely understood. Prolamins are also a key determinant of hard kernel texture in the mature seed; an essential characteristic of cereal grains like maize. However, deficiencies of key essential amino acids in prolamins result in relatively poor grain protein quality. The inverse relationship between prolamin accumulation and protein quality has fueled an interest in understanding the role of prolamins and other proteins in endosperm maturation. This article reviews recent technological advances that have enabled dissection of overlapping and non-redundant roles of prolamins, particularly the maize zeins. This has come through molecular characterization of mutants first identified many decades ago, selective down-regulation of specific zein genes or entire zein gene families, and most recently through combining deletion mutagenesis with current methods in genome and transcriptome profiling. Works aimed at understanding prolamin deposition and function as well as creating novel variants with improved nutritional and digestibility characteristics, are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Holding
- *Correspondence: David R. Holding, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, E323 Beadle Center for Biotechnology, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE, USA e-mail:
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17
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Scientific opinion on applications EFSA‐GMO‐RX‐T25 and EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2007‐46 for the renewal of authorisation of maize T25, and for the placing on the market of herbicide‐tolerant genetically modified maize T25, both for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Bayer CropScience AG. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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18
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Goodman RE, Panda R, Ariyarathna H. Evaluation of endogenous allergens for the safety evaluation of genetically engineered food crops: review of potential risks, test methods, examples and relevance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8317-32. [PMID: 23848840 DOI: 10.1021/jf400952y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The safety of food produced from genetically engineered (GE) crops is assessed for potential risks of food allergy on the basis of an international consensus guideline outlined by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (2003). The assessment focuses on evaluation of the potential allergenicity of the newly expressed protein(s) as the primary potential risk using a process that markedly limits risks to allergic consumers. However, Codex also recommended evaluating a second concern, potential increases in endogenous allergens of commonly allergenic food crops that might occur due to insertion of the gene. Unfortunately, potential risks and natural variation of endogenous allergens in non-GE varieties are not understood, and risks from increases have not been demonstrated. Because regulatory approvals in some countries are delayed due to increasing demands for measuring endogenous allergens, we present a review of the potential risks of food allergy, risk management for food allergy, and test methods that may be used in these evaluations. We also present new data from our laboratory studies on the variation of the allergenic lipid transfer protein in non-GE maize hybrids as well as data from two studies of endogenous allergen comparisons for three GE soybean lines, their nearest genetic soy lines, and other commercial lines. We conclude that scientifically based limits of acceptable variation cannot been established without an understanding of natural variation in non-GE crops. Furthermore, the risks from increased allergen expression are minimal as the risk management strategy for food allergy is for allergic individuals to avoid consuming any food containing their allergenic source, regardless of the crop variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E Goodman
- Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , 143 Food Industry Complex, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0955, United States
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19
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Taylor J, Anyango JO, Taylor JRN. Developments in the Science of Zein, Kafirin, and Gluten Protein Bioplastic Materials. Cereal Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-12-12-0165-ia] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet Taylor
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being and Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
- Corresponding author. Phone: +27 12 4205402. Fax: +27 12 4202839. E-mail:
| | - Joseph O. Anyango
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being and Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - John R. N. Taylor
- Institute for Food, Nutrition and Well-being and Department of Food Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
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20
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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA-GMO-UK-2006-34) for the placing on the market of genetically modified maize 3272 with a thermotolerant alpha-amylase, for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Syngenta Cr. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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21
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Pastorello EA, Scibilia J, Farioli L, Primavesi L, Giuffrida MG, Mascheri A, Piantanida M, Mirone C, Stafylaraki C, Violetta MR, Nichelatti M, Preziosi D, Losappio L, Pravettoni V. Rice Allergy Demonstrated by Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Food Challenge in Peach-Allergic Patients Is Related to Lipid Transfer Protein Reactivity. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013; 161:265-73. [DOI: 10.1159/000345974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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22
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Scientific Opinion on an application (EFSA-GMO-NL-2009-70) for the placing on the market of genetically modified drought tolerant maize MON 87460 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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23
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Dölle S, Hompes S, Grünhagen J, Worm M. [Food-associated anaphylaxis. Data from the anaphylaxis registry]. Hautarzt 2012; 63:294-8. [PMID: 22430610 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-011-2265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Severe allergic reactions are reported to the anaphylaxis registry in German-speaking countries. The data provides knowledge regarding the diagnosis and management of patients suffering from anaphylaxis. The ranking of the most frequent elicitors inducing anaphylaxis is age-dependent and also influenced by the group which is reporting the data. The list of food allergens inducing anaphylaxis also varies with age. In children and adolescents peanuts are common elicitors of food-dependent anaphylaxis: in adults wheat is the most frequent cause. Furthermore, the data from the anaphylaxis registry provides information about rare triggers, as well as alerting us to those causative agents which are increasing in frequency. The relevance of augmentation factors is most likely age-dependent, whereas co-morbidities including atopic diseases like atopic dermatitis and allergic asthma occur frequently in children suffering from food-dependent anaphylaxis. The present manuscript provides data on food allergens such as peas and cauliflower, which have been reported as rare causes of anaphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dölle
- Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
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24
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Cunsolo V, Muccilli V, Saletti R, Foti S. Mass spectrometry in the proteome analysis of mature cereal kernels. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:448-465. [PMID: 22711440 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the improved performance and versatility of the mass spectrometers together with the increasing availability of gene and genomic sequence database, led the mass spectrometry to become an indispensable tool for either protein and proteome analyses in cereals. Mass spectrometric works on prolamins have rapidly evolved from the determination of the molecular masses of proteins to the proteomic approaches aimed to a large-scale protein identification and study of functional and regulatory aspects of proteins. Mass spectrometry coupled with electrophoresis, chromatographic methods, and bioinformatics tools is currently making significant contributions to a better knowledge of the composition and structure of the cereal proteins and their structure-function relationships. Results obtained using mass spectrometry, including characterization of prolamins, investigation of the gluten toxicity for coeliac patients, identification of proteins responsible of cereal allergies, determination of the protein pattern and its modification under environmental or stress effects, investigation of genetically modified varieties by proteomic approaches, are summarized here, to illustrate current trends, analytical troubles and challenges, and suggest possible future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cunsolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Italy
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25
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Fonseca C, Planchon S, Renaut J, Oliveira MM, Batista R. Characterization of maize allergens — MON810 vs. its non-transgenic counterpart. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2027-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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26
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Kopparapu NK, Liu Z, Yan Q, Jiang Z, Zhang S. A novel thermostable chitinase (PJC) from pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Picariello G, Mamone G, Addeo F, Ferranti P. The frontiers of mass spectrometry-based techniques in food allergenomics. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:7386-98. [PMID: 21737089 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last years proteomic science has started to provide an important contribution to the disclosure of basic aspects of food-related diseases. Among these, the identification of proteins involved in food allergy and their mechanism of activation of toxicity. Elucidation of these key issues requires the integration of clinical, immunological, genomic and proteomic approaches. These combined research efforts are aimed to obtain structural and functional information to assist the development of novel, more reliable and powerful diagnostic protocols alternative to the currently available procedures, mainly based on food challenge tests. Another crucial aspect related to food allergy is the need for methods to detect trace amounts of allergenic proteins in foods. Mass spectrometry is the only non-immunological method for high-specificity and high-sensitivity detection of allergens in foods. Nowadays, once provided the appropriate sample handling and the correct operative conditions, qualitative and quantitative determination of allergens in foods and ingredients can be efficiently obtained by MALDI-TOF-MS and LC-MS/MS methods, with limits of detection and quantification in the low-ppb range. The availability of accurate and fast alternatives to immunological ELISA tests may also enable the development of novel therapeutic strategies and food processing technologies to aid patients with food allergy or intolerance, and to support allergen labelling and certification processes, all issues where the role of proteomic science is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Picariello
- Istituto di Scienze dell'Alimentazione (ISA) - CNR, Via Roma 52 A/C, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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28
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Fasoli E, D'Amato A, Kravchuk AV, Citterio A, Righetti PG. In-depth proteomic analysis of non-alcoholic beverages with peptide ligand libraries. I: Almond milk and orgeat syrup. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1080-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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Larré C, Lupi R, Gombaud G, Brossard C, Branlard G, Moneret-Vautrin DA, Rogniaux H, Denery-Papini S. Assessment of allergenicity of diploid and hexaploid wheat genotypes: identification of allergens in the albumin/globulin fraction. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1279-89. [PMID: 21473946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Wheat is an important part of the daily diet of millions of people. However, this staple food is also responsible for food allergies. Ancient cultivars of wheat are gaining interest today but nothing is known about their allergenicity. Many wheat proteins have been reported as causative food allergens, including some prolamin-type gluten proteins, and salt soluble proteins of the albumin/globulin (A/G) type. The objective of this work is to obtain information about the allergenicity of the salt soluble A/G fraction of an ancient diploid cultivar compared with a standard hexaploid bread wheat cultivar using 20 sera from patients with wheat allergy. Differences in the IgE reactivity of sera towards the two genotypes were quantified by ELISA. Qualitative differences in IgE-binding proteins were searched after 1D or 2D electrophoresis. For most of the sera, the concentration in A/G specific IgE was higher for the hexaploid T. aestivum (cv Récital) than for the diploid T. monococcum (cv Engrain). The analysis of 2D spots revealed by immunoblotting leads to the identification by mass spectrometry of 39 IgE-binding proteins, some of them unknown until now as wheat allergens. Numerous allergens were identified, differences observed between Engrain and Récital will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Larré
- UR1268 BIA, INRA, Rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes, France.
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30
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Krishnan HB, Jang S, Kim WS, Kerley MS, Oliver MJ, Trick HN. Biofortification of soybean meal: immunological properties of the 27 kDa γ-zein. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:1223-8. [PMID: 21226519 DOI: 10.1021/jf103613s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Legumes, including soybeans ( Glycine max ), are deficient in sulfur-containing amino acids, which are required for the optimal growth of monogastric animals. This deficiency can be overcome by expressing heterologous proteins rich in sulfur-containing amino acids in soybean seeds. A maize 27 kDa γ-zein, a cysteine-rich protein, has been successfully expressed in several crops including soybean, barley, and alfalfa with the intent to biofortify these crops for animal feed. Previous work has shown that the maize 27 kDa zein can withstand digestion by pepsin and elicit an immunogenic response in young pigs. By use of sera from patients who tested positive by ImmunoCAP assay for elevated IgE to maize proteins, specific IgE binding to the 27 kDa γ-zein is demonstrated. Bioinformatic analysis using the full-length and 80 amino acid sliding window FASTA searches identified significant sequence homology of the 27 kDa γ-zein with several known allergens. Immunoblot analysis using human serum that cross-reacts with maize seed proteins also revealed specific IgE-binding to the 27 kDa γ-zein in soybean seed protein extracts containing the 27 kDa zein. This study demonstrates for the first time the allergenicity potential of the 27 kDa γ-zein and the potential that this protein has to limit livestock performance when used in soybeans that serve as a biofortified feed supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari B Krishnan
- Plant Genetics Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture , Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States.
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31
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Anttonen MJ, Lehesranta S, Auriola S, Röhlig RM, Engel KH, Kärenlampi SO. Genetic and environmental influence on maize kernel proteome. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:6160-8. [PMID: 20968288 DOI: 10.1021/pr100251p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Comparative targeted compositional analysis is currently an important element in the safety assessment of genetically modified plants. Profiling methods have been suggested as nontargeted tools to improve the detection of possible unintended effects. In this study, the capability of 2-dimensional electrophoresis to detect significant differences among seven conventional maize (Zea mays) cultivars grown in six different locations in Germany during two consecutive seasons was evaluated. Besides maize genotype, both geographic location and season had a significant effect on protein profiles. Differences as high as 55- and 53-fold in the quantity of specific proteins were recorded, the median observed difference being around 6- and 5-fold between the genotypes and growing locations, respectively. Understanding the variation in the quantity of individual proteins should help to put the variation of endogenous proteins and the novel proteins in the genetically modified plants in perspective. This together with the targeted analyses the profiling methods, including proteomics, could also help to get a deeper insight into the unintended alterations that might have occurred during the genetic modification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko J Anttonen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
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32
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Krishnan HB, Kerley MS, Allee GL, Jang S, Kim WS, Fu CJ. Maize 27 kDa gamma-zein is a potential allergen for early weaned pigs. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:7323-8. [PMID: 20491474 DOI: 10.1021/jf100927u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Soybean and maize are extensively used in animal feed, primarily in poultry, swine, and cattle diets. Soybean meal can affect pig performance in the first few weeks following weaning and elicit specific antibodies in weaned piglets. Though maize is a major component of pig feed, it is not known if any of the maize proteins can elicit immunological response in young pigs. In this study, we have identified a prominent 27 kDa protein from maize as an immunodominant protein in young pigs. This protein, like some known allergens, exhibited resistance to pepsin digestion in vitro. Several lines of evidence identify the immunodominant 27 kDa protein as a gamma-zein, a maize seed storage protein. First, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis of different solubility classes of maize seed proteins revealed the presence of an abundant 27 kDa protein in the prolamin (zein) fraction. Antibodies raised against the purified maize 27 kDa gamma-zein also reacted against the same protein recognized by the young pig serum. Additionally, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of the peptides generated by trypsin digestion of the immunodominant 27 kDa protein showed significant homology to the maize 27 kDa gamma-zein. Since eliminating the allergenic protein will have a great impact on the nutritive value of the maize meal and expand its use in the livestock industry, it will be highly desirable to develop maize cultivars completely lacking the 27 kDa allergenic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari B Krishnan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetics Research Unit, 205 Curtis Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA.
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