1
|
Amankwah BK, Šauer P, Grabicová K, von der Ohe PC, Ayıkol NS, Kocour Kroupová H. Organic UV filters: Occurrence, risks and (anti-)progestogenic activities in samples from the Czech aquatic environment and their bioaccumulation in fish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134338. [PMID: 38643577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence, environmental risks and contribution of organic UV filters to detected (anti-)progestogenic activities were examined in samples of wastewater treatment plant influents and effluents, various surface waters and fish from the Czech Republic. Of the 20 targeted UV filters, 15 were detected in the WWTP influent samples, 11 in the effluents, and 13 in the surface water samples. Benzophenone-3, benzophenone-4, and phenyl benzimidazole sulfonic acid (PBSA) were found in all water samples. Octocrylene, UV-327 and 4-methylbenzylidene camphor exceeded the risk quotient of 1 at some sites. In the anti-progestogenic CALUX assay, 10 out of the 20 targeted UV filters were active. Anti-progestogenic activities reaching up to 7.7 ng/L, 3.8 ng/L, and 4.5 ng/L mifepristone equivalents were detected in influents, effluents, and surface waters, respectively. UV filters were responsible for up to 37 % of anti-progestogenic activities in influents. Anti-progestogenic activities were also measured in fish tissues from the control pond and Podroužek (pond with the highest number of detected UV filters) and ranged from 2.2 to 9.5 and 1.9 to 8.6 ng/g dw mifepristone equivalents, respectively. However, only benzophenone was found in fish, but it does not display anti-progestogenic activity and thus could not explain the observed activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Kyei Amankwah
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Šauer
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Grabicová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Peter C von der Ohe
- UBA - German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Wörlitzer Platz 1, D-06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Nurhan Sultan Ayıkol
- Ankara University, Graduate School of Health Science, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Turkiye
| | - Hana Kocour Kroupová
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zátiší 728/II, CZ-389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pizzini S, Giubilato E, Morabito E, Barbaro E, Bonetto A, Calgaro L, Feltracco M, Semenzin E, Vecchiato M, Zangrando R, Gambaro A, Marcomini A. Contaminants of emerging concern in water and sediment of the Venice Lagoon, Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118401. [PMID: 38331156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates for the first time the contamination of water and sediment of the Venice Lagoon by twenty Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs): three hormones, six pharmaceutical compounds (diclofenac and five antibiotics, three of which are macrolides), nine pesticides (methiocarb, oxadiazon, metaflumizone, triallate, and five neonicotinoids), one antioxidant (BHT), and one UV filter (EHMC). Water and sediment samples were collected in seven sites in four seasons, with the aim of investigating the occurrence, distribution, and possible emission sources of the selected CECs in the studied transitional environment. The most frequently detected contaminants in water were neonicotinoid insecticides (with a frequency of quantification of single contaminants ranging from 73% to 92%), and EHMC (detected in the 77% of samples), followed by BHT (42%), diclofenac (39%), and clarithromycin (35%). In sediment the highest quantification frequencies were those of BHT (54%), estrogens (ranging from 35% to 65%), and azithromycin (46%). Although this baseline study does not highlight seasonal or spatial trends, results suggested that two of the major emission sources of CECs in the Venice Lagoon could be tributary rivers from its drainage basin and treated wastewater, due to the limited removal rates of some CECs in WWTPs. These preliminary results call for further investigations to better map priority emission sources and improve the understanding of CECs environmental behavior, with the final aim of drawing up a site-specific Watch List of CECs for the Venice Lagoon and support the design of more comprehensive monitoring plans in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Pizzini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy; Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-IRBIM), Largo Fiera della Pesca, 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Elisa Giubilato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elisa Morabito
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bonetto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Loris Calgaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Matteo Feltracco
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Elena Semenzin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Roberta Zangrando
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino, 155, 30172, Venice Mestre (VE), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mutić S, Anojčić J, Vraneš M, Panić J, Papović S. Voltammetric determination of organic UV filters by carbon paste electrodes modified with pyridinium-based ionic liquids. Talanta 2024; 266:125103. [PMID: 37633035 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive voltammetric determination of organic UV filters benzophenone-3 (BP-3) and avobenzone (AVO) was performed by an ionic liquid carbon paste electrode (IL-CPE). Namely, the synthesized pyridinium-based ILs, 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium chloride ([N-C4-3C1Py]Cl) and 1-ethoxyethyl-3-methylpyridinium chloride ([N-C2OC2-3C1Py]Cl) were compared as bulk CPE modifiers for BP-3 determination. [N-C4-3C1Py]Cl-CPE showed more favorable interactions with the target analyte, and it was tested for AVO determination, too. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) studies suggested that the irreversible electrode reaction is adsorption controlled in the case of both UV filters. Also, the square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetric (SW-AdSV) method was optimized for quantifying selected UV filters. In the model solutions, the linear calibration curve was obtained by the SW-AdSV method in the concentration range from 0.05 to 0.89 μg mL-1 at pH 3.0 for BP-3 (Eacc = -0.7 V, tacc = 100 s), and from 0.05 to 1.77 μg mL-1 at pH 11.98 for AVO (Eacc = 0.2 V, tacc = 100 s). The evaluated limit of detection (LOD) was 0.015 μg mL-1 in both cases, while the relative standard deviation (RSD) was lower than 1.5%. The affordable IL-based voltammetric sensor fulfills the main requirements for application in real samples due to an adequate selectivity towards selected analytes in the presence of interferents usually found in swimming pool water. Therefore, the BP-3 and AVO were quantified in a swimming pool water matrix with good repeatability and recovery. The obtained results demonstrate an excellent potential of the IL-CPEs, especially of the [N-C4-3C1Py]Cl-CPE, for determining selected UV filters in various real samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Mutić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Anojčić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Milan Vraneš
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jovana Panić
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Snežana Papović
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pestana YMR, Sousa ÉML, Lima DLD, Silva LK, Pinheiro JF, Sousa ER, Freitas AS, Rangel JHG, Silva GS. Multivariate optimization of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using ionic liquid for the analysis of ultraviolet filters in natural waters. Talanta 2023; 259:124469. [PMID: 37019006 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method, using an ionic liquid as the extracting solvent was developed, for the simultaneous analysis of three UV filters in different water samples. The extracting and dispersive solvents were selected in a univariate way. Then, the parameters such as the volume of the extracting and dispersive solvents, pH and ionic strength were evaluated using a full experimental design 24, followed by Doehlert matrix. The optimized method consisted of 50 μL of extracting solvent (1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate), 700 μL of dispersive solvent (acetonitrile) and pH of 4.5. When combined with high-performance liquid chromatography, the method limit of detection ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 μg L-1, enrichment factors between 81 and 101%, and the relative standard deviation between 5.8 and 10.0%. The developed method demonstrated effectiveness in concentrating UV filters in both river and seawater samples, being a simple and efficient option for this type of analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan M R Pestana
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, Monte Castelo Campus, Getúlio Vargas Avenue, São Luis 65030-005, Brazil
| | - Érika M L Sousa
- CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diana L D Lima
- CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lanna K Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, Monte Castelo Campus, Getúlio Vargas Avenue, São Luis 65030-005, Brazil
| | - Jeiza F Pinheiro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, Monte Castelo Campus, Getúlio Vargas Avenue, São Luis 65030-005, Brazil
| | - Eliane R Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, Maracanã Campus, Av. dos Curiós, Vila Esperança, São Luis 65095-460, Brazil
| | - Arlan S Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, Monte Castelo Campus, Getúlio Vargas Avenue, São Luis 65030-005, Brazil
| | - José H G Rangel
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, Monte Castelo Campus, Getúlio Vargas Avenue, São Luis 65030-005, Brazil
| | - Gilmar S Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Maranhão, Monte Castelo Campus, Getúlio Vargas Avenue, São Luis 65030-005, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Recent trends in the determination of organic UV filters by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in environmental samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
|
6
|
Cahova J, Blahova J, Mares J, Hodkovicova N, Sauer P, Kroupova HK, Svobodova Z. Octinoxate as a potential thyroid hormone disruptor - A combination of in vivo and in vitro data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159074. [PMID: 36181807 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet filters are commonly used in various cosmetic products. Due to their huge consumption ultraviolet filters become a part of the environment. Octinoxate is a commonly used ultraviolet filter that is widely detected in the aquatic environment. In our study, we investigated whether this ultraviolet filter is able to disrupt thyroid hormone regulation after six weeks of exposure in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Thyroid hormones play crucial role in development and regulation of the organism and its disruption could cause the whole-body imbalance. Our study includes a compilation of in vivo and in vitro tests. The results of the in vivo experiment revealed a significant increase in thyroxine hormone in plasma for the highest tested dose of octinoxate (i.e. 395.6 μg/kg). We examined selected tissues (liver and cranial kidney) to determine the mRNA expression of genes involved in thyroid hormones regulation. The analysis confirmed downregulation of deiodinase 2 mRNA expression for the highest tested dose (i.e. 395.6 μg/kg) and downregulation of paired box 8 mRNA for medium (96 μg/kg) and the highest octinoxate dose (395.6 μg/kg.) only in cranial kidney. In vitro analysis indicated that octinoxate does not elicit (anti-)thyroid activity via thrβ and does not behave as a transthyretin ligand. Based on our results, octinoxate has a potential to act as a thyroid hormone disruptor, but further research required to better understand the entire regulatory mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Cahova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Blahova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Mares
- Department of Zoology, Fisheries, Hydrobiology and Apiculture, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Hodkovicova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Sauer
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kocour Kroupova
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Svobodova
- Department of Animal Protection and Welfare and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Turan NB, Bakirdere S. A miniaturized spray-assisted fine-droplet-formation-based liquid-phase microextraction method for the simultaneous determination of fenpiclonil, nitrofen and fenoxaprop-ethyl as pesticides in soil samples. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e8943. [PMID: 32902033 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pesticides are a group of micropollutants that persist for a long time in the environment and pose threats to life. Much effort has been devoted to developing pre-concentration methods capable of producing samples suitable for the detection of pesticides. However, better methods are still required to detect these compounds when they are present in trace concentrations in soils. METHOD Spray-assisted fine-droplet-formation-based liquid-phase microextraction was used to prepare soil samples containing three different pesticides, fenpiclonil, nitrofen and fenoxaprop-ethyl, for subsequent analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A spraying apparatus was used for the dispersion of the extraction solvent into the sample/standard solution to improve the extraction efficiency. Optimization studies were performed to lower the detection limits of these analytes and the results obtained by the application of the newly developed system were compared with those obtained using the conventional GC/MS method. RESULTS A calibration curve over the range 5.0-100 μg L-1 was obtained under the optimal conditions. The limits of detection and quantification were 1.56-1.80 μg L-1 and 5.21-5.98 μg L-1 , respectively. The enhancements in detection ability over the conventional method for the three tested pesticides were 188.01, 176.96 and 517.14 for fenpiclonil, nitrofen and fenoxaprop-ethyl, respectively Recovery studies performed in soil samples were satisfactory reflecting accurate applicability of the developed method. CONCLUSIONS The developed microextraction method is a time-saving and simple version of the traditional dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method that also reduces the use of dispersive solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nouha Bakaraki Turan
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Department, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, 34220, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Bakirdere
- Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, 34220, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Piyade Sokak No: 27, Çankaya, 06690, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Greywater treatment using modified solar photocatalyst- degradation, kinetics, pathway and toxicity analysis. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
9
|
Nowak I, Rykowska I, Ziemblińska-Bernart J. Orthogonal array design optimisation of an in situ ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the detection of phenol and endocrine-disrupting phenols in aqueous samples. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
10
|
Lima MF, Pacheco WF, Cassella RJ. Evaluation of a semi-permeable membrane device (SPMD) for passive sampling of solar filters from swimming pool waters and determination by HPLC-DAD. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1600:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
11
|
Applications and opportunities of experimental design for the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method – A review. Talanta 2018; 190:335-356. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
12
|
Vecchiato M, Barbaro E, Spolaor A, Burgay F, Barbante C, Piazza R, Gambaro A. Fragrances and PAHs in snow and seawater of Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard): Local and long-range contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:1740-1747. [PMID: 30061079 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polar regions are fragile ecosystems threatened by both long-range pollution and local human contamination. In this context, the environmental distribution of the Personal Care Products (PCPs) represent a major knowledge gap. Following preliminary Antarctic studies, Fragrance Materials (FMs) were analyzed in the seawater and snow collected in the area of Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, to investigate local and long-range contamination. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), including Retene, were determined in parallel to help the identification of the governing processes. Concentrations of FMs up to 72 ng L-1 were detected in the surface snow near the settlement and at increasing distances, in relation to the prevailing winds. PAHs follow a similar scheme, with levels of Retene up to 1.8 μg L-1, likely deriving from the occurrence of this compound in the coal dust due to the previous mining activities in the area. The snow seasonal deposition of FMs and PAHs was estimated in a snowpit dug at the top of the Austre Brøggerbreen glacier, indicating the long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) of these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy.
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Spolaor
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Francois Burgay
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chisvert A, Benedé JL, Salvador A. Current trends on the determination of organic UV filters in environmental water samples based on microextraction techniques – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1034:22-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
14
|
Mikheev IV, Kareev IE, Bubnov VP, Volkov DS, Korobov MV, Proskurnin MA. Development of Standard Reference Samples of Aqueous Fullerene Dispersions. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193481809006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Vecchiato M, Turetta C, Patti B, Barbante C, Piazza R, Bonato T, Gambaro A. Distribution of fragrances and PAHs in the surface seawater of the Sicily Channel, Central Mediterranean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:983-989. [PMID: 29660892 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea is highly influenced by several anthropic pressures, including different kinds of organic pollutants. Fragrance Materials (FMs) and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in the surface seawater of the Sicily Channel in offshore and coastal areas. Total concentrations of FMs and PAHs resulted respectively up to 112ngL-1 and 43ngL-1, with similar distributions of both classes of analytes. Low values were detected in some coastal samples, due to the upwelling of deep and unpolluted waters, while the presence of gyres probably accumulates contaminants in offshore areas. Confirming previous works, the allergenic and oestrogenic Salicylates generally resulted the most abundant FMs and diagnostic ratios indicated combustion processes as the sources of PAHs. The coupling of the well-known PAHs with a new class of Personal Care Products (PCPs) helped the identification of the major environmental drivers: the results highlighted the role of mesoscale hydrodynamics and suggested long-range atmospheric transport as key factors. The first detection of the selected FMs in open sea areas supports the hypothesis of their environmental persistence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy.
| | - Clara Turetta
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Bernardo Patti
- Institute for Marine and Coastal Environment (IAMC-CNR), Detached Unit of Capo Granitola, via del mare 3, Campobello di Mazara, 91021, Trapani, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bonato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Società Estense Servizi Ambientali (S.E.S.A. S.p.A.), Via Comuna 5/B, 35042 Este, PD, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vosough M, Hassanbeigi Z, Salemi A. Determination of ultraviolet filter compounds in environmental water samples using membrane-protected micro-solid-phase extraction. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2401-2410. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Vosough
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Hassanbeigi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Amir Salemi
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vecchiato M, Gregoris E, Barbaro E, Barbante C, Piazza R, Gambaro A. Fragrances in the seawater of Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 593-594:375-379. [PMID: 28351805 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Personal Care Products are emerging pollutants whose distribution in the Antarctic and remote environments is still largely unknown. Among PCPs, long-lasting and stable Fragrance Materials were selected to perform a first pilot study on their occurrence in the coastal surface seawater of Terra Nova Bay in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Ambrofix, Amyl Salicylate, Benzyl Salicylate, Hexyl Salicylate, Lemonile and Okoumal were detected for the first time in Antarctic natural seawater, and reached total concentrations up to 100ngL-1. Treated discharges from the Italian research station Mario Zucchelli (MZS) contain FMs, however concentrations in nearby Tethys Bay increase during the seasonal melt of the sea ice and its snow cover: variability in emissions and distribution, as well as a contribution from atmospheric (long or short-range) transport were hypothesized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy.
| | - Elena Gregoris
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wluka AK, Coenen L, Schwarzbauer J. Screening of organic pollutants in urban wastewater treatment plants and corresponding receiving waters. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 76:832-846. [PMID: 28799930 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of knowledge in environmental pollution of the anthropogenic contaminants in wastewater and surface water. Several organic compounds merit special attention, because of their potential risk to the aquatic environment. Therefore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based screening analyses were performed in order to identify anthropogenic organic contaminants and to reveal information on the structural diversity of individual compounds and to characterize their environmental behavior. Wastewater samples from wastewater treatment plants in Germany, representing various capacities, and surface water samples from corresponding receiving waters were analyzed. Numerous substances were identified in the samples. Several compounds were treated inadequately during wastewater treatment, and their identification in surface waters highlights their potential impact on the aquatic environment. Contaminants were selected according to available information about their environmental relevance (e.g. persistence, bioaccumulation potential), their possible application or usage and their occurrence within the environment. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that non-target screening analyses be undertaken to identify the structural diversity of anthropogenic organic contaminants and that further investigations of specific anthropogenic compounds be undertaken as a high priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Wluka
- Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Energy and Mineral Resources Group, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, Aachen 52056, Germany E-mail:
| | - Laura Coenen
- Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Energy and Mineral Resources Group, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, Aachen 52056, Germany E-mail:
| | - Jan Schwarzbauer
- Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Energy and Mineral Resources Group, RWTH Aachen University, Lochnerstr. 4-20, Aachen 52056, Germany E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vila M, Celeiro M, Lamas JP, Garcia-Jares C, Dagnac T, Llompart M. Simultaneous in-vial acetylation solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of multiclass organic UV filters in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 323:45-55. [PMID: 27421980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UV filters are a class of emerging contaminants that are widely used in personal care products (PCPs) and that can be detected at low concentrations in the aquatic environment (ngL-1). Sensitive modern analytical methods are then mandatory to accurately analyze them. A methodology based on solid-phase-microextraction (SPME), considered as a 'Green Chemistry' technique, followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of 14 UV filters of different chemical nature in environmental and recreational waters. In-vial low-cost derivatization was carried out to improve chromatographic performance of phenolic compounds. The extraction parameters (fiber coating, extraction mode, and salt addition) were optimized by means of experimental designs in order to achieve reliable conditions. Finally, the SPME-GC-MS/MS method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision with LODs in the low ngL-1 level. Its application to the analysis of 28 different samples including sea, river, spa, swimming pool, and aquapark waters, enabled the detection of 11 target UV filters at concentration levels up to 540μgL-1, highlighting the presence of OCR in all analyzed samples and of 2EHMC (proposed to be considered as priority pollutant) in 79% of them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Vila
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Celeiro
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Pablo Lamas
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Jares
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Thierry Dagnac
- Galician Institute for Food Quality, Agronomic and Agrarian Research Centre (INGACAL-CIAM), Unit of Organic Contaminants, E-15080 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Maria Llompart
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vecchiato M, Cremonese S, Gregoris E, Barbaro E, Gambaro A, Barbante C. Fragrances as new contaminants in the Venice lagoon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 566-567:1362-1367. [PMID: 27267717 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.05.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fragrance Materials (FMs) are omnipresent components of household and Personal Care Products (PCPs). In spite of their widespread use, little is known about their environmental occurrence. We selected 17 among the longest-lasting and most stable fragrance ingredients that are commercially available, namely: Amberketal, Ambrofix, Amyl Salicylate, Benzyl Salicylate, Bourgeonal, Dupical, Hexyl Salicylate, Isobutavan, Lemonile, Mefranal, Myraldene, Okoumal, Oranger Crystals, Pelargene, Peonile, Tridecene-2-Nitrile, Ultravanil. A new analytical method was developed to quantify FMs in water samples and it was applied to perform the first study about the distribution of these compounds in the surface waters of the city of Venice and its lagoon. Total FMs concentrations range from about 30ngL(-1) to more than 10μgL(-1) in polluted canals during the low tide. Sewage discharges were supposed to be the main sources of the selected FMs in the environment. Salicylates, oestrogenic and allergenic compounds, were in general the most abundant and widespread components. This study reports for the first time the detection of most of the selected FMs in surface waters and represent the first step to understand their environmental fate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vecchiato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy.
| | - Simone Cremonese
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Elena Gregoris
- Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Elena Barbaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Gambaro
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| | - Carlo Barbante
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics (DAIS), Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy; Institute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes (IDPA-CNR), Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia-Mestre, Venice, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ozáez I, Morcillo G, Martínez-Guitarte JL. The effects of binary UV filter mixtures on the midge Chironomus riparius. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 556:154-162. [PMID: 26971216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic ultraviolet (UV) filters are used in a wide variety of products, including cosmetics, to prevent damage from UV light in tissues and industrial materials. Their extensive use has raised concerns about potential adverse effects in human health and aquatic ecosystems that accumulate these pollutants. To increase sun radiation protection, UV filters are commonly used in mixtures. Here, we studied the toxicity of binary mixtures of 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4MBC), octyl-methoxycinnamate (OMC), and benzophenone-3 (BP-3), by evaluating the larval mortality of Chironomus riparius. Also molecular endpoints have been analyzed, including alterations in the expression levels of a gene related with the endocrine system (EcR, ecdysone receptor) and a gene related with the stress response (hsp70, heat shock protein 70). The results showed that the mortality caused by binary mixtures was similar to that observed for each compound alone; however, some differences in LC50 were observed between groups. Gene expression analysis showed that EcR mRNA levels increased in the presence of 0.1mg/L 4MBC but returned to normal levels after exposure to mixtures of 4MBC with 0.1, 1, and 10mg/L of BP-3 or OMC. In contrast, the hsp70 mRNA levels increased after exposure to the combinations tested of 4MBC and BP-3 or OMC mixtures. These data suggest that 4MBC, BP-3, and OMC may have antagonist effects on EcR gene transcription and a synergistic effect on hsp70 gene activation. This is the first experimental study to show the complex patterned effects of UV filter mixtures on invertebrates. The data suggest that the interactions within these chemicals mixtures are complex and show diverse effects on various endpoints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Ozáez
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Morcillo
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED, Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
In-syringe magnetic stirring-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and silylation prior gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for ultraviolet filters determination in environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1443:26-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
23
|
Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of UV filters in water. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
24
|
Determination of ultraviolet filters in bathing waters by stir bar sorptive–dispersive microextraction coupled to thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Talanta 2016; 147:246-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by microwave-assisted silylation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis for simultaneous trace quantification of bisphenol A and 13 ultraviolet filters in wastewaters. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1414:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
26
|
Gago-Ferrero P, Díaz-Cruz MS, Barceló D. UV filters bioaccumulation in fish from Iberian river basins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 518-519:518-25. [PMID: 25777957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of eight organic UV filters (UV-Fs) was assessed in fish from four Iberian river basins. This group of compounds is extensively used in cosmetic products and other industrial goods to avoid the damaging effects of UV radiation, and has been found to be ubiquitous contaminants in the aquatic ecosystem. In particular, fish are considered by the scientific community to be the most feasible organism for contamination monitoring in aquatic ecosystems. Despite that, studies on the bioaccumulation of UV-F are scarce. In this study fish samples from four Iberian river basins under high anthropogenic pressure were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Benzophenone-3 (BP3), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4MBC) and octocrylene (OC) were the predominant pollutants in the fish samples, with concentrations in the range of ng/g dry weight (d.w.). The results indicated that most polluted area corresponded to Guadalquivir River basin, where maximum concentrations were found for EHMC (241.7 ng/gd.w.). Sediments from this river basin were also analysed. Lower values were observed in relation to fish for OC and EHMC, ranging from below the limits of detection to 23 ng/gd.w. Accumulation levels of UV-F in the fish were used to calculate biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs). These values were always below 1, in the range of 0.04-0.3, indicating that the target UV-Fs are excreted by fish only to some extent. The fact that the highest concentrations were determined in predators suggests that biomagnification of UV-F may take place along the freshwater food web.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - M Silvia Díaz-Cruz
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, C/ Emili Grahit, 101 Edifici H2O, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Amar SK, Goyal S, Mujtaba SF, Dwivedi A, Kushwaha HN, Verma A, Chopra D, Chaturvedi RK, Ray RS. Role of type I & type II reactions in DNA damage and activation of Caspase 3 via mitochondrial pathway induced by photosensitized benzophenone. Toxicol Lett 2015; 235:84-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
28
|
Godayol A, Besalú E, Anticó E, Sanchez JM. Monitoring of sixteen fragrance allergens and two polycyclic musks in wastewater treatment plants by solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 119:363-370. [PMID: 25061941 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A methodology based on headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) determination was developed for the monitoring and evaluation of the removal efficiency of 16 common fragrance allergens and two polycyclic musks in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). An experimental design with a full factorial model was applied to evaluate the effects of the experimental parameters on the extraction (e.g., salt content, time and extraction temperature). After determining the optimum conditions (2.4 g NaCl, 45 min at 90 °C), an external calibration was performed and quality parameters of the proposed method were evaluated. Method detection limits in the range of 0.01-1.7 μg L(-1) were obtained. Satisfactory inter-day precision values between 4% and 23% (n=5) were obtained for most compounds. The method was applied to the monitoring of the target analytes in samples from two WWTPs. Seven target compounds were detected at the primary effluent of both plants at μg L(-1) levels. Limonene, linalool and eugenol were quantitatively eliminated during the secondary treatments of both WWTPs, while lilial, benzyl salicylate, galaxolide, and tonalide were still detected at the effluent waters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Godayol
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Emili Besalú
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain; Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Enriqueta Anticó
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Juan M Sanchez
- Department of Chemistry, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Levchik VM, Zui MF, Zaitsev VN. Capillary and dispersive microextraction of diphenylketones. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x14050038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
30
|
Pintado-Herrera MG, González-Mazo E, Lara-Martín PA. Atmospheric pressure gas chromatography–time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (APGC–ToF-MS) for the determination of regulated and emerging contaminants in aqueous samples after stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE). Anal Chim Acta 2014; 851:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
31
|
Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Piovesana S, Samperi R, Stampachiacchiere S, Ventura S, Laganà A. Multiresidue determination of UV filters in water samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2882-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Capriotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5; Rome Italy
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5; Rome Italy
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5; Rome Italy
| | - Roberto Samperi
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5; Rome Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Ventura
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5; Rome Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5; Rome Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhu H, Cui S, Wang W, Miao J, Feng J, Chen J. Determination of Phthalate Esters in Wine Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and Gas Chromatography. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.891126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
33
|
Guo L, Lee HK. Automated Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction–Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3743-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac404088c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hian Kee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Benedé J, Chisvert A, Salvador A, Sánchez-Quiles D, Tovar-Sánchez A. Determination of UV filters in both soluble and particulate fractions of seawaters by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 812:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
35
|
Recent developments in dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:2027-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7467-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
36
|
Gao L, Yuan T, Zhou C, Cheng P, Bai Q, Ao J, Wang W, Zhang H. Effects of four commonly used UV filters on the growth, cell viability and oxidative stress responses of the Tetrahymena thermophila. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2507-2513. [PMID: 24129001 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UV filters are increasingly used in sunscreens and other personal care products. Although their residues have been widely identified in aquatic environment, little is known about the influences of UV filters to protozoan. The growth inhibition effects, cell viability and oxidative stress responses of four commonly used UV filters, 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 4-methyl-benzylidene camphor (4-MBC) and octocrylene (OC), to protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila were investigated in this study. The 24-h EC50 values with 95% confidence intervals for BP-3 and 4-MBC were 7.544 (6.561-8.675) mg L(-1) and 5.125 (4.874-5.388) mg L(-1), respectively. EHMC and OC did not inhibit the growth of T. thermophila after 24h exposure at the tested concentrations. The results of cell viability assays with propidium iodide (PI) staining were consistent with that of the growth inhibition tests. As for BP-3 and 4-MBC, the relatively higher concentrations, i.e. of 10.0 and 15.0 mg L(-1), could lead to the cell membranes impairment after 4h exposure. With the increase of the exposure time to 6h, their adverse effects on cell viability of T. thermophila were observed at the relatively lower concentration groups (1.0 mg L(-1) and 5.0 mg L(-1)). In addition, it is noticeable that at environmentally relevant concentration (1.0 μg L(-1)), BP-3 and 4-MBC could lead to the significant increase of catalase (CAT) activities of the T. thermophila cells. Especially for the BP-3, the oxidative injuries were further confirmed by the reduction of glutathione (GSH) content. It is imperative to further investigate the additive action of UV filters and seek other sensitive endpoint, especially at environmentally relevant concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Resource and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jiménez-Díaz I, Molina-Molina J, Zafra-Gómez A, Ballesteros O, Navalón A, Real M, Sáenz J, Fernández M, Olea N. Simultaneous determination of the UV-filters benzyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octyl salicylate, homosalate, 3-(4-methylbenzylidene) camphor and 3-benzylidene camphor in human placental tissue by LC–MS/MS. Assessment of their in vitro endocrine activity. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 936:80-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
38
|
Zhao H, Wei D, Li M, Du Y. Substituent contribution to the genotoxicity of benzophenone-type UV filters. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2013; 95:241-246. [PMID: 23790521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenones (BPs) are widely used in UV filters, fragrance enhancers, and plastic additives. In this study, the genotoxicity of 14 BPs was tested using the SOS/umu assay, and the related substituent contribution was disclosed. The results of this study revealed that the major contributor to the genotoxicity of the BPs was the ortho,para-di-substitution, and the increasing hydroxy substitution on the benzene ring. In addition, the higher the dispersion of the substituent species on the two benzene rings, the lower the genotoxicity exhibited by the compound. Furthermore, 2 dimensional and 3 dimenional quantitative structure-activity relationships (2D- and 3D-QSAR) studies indicated that hydrogen-bond interactions and electrostatic effects were determinants for the genotoxicity of the BPs. The current results provide useful information for the assessment of the potential ecological risk and health effects of BP-type UV filters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
A new treatment by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of parabens in human serum samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:7259-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
40
|
Vosough M, Mojdehi NR, Salemi A. Chemometrics assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for quantification of seven UV filters in urine samples by HPLC-DAD. J Sep Sci 2013; 35:3575-85. [PMID: 23225721 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection has been developed as simple, rapid, accurate, and efficient sample preparation method for simultaneous determination of seven organic UV filters in urine samples. The influence of the main effects as well as their interactions was studied through a 2((6-2)) fractional factorial design. The candidate parameters were: type and volume of dispersant and extraction solvents, sample pH, and salt concentration. Under final optimal conditions, the analytes were extracted from 5 mL of samples by addition of 0.5 mL of acetonitrile (dispersing solvent) containing 70 μL of carbon tetrachloride (extraction solvent), without modifying the pH of the solution and applying the (+1) level of salt concentration (10% w/v NaCl). The assay was linear (R(2) > 0.997), relative recoveries ranged from 86.9 up to 97.3% and the LOQs between 3 and 45 ng mL(-1) were obtained. The intra- and interday RSDs were lower than 5 and 8% at the middle point of the linear range, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied to different volunteer urine samples and it was shown that the extraction efficiency was not affected by the type of urine samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Vosough
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cui S, Chen Q, Wang W, Miao J, Wang A, Chen J. Ultra-Preconcentration and Determination of Multiple Pesticide Residues in Water Samples Using Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction and GC-FID. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
42
|
Ku YC, Leong MI, Wang WT, Huang SD. Up-and-down shaker-assisted ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of benzophenone-type ultraviolet filters. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:1470-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201201108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chien Ku
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu; Taiwan
| | - Mei-I Leong
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu; Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ting Wang
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu; Taiwan
| | - Shang-Da Huang
- Department of Chemistry; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu; Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Maijó I, Fontanals N, Borrull F, Neusüß C, Calull M, Aguilar C. Determination of UV filters in river water samples by in-line SPE-CE-MS. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:374-82. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Maijó
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Rovira i Virgili University; Tarragona; Spain
| | - Núria Fontanals
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Rovira i Virgili University; Tarragona; Spain
| | - Francesc Borrull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Rovira i Virgili University; Tarragona; Spain
| | | | - Marta Calull
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Rovira i Virgili University; Tarragona; Spain
| | - Carme Aguilar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry; Faculty of Chemistry; Rovira i Virgili University; Tarragona; Spain
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhang Y, Lee HK. Determination of ultraviolet filters in environmental water samples by temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1271:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
45
|
Simultaneous determination of ultraviolet filters in aqueous samples by plunger-in-needle solid-phase microextraction with graphene-based sol–gel coating as sorbent coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 742:67-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
46
|
Novel Binary Solvents-Dispersive Liquid—Liquid Microextraction (BS-DLLME) Method for Determination of Patulin in Apple Juice Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
47
|
Ge D, Lee HK. A new 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ionic liquid based ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction for the determination of organic ultraviolet filters in environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1251:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
48
|
Determination of ultraviolet filters in water samples by vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1249:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
49
|
Chen HC, Ding WH. Determination of aqueous fullerene aggregates in water by ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure photoionization-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1223:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
50
|
Critical overview of selected contemporary sample preparation techniques. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1221:84-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|